3064:
269:
694:
809:", and 62,000 as "Hindi Multani". However, these are not representative of the actual numbers, as the speakers will often refer to their language using narrower dialect or regional labels, or alternatively identify with the bigger language communities, like those of Punjabi, Hindi or Urdu. Therefore, the number of speakers in India remains unknown. There have been observations of Lahnda varieties "merging" into Punjabi (especially in Punjab and Delhi), as well as of outright
478:
60:
508:" within a putative "Lahnda language". Subsequent Indo-Aryanist linguists have confirmed the reality of this dialect cluster, even while rejecting the name "Southern Lahnda" along with the entity "Lahnda" itself. Grierson also maintained that "Lahnda" was his novel designation for various dialects up to then called "Western Punjabi", spoken north, west, and south of
1941:) then the consonant following it is geminated. Stress normally falls on the first syllable of a word. The stress will, however, fall on the second syllable of a two-syllable word if the vowel in the first syllable is centralised, and the second syllable contains either a diphthong, or a peripheral vowel followed by a consonant, for example
2114:, which is characterised by a lack of phonemic contrast between implosives and plain stops, and a preference for implosives even in words where Saraiki has a plain stop. The dental implosive in Jhangi is articulated with the tongue completely covering the upper teeth. It is not present in Saraiki, although
757:
Saraiki is the first language of approximately 29 million people in
Pakistan according to the 2023 census. The first national census of Pakistan to gather data on the prevalence of Saraiki was the census of 1981. In that year, the percentage of respondents nationwide reporting Saraiki as their native
813:
to the dominant languages of
Punjabi or Hindi. One pattern reported in the 1990s was for members of the younger generation to speak the respective "Lahnda" variety with their grandparents, while communicating within the peer group in Punjabi and speaking to their children in Hindi.
3388:, in Islamabad, department of Pakistani languages established in 1998), and by the district governments of Bahawalpur and Multan, as well as by the federal institutions of the Government of Pakistan like Population Census Organization and Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation.
758:
language was 9.83. In the census of 1998, it was 10.53% out of a national population of 132 million, for a figure of 13.9 million
Saraiki speakers resident in Pakistan. Also according to the 1998 census, 12.8 million of those, or 92%, lived in the province of Punjab.
392:
Due to effects of dominant languages in
Pakistani media like Urdu, Standard Punjabi and English and religious impact of Arabic and Persian, Saraiki like other regional varieties of Pakistan are continuously expanding its vocabulary base with loan words.
1945:'carpenter'. Three-syllable words are stressed on the second syllable if the first syllable contains a centralised vowel, and the second syllable has either a peripheral vowel, or a centralised vowel + geminate, for example
646:, and sources on "Saraiki" often describe the territory of a dialect or dialect group according to the districts. Since the founding of Pakistan in 1947, several of these districts have been subdivided, some multiple times.
622:
ethnic group. Only a small minority of
Saraiki speakers are Jaṭṭs, and not all Saraiki speaking Jaṭṭs necessarily speak the same dialect of Saraiki. However, these people usually call their traditions as well as language as
5448:
3042:
at
Islamabad, and the Al-Khair University at Bhimbir have Pakistani Linguistics Departments. They offer M.Phil. and Ph.D in Saraiki. The Associated Press of Pakistan has launched a Saraiki version of its site, as well.
613:
The historical inventory of names for the dialects now called
Saraiki is a confusion of overlapping or conflicting ethnic, local, and regional designations. One historical name for Saraiki, Jaṭki, means "of the
385:
spoken to the south. Saraiki however, does relate considerably with other
Western Punjabi dialects. There is a political movement in Pakistan to declare Saraiki the administrative language of its own region.
380:
it is radically different (particularly in the lack of tones, the preservation of the voiced aspirates and the development of implosive consonants), and has important grammatical features in common with the
4128:: "it has come to be increasingly recognized internationally as a language in its own right, although this claim continues to be disputed by many Punjabi speakers who regard it as a dialect of Punjabi".
389:
The
Saraiki language identity arose in the 1960s, encompassing more narrow local earlier identities (like Multani, Derawi or Riasati), and distinguishing itself from broader ones like that of Punjabi.
417:
who settled there between the 16th and the 19th centuries. In this context, the term can most plausibly be explained as originally having had the meaning "the language of the north", from the
520:, which has long been the basis of standard literary Punjabi. However, outside of Indo-Aryanist circles, the concept of "Lahnda" is still found in compilations of the world's languages (e.g.
3181:
had said southern Punjab is rich in cultural heritage which needs to be promoted for next generations. In a message on the launch of
Saraiki channel by Pakistan Television (PTV) in
2164:
The historical origin of the Saraiki implosives has been on the whole the same as in Sindhi. Their source has generally been the older language's series of plain voiced stops, thus
5445:
2997:, was previously used to write Saraiki. A preliminary proposal to encode the Multani script in ISO/IEC 10646 was submitted in 2011. Saraiki Unicode has been approved in 2005. The
532:. Spoken in Upper Sindh as well as the southern Panjab, it is sometimes considered a dialect of either Sindhi or of Panjabi due to a high degree of mutual intelligibility.
642:
When consulting sources before 2000, it is important to know that Pakistani administrative boundaries have been altered frequently. Provinces in Pakistan are divided into
3038:, Dera Ismail Khan privately.It is taught as a subject in schools and colleges at higher secondary and intermediate. Saraiki is also taught at degree level at the
658:
is a difficult one, and any distinction made using these terms is obscured by their ambiguity. In a sense both Saraiki and Standard Panjabi are "dialects" of a "
770:
in 1947, Hindu and Sikh speakers of Saraiki migrated to India, where they are currently widely dispersed, though with more significant pockets in the states of
4882:
1922:("doubled"). Geminates occur only after stressed centralised vowels, and are phonetically realised much less markedly than in the rest of the Punjabi area.
409:
is a recent development, and the term most probably gained its currency during the nationalist movement of the 1960s. It has been in use for much longer in
429:'up-river, north'. This name can ambiguously refer to the northern dialects of Sindhi, but these are nowadays more commonly known as "Siroli" or "Sireli".
463:
have also been used in academia until recently. Precise spelling aside, the name was first adopted in the 1960s by regional social and political leaders.
504:
maintained that the dialects of what is now the southwest of Punjab Province in Pakistan constitute a dialect cluster, which he designated "Southern
5435:
4908:
4242:
3599:
8184:
5497:
2937:
2045:
6355:
4778:
2052:, p. 30) reports that this sound is unique in Indo-Aryan and that speakers of Multani take pride in its distinctiveness. The plain voiced
5042:
1838:
are weak; the single nasal is more common in southern varieties, and the nasal + stop cluster is prevalent in central dialects. Three nasals
602:
3244:
834:, which are unusual among the Indo-European languages. In Christopher Shackle's analysis, Saraiki distinguishes up to 48 consonants and 9
8194:
6128:
6080:
2701:
by Stake in 1855. Later authors have noted their existence in Multani and have variously called them "recursives" or "injectives", while
1777:
is pronounced. The palatal stops are here somewhat arbitrarily represented with and . In casual speech some of the stops, especially
1570:
1808:
are found at the start of a word, but in other phonetic environments there is a full set of contrasts in the place of articulation:
8214:
8199:
5113:
3976:
4140:, p. 16: "the Punjabis claim that Siraiki is a dialect of Punjabi, whereas the Siraikis call it a language in its own right."
4272:
8204:
627:. Conversely, several Saraiki dialects have multiple names corresponding to different locales or demographic groups. The name "
5357:
5338:
5225:
5182:
5031:
4985:
4825:
969:
5460:
4815:
3621:
5490:
2930:
1635:
302:
5150:
6348:
5012:
4883:"Associated Press Of Pakistan ( Pakistan's Premier NEWS Agency ) - PTV's Saraiki channel to promote area's culture: PM"
4855:
3957:
978:
3915:
7884:
4197:
3703:
3632:
3288:
2187:'be born'. New plain voiced stops have in turn arisen out of certain consonants and consonant clusters (for example,
147:
4890:
5544:
3063:
1473:
1163:
481:
Map of Punjabi dialects and language varieties, including Saraiki (Multani, Riasti and Derawali) in the south-west
6121:
1457:
994:
292:
17:
5022:
Dani, A.H. (1981). "Sindhu – Sauvira : A glimpse into the early history of Sind". In Khuhro, Hamida (ed.).
4964:Étude de phonetique historique et experimentale des consonnes injectives du Multani, dialecte panjabi occidental
2989:, although use of this script has been significantly reduced in recent times. Likewise, a script related to the
805:
There are census figures available – for example, in the 2011 census, 29,000 people reported their language as "
6754:
6137:
5885:
5483:
5084:
2923:
2884:
1021:
659:
152:
7536:
6571:
6341:
4920:
3381:
3027:
2122:
for the earlier language. Its absence has been attributed to structural factors: the forward articulation of
1255:
7507:
7327:
7173:
6490:
6070:
3385:
3039:
1498:
1464:
1007:
5427:
4928:
3521:
3517:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3424:
2687:
2666:
2645:
2621:
2597:
2573:
2552:
2528:
2507:
2480:
2456:
2435:
2411:
2390:
2366:
2345:
2324:
2303:
2282:
2234:
2225:
2200:
2180:
2158:
2154:
2145:
2139:
2127:
2123:
2107:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2025:
2006:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1915:
1899:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1751:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
851:
847:
8209:
8189:
8070:
8038:
7894:
5432:
4250:
1156:
940:
639:, but "Ḍerawali" in the former is the Multani dialect and "Derawali" in the latter is the Thaḷi dialect.
220:
5024:
Sind through the centuries : proceedings of an international seminar held in Karachi in Spring 1975
1707:, so that for each place of articulation there are up to five contrasting stops, for example: voiceless
7604:
6114:
2061:
1988:
1644:
1335:
1142:
1052:
268:
5098:
3468:
677:. Saraikis, however, consider it a language in its own right and see the use of the term "dialect" as
8179:
8043:
7744:
7718:
7157:
7041:
6020:
5902:
3546:
2119:
2036:
of the tongue, further forward in the mouth than the plain retroflex stops. It has been described as
1983:
1505:
1480:
1326:
791:
681:. A language movement was started in the 1960s to standardise a script and promote the language. The
598:
5067:
3558:
The practice is traced back to Juke's 1900 dictionary. The modern standard was agreed upon in 1979 (
3185:, he is reported to have said that the step would help promote the rich heritage of 'Saraiki Belt'.
7939:
6700:
5046:
5007:. People's Linguistic Survey of India. Vol. 24. Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan. pp. 134–57.
