419:
siege, prevented ISIS from invading their city, and were able to repel its repeated attacks. On August 23, 2014, Al-Sadr's office published a statement by the leader of the
Sadrist movement, Muqtada Al-Sadr, in which he called on the Peace Brigades to coordinate with the security forces to end the siege on Amirli. Indeed, large forces arrived at the outskirts of the city and began preparing for a large operation to lift the siege. The Peace Brigades launched operations, "We are coming, Amirli." On August 31, joint forces from the Iraqi army, the Popular Mobilization Units, and the Peace Brigades succeeded in breaking the siege on the city of Amerli and entered the city from several axes, while the Peace Brigades announced after Three days enabled it to liberate the village of Albu Hassan on the outskirts of the city of Amirli
29:
214:
275:
202:
100:
118:
255:
1218:
458:. As of 2023, it is also reported that Saraya al-Salam has been departed from Popular Moblisation Forces, therefore all activities beside the government sanctioned ones are independent actions, Sadr also have been orchestrated protests using his networks established with the militia to orchestrate protests in support of
426:
On March 1, 2016, the Peace
Brigades announced the launch of major joint operations collaborating with the Iraqi Army, the Federal Police, and fighters of the Peace Brigades and the Popular Mobilization Forces to liberate this island. The battle continued for three days, during which the joint forces
418:
Amerli is a district of Tuz
Khurmatu district with a Shiite Turkmen majority. On June 10, 2014, ISIS imposed a siege on the city after the fall of Mosul. During the siege period, they cut off water and prevented food and medicine from entering the city for 80 days. The people of the city resisted the
316:
means "Peace
Brigades", to signify this the militia also uses a dove as a heraldic symbol. The group's name, together with its logo – which features a dove flying in front of an Iraqi flag – reflects Sadr's effort to maintain a peace with both Sunnis and the Iraqi central government. As of 2022, the
422:
After ISIS took control of the entire island of
Samarra, which is located west of the city of Samarra, which is considered a holy city for Shiites and is a link between the governorates of Salah al-Din, Anbar, and Nineveh. It extends over vast areas that include different and varied terrain and has
408:
Jurf al-Sakhar is a district about 60 km southwest of
Baghdad. It forms a border triangle between northern Babylon, eastern Anbar, and southern Baghdad. It is located on the Euphrates River and is characterized by its vast agricultural lands. It was controlled by ISIS, and its members used to
395:
The Peace
Brigades announced that they were able to liberate large areas of Jurf al-Sakhar and later announced the handover of all these liberated areas to the security forces. The Peace Brigades were frozen by Muqtada al-Sadr until further notice in a statement he issued on February 17, 2015, and
1182:
1164:
409:
launch from it to carry out terrorist operations in
Karbala and Babylon. The Peace Brigades intervened directly in Jurf al Sakhar. On October 15, 2014, Saraya Al-Salam forces were able to liberate the entire Lakes region and hand it over to the security forces.
1272:
434:
issued a decision to organize the
Popular Mobilization Forces with army and police formations and confine weapons to the state. As the result Sadr has closed the militia's majority of operations in 2021, however it still operates as a "lesson in politics".
712:
The group's name, together with its logo – which features a dove flying in front of an Iraqi flag – reflects Sadr's effort to distance this new iteration from the Mahdi Army's tradition of brutal violence against both Sunnis and the Iraqi central
1200:
538:
The white dove refers to the militia of the Shiite cleric
Muqtada al-Sadr, Seraya al-Salam ("peace army"). Today it is an official part of the Iraqi Army of Iraqi Armed Forces, without being entirely under control of the Iraqi
384:, a slum in Baghdad infamous for being the prime Mahdi Army center of operations during the Iraq War. In addition to guarding shrines, the Peace Companies participated in offensive operations such as the recapture of
820:
1112:
638:
438:
In 2022, the Shia groups rebelled against each other after Sad declared he will resign from politics and as Iran is suspected to have influence over the Shia populace armed groups broke alliance in
675:
A backpatch of a freestanding dove is worn proudly by gang members. Their chosen insignia is borrowed from Sarayat al Salam, the Peace Brigade militia firebrand cleric Muqtada al Sadr commands.
