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herself, but she gave no information beyond what she thought of her torturers. Before she was to be transferred to
Damascus for further torture, she asked permission to return to her home in Zichron Yaakov to change her blood-stained clothes. While there, she managed to shoot herself with a pistol
263:
spy organization. Aaronsohn oversaw operations in
Palestine of the spy ring and passed information to British agents offshore. Sometimes she travelled widely through Ottoman territory collecting information useful to the British, and brought it directly to them in Egypt. In 1917, her brother
356:
Aaronsohn was the first example of a "secular, active death of a Jewish-Zionist woman for the nation, unprecedented in both religious martyrdom and in the
Zionist tradition established in Palestine." Annual pilgrimages to her tomb in Zikhron's cemetery started in 1935. After the
231:. She testified to seeing hundreds of bodies of Armenian men, women, children, and babies; sick Armenians being loaded onto trains; with the dead being tossed out and replaced by the living. After her trip to Haifa, any allusions to Armenians upset her greatly. According to
328:
as saying that Sarah pleaded with him, "For heaven's sake, put an end to my life. I beg you, kill me…I can't suffer any longer…." Instead, Dr. Yaffee administered morphine. She died on 9 October 1917. In her last letter, she expressed her hope that her activities in
316:, Aaronsohn shot herself in the mouth on Friday 5 October 1917. "Even this did not end the torment of Sarah Aaronsohn. While the bullet destroyed her mouth and severed her spinal cord, it missed her brain. For four days she lingered in agony." In
268:, expecting hostilities from Ottoman authorities; but Aaronsohn returned to Zichron Yaakov to continue Nili activities. Nili developed into the largest pro-British espionage network in the Middle East, with a network of about 40 spies.
211:
where
Aaronsohn was born. Encouraged by her brother Aaron, she studied languages and was fluent in Hebrew, Yiddish, Turkish and French, had reasonable command of Arabic and taught herself English. On 31 March 1914, she was married in
348:. However, refusing a Jewish burial for her was unpopular. As a compromise, a small fence was placed around her grave in the cemetery (symbolically removing her grave from the surrounding hallowed ground).
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792:
681:
883:
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surrounded
Zichron Yaakov and arrested numerous people, including Aaronsohn. Her captors tortured her father in front of her. She endured four days of
908:
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of 1967, the memory of
Aaronsohn and of Nili became a part of Israel's cult of heroism, officially recognized by the
203:. Her parents were Zionists from Romania who had come to Ottoman Palestine as some of the first settlers of the
17:
903:
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858:
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220:; but the marriage was an unhappy one and she returned home to Zichron Yaakov in December 1915.
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243:
678:
Aaronsohn's Maps: The Untold Story of the Man Who Might Have
Created Peace in the Middle East
664:
short text summarizing book by Dvora Omer "Sarah, Hero of Nili" or "Sarah
Aharonson, Heroine"
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to Haim
Abraham, an older and affluent merchant from Bulgaria, and lived briefly with him in
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8:
374:
362:
296:
252:
213:
133:
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Lawrence In Arabia: War, deceit, imperial folly and the making of the Modern Middle East
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139:
235:, Aaronsohn decided to assist British forces as a result of what she had witnessed.
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280:
Sarah
Aaronsohn's (right) and her mother's graves at the Zikhron cemetery in Israel
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384:
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165:
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532:"Armenian Genocide Research – The First World War : A Complete History"
251:
Aaronsohn, her sister Rivka Aaronsohn, and her brothers Aaron Aaronsohn and
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698:
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325:
321:
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204:
755:
Spies in Palestine: Love, Betrayal and the Heroic Life of Sarah Aaronsohn
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would bring nearer the realization of a national home for the Jews in
173:
276:
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The Woman Who Fought an Empire: Sarah Aaronsohn and Her Nili Spy Ring
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379:
304:
208:
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In God's Name: Genocide and Religion in the Twentieth Century
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224:
27:
Jewish spy working for the British in World War I (1890–1917)
330:
293:
260:
154:
161:
158:
827:
Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia,
308:
concealed under a tile in the bathroom. According to
179:. She is often referred to as the "heroine of Nili."
292:
carrying a message to the British and decrypted the
264:
Alexander urged her to remain in British-controlled
651:(First ed.). New York & Canada: Doubleday.
153:; 5 January 1890 – 9 October 1917) was a member of
644:
344:, Aaronsohn was denied a traditional burial in a
840:
501:
499:
712:A Spy For Freedom: The Story of Sarah Aaronsohn
603:Historical dictionary of Israeli intelligence
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884:Suicides by firearm in Mandatory Palestine
505:
454:"Sarah Aaronsohn – Jewish Women's Archive"
255:, with their friend (and fiancé of Rivka)
42:
448:
446:
444:
442:
365:and celebrated in children's literature.
909:World War I spies for the United Kingdom
642:
625:. Berkeley: Counterpoint Press, p. 175.
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242:
238:
186:
14:
841:
439:
415:
271:
864:Ashkenazi Jews from Ottoman Palestine
662:https://www.ithl.org.il/page_14448%7C
510:. Berghahn Books. pp. 274–275.
506:Bartov, Omer; Mack, Phyllis (2001).