3143:
1993:
1896:
1523:
1342:
1248:
1149:
953:
545:
31:
3508:
Saraiki differs for example in the presence of geminated implosives, or the treatment of Sanskrit
2986:
5094:
3753:"The Impact of Dominant Languages on Regional Languages: A Case Study of English, Urdu and Shina"
3577:
Atta, Firdos and van de Weijer, Jeroen and Zhu, Lei (2020). "Saraiki". Illustrations of the IPA.
2906:
1234:
1170:
572:
501:
494:
132:
1818:
is a realised as a true nasal only if adjacent to a retroflex stop, elsewhere it is a nasalised
8147:
8016:
7292:
7086:
6903:
6438:
5978:
5802:
3334:
3172:
2889:
1998:
1814:
1516:
1384:
1349:
1181:
1102:
490:
365:
137:
5134:
5127:(2). Lahore: Department of English Language & Literature, University of the Punjab: 45–55.
7817:
7630:
7116:
7081:
7076:
6915:
6898:
6418:
5973:
5593:
5578:
5506:
5054:
5003:
Bhatia, Motia (2016). "Lahanda". In Devy, Ganesh; Koul, Omkar N.; Bhat, Roop Krishen (eds.).
3593:
2975:
1966:
1622:
1577:
1377:
1370:
1241:
643:
587:
549:
373:
278:
94:
84:
5409:
3030:, Multan was established in 2006. BS Saraiki is also being offered by English department of
1949:'seventy-four'. There are exceptions to these rules and they account for minimal pairs like
892:
is neutralised. There is a high number of vowel sequences, some of which can be analysed as
8105:
8080:
7949:
7919:
7776:
7556:
7546:
7356:
6935:
6364:
6055:
6015:
5897:
1978:
1704:
1391:
1262:
486:
282:
142:
5469:
8:
8152:
7959:
7680:
7665:
7597:
7571:
7561:
7486:
7203:
6993:
6920:
6893:
6645:
6475:
5968:
5822:
5727:
5272:
3178:
3083:
3068:
2033:
1970:
1771:
1767:
1696:
1692:
1444:
1319:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1188:
1129:
1097:
831:
806:
561:
346:
191:
3973:
7964:
7877:
7842:
7614:
7132:
6867:
6557:
6485:
6480:
5777:
5694:
5317:
5309:
5260:
3622:
https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_11.pdf
3377:
3349:
3052:
3023:
1926:
1911:
1747:
1398:
1092:
869:
795:
767:
682:
4929:"Outlining Saraiki Phonetics: A Comparative Study of Saraiki and English Sound System"
413:
to refer to the speech of the immigrants from the north, principally Siraiki-speaking
259:
8157:
7971:
7640:
7609:
7587:
7551:
7393:
7351:
7256:
7198:
6963:
6885:
6880:
6789:
6710:
6690:
6612:
6537:
6454:
6387:
6095:
6085:
6065:
5955:
5950:
5717:
5626:
5573:
5530:
5524:
5353:
5334:
5321:
5301:
5252:
5221:
5178:
5080:
5027:
5008:
4991:
4981:
4943:
4821:
4280:
3699:
3147:
2894:
2014:
1770:. There is no dental implosive, partly due to the lesser retroflexion with which the
1755:
1735:
1491:
1227:
1117:
1107:
1030:
856:
655:
606:
568:
353:
group, spoken by around 28 million people primarily in the south-western half of the
8001:
7987:
5388:
3769:
3752:
2153:; it is phonetically realised on the whole syllable, and results from an underlying
298:
8075:
8065:
8011:
7944:
7847:
7822:
7812:
7791:
7786:
7761:
7700:
7592:
7566:
7529:
7524:
7478:
7424:
7377:
7336:
7287:
7232:
7193:
7142:
7061:
7031:
6978:
6968:
6826:
6821:
6813:
6749:
6705:
6617:
6423:
6372:
6320:
6238:
6220:
6151:
6060:
5995:
5930:
5880:
5865:
5860:
5837:
5812:
5807:
5757:
5707:
5664:
5646:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5601:
5368:
5293:
5244:
5204:
5135:"Phonemic Inventory of Siraiki Language and Acoustic Analysis of Voiced Implosives"
3764:
3582:
3576:
3354:
3035:
3031:
2722:
2714:
2220:
2216:
2137:) implosives occur word-initially, where they contrast with aspirated plain stops:
2103:
2029:
1763:
1743:
1688:
1287:
1195:
1087:
1082:
961:
912:
735:
731:
719:
707:
666:
636:
628:
525:
517:
472:
369:
354:
195:
4743:
4198:
https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/key_findings_report.pdf
3897:
3876:
3633:
https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/key_findings_report.pdf
8120:
7954:
7909:
7796:
7766:
7723:
7675:
7635:
7541:
7491:
7462:
7440:
7372:
7282:
7242:
7208:
7152:
7147:
7106:
7091:
7071:
7066:
7056:
7046:
7036:
7008:
6998:
6988:
6983:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6925:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6794:
6715:
6640:
6596:
6552:
6547:
6532:
6527:
6470:
6433:
6428:
6271:
6263:
6243:
6215:
6210:
6035:
6025:
6005:
6000:
5990:
5985:
5945:
5940:
5875:
5870:
5827:
5817:
5792:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5747:
5742:
5722:
5712:
5669:
5606:
5583:
5568:
5464:
5452:
5439:
3980:
3961:
3496:
3344:
3339:
3058:
2967:
2698:
1974:
1857:
1797:
1731:
1700:
1359:
1112:
1015:
922:
823:
751:
739:
632:
557:
553:
529:
418:
382:
124:
35:
5457:
693:
8130:
7872:
7781:
7713:
7708:
7690:
7670:
7457:
7450:
7419:
7313:
7261:
7101:
7096:
7051:
7026:
7018:
6973:
6943:
6910:
6761:
6670:
6635:
6627:
6591:
6542:
6408:
6316:
6289:
6192:
6171:
6166:
5935:
5925:
5850:
5845:
5782:
5732:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5654:
5563:
3329:
2994:
2971:
2911:
2702:
2134:
2111:
2010:
1873:
1819:
1684:
1124:
810:
799:
743:
723:
208:
184:
105:
72:
5297:
4995:
3586:
3284:
These are not dedicated Saraiki channels but most play programmes in Saraiki.
8173:
8115:
7771:
7685:
7660:
7445:
6784:
6685:
6294:
6205:
6200:
6161:
6156:
5960:
5305:
5256:
5161:
4947:
3954:
3937:
3855:
3491:, p. 28) describes its place of articulation as almost identical to the
3151:
2990:
2955:
2951:
2875:
2077:
2072:'mail'. The retroflex implosive alternates with the plain voiced dental stop
2037:
1759:
1666:
1657:
1608:
1601:
1592:
1557:
1539:
1532:
1450:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1280:
1273:
1135:
917:
783:
771:
678:
594:
513:
414:
274:
5333:. Routledge language family series. Y. London: Routledge. pp. 581–621.
5329:—— (2003). "Panjabi". In Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.).
5208:
8110:
6875:
6312:
5920:
5555:
5192:
5170:
4975:
4971:
4797:"Associated Press Of Pakistan ( Pakistan's Premier NEWS Agency ) - Saraiki"
3923:
3261:
3155:
3103:
While the beloved has settled in Malheer I feel the sting of the cruel dart
2080:
1930:
1892:
1850:
583:
5077:
Code switching in Lahanda speech community : a sociolinguistic survey
4841:
3696:
Handbook of comparative and historical Indo-European linguistics; Volume 1
3510:
2679:
2658:
2637:
2613:
2589:
2565:
2544:
2520:
2499:
2472:
2448:
2427:
2403:
2382:
2358:
2337:
2316:
2295:
2274:
2189:
2169:
403:
243:
7188:
7003:
6506:
6324:
6010:
5752:
3476:
3464:
3324:
3075:
2041:
934:
907:
835:
727:
711:
706:
Saraiki is primarily spoken in the south-western part of the province of
670:
445:
5475:
3105:
My heart the, abode of pain and grief A life of tears, I have led Farid
2241:'bus'). The following table illustrates some of the major developments:
7297:
7266:
7237:
6333:
5702:
5659:
5264:
5155:
5107:. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India.
3002:
1790:
1071:
1042:
927:
865:
861:
747:
619:
615:
521:
200:
5313:
5105:
Indo-Aryan family. North-western group. Specimens of Sindhī and Lahndā
4796:
2962:
modified letters to represent the implosives and the extra nasals. In
477:
8087:
7996:
7976:
6665:
6660:
6392:
4088:, pp. 23–27. For a brief discussion of the case of Saraiki, see
2959:
2021:
1919:
1739:
988:
893:
779:
252:
236:
68:
6106:
5248:
4779:"In a first, K-P introduces regional-language books in govt schools"
4760:
4744:"Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Multani Script in ISO/IEC 10646"
3026:, Bahawalpur was established in 1989 and the Department of Saraiki,
1887:'watching'), except in the variety spoken by Hindus. The fricatives
1687:, Saraiki has the typical for Indo-Aryan four-fold contrast between
710:, in an area that broadly coincides with the extent of the proposed
8125:
7867:
7218:
6680:
6675:
6655:
6413:
5284:—— (1977). "Siraiki: A Language Movement in Pakistan".
5277:
The Siraiki language of central Pakistan : a reference grammar
3006:
2249:
2208:
2165:
2150:
750:
is the rough divide with the northern varieties of Lahnda, such as
674:
540:
The following dialects have been tentatively proposed for Saraiki:
444:, an ancient kingdom which was also mentioned in the Sanskrit epic
310:
204:
5149:
Lewis, M. Paul; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2016).
654:
In the context of South Asia, the choice between the appellations
8059:
7930:
7403:
7137:
6650:
5636:
3097:
The dark hair wildly flows The Kohl of the eyes is fiercely black
2495:
2254:
1730:
There are five contrasting places of articulation for the stops:
827:
822:
Saraiki's consonant inventory is similar to that of neighbouring
775:
441:
306:
4927:
Awan, Muhammad Safeer; Baseer, Abdul; Sheeraz, Muhammad (2012).
4714:
4712:
2981:
Historically, traders or bookkeepers wrote in a script known as
7398:
7247:
7222:
6779:
6771:
6695:
6586:
6511:
6253:
6230:
6181:
6075:
5855:
5797:
5787:
5737:
5631:
4916:
3182:
3079:
2998:
715:
544:
Central Saraiki, including Multani: spoken in the districts of
509:
505:
350:
157:
4913:
Journal of Research (Faculty of Languages and Islamic Studies)
4761:"Govt plans to recruit teachers of Punjabi, Seraiki languages"
1902:
is voiced and affects the voice quality of a preceding vowel.