567:
The population is predominantly Sunni, but the law enforcement is provided by a Sadrist Shi'ite militia (Saraya al-Salam – their emblem, the peace dove is ubiquitous on grafitties in the city).
654:
logo of the Peace Brigades, a silhouetted fighter triumphantly holding an Iraqi flag, a rifle slung over his shoulder, next to a white dove in flight and the motto: "We bow to no one but God."
1290:
377:. This new militia was almost entirely formed from the Mahdi Army remnants. According to Faleh A. Jabar and Renad Mansour, the Sadrists have largely been cut off from Iranian funding.
399:
After that statement, the brigade fighters also captured large areas on Samarra and Al-Ishaqi Island in Saladin Governorate and were responsible for liberating what remained of them.
868:
446:'s decisions on reforming the groups and Iran-centered power struggle in the region. There also been a report of Saraya Al-Salam supporters in 2023 entering a minor skirmish with
1041:
739:
Aug. 30, A. supporter of Shiite Muslim cleric Muqtada al-Sadr rolls a mattress as an encampment in Baghdad's high-security Green Zone is dismantled on (30 August 2022).
1410:
886:
396:
al-Sadr announced on 8 March 2015, with a statement published by his office about lifting the freeze and involving Saraya al-Salam fighters in the Mosul operations
362:
After Siege of Sadr City, Muqtada al-Sadr Sadr and his supporters, the Sadrists, went into silence except for resurgence in different group names such as the
924:
525:
1405:
1138:
1001:
758:
389:
1086:
1064:
242:
450:, another Shia militia in the region. In similar manner, Sadr has reported to call for an action against United States in context of
1236:
1254:
850:
1291:"Al-Sadr closes Saraya al-Salam headquarters in all but four governorates, "Goodwill initiative" and "lesson in politics" he says"
1308:
427:
were able to reach Lake Tharthar after the forces launched from the area, with a liberated area of approximately 42 kilometers.
1031:
971:
609:
236:
894:
666:
1425:
1395:
1371:
740:
725:
873:
Iraq: Heightened security reported in Amil District, Baghdad, following armed clashes in area late Dec. 25 | Crisis24
625:
flies the flag of a new militia formed by the radical Shiite cleric Moktada al-Sadr, bearing a dove and his likeness.
442:
in terms of power struggle. There has been an argument that a new Shia internal conflict could start as a result of
1400:
348:
340:
359:, the slogans and banners carrying propaganda in support of Sadr and Mahdi army were present in both occasions.
1002:
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=713f13e433d2df0ea06af5bf29570b97681395ca
692:
580:
741:"Protesters withdraw from Baghdad's Green Zone – Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East"
533:
1420:
869:"Iraq: Heightened security reported in Amil District, Baghdad, following armed clashes in area late Dec. 25"
130:
1183:"تأسست في 2014 لمواجهة تنظيم الدولة ويقدر عددها بـ50 ألف مسلح.. "سرايا السلام" الوجه الآخر لـ"جيش المهدي""
1415:
1036:
950:
496:
443:
329:
301:
163:
66:
916:
388:
in October 2014. They suspended their activities temporarily in February 2015, but were active in the
451:
352:
309:
1014:"اسرار من معركة الفلوجة عام 2004 كيف تعاون مقتدى الصدر مع البعثيين والتكفيريين وقاتل الى جانبهم"
501:
332:
73:
363:
347:
that got support from both Sunni and Shia elements of Iraqi society uniting them against the
772:
1326:
996:
Malkasian, Carter. "Signaling resolve, democratization, and the first battle of Fallujah."
491:
486:
447:
279:
218:
28:
1345:
596:
The militia's logo features a dove as well as a fighter holding an Iraqi flag and a rifle.
8:
135:
33:
356:
752:
481:
230:
139:
370:
eventually with considerable Iranian-influence rather than an independent ideology.
798:
476:
431:
403:
367:
169:
143:
972:"Shia paramilitary 'Peace Brigades' kill 30 ISIS fighters says Akili – Iraqi News"
821:"Iraq crisis: Isis allies 'turn on jihadists' as 17 killed in clashes near Kirkuk"
1219:"سرايا السلام تقيم صلاة قادمون يا آمرلي في أطراف الناحية – قناة العالم الاخبارية"
887:"Video shows burning village near Tikrit : "Shiite militias wanted revenge""
551:
413:
325:
317:
group's operations are frozen, although it is still active but in smaller scale.