24:
894:Witnesses of the Armenian genocide
778:(2005, Weidenfeld & Nicolson)
671:
227:, Aaronsohn witnessed part of the
25:
925:
874:People of Romanian-Jewish descent
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199:, which at the time was part of
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818:Sarah Aaronsohn (izkor.gov.il)
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247:Feinberg and Aaronsohn in 1916
191:Aaronsohn with Abraham in 1914
13:
1:
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761:(2016, Counterpoint Press)
583:The Banality of Indifference
223:On her way from Istanbul to
195:Sarah Aaronsohn was born in
182:
7:
879:People from Zikhron Ya'akov
605:. Scarecrow Press. p. xix.
368:
10:
930:
899:Women in war in West Asia
739:(1959, The Hogarth Press)
585:. Routledge. pp. 179–80.
425:. Boston: Little, Brown.
351:
207:and were founders of the
121:
113:
105:
79:
50:
41:
34:
643:Anderson, Scott (2013).
601:Kahana, Ephraim (2006).
324:quotes the diary of Dr.
829:Jewish Women's Archive)
744:Sarah, the Hero of Nili
722:(1984, Lodestar Books)
684:(2007, Harcourt Inc.)
342:Jewish views on suicide
284:In September 1917, the
821:Prof. Billie Melman,
795:(2018, Potomac Books)
701:(1989, Little, Brown)
621:Srodes, James (2016).
281:
248:
192:
483:www.danielabraham.net
279:
246:
239:Pro-British espionage
190:
904:Women in World War I
869:Female wartime spies
834:MyJewishLearning.com
581:Auron, Yair (2001).
562:www.think-israel.org
538:on 28 September 2007
793:Gregory J. Wallance
375:Balfour Declaration
272:Torture and suicide
259:formed and led the
253:Alexander Aaronsohn
134:Alexander Aaronsohn
859:20th-century spies
682:Patricia Goldstone
623:Spies in Palestine
318:Spies in Palestine
314:Lawrence in Arabia
299:. In October, the
282:
249:
193:
172:, and a sister of
914:Zionist activists
690:978-0-15-101169-8
397:978-965-482-889-5
391:, 2009 (Hebrew).
257:Avshalom Feinberg
229:Armenian genocide
148:
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140:Avshalom Feinberg
16:(Redirected from
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695:Heroes of Israel
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534:. Archived from
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422:Heroes of Israel
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389:Nava Macmel-Atir
288:intercepted her
164:working for the
142:(brother in-law)
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823:Sarah Aaronsohn
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772:A Strange Death
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672:Further reading
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346:Jewish cemetery
340:Because of the
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177:Aaron Aaronsohn
151:Sarah Aaronsohn
128:Aaron Aaronsohn
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91:Zikhron Ya'akov
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83:October 9, 1917
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65:Zikhron Ya'akov
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61:January 5, 1890
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36:Sarah Aaronsohn
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807:External links
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804:
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801:978-1612349435
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769:
767:978-1619026131
752:
751:(1967; Hebrew)
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733:The Nili Spies
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666:
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635:
631:978-1619026131
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611:978-0810855816
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591:978-0765808813
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558:"Think-Israel"
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479:"Haim Abraham"
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385:Ot me-Avshalom
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312:, in his book
310:Scott Anderson
290:carrier pigeon
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197:Zichron Yaakov
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95:Haifa District
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87:(aged 27)
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69:Haifa District
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699:Chaim Herzog
694:
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582:
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565:. Retrieved
561:
552:
540:. Retrieved
536:the original
526:
507:
486:. Retrieved
482:
473:
461:. Retrieved
457:
421:
411:
355:
339:
335:Eretz Israel
326:Hillel Yaffe
322:James Srodes
317:
313:
283:
250:
233:Chaim Herzog
222:
205:First Aliyah
194:
157:, a ring of
150:
149:
85:(1917-10-09)
29:
849:1890 births
816:שרה אהרנסון
813:(in Hebrew)
737:Anita Engle
488:12 December
363:Labor Party
359:Six-Day War
170:World War I
106:Nationality
843:Categories
749:Dvora Omer
403:References
174:agronomist
114:Occupation
57:1890-01-05
716:Ida Cowan
567:5 October
542:5 October
463:5 October
183:Biography
136:(brother)
130:(brother)
419:(1989).
369:See also
301:Ottomans
286:Ottomans
218:Istanbul
458:jwa.org
380:Zionism
305:torture
209:moshava
166:British
109:Ottoman
799:
782:
765:
726:
705:
688:
629:
609:
589:
514:
429:
395:
352:Legacy
159:Jewish
122:Family
266:Egypt
225:Haifa
214:Atlit
162:spies
797:ISBN
780:ISBN
763:ISBN
724:ISBN
718:and
703:ISBN
686:ISBN
627:ISBN
607:ISBN
587:ISBN
569:2017
544:2017
512:ISBN
490:2020
465:2017
427:ISBN
393:ISBN
331:Nili
297:code
294:Nili
261:Nili
155:Nili
80:Died
51:Born
791:by
774:by
757:by
747:by
735:by
714:by
697:by
680:by
387:by
168:in
117:Spy
845::
560:.
498:^
481:.
456:.
441:^
337:.
320:,
97:,
93:,
71:,
67:,
825:(
633:.
571:.
546:.
520:.
492:.
467:.
435:.
59:)
55:(
20:)
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