1758:
against the surface behind the teeth. The retroflex stops are
372:, and it shares with it a large portion of its vocabulary and
7213:
7111:
6248:
6089:
5912:
5348:—— (2007). "Pakistan". In Simpson, Andrew (ed.).
5235:—— (1997). "Language and Ethnicity in Pakistan".
4709:
3140:
are his famous books) is a very well recognized modern poet.
2963:
2899:
2212:
787:
685:
has tabulated the prevalence of Saraiki speakers since 1981.
579:
410:
4588:
4586:
4467:
3856:"The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan - Department"
3384:, in Multan, department of Saraiki established in 2006, and
7914:
7227:
6030:
5520:
4603:
4601:
3964:, website of the Population Census organization of Pakistan
3694:
Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias, eds. (2017).
3538:
3087:
2831:
1937:
then it is lengthened, and if it is a "centralised vowel" (
5446:
Download Saraiki font and keyboard for Windows and Android
5177:. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
5129:(This PDF contains multiple articles from the same issue.)
4273:"2011 Census tables: C-16, population by Native languages"
3078:, derived its emotional attraction from the poetry of the
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
309:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
59:
8006:
4697:
4583:
4496:
4494:
4339:
4303:
4066:
4035:, pp. 229–31), which largely coincides with that in
3463:, p. 91) reports that these consonants have similar
3086:, who has become an identity symbol. His poems, known as
2828:
524:). Saraiki appears to be a transitional language between
485:
Saraiki is a member of Western Punjabi sub family of the
5114:"Saraiki political movement: its impact in south Punjab"
4598:
4571:
4530:
4479:
4457:
4455:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4411:
4351:
4315:
2950:
In the province of Punjab, Saraiki is written using the
2017:, articulated further forward than most other palatals.
868:
than the corresponding vowel in neighbouring varieties.
4980:. Hefright, Brook. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 62, 77.
4724:
4625:
4001:
3698:. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 434–435.
2697:
Within South Asia, implosives were first described for
466:
4518:
4491:
4399:
4363:
4179:
3991:
3989:
3809:
3674:
3672:
3376:
is the spelling used in universities of Pakistan (the
4977:
A descriptive grammar of Hindko, Panjabi, and Saraiki
4970:
4685:
4673:
4661:
4649:
4637:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4542:
4506:
4452:
4440:
4423:
4387:
4375:
4223:
4155:
4143:
4107:
4054:
3821:
3657:
3643:
3397:
The terms "centralised" and "peripheral" are used in
3034:, Dera Ghazi Khan and MA Saraiki is being offered by
2207:'barley'), or have been introduced in loanwords from
578:
Sindhi Siraiki: dispersed throughout the province of
331:
5026:. Karachi: Oxford University Press. pp. 35–42.
4167:
4119:
4095:
4042:
4013:
3479:. None of these sources discuss the issue at length.
451:
Currently, the most common rendering of the name is
5043:"Saraiki Language and its poetics: An Introduction"
3986:
3777:
3669:
5408:
5160:
5144:. Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing.
4856:"Legendary Saraiki singer Shafa Ullah passes away"
4613:
4554:
4327:
4202:
3833:
673:administrators, and is still seen as such by many
5352:. Oxford linguistics Y. Oxford University Press.
5279:. London: School of Oriental and African Studies.
5148:
4926:
4718:
3877:"Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan"
3579:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
3456:
2705:incorrectly treated them as "double consonants".
631:" is used to refer to the local dialects of both
8171:
5428:A review of the linguistic literature on Saraiki
5415:(Ph.D.). School of Oriental and African Studies.
4817:The Pakistan Paradox: Instability And Resilience
3693:
1981:, and Saraiki, which has the following series: /
850:tend to be shorter than the "peripheral" vowels
649:
567:Southern Saraiki: prevalent in the districts of
5411:The development of Siraiki language in Pakistan
3938:"Introduction -City District Government Multan"
3111:one of Khwaja Ghulam Farid's poems (translated)
2091:when combined with 1st or 2nd person pronouns:
273:The proportion of people with Saraiki as their
4974:; Conners, Thomas J.; Hefright, Brook (2019).
3983:, website of Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation
3892:
3890:
2157:that follows the vowel, thus is phonemically
734:. Its other boundaries are less well-defined:
714:province. To the west, it is set off from the
6349:
6122:
5491:
3871:
3869:
3850:
3848:
3380:, department of Saraiki established in 1989,
2931:
2729:
2064:although there are a few minimal pairs, like
742:is found to the south, after the border with
323:
5195:(1995). "The Siraiki Movement in Pakistan".
3598:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3095:The beloved's intense glances call for blood
1856:varies with the phonetic environment. It is
688:
423:
225:Saraiki area study centre (SASC), BZU Multan
3887:
1929:syllable is distinguished primarily by its
6356:
6342:
6129:
6115:
5498:
5484:
4244:
3866:
3845:
3265:
3248:
3231:
3217:
3203:
2970:is used. The calligraphic styles used are
2938:
2924:
1905:
794:. There is also a smaller group of Muslim
325:
267:
58:
51:
5505:
5197:Language Problems & Language Planning
4813:
3768:
3074:The language, partly codified during the
2118:, p. 29) contends that it should be
746:; to the north, the southern edge of the
697:Ashu Lal, A Saraiki poet and intellectual
6363:
5386:
5366:
5093:
4125:
4072:
4019:
3678:
3651:
3537:Sanskrit words are transliterated using
3062:
692:
476:
357:in Pakistan. It was previously known as
5347:
5328:
5283:
5271:
5074:
5040:
4703:
4667:
4607:
4592:
4577:
4536:
4524:
4512:
4500:
4485:
4473:
4461:
4446:
4434:
4417:
4405:
4393:
4381:
4369:
4357:
4345:
4321:
4309:
4293:
4229:
4185:
4048:
4036:
3995:
3827:
3815:
3803:
3799:
3738:
3718:
3663:
3472:
3419:
3415:
3402:
3398:
1703:it has additionally developed a set of
1070:Saraiki possesses a large inventory of
303:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
8185:Greater Punjabi languages and dialects
8172:
5350:Language and national identity in Asia
5234:
5215:
5191:
5169:
5142:CRULP Annual Student Report, 2002-2003
5111:
5002:
4814:Jaffrelot, Christophe (16 June 2016).
4548:
4333:
4297:
4208:
4173:
4161:
4149:
4137:
4113:
4101:
4085:
4060:
4007:
3795:
3783:
3734:
3722:
3647:
3604:, with supplementary sound recordings.
3166:
3154:and the most popular singers from the
3101:My appearance in ruins, I sit and wait
3046:
27:Indo-Aryan language spoken in Pakistan
6337:
6136:
6110:
5479:
5406:
5132:
4730:
4631:
4089:
4032:
3750:
3689:
3687:
3559:
3460:
512:. The local dialect of Lahore is the
401:The present extent of the meaning of
5021:
4961:
4909:Siraiki Language and Ethnic Identity
4880:
4691:
4679:
4655:
4643:
4619:
4565:
3839:
3525:
3488:
2115:
2049:
798:who migrated to India, specifically
467:Classification and related languages
4820:. Random House India. p. 187.
3644:Bashir, Conners & Hefright 2019
3099:And slays the lovers with no excuse
24:
8195:Languages of Balochistan, Pakistan
4848:
3684:
3569:
1914:in Saraiki. All consonants except
1864:and weakly trilled if preceded by
432:An alternative hypothesis is that
25:
8226:
5421:
5218:Language and politics in Pakistan
3289:Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation
2708:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1813:
1665:
1643:
1634:
1607:
1600:
1576:
1569:
1538:
1522:
1515:
1504:
1497:
1479:
1472:
1463:
1456:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1325:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1051:
1029:
1020:
1006:
993:
977:
968:
952:
939:
855:
8062:(unknown further classification)
5121:Journal of Research (Humanities)
3457:Awan, Baseer & Sheeraz (2012
3455:They are transcribed as such by
3378:Islamia University of Bahawalpur
1699:and unaspirated. In parallel to
8215:Languages written in Devanagari
8200:Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
5079:. Delhi: Kalinga Publications.
5075:Goswami, Krishan Kumar (1994).
4900:
4874:
4834:
4807:
4789:
4771:
4753:
4736:
4719:Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2016
4287:
4265:
4235:
4214:
4191:
4131:
4078:
4025:
3967:
3948:
3930:
3908:
3789:
3757:Pakistan Social Sciences Review
3552:
3531:
3502:
3482:
3449:
3408:
3391:
3367:
3177:Former Pakistan Prime Minister
3012:
2126:and the lesser retroflexion of
2110:) is found in the northeastern
5458:Saraiki online transliteration
5407:Wagha, Muhammad Ahsan (1997).
3744:
3728:
3712:
3637:
3626:
3615:
3017:
3001:has also been in use, whereas
2149:'fear'. The aspiration is not
726:, while to the south-east the
601:and the northern parts of the
377:
13:
1:
8205:Languages of Punjab, Pakistan
5159:(19 ed.). Archived from
4921:Bahauddin Zakariya University
3609:
3382:Bahauddin Zakariya University
3307:FM105 Saraiki Awaz Sadiq Abad
3028:Bahauddin Zakariya University
1960:
1933:: if the vowel is peripheral
1789:, are frequently rendered as
1065:
650:Status of language or dialect
4966:. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve.
3386:Allama Iqbal Open University
3040:Allama Iqbal Open University
1842:have aspirated counterparts
1762:, the articulator being the
1040:
1013:
986:
959:
932:
817:
597:: spoken in the district of
332:
30:Not to be confused with the
7:
5220:. Oxford University Press.
5041:Gardezi, Hassan N. (1996).
3955:Population by Mother Tongue
3770:10.35484/pssr.2020(4-III)79
3751:Shams, Shammim Ara (2020).
3511:
3318:
3022:The Department of Saraiki,
2958:with the addition of seven
2680:
2659:
2638:
2614:
2590:
2566:
2545:
2521:
2500:
2473:
2449:
2428:
2404:
2383:
2359:
2338:
2317:
2296:
2275:
2190:
2170:
701:
683:national census of Pakistan
535:
404:
10:
8231:
5103:. Vol. VIII, Part 1,
5100:Linguistic Survey of India
4907:Asif, Saiqa Imtiaz. 2005.
3545:denotes an unattested but
3520:contrasts with the Sindhi
3475:, p. 22) has them as
3286:
3170:
3150:are considered legends of
3134:Munafqan Tu Khuda Bachaway
3056:
3050:
3009:are not employed anymore.