293:
45:
1013:
1139:"Iraqi militia loyal to radical cleric al-Sadr joins fight for IS-held Tikrit"
1389:
639:"Public enemy or savior? An Iraqi city could reveal the true Moqtada al-Sadr"
374:
207:
471:
385:
373:
Sadr reformed his militia forces in 2014, to protect Shia shrines from the
1113:"Iraqi Shiite cleric recalls militiamen from fight against Islamic State"
455:
344:
305:
423:
become a safe haven for Al-Qaeda militants and later ISIS militants.
381:
1065:"Anti-U.S. Cleric Muqtada al-Sadr Retakes Stage Amid Iraq Turmoil"
610:"On the Road to Samarra, Glimpses of Iraq's New Fractured Reality"
300:) is an Iraqi Shia militia formed in 2014. They are a part of the
1255:"Iraq launches sweeping anti-IS group operation north of Baghdad"
917:"Iraqi forces pause in battle to drive Islamic State from Tikrit"
667:"'Salam 313': Sadr's motorbike militia gains foothold in Europe"
254:
459:
313:
105:
1309:"Shiite rivalries could break Iraq's deceptive calm in 2023"
773:"Iraqi Shi'ite militants start to acknowledge role in Syria"
726:"Sadr suspends all armed factions, including Peace Brigades"
1110:
123:
1237:"Shia militia hands over parts of Tikrit to Iraqi army"
581:"Profiles: Pro-Iran Militias in Iraq | The Iran Primer"
366:
which did had Sadrist influence however were loyal to
944:
942:
260:
Flag of Iraq, used by the group along with the dove.
1032:"The Popular Mobilization Forces and Iraq's Future"
1111:Loveday Morris; Mustafa Salim (17 February 2015).
1062:
1025:
1023:
851:"Why are Shia groups fighting each other in Iraq?"
579:Nada, Garett; Rowan, Mattison (10 November 2021).
1411:Military units and formations established in 2014
1201:"قوات عراقية مدعومة بمليشيات تفك الحصار عن آمرلي"
1030:Mansour, Renad; Jabar, Faleh A. (28 April 2017).
939:
1387:
1327:"ISHM: November 2 – 9, 2023 – Iraq | ReliefWeb"
1165:"جرف الصخر.. معسكر للباسيج الإيراني وسط العراق"
1020:
380:In June 2014, these Peace Companies marched in
1040:. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
552:"Samarra For UNESCO World Heritage Travellers"
1346:"Iraq's Sadr calls for closure of US embassy"
844:
842:
36:, symbol of insignia used by Saraya al-Salam.
1372:"The Role of Iraqi Militias in the Gaza War"
1106:
1104:
1029:
757:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
636:
526:"Internationale Nachrichten aus aller Welt"
1087:"Iraqi Shia groups rally in show of power"
948:
839:
799:"Iraqi Shia groups rally in show of power"
1406:Islamic organizations established in 2014
1130:
1101:
1056:
687:
685:
683:
578:
343:, founded his first militia organization
153:10,000–50,000 (2014, independent claims)
1273:"عبد المهدي يعيد هيكلة {الحشد} العراقي"
738:
1388:
927:from the original on 28 September 2015
848:
693:"The Militarization of Iraqi Politics"
680:
523:
243:ISIL insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)
1136:
607:
430:After defeat of ISIS, prime minister
1369:
1063:Cassandra Vinograd (23 June 2014).
297:
13:
1162:
637:El-Ghobashy, Tamer (5 July 2018).
14:
1437:
1343:
998:Journal of Strategic Studies 29.3
849:Chulov, Martin (30 August 2022).
304:and are a partial revival of the
1044:from the original on 4 June 2020
608:Rubin, Alissa J. (9 July 2014).
273:
253:
212:
200:
116:
98:
27:
1363:
1337:
1319:
1301:
1283:
1265:
1247:
1229:
1211:
1193:
1175:
1156:
1079:
1006:
990:
976:Iraq news, the latest Iraq news
964:
909:
879:
861:
813:
791:
765:
524:Bach, Marc; Müller, Alexander.