2730:
2712:
2415:'husband's elder brother'
2087:, which takes the form of
2062:complementary distribution
1723:'niche' ~ voiced aspirate
470:
361:, after its main dialect.
324:
29:
8139:
8096:
8052:
8029:
7985:
7928:
7902:
7893:
7860:
7835:
7805:
7754:
7743:
7736:
7699:
7653:
7623:
7580:
7517:
7506:
7471:
7433:
7412:
7386:
7365:
7344:
7335:
7326:
7306:
7275:
7181:
7172:
7125:
7017:
6934:
6866:
6859:
6812:
6770:
6742:
6735:
6728:
6626:
6605:
6579:
6570:
6520:
6499:
6463:
6447:
6401:
6380:
6371:
6307:
6280:
6262:
6229:
6191:
6180:
6144:
6048:
5911:
5836:
5693:
5645:
5592:
5554:
5539:
5513:
5470:Works by Aslam Rasoolpuri
5442:with Gurmukhi equivalents
5298:10.1017/s0026749x00014190
3960:12 September 2011 at the
3587:10.1017/S0025100320000328
2653:
2632:
2539:
2491:
2422:
2377:
2311:
2269:
1754:are articulated with the
1621:
1556:
1443:
1358:
1123:
1079:
846:The "centralised" vowels
841:
689:Geographical distribution
665:Saraiki was considered a
289:
266:
250:
234:
229:
219:
214:
181:
121:
111:
101:
90:
80:
57:
50:
45:
7940:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
5438:30 November 2017 at the
5387:—— (2014b).
5367:—— (2014a).
5331:The Indo-Aryan languages
5175:The Indo-Aryan languages
5112:Javaid, Umbreen (2004).
4962:Bahl, Parmanand (1936).
4031:This is the grouping in
3414:The symbols used follow
3360:
3279:
3161:
2028:is articulated with the
1872:. It contrasts with the
1793:– respectively , and .
761:
656:"language" and "dialect"
97:and neighbouring regions
6071:Pakistani Sign Language
5472:at the Internet Archive
5463:22 October 2014 at the
5393:Encyclopædia Britannica
5373:Encyclopædia Britannica
5216:—— (1996).
5209:10.1075/lplp.19.1.01rah
5005:The Languages of Punjab
4277:Census of India Website
3916:"History of Bahawalpur"
3516:, whose Saraiki reflex
3144:Ataullah Khan Esakhelvi
1906:Phonotactics and stress
1849:The realisation of the
884:, the contrast between
738:is spoken to the east;
722:-speaking areas by the
436:originated in the word
396:
8148:Indo-Iranian languages
5062:Cite journal requires
3979:6 October 2014 at the
3974:Saraiki News Bulletins
3335:List of Saraiki people
3173:Television in Pakistan
3114:
3071:
1715:'blister' ~ implosive
802:, prior to Partition.
698:
482:
424:
376:. At the same time in
366:mutual intelligibility
291:This article contains
7818:Maharashtrian Konkani
5507:Languages of Pakistan
4893:on 21 September 2013.
4476:, pp. 20–23, 27.
3092:
3066:
1967:South Asian languages
1711:'custom' ~ aspirated
696:
593:Northern Saraiki, or
480:
471:Further information:
8106:Andaman Creole Hindi
7537:Bishnupriya Manipuri
7357:Caribbean Hindustani
6365:Indo-Aryan languages
6056:Indo-Aryan languages
5451:3 April 2015 at the
5286:Modern Asian Studies
5273:Shackle, Christopher
5133:Latif, Amna (2003).
4283:on 10 December 2019.
4253:on 22 September 2013
4220:Pakistan census 1998
3126:Shakir Diyan Ghazlan
3084:Khawaja Ghulam Farid
1971:implosive consonants
880:'may he go'. Before
854:. The central vowel
832:implosive consonants
730:divides it from the
609:and Bhakkar District
364:Saraiki has partial
283:2017 Pakistan Census
8153:Nuristani languages
7885:Mitanni superstrate
6491:Wotapuri-Katarqalai
5545:administrative unit
5095:Grierson, George A.
4860:The Express Tribune
4803:. 18 February 2024.
4785:. 27 February 2017.
4783:The Express Tribune
4767:. 12 February 2022.
4092:, pp. 225–26).
3898:"Department Detail"
3721:, pp. 388–89;
3562:, pp. 240–41).
3179:Yousaf Raza Gillani
3167:Television channels
3069:Khwaja Ghulam Farid
3047:Arts and literature
2876:Perso-Arabic script
2245:
1979:Rajasthani dialects
1772:retroflex implosive
1756:blade of the tongue
901:
489:subdivision of the
347:Indo-Aryan language
8210:Languages of Sindh
8190:Languages of India
8039:Proto-Indo-Iranian
7920:Early Ardhamagadhi
5695:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
5514:Official languages
5389:"Siraiki language"
4842:"Shakir Shujabadi"
4733:, pp. 239–40.
4706:, pp. 598–99.
4634:, pp. 234–35.
4595:, pp. 590–91.
4348:, pp. 12, 18.
4312:, pp. 31, 33.
4300:, pp. 134–35.
4296:, pp. 30–31;
4245:کہاں سے کہاں آ گئے
4243:"Kahan se aa gai (
3763:(III): 1092–1106.
3493:⟨d'⟩
3350:Saraiki literature
3116:Shakir Shujabadi (
3090:are still famous.
3072:
3067:Tomb of Sufi poet
3053:Saraiki literature
3024:Islamia University
2244:
2056:and the implosive
1719:'cobweb' ~ voiced
899:
870:Vowel nasalisation
699:
667:dialect of Punjabi
483:
355:province of Punjab
277:in each Pakistani
8167:
8166:
8158:Iranian languages
8025:
8024:
7945:Dramatic Prakrits
7856:
7855:
7831:
7830:
7732:
7731:
7649:
7648:
7605:Rajbanshi (Nepal)
7502:
7501:
7322:
7321:
7168:
7167:
7158:list of languages
6855:
6854:
6808:
6807:
6724:
6723:
6566:
6565:
6331:
6330:
6303:
6302:
6138:Punjabi varieties
6104:
6103:
6044:
6043:
5369:"Lahnda language"
5359:978-0-19-922648-1
5340:978-0-7007-1130-7
5227:978-0-19-577692-8
5184:978-0-521-23420-7
5165:on 25 April 2019.
5049:on 21 April 2009.
5033:978-0-19-577250-0
4987:978-1-61451-296-7
4936:Language in India
4827:978-81-8400-707-7
4694:, pp. 4, 10.
4682:, pp. 57–64.
4658:, pp. 39–40.
4646:, pp. 77–78.
4610:, pp. 20–21.
4580:, pp. 22–23.
4488:, pp. 31–33.
4360:, pp. 12–13.
4324:, pp. 32–33.
4075:, pp. 239ff.
4010:, pp. 18–20.
3920:bahawalpur.gov.pk
3650:, p. 16 and
3528:, pp. 57–64)
3316:
3315:
3277:
3276:
3148:Shafaullah Rokhri
2993:family, known as
2948:
2947:
2695:
2694:
1897:glottal fricative
1766:or sometimes the
1764:tip of the tongue
1681:
1680:
1660:
1629:
1595:
1564:
1535:
1494:
1453:
1412:
1366:
1322:
1276:
1230:
1184:
1138:
1063:
1062:
876:'may you go' vs.
792:Jammu and Kashmir
607:Mianwali District
497:language family.
317:
316:
299:rendering support
295:phonetic symbols.
221:Regulated by
16:(Redirected from
8222:
8180:Saraiki language
8044:Proto-Indo-Aryan
7900:
7899:
7823:Canarese Konkani
7752:
7751:
7741:
7740:
7515:
7514:
7342:
7341:
7333:
7332:
7179:
7178:
6864:
6863:
6740:
6739:
6733:
6732:
6577:
6576:
6378:
6377:
6358:
6351:
6344:
6335:
6334:
6189:
6188:
6152:Standard Punjabi
6131:
6124:
6117:
6108:
6107:
6066:Iranic languages
6061:Dardic languages
5876:Pothwari Punjabi
5647:Gilgit-Baltistan
5552:
5551:
5548:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5477:
5476:
5433:Saraiki Alphabet
5416:
5414:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5363:
5344:
5325:
5280:
5268:
5231:
5212:
5188:
5171:Masica, Colin P.
5166:
5164:
5145:
5139:
5128:
5118:
5108:
5090:
5071:
5065:
5060:
5058:
5050:
5045:. Archived from
5037:
5018:
4999:
4967:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4933:
4895:
4894:
4889:. Archived from
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4862:. 29 August 2020
4852:
4846:
4845:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4740:
4734:
4728:
4722:
4716:
4707:
4701:
4695:
4689:
4683:
4677:
4671:
4665:
4659:
4653:
4647:
4641:
4635:
4629:
4623:
4617:
4611:
4605:
4596:
4590:
4581:
4575:
4569:
4563:
4552:
4546:
4540:
4539:, p. 28–29.
4534:
4528:
4522:
4516:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4489:
4483:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4459:
4450:
4444:
4438:
4432:
4421:
4420:, p. 18–19.
4415:
4409:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4349:
4343:
4337:
4331:
4325:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4279:. Archived from
4269:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4249:. Archived from
4246:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4093:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4039:, pp. 5–8).
4029:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3984:
3971:
3965:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3926:on 11 June 2012.
3922:. Archived from
3912:
3906:
3905:
3894:
3885:
3884:
3873:
3864:
3863:
3852:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3748:
3742:
3737:, pp. 7–8;
3732:
3726:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3691:
3682:
3676:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3641:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3619:
3603:
3597:
3589:
3563:
3556:
3550:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3486:
3480:
3459:, p. 127).
3453:
3447:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3412:
3406:
3395:
3389:
3371:
3355:Saraiki diaspora
3293:
3292:
3267:
3250:
3233:
3219:
3205:
3188:
3187:
3138:Shakir De Dohray
3112:
3036:Gomal University
3032:Ghazi University
2940:
2933:
2926:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2723:Saraiki alphabet
2719:
2718:
2715:Saraiki alphabet
2689:
2683:
2668:
2662:
2647:
2641:
2623:
2617:
2599:
2593:
2575:
2569:
2554:
2548:
2530:
2524:
2509:
2503:
2482:
2476:
2458:
2452:
2437:
2431:
2413:
2407:
2392:
2386:
2368:
2362:
2347:
2341:
2326:
2320:
2305:
2299:
2284:
2278:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2230:
2205:
2196:
2185:
2176:
2160:
2156:
2147:
2141:
2129:
2125:
2109:
2104:dental implosive
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2027:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1977:, possibly some
1956:
1953:'informing' and
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1917:
1901:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1860:if geminated to
1855:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1822:. The contrasts
1817:
1812:. The retroflex
1811:
1807:
1803:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1753:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1669:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1627:
1611:
1604:
1591:
1580:
1573:
1562:
1542:
1533:voiced aspirated
1531:
1526:
1519:
1508:
1501:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1467:
1460:
1449:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1364:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1329:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1274:voiced aspirated
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1134:
1077:
1076:
1055:
1033:
1024:
1010:
997:
981:
972:
956:
943:
902:
898:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
872:is distinctive:
859:
853:
849:
732:Marwari language
671:British colonial
660:Greater Punjabi"
637:Dera Ismail Khan
599:Dera Ismail Khan
473:Punjabi dialects
427:
407:
370:Standard Punjabi
335:
329:
328:
327:
271:
262:
246:
239:
196:Saraiki alphabet
187:
127:
62:
53:
43:
42:
21:
8230:
8229:
8225:
8224:
8223:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8170:
8169:
8168:
8163:
8162:
8135:
8098:
8092:
8048:
8031:
8021:
7981:
7924:
7910:Ashokan Prakrit
7889:
7852:
7827:
7801:
7746:
7728:
7695:
7645:
7619:
7576:
7509:
7498:
7467:
7429:
7408:
7382:
7361:
7318:
7302:
7271:
7243:Hyderabadi Urdu
7164:
7121:
7013:
6930:
6851:
6804:
6795:Pahari-Pothwari
6766:
6720:
6701:Pahari Kinnauri
6622:
6601:
6562:
6528:Indus Kohistani
6521:Hazara Division
6516:
6495:
6459:
6443:
6397:
6367:
6362:
6332:
6327:
6299:
6276:
6272:Pahari-Pothwari
6264:Pahari-Pothwari
6258:
6225:
6184:
6176:
6140:
6135:
6105:
6100:
6086:Pakistani Hindi
6040:
5907:
5832:
5773:Kohistani Shina
5743:Indus Kohistani
5689:
5641:
5588:
5584:Pahari-Pothwari
5542:
5541:
5540:Other languages
5535:
5509:
5504:
5465:Wayback Machine
5453:Wayback Machine
5440:Wayback Machine
5424:
5419:
5397:
5395:
5377:
5375:
5360:
5341:
5249:10.2307/2645700
5228:
5185:
5137:
5116:
5087:
5063:
5061:
5052:
5051:
5034:
5015:
4988:
4952:
4950:
4931:
4903:
4898:
4879:
4875:
4865:
4863:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4828:
4812:
4808:
4795:
4794:
4790:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4729:
4725:
4717:
4710:
4702:
4698:
4690:
4686:
4678:
4674:
4666:
4662:
4654:
4650:
4642:
4638:
4630:
4626:
4618:
4614:
4606:
4599:
4591:
4584:
4576:
4572:
4564:
4555:
4547:
4543:
4535:
4531:
4523:
4519:
4511:
4507:
4499:
4492:
4484:
4480:
4472:
4468:
4460:
4453:
4445:
4441:
4433:
4424:
4416:
4412:
4404:
4400:
4392:
4388:
4380:
4376:
4368:
4364:
4356:
4352:
4344:
4340:
4332:
4328:
4320:
4316:
4308:
4304:
4292:
4288:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4256:
4254:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4228:
4224:
4219:
4215:
4207:
4203:
4196:
4192:
4188:, pp. 1–2.
4184:
4180:
4172:
4168:
4160:
4156:
4148:
4144:
4136:
4132:
4124:
4120:
4112:
4108:
4100:
4096:
4083:
4079:
4071:
4067:
4059:
4055:
4047:
4043:
4030:
4026:
4018:
4014:
4006:
4002:
3994:
3987:
3981:Wayback Machine
3972:
3968:
3962:Wayback Machine
3953:
3949:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3896:
3895:
3888:
3875:
3874:
3867:
3854:
3853:
3846:
3838:
3834:
3826:
3822:
3814:
3810:
3794:
3790:
3782:
3778:
3749:
3745:
3733:
3729:
3717:
3713:
3706:
3692:
3685:
3677:
3670:
3662:
3658:
3642:
3638:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3591:
3590:
3572:
3570:Further reading
3567:
3566:
3557:
3553:
3536:
3532:
3507:
3503:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3454:
3450:
3413:
3409:
3396:
3392:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3345:Saraiki cuisine
3340:Saraiki culture
3321:
3291:
3282:
3175:
3169:
3164:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3061:
3059:Saraiki culture
3055:
3049:
3020:
3015:
2968:Sindhi alphabet
2944:
2890:Transliteration
2873:
2731:
2717:
2711:
2253:
1963:
1908:
1685:stop consonants
1128:
1106:
1091:
1068:
900:Saraiki vowels
844:
820:
764:
704:
691:
662:macrolanguage.
652:
633:Dera Ghazi Khan
546:Dera Ghazi Khan
538:
475:
469:
399:
383:Sindhi language
297:Without proper
285:
258:
242:
235:
215:Official status
207:
203:
199:
188:
183:
177:
128:
125:Language family
123:
114:
113:Native speakers
76:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Saraiki dialect
15:
12:
11:
5:
8228:
8218:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8165:
8164:
8161:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8141:
8140:
8137:
8136:
8134:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8102:
8100:
8094:
8093:
8091:
8090:
8085:
8084:
8083:
8078:
8068:
8063:
8056:
8054:
8050:
8049:
8047:
8046:
8041:
8035:
8033:
8027:
8026:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7993:
7991:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7968:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7942:
7936:
7934:
7926:
7925:
7923:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7906:
7904:
7897:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7887:
7882:
7881:
7880:
7875:
7864:
7862:
7858:
7857:
7854:
7853:
7851:
7850:
7845:
7839:
7837:
7833:
7832:
7829:
7828:
7826:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7809:
7807:
7803:
7802:
7800:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7758:
7756:
7749:
7738:
7734:
7733:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7705:
7703:
7697:
7696:
7694:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7657:
7655:
7651:
7650:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7627:
7625:
7621:
7620:
7618:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7601:
7600:
7595:
7584:
7582:
7578:
7577:
7575:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7533:
7532:
7521:
7519:
7512:
7504:
7503:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7496:
7495:
7494:
7489:
7481:
7475:
7473:
7469:
7468:
7466:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7454:
7453:
7448:
7437:
7435:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7427:
7422:
7416:
7414:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7390:
7388:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7375:
7369:
7367:
7363:
7362:
7360:
7359:
7354:
7348:
7346:
7339:
7330:
7324:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7316:
7310:
7308:
7304:
7303:
7301:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7279:
7277:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7251:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7225:
7216:
7211:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7185:
7183:
7176:
7170:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7161:
7160:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7129:
7127:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7023:
7021:
7015:
7014:
7012:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6940:
6938:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6911:Lisan ud-Dawat
6908:
6907:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6872:
6870:
6861:
6857:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6818:
6816:
6810:
6809:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6776:
6774:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6758:
6757:
6746:
6744:
6737:
6730:
6726:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6632:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6620:
6615:
6609:
6607:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6583:
6581:
6574:
6568:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6524:
6522:
6518:
6517:
6515:
6514:
6509:
6503:
6501:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6467:
6465:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6457:
6451:
6449:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6395:
6390:
6384:
6382:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6361:
6360:
6353:
6346:
6338:
6329:
6328:
6317:Baahar di boli
6308:
6305:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6286:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6268:
6266:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6235:
6233:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6197:
6195:
6193:Jatki language
6186:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6148:
6146:
6142:
6141:
6134:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6111:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6093:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6052:
6050:
6049:Related topics
6046:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5982:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5917:
5915:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5889:
5888:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5842:
5840:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5699:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5688:
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5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5651:
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5624:
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5609:
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5598:
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5590:
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5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5560:
5558:
5549:
5537:
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5534:
5533:
5528:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5510:
5503:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5467:
5455:
5443:
5430:
5423:
5422:External links
5420:
5418:
5417:
5404:
5384:
5364:
5358:
5345:
5339:
5326:
5292:(3): 379–403.
5281:
5269:
5243:(9): 833–839.
5232:
5226:
5213:
5189:
5183:
5167:
5146:
5130:
5109:
5091:
5085:
5072:
5064:|journal=
5038:
5032:
5019:
5014:978-8125062400
5013:
5000:
4986:
4968:
4959:
4942:(7): 120–136.
4924:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
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4873:
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4806:
4788:
4770:
4752:
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4708:
4696:
4684:
4672:
4660:
4648:
4636:
4624:
4612:
4597:
4582:
4570:
4553:
4551:, p. 104.
4541:
4529:
4527:, p. 592.
4517:
4505:
4503:, p. 594.
4490:
4478:
4466:
4451:
4439:
4422:
4410:
4408:, p. 590.
4398:
4386:
4374:
4372:, p. 588.
4362:
4350:
4338:
4326:
4314:
4302:
4286:
4264:
4234:
4222:
4213:
4201:
4190:
4178:
4166:
4164:, p. 838.
4154:
4152:, p. 175.
4142:
4130:
4118:
4116:, p. 173.
4106:
4094:
4077:
4065:
4063:, p. 426.
4053:
4041:
4024:
4012:
4000:
3985:
3966:
3947:
3929:
3907:
3886:
3865:
3844:
3832:
3820:
3818:, p. 114.
3808:
3788:
3776:
3743:
3727:
3725:, pp. 2–3
3711:
3704:
3683:
3668:
3666:, p. 389.