341:Coalition Provisional Authority
732:
718:
659:
630:
601:
572:
544:
517:
1:
510:
7:
1426:Popular Mobilization Forces
1396:2014 establishments in Iraq
1037:Carnegie Middle East Center
532:(in German). Archived from
497:Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba
465:
302:Popular Mobilization Forces
164:Popular Mobilization Forces
67:Popular Mobilization Forces
10:
1442:
411:
401:
320:
556:www.worldheritagesite.org
454:, implying a support for
335:who, after his newspaper
265:
249:
225:
195:
177:
157:
149:
129:
111:
91:
59:
51:
41:
26:
21:
444:Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani
353:First Battle of Fallujah
1401:Jihadist groups in Iraq
1137:Staff (15 March 2015).
702:(17): 12. 18 March 2015
487:League of the Righteous
390:Second Battle of Tikrit
237:Second Battle of Tikrit
1370:Luizard, Pierre-Jean.
333:Muhammad-Sadiq al-Sadr
351:in occasions such as
76:political initiative)
1421:Shia Islamist groups
330:anti-Saddam activist
280:Promised Day Brigade
181:Other Shia militias
16:Shia militia in Iraq
585:iranprimer.usip.org
502:Kata'ib al-Imam Ali
1416:Shia Islam in Iraq
1333:. 9 November 2023.
978:. 4 September 2014
745:www.al-monitor.com
728:. The Arab Weekly.
614:The New York Times
492:Hezbollah Brigades
357:Siege of Sadr City
61:Dates of operation
1000:(2006): 423–452.
923:. 13 March 2015.
482:Badr Organization
448:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
339:was shut down by
287:
286:
261:
219:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
191:
184:
140:Iraqi nationalism
74:semi-governmental
1433:
1380:
1379:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1323:
1317:
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1305:
1299:
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1233:
1227:
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1149:
1134:
1128:
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1123:
1108:
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1083:
1077:
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1060:
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1051:
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1027:
1018:
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1010:
1004:
994:
988:
987:
985:
983:
968:
962:
961:
959:
957:
949:Daniel Cassman.
946:
937:
936:
934:
932:
913:
907:
906:
904:
902:
897:on 17 March 2015
893:. Archived from
883:
877:
876:
865:
859:
858:
846:
837:
836:
834:
832:
817:
811:
810:
808:
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789:
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784:
769:
763:
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756:
748:
736:
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709:
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663:
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605:
599:
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593:
591:
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570:
569:
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562:
548:
542:
541:
536:on 20 Oct 2019.
521:
477:Sadrist Movement
452:Conflict in Gaza
432:Adel Abdul Mahdi
404:Operation Ashura
368:Iraqi government
349:coalition forces
299:
278:
277:
276:
269:Preceded by
259:
257:
226:Battles and wars
217:
216:
215:
206:
204:
203:
189:
182:
170:Sadrist Movement
122:
120:
119:
104:
102:
101:
87:political group)
83:(as a suspended
72:2021–2022 (as a
65:2014–2021 (as a
62:
31:
19:
18:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
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1386:
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1383:
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1325:
1324:
1320:
1307:
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1289:
1288:
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1271:
1270:
1266:
1261:. 1 March 2016.
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1194:
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1121:
1119:
1117:Washington Post
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828:
819:
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802:
797:
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792:
782:
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779:. 10 April 2013
771:
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733:
724:
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695:
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681:
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643:Washington Post
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468:
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414:Siege of Amirli
406:
326:Muqtada al-Sadr
323:
290:Saraya al-Salam
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258:
213:
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199:
185:
142:
138:
117:
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46:Muqtada al-Sadr
42:Founding leader
37:
22:Saraya al-Salam
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1163:القاضي, وقاص.
1155:
1129:
1100:
1078:
1055:
1019:
1016:. 23 May 2008.
1005:
989:
963:
938:
908:
878:
860:
838:
827:. 21 June 2014
812:
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412:Main article:
402:Main article:
364:Special Groups
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1376:cfri-irak.com
1373:
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1350:www.rudaw.net
1347:
1344:Rasul, Azhi.
1340:
1332:
1331:reliefweb.int
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891:The Observers
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375:Islamic State
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1067:. NBC News
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306:Mahdi Army
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