3656:
3636:
3625:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3551:
3541:. An asterisk
3530:
3501:
3481:
3448:
3420:Shackle (1976)
3416:Shackle (2003)
3407:
3390:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3330:Saraiki people
3327:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3296:Radio Channel
3281:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3266:پی ٹی وی نیشنل
3258:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3249:پی ٹی وی ملتان
3241:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3199:
3198:
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3192:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3118:Kalam-e-Shakir
3108:
3093:
3051:Main article:
3048:
3045:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
2999:Khojiki script
2946:
2945:
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2942:
2935:
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2916:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2892:
2887:
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2878:
2870:
2869:
2726:
2725:
2710:
2709:Writing system
2707:
2693:
2692:
2676:
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2671:
2655:
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2650:
2634:
2631:
2627:
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2292:
2288:
2287:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2135:breathy voiced
2112:Jhangi dialect
2060:are mostly in
2011:denti-alveolar
2005:The "palatal"
1965:Unusually for
1962:
1959:
1907:
1904:
1874:retroflex flap
1820:retroflex flap
1750:. The dentals
1679:
1678:
1676:
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948:
946:
944:
937:
931:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
843:
840:
826:. It includes
819:
816:
800:Andhra Pradesh
763:
760:
744:Sindh province
724:Suleiman Range
703:
700:
690:
687:
651:
648:
618:", a northern
611:
610:
591:
576:
565:
537:
534:
493:branch of the
468:
465:
398:
395:
315:
314:
301:, you may see
287:
286:
272:
264:
263:
256:
248:
247:
240:
232:
231:
230:Language codes
227:
226:
223:
217:
216:
212:
211:
189:
185:Writing system
182:
179:
178:
176:
175:
174:
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171:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
131:
129:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
92:
88:
87:
82:
81:Native to
78:
77:
63:
55:
54:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8227:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
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8146:
8143:
8142:
8138:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8116:Haflong Hindi
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8103:
8101:
8095:
8089:
8086:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8073:
8072:
8071:Chinali–Lahul
8069:
8067:
8064:
8061:
8058:
8057:
8055:
8051:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8028:
8018:
8017:Khasa Prakrit
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
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7992:
7989:
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7849:
7846:
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7824:
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7808:
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7707:
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7608:
7606:
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7505:
7493:
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7482:
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7476:
7474:
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7449:
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7411:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7385:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7364:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7325:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7305:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7293:Chhattisgarhi
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7274:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7230:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7220:
7217:
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7210:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
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7190:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7171:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7087:Rathwi Bareli
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7020:
7016:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
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6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
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6952:
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6941:
6939:
6937:
6933:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
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6914:
6912:
6909:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6865:
6862:
6858:
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6840:
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6798:
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6756:
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6752:
6751:
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6738:
6734:
6731:
6727:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6686:Mahasu Pahari
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
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6608:
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6523:
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6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6498:
6492:
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6410:
6407:
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6404:
6400:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6370:
6366:
6359:
6354:
6352:
6347:
6345:
6340:
6339:
6336:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6311:
6306:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6279:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6265:
6261:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6222:
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6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
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6179:
6173:
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6150:
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6139:
6132:
6127:
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6113:
6112:
6109:
6097:
6094:
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6087:
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6079:
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6069:
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6059:
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6047:
6037:
6034:
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6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5966:
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5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
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5934:
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5929:
5927:
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5916:
5914:
5910:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
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5774:
5771:
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5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5692:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5595:
5591:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5538:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5501:
5496:
5494:
5489:
5487:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5413:
5412:
5405:
5394:
5390:
5385:
5374:
5370:
5365:
5361:
5355:
5351:
5346:
5342:
5336:
5332:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5233:
5229:
5223:
5219:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5193:Rahman, Tariq
5190:
5186:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5143:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5122:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5082:
5078:
5073:
5069:
5056:
5048:
5044:
5039:
5035:
5029:
5025:
5020:
5016:
5010:
5006:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4972:Bashir, Elena
4969:
4965:
4960:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4930:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4877:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4843:
4837:
4829:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4810:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4784:
4780:
4774:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4745:
4739:
4732:
4727:
4720:
4715:
4713:
4705:
4700:
4693:
4688:
4681:
4676:
4670:, p. 31.
4669:
4664:
4657:
4652:
4645:
4640:
4633:
4628:
4622:, p. 80.
4621:
4616:
4609:
4604:
4602:
4594:
4589:
4587:
4579:
4574:
4568:, p. 28.
4567:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4550:
4545:
4538:
4533:
4526:
4521:
4515:, p. 27.
4514:
4509:
4502:
4497:
4495:
4487:
4482:
4475:
4470:
4464:, p. 23.
4463:
4458:
4456:
4449:, p. 21.
4448:
4443:
4437:, p. 22.
4436:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4419:
4414:
4407:
4402:
4396:, p. 32.
4395:
4390:
4384:, p. 17.
4383:
4378:
4371:
4366:
4359:
4354:
4347:
4342:
4335:
4330:
4323:
4318:
4311:
4306:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4252:
4248:
4238:
4232:, p. 30.
4231:
4226:
4217:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4194:
4187:
4182:
4176:, p. 46.
4175:
4170:
4163:
4158:
4151:
4146:
4139:
4134:
4127:
4126:Shackle 2014a
4122:
4115:
4110:
4104:, p. 16.
4103:
4098:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4074:
4073:Grierson 1919
4069:
4062:
4057:
4050:
4045:
4038:
4037:Shackle (1976
4034:
4028:
4021:
4020:Grierson 1919
4016:
4009:
4004:
3997:
3992:
3990:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3970:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3951:
3943:
3942:multan.gov.pk
3939:
3933:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3842:, p. 36.
3841:
3836:
3830:, p. 24.
3829:
3824:
3817:
3812:
3806:, p. 388
3805:
3802:, p. 2;
3801:
3798:, p. 4;
3797:
3792:
3785:
3780:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3741:, p. 386
3740:
3736:
3731:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3707:
3705:9783110393248
3701:
3697:
3690:
3688:
3680:
3679:Shackle 2014b
3675:
3673:
3665:
3660:
3653:
3652:Shackle 2014b
3649:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3601:
3595:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3574:
3561:
3555:
3548:
3547:reconstructed
3544:
3540:
3534:
3527:
3515:
3513:
3505:
3498:
3490:
3485:
3478:
3474:
3473:Shackle (1976
3470:
3469:those of Urdu
3466:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3312:
3310:Entertainment
3309:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3285:
3273:
3271:Entertainment
3270:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3254:Entertainment
3253:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3237:Entertainment
3236:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3223:Entertainment
3222:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3209:Entertainment
3208:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3152:Saraiki music
3149:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3106:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2991:Landa scripts
2988:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2960:diacritically
2957:
2956:Urdu alphabet
2953:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2439:'to satisfy'
2438:
2432:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2262:example word
2261:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2186:
2183:
2178:> Saraiki
2177:
2175:
2173:
2167:
2162:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2131:
2121:
2120:reconstructed
2117:
2113:
2105:
2100:
2082:
2079:
2063:
2051:
2047:
2046:pre-retroflex
2043:
2039:
2038:post-alveolar
2035:
2031:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1973:are found in
1972:
1968:
1958:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1913:
1910:There are no
1903:
1898:
1894:
1875:
1859:
1852:
1847:
1821:
1816:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1760:post-alveolar
1757:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
996:
992:
990:
987:
983:
980:
976:
974:
971:
967:
965:
963:
960:
955:
951:
949:
947:
945:
942:
938:
936:
933:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
903:
897:
895:
871:
867:
863:
858:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
815:
812:
808:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:Uttar Pradesh
781:
777:
773:
769:
759:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
695:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
663:
661:
657:
647:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
617:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
589:
585:
581:
577:
574:
573:Rahimyar Khan
570:
566:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:
541:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:Majhi dialect
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
495:Indo-European
492:
488:
479:
474:
464:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
426:
420:
416:
415:Baloch tribes
412:
408:
406:
394:
390:
387:
384:
379:
378:its phonology
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
337:; also spelt
336:
334:
321:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
294:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:mother tongue
270:
265:
261:
257:
255:
254:
249:
245:
241:
238:
233:
228:
224:
222:
218:
213:
210:
206:
202:
197:
193:
190:
186:
180:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
155:
154:
151:
150:
149:
146:
145:
144:
141:
140:
139:
136:
135:
134:
133:Indo-European
130:
126:
120:
117:28.84 Million
116:
110:
107:
104:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
74:
70:
66:
61:
56:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
8111:Bombay Hindi
8053:Unclassified
7950:Ardhamagadhi
7777:Berar Deccan
7631:Chittagonian
7624:Chittagonian
7117:Vaagri Booli
7082:Pauri Bareli
7077:Palya Bareli
7042:Dhodia–Kukna
6916:Parkari Koli
6799:
6729:Northwestern
6419:Kundal Shahi
6313:Baar di Boli
6309:
6281:
5892:
5579:Kundal Shahi
5556:Azad Kashmir
5410:
5396:. Retrieved
5392:
5376:. Retrieved
5372:
5349:
5330:
5289:
5285:
5276:
5240:
5237:Asian Survey
5236:
5217:
5200:
5196:
5174:
5162:the original
5154:
5141:
5124:
5120:
5104:
5099:
5076:
5055:cite journal
5047:the original
5023:
5004:
4976:
4963:
4951:. Retrieved
4939:
4935:
4919:(Pakistan):
4912:
4901:Bibliography
4891:the original
4886:
4876:
4864:. Retrieved
4859:
4850:
4836:
4816:
4809:
4800:
4791:
4782:
4773:
4764:
4755:
4738:
4726:
4704:Shackle 2003
4699:
4687:
4675:
4668:Shackle 1976
4663:
4651:
4639:
4627:
4615:
4608:Shackle 1976
4593:Shackle 2003
4578:Shackle 1976
4573:
4544:
4537:Shackle 1976
4532:
4525:Shackle 2003
4520:
4513:Shackle 1976
4508:
4501:Shackle 2003
4486:Shackle 1976
4481:
4474:Shackle 1976
4469:
4462:Shackle 1976
4447:Shackle 1976
4442:
4435:Shackle 1976
4418:Shackle 1976
4413:
4406:Shackle 2003
4401:
4394:Shackle 1976
4389:
4382:Shackle 1976
4377:
4370:Shackle 2003
4365:
4358:Shackle 1976
4353:
4346:Shackle 1976
4341:
4329:
4322:Goswami 1994
4317:
4310:Goswami 1994
4305:
4294:Goswami 1994
4289:
4281:the original
4276:
4267:
4255:. Retrieved
4251:the original
4237:
4230:Goswami 1994
4225:
4216:
4204:
4193:
4186:Shackle 1976
4181:
4169:
4157:
4145:
4133:
4121:
4109:
4097:
4080:
4068:
4056:
4051:, p. 8.
4049:Shackle 1976
4044:
4027:
4015:
4003:
3996:Shackle 1977
3969:
3950:
3941:
3932:
3924:the original
3919:
3910:
3901:
3880:
3859:
3835:
3828:Shackle 1976
3823:
3816:Shackle 2007
3811:
3804:Shackle 1977
3800:Shackle 1976
3791:
3786:, p. 3.
3779:
3760:
3756:
3746:
3739:Shackle 1977
3730:
3719:Shackle 1977
3714:
3695:
3664:Shackle 1977
3659:
3639:
3628:
3617:
3594:cite journal
3578:
3554:
3542:
3533:
3509:
3504:
3484:
3465:spectrograms
3451:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3410:
3403:Shackle 2003
3399:Shackle 1976
3393:
3373:
3369:
3283:
3262:PTV National
3176:
3156:Saraiki belt
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3094:
3073:
3021:
3013:Language use
2982:
2980:
2949:
2696:
2686:
2678:
2665:
2657:
2644:
2636:
2620:
2612:
2596:
2588:
2572:
2564:
2551:
2543:
2527:
2519:
2506:
2498:
2479:
2471:
2455:
2447:
2434:
2426:
2410:
2402:
2389:
2381:
2365:
2357:
2344:
2336:
2323:
2315:
2302:
2294:
2281:
2273:
2235:
2233:
2226:
2224:
2201:
2199:
2191:
2188:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2101:
2081:postposition
2019:
2004:
1964:
1947:/tʃʊ'həttəɾ/
1924:
1909:
1893:labio-dental
1851:alveolar tap
1848:
1795:
1729:
1682:
1069:
845:
830:distinctive
828:phonemically
821:
807:Bahawal Puri
804:
796:pastoralists
765:
756:
705:
679:stigmatising
664:
653:
641:
624:
612:
605:, including
584:Kachhi Plain
550:Muzaffargarh
539:
499:
491:Indo-Iranian
484:
460:
456:
452:
450:
437:
433:
431:
422:
402:
400:
391:
388:
363:
358:
342:
338:
330:
319:
318:
290:
251:
192:Perso-Arabic
162:
148:Northwestern
138:Indo-Iranian
95:South Punjab
64:
40:
8099:and creoles
8081:Lahul Lohar
7960:Maharashtri
7557:Mal Paharia
7547:Kharia Thar
7189:Braj Bhasha
6325:Khalsa bole
5753:Kalasha-mun
5594:Balochistan
5203:(1): 1–25.
4915:, 7: 9-17.
4866:5 September
4549:Masica 1991
4334:Masica 1991
4298:Bhatia 2016
4209:Javaid 2004
4174:Javaid 2004
4162:Rahman 1997
4150:Rahman 1996
4138:Rahman 1995
4114:Rahman 1996
4102:Rahman 1995
4090:Wagha (1997
4086:Masica 1991
4061:Masica 1991
4033:Wagha (1997
4008:Masica 1991
3902:aiou.edu.pk
3796:Rahman 1995
3784:Rahman 1995
3735:Rahman 1995
3723:Rahman 1995
3648:Rahman 1995
3646:; see also
3477:pre-palatal
3461:Latif (2003
3325:Saraikistan
3191:TV Channel
3130:Peelay Patr
3122:Khuda Janey
3076:British Raj
3018:In academia
2133:Aspirated (
2068:'doctor' ~
2042:pre-palatal
1957:'so much'.
1623:Approximant
836:monophthong
728:Thar desert
712:Saraikistan
620:South Asian
603:Thal region
588:Balochistan
455:. However,
446:Mahabharata
305:instead of
34:dialect of
8174:Categories
8002:Apabhraṃśa
7988:Apabhraṃśa
7965:Shauraseni
7681:Bodo Parja
7666:Sambalpuri
7598:Goalpariya
7572:Tanchangya
7562:Noakhailla
7487:Bote-Darai
7298:Fiji Hindi
7267:Sadhukkadi
7238:Judeo-Urdu
7204:Hindustani
6994:Shekhawati
6936:Rajasthani
6921:Saurashtra
6646:Bhadarwahi
6476:Gawar-Bati
6016:Rajasthani
5898:Rajasthani
5728:Gawar-Bati
5703:Burushaski
5660:Burushaski
5398:18 October
5378:24 October
5156:Ethnologue
5086:818516357X
4996:1062344143
4953:21 October
4887:app.com.pk
4881:uploader.
4801:app.com.pk
4731:Wagha 1997
4632:Wagha 1997
3881:bzu.edu.pk
3860:iub.edu.pk
3610:References
3560:Wagha 1997
3489:Bahl (1936
3287:See also:
3245:PTV MULTAN
3232:روہی ٹی وی
3204:وسیب ٹی وی
3202:Waseb TV (
3171:See also:
3057:See also:
3003:Devanagari
2912:Numeration
2895:Diacritics
2713:See also:
2691:'village'
2556:'to jump'
2307:'another'
2232:'throat',
2116:Bahl (1936
2050:Bahl (1936
1961:Implosives
1943:/dɪɾ'kʰan/
1791:fricatives
1705:implosives
1072:consonants
1066:Consonants
962:Near-close
913:Near-front
894:diphthongs
748:Salt Range
586:region in
562:Bahawalpur
522:Ethnologue
487:Indo-Aryan
374:morphology
281:as of the
201:Devanagari
143:Indo-Aryan
8088:Sheikhgal
8032:languages
7997:Abahattha
7977:Paishachi
7878:Classical
7843:Maldivian
7615:Surjapuri
7581:Kamarupic
7483:Kuswaric
7345:Bhojpuric
7133:Khandeshi
6666:Chambeali
6661:Bilaspuri
6558:Mankiyali
6486:Shumashti
6481:Nangalami
6393:Kishtwari
6310:See also:
6185:(Western)
5778:Mankiyali
5322:144829301
5306:0026-749X
5257:0004-4687
5151:"Saraiki"
4948:1930-2940
4692:Bahl 1936
4680:Bahl 1936
4656:Bahl 1936
4644:Bahl 1936
4620:Bahl 1936
4566:Bahl 1936
3840:Dani 1981
3526:Bahl 1936
3230:Rohi TV (
3218:کوک ٹی وی
3216:Kook TV (
2976:Nastaʿlīq
2954:-derived
2874:Extended
2567:*kadātana
2532:'sorrow'
2511:'donkey'
2394:'tongue'
2349:'forest'
2034:underside
2022:retroflex
1920:geminated
1883:'wire' ~
1768:underside
1740:retroflex
1697:aspirated
1693:voiceless
1658:aspirated
1593:aspirated
1451:voiceless
1445:Fricative
1410:aspirated
1320:implosive
1182:aspirated
1136:voiceless
1130:Affricate
1103:Post-alv.
1098:Retroflex
1016:Near-open
923:Near-back
818:Phonology
780:Rajasthan
768:Partition
644:districts
590:province.
500:In 1919,
253:Glottolog
237:ISO 639-3
102:Ethnicity
73:Nastaʿlīq
69:Shahmukhi
8144:See also
8126:Nefamese
8121:Nagamese
8012:Kamarupi
7972:Gāndhārī
7929:Middle (
7868:Sanskrit
7806:Konkanic
7755:Marathic
7745:Marathi–
7737:Southern
7641:Rohingya
7610:Rangpuri
7588:Assamese
7552:Kurmukar
7530:dialects
7510:Kamarupa
7394:Maithili
7387:Maithili
7352:Bhojpuri
7257:Kannauji
7219:Hinglish
7199:Haryanvi
6964:Dhundari
6904:Wadiyara
6886:Jandavra
6881:Gujarati
6868:Gujarati
6790:Khetrani
6755:dialects
6711:Sirmauri
6691:Jaunsari
6681:Mandeali
6676:Pangwali
6656:Bhateali
6613:Garhwali
6572:Northern
6538:Chilisso
6414:Brokskat
6388:Kashmiri
6381:Kashmiri
6321:Derawali
6239:Awankari
6221:Shahpuri
6096:Chagatai
5979:Wadiyara
5956:Jandavra
5951:Gujarati
5886:dialects
5808:Shekhani
5718:Chilisso
5627:Khetrani
5617:Hazaragi
5574:Kashmiri
5525:national
5461:Archived
5449:Archived
5436:Archived
5275:(1976).
5173:(1991).
5097:(1919).
4765:DAWN.COM
3977:Archived
3958:Archived
3581:: 1–21.
3319:See also
3302:Founded
3197:Founded
3109:—
3007:Gurmukhi
2907:Numerals
2703:Grierson
2625:'stick'
2501:gaḍḍaha-
2460:'today'
2360:vartman-
2297:dvitiya-
2259:Saraiki
2250:Sanskrit
2209:Sanskrit
2166:Sanskrit
2151:phonemic
2143:'sit' ~
2140:/ɓʰɛ(h)/
2099:'your'.
2083:/suffix
2078:genitive
2066:/ɖakʈəɾ/
1927:stressed
1844:/ŋʰnʰmʰ/
1752:/ttʰddʰ/
1748:bilabial
1727:'foam'.
1713:/tʃʰala/
1093:Alveolar
860:is more
838:vowels.
752:Pothwari
702:Pakistan
675:Punjabis
669:by most
629:Derawali
569:Rajanpur
536:Dialects
502:Grierson
345:) is an
333:Sarā'īkī
311:Help:IPA
279:District
260:sera1259
205:Gurmukhi
153:Punjabic
85:Pakistan
71:script (
8097:Pidgins
8076:Chinali
8066:Bazigar
8060:Badeshi
7955:Magadhi
7931:Prakrit
7848:Sinhala
7836:Insular
7813:Konkani
7792:Katkari
7787:Phudagi
7767:Varhadi
7762:Marathi
7747:Konkani
7719:Bhunjia
7593:Kamrupi
7567:Sylheti
7525:Bengali
7518:Bengali
7479:Kumhali
7446:Kochila
7434:Tharuic
7425:Kurmali
7413:Sadanic
7404:Bajjika
7378:Khortha
7328:Eastern
7288:Bagheli
7276:Eastern
7233:Deccani
7209:Kauravi
7194:Bundeli
7182:Western
7174:Central
7143:Dawoodi
7138:Lambadi
7062:Bhilori
7032:Bhilali
6979:Marwari
6969:Harauti
6899:Parkari
6860:Western
6827:Kholosi
6822:Jadgali
6800:Saraiki
6750:Punjabi
6743:Eastern
6736:Punjabi
6706:Hinduri
6651:Churahi
6628:Western
6618:Kumaoni
6606:Central
6580:Eastern
6507:Kalasha
6500:Chitral
6455:Pashayi
6448:Pashayi
6424:Kalkoti
6282:Saraiki
6244:Chhachi
6216:Lubanki
6211:Jhangvi
6145:Eastern
6081:Persian
5996:Marwari
5974:Parkari
5931:Bengali
5893:Saraiki
5881:Punjabi
5866:Marwari
5861:Kabutra
5813:Torwali
5763:Kamviri
5758:Kalkoti
5708:Badeshi
5665:Dawoodi
5637:Wanetsi
5622:Jadgali
5612:Dehwari
5602:Balochi
5531:English
5265:2645700
4257:8 April
3374:Saraiki
3082:saint,
2995:Multani
2983:kiṛakkī
2885:History
2670:'knot'
2660:grantha
2615:ḍaṇḍaka
2601:'cold'
2591:stabdha
2577:'when'
2546:kūrdati
2429:rajyate
2405:jyeṣṭhā
2370:'path'
2286:'many'
2255:Prakrit
2221:English
2217:Persian
2174:anayati
2076:in the
2032:or the
2015:laminal
1955:/'itla/
1951:/it'la/
1935:/iɛaou/
1918:can be
1858:trilled
1810:/ŋɲɳnm/
1800:, only
1796:Of the
1736:palatal
1725:/dʒʰəɠ/
1721:/dʒala/
1709:/tʃala/
1683:In its
1118:Glottal
1108:Palatal
918:Central
878:/'ʈuɾe/
874:/'ʈuɾẽ/
852:/iɛaou/
776:Haryana
736:Punjabi
720:Balochi
582:and in
526:Punjabi
518:Punjabi
461:Siraiki
457:Seraiki
453:Saraiki
442:Sauvira
438:sauvīrā
405:Sirāikī
359:Multani
349:of the
343:Seraiki
339:Siraiki
326:سرائیکی
320:Saraiki
307:Unicode
209:Multani
163:Saraiki
106:Saraiki
65:Saraiki
52:سرائیکی
46:Saraiki
32:Siraiki
8030:Proto-
7986:Late (
7895:Middle
7797:Kadodi
7724:Nahari
7701:Halbic
7676:Bhatri
7636:Chakma
7542:Hajong
7508:Gauda–
7492:Danwar
7472:Others
7463:Musasa
7399:Angika
7373:Magahi
7366:Magahi
7337:Bihari
7307:Others
7283:Awadhi
7248:Rekhta
7223:Urdish
7153:Romani
7148:Domari
7126:Others
7107:Vasavi
7092:Pardhi
7072:Magari
7067:Mawchi
7057:Bauria
7047:Dhanki
7037:Chodri
7009:Nimadi
6999:Dhatki
6989:Mewari
6984:Mewati
6959:Gujari
6954:Loarki
6949:Goaria
6926:Vaghri
6847:Sindhi
6842:Memoni
6837:Luwati
6832:Kutchi
6814:Sindhi
6780:Hindko
6772:Lahnda
6716:Sarazi
6696:Kullui
6641:Kangri
6597:Nepali
6587:Doteli
6553:Tirahi
6548:Kalami
6533:Bateri
6512:Khowar
6471:Dameli
6434:Palula
6429:Ushoji
6373:Dardic
6290:Riasti
6254:Kohati
6231:Hindko
6182:Lahnda
6172:Puadhi
6167:Malwai
6076:Arabic
6036:Vaghri
6026:Sindhi
6021:Rangri
6006:Mewari
6001:Memoni
5991:Loarki
5986:Kutchi
5946:Goaria
5941:Dhatki
5903:Rangri
5871:Mewari
5856:Hindko
5838:Punjab
5828:Yidgha
5818:Ushoji
5798:Pashto
5793:Palula
5788:Ormuri
5768:Khowar
5748:Kalami
5738:Hindko
5723:Dameli
5713:Bateri
5670:Khowar
5632:Pashto
5607:Brahui
5569:Gujari
5356:
5337:
5320:
5314:311504
5312:
5304:
5263:
5255:
5224:
5181:
5083:
5030:
5011:
4994:
4984:
4946:
4917:Multan
4824:
3702:
3299:Genre
3194:Genre
3183:Multan
3136:, and
2952:Arabic
2699:Sindhi
2649:'cow'
2598:ʈʰəɖɖa
2582:-bdh-
2574:kəᶑᶑəɳ
2561:-dāt-
2553:kʊᶑᶑəɲ
2522:duḥkha
2436:rəʄʄəɲ
2328:'old'
2325:ɓuɖɖʱa
2318:vṛddhā
2097:/teᶑa/
2095:'my',
2093:/meᶑa/
1975:Sindhi
1931:length
1916:/hjɳɽ/
1895:. The
1830:, and
1798:nasals
1744:dental
1717:/ʄala/
1701:Sindhi
1695:, and
1689:voiced
1492:voiced
1228:voiced
1088:Dental
1083:Labial
842:Vowels
824:Sindhi
772:Punjab
766:After
740:Sindhi
718:- and
716:Pashto
708:Punjab
625:Jataki
558:Multan
530:Sindhi
510:Lahore
506:Lahnda
434:Sarākī
419:Sindhi
351:Lahnda
158:Lahnda
91:Region
75:style)
36:Sindhi
8131:Vedda
7903:Early
7873:Vedic
7782:Varli
7714:Kamar
7709:Halbi
7691:Kupia
7671:Desia
7458:Majhi
7451:Buksa
7441:Tharu
7420:Sadri
7314:Parya
7262:Sansi
7214:Hindi
7112:Wagdi
7102:Kalto
7097:Gamit
7052:Dubli
7027:Bhili
6974:Malvi
6944:Bagri
6894:Kachi
6890:Koli
6762:Sansi
6671:Gaddi
6636:Dogri
6592:Jumli
6543:Gowro
6464:Kunar
6409:Shina
6402:Shina
6295:Thali
6249:Ghebi
6201:Dhani
6162:Majhi
6157:Doabi
6090:Hindi
5969:Kachi
5965:Koli
5936:Bhaya
5926:Bagri
5913:Sindh
5851:Dogri
5846:Bagri
5823:Wazir
5783:Munji
5733:Gowro
5685:Wakhi
5680:Shina
5675:Purgi
5655:Balti
5564:Dogri
5318:S2CID
5310:JSTOR
5261:JSTOR
5138:(PDF)
5117:(PDF)
4932:(PDF)
4747:(PDF)
3549:form.
3497:Czech
3361:Notes
3280:Radio
3162:Media
2987:laṇḍā
2972:Naskh
2964:Sindh
2900:Hamza
2685:>
2681:grāma
2667:ɠəɳɖʰ
2664:>
2643:>
2639:gāva-
2622:ᶑəɳɖa
2619:>
2606:-ṇḍ-
2595:>
2571:>
2550:>
2537:-rd-
2529:ᶑʊkkʰ
2526:>
2508:gəᶑᶑũ
2505:>
2484:'if'
2478:>
2454:>
2444:-dy-
2433:>
2420:-jy-
2409:>
2391:ʄɪbbʰ
2388:>
2384:jihvā
2364:>
2343:>
2339:vaṇa-
2322:>
2301:>
2283:ɓəhʊ̃
2280:>
2229:ərdən
2213:Hindi
2198:>
2159:/ɓɛh/
2146:/bʰɛ/
2070:/ᶑak/
2020:The "
1939:/ɪʊə/
1912:tones
1885:/taɽ/
1881:/taɾ/
1840:/ŋnm/
1836:/ɲdʒ/
1732:velar
1628:plain
1563:plain
1365:plain
1360:Nasal
1113:Velar
935:Close
908:Front
848:/ɪʊə/
811:shift
788:Delhi
762:India
616:Jaṭṭs
595:Thali
580:Sindh
554:Leiah
440:, or
421:word
411:Sindh
368:with
341:, or
7915:Pāli
7772:Andh
7686:Reli
7661:Odia
7654:Odia
7228:Urdu
7019:Bhil
6785:Inku
6439:Sawi
6206:Inku
6031:Urdu
5961:Jogi
5803:Sawi
5543:(by
5521:Urdu
5400:2016
5380:2016
5354:ISBN
5335:ISBN
5302:ISSN
5253:ISSN
5222:ISBN
5179:ISBN
5081:ISBN
5068:help
5028:ISBN
5009:ISBN
4992:OCLC
4982:ISBN
4955:2016
4944:ISSN
4868:2020
4822:ISBN
4259:2012
4084:See
3700:ISBN
3600:link
3539:IAST
3440:for
3434:and
3428:for
3422:has
3401:and
3146:and
3088:Kafi
3080:Sufi
3005:and
2974:and
2966:the
2654:gr-
2474:yadi
2450:adya
2412:ʄeʈʰ
2399:jy-
2291:dv-
2276:bahu
2184:əɲən
2108:/ɗ̪/
2089:/ᶑa/
2085:/da/
2013:and
1891:are
1889:/fv/
1862:/ɾɾ/
1828:/ŋɡ/
1804:and
1787:/dʒ/
1785:and
1746:and
1691:and
1302:d͡ʒʱ
1210:t͡ʃʰ
1125:Stop
1043:Open
928:Back
888:and
866:back
864:and
862:open
790:and
635:and
571:and
560:and
528:and
459:and
425:siro
397:Name
8007:Elu
7861:Old
6876:Aer
5921:Aer
5294:doi
5245:doi
5205:doi
3765:doi
3583:doi
3522:/w/
3518:/ɓ/
3512:vy-
3495:of
3467:to
3158:.
2985:or
2688:ɡrã
2609:ɳɖ
2585:ɖɖ
2540:ᶑᶑ
2516:d-
2496:Pk.
2489:ḍ-
2481:dʒe
2468:dʒ
2465:y-
2457:əʄʄ
2423:ʄʄ
2367:vaʈ
2346:bən
2312:v-
2304:ɓja
2267:b-
2219:or
2194:ava
2155:/h/
2128:/ᶑ/
2124:/ʄ/
2074:/d/
2058:/ᶑ/
2054:/ɖ/
2044:or
2030:tip
2026:/ᶑ/
2009:is
2007:/ʄ/
2002:/.
1900:/ɦ/
1877:/ɽ/
1870:/d/
1868:or
1866:/t/
1854:/ɾ/
1832:/ɲ/
1824:/ŋ/
1806:/m/
1802:/n/
1783:/g/
1779:/k/
1775:/ᶑ/
1558:Tap
1288:d̪ʱ
1256:d͡ʒ
1196:t̪ʰ
1164:t͡ʃ
989:Mid
896:.
890:/ə/
886:/a/
882:/ɦ/
857:/ə/
516:of
293:IPA
244:skr
67:in
8176::
7004:Od
6323:,
6319:,
6315:,
6011:Od
5391:.
5371:.
5316:.
5308:.
5300:.
5290:11
5288:.
5259:.
5251:.
5241:37
5239:.
5201:19
5199:.
5153:.
5140:.
5125:40
5123:.
5119:.
5059::
5057:}}
5053:{{
4990:.
4940:12
4938:.
4934:.
4911:.
4885:.
4858:.
4799:.
4781:.
4763:.
4711:^
4600:^
4585:^
4556:^
4493:^
4454:^
4425:^
4275:.
4247:)"
3988:^
3940:.
3918:.
3900:.
3889:^
3879:.
3868:^
3858:.
3847:^
3759:.
3755:.
3686:^
3671:^
3596:}}
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