525:
22:
475:
311:
493:. Wisconsin is one of the five states that produce nearly 2/3 of the nation's silica. As of 2009, Wisconsin, along with other northern states, is facing an industrial mining boom, being dubbed the "sand rush" because of the new demand from large oil companies for silica sand. According to Minnesota Public Radio, "One of the industry's major players, U.S. Silica, says its sand sales tied to hydraulic fracturing nearly doubled to $ 70 million from 2009 to 2010 and brought in nearly $ 70 million in
294:) to supply the expanding Sydney building market. It continued until 1990 with an estimate of over 70 million tonnes of sand having been removed. The sand has been valued for many decades by the building industry, mainly because of its high crushed shell content and lack of organic matter, it has provided a cheap source of sand for most of Sydney since sand mining operations began. The site has now been reduced to a few remnant dunes and deep water-filled pits which are now being filled with
30:
464:
2600:
218:
330:) provides a case study in the environmental consequences on a fragile sandy-soil based ecosystem, justified by the provision of low wage casual labor on an island with few other work options. The Labor state government pledged to end sand mining by 2025, but this decision was overturned by the LNP government which succeeded it. This decision has been subject to an allegation of corrupt conduct.
617:
509:. According to the WDNR (2012) these issues include noise, lights, hours of operation, damage and excessive wear to roads from trucking traffic, public safety concerns from the volume of truck traffic, possible damage and annoyance resulting from blasting, and concerns regarding aesthetics and land use changes.
454:
The current size of the sand mining market in the United States is slightly over a billion dollars per year. The industry has been growing by nearly 10% annually since 2005 because of its use in hydrocarbon extraction. The majority of the market size for mining is held by Texas and
Illinois.
627:
1162:
298:
from Sydney's building sites. Removal of the sand has significantly weakened the peninsula's capacity to resist storms. Ocean waves pounding against the reduced
Kurnell dune system have threatened to break through to
1072:
1260:
1102:
1023:
1188:
200:
to dissipate. Sand mining is regulated by law in many places, but is often done illegally. Globally, it is a $ 70 billion industry, with sand selling at up to $ 90 per cubic yard.
1137:
501:(WDNR), there are currently 34 active mines and 25 mines in development in Wisconsin. In 2012, the WDNR released a final report on the silica sand mining in Wisconsin titled
352:
Sand mining contributes to the construction of buildings and development. The negative effects of sand mining include the permanent loss of sand in areas, as well as major
1630:
1453:
800:
1083:
843:
1076:
303:, especially during the storms of May and June back in 1974 and of August 1998. Sand Mining also takes place in the Stockton sand dunes north of Newcastle and in the
1282:
891:
559:
expelled or detained nearly 4,000 Chinese sand dredging vessels. Illegal sand dredging by
Chinese vessels causes environmental damage in Taiwan as well as the
196:
Removal of physical coastal barriers, such as dunes, sometimes leads to flooding of beachside communities, and the destruction of picturesque beaches causes
1304:
1268:
442:
Activists and local villagers have protested against sand mining on Sierra Leone's
Western Area Peninsula. The activity is contributing to Sierra Leone's
1112:
953:
1031:
489:
Silica sand mining business has more than doubled since 2009 because of the need for this particular type of sand, which is used in a process known as
658:
1198:
505:. The recent boom in silica sand mining has caused concern from residents in Wisconsin that include quality of life issues and the threat of
1426:
1147:
1494:
1399:
533:
258:
leading to full or partial disappearance of the beach. In India, illegal sand mining is the country's largest organized criminal activity.
1537:
341:. The Maribyrnong Sand Company was set up in the early 20th century to transport the sand by barge downriver to the industrial areas of
498:
973:
100:. Sand can replace eroded coastline. Some uses require higher purity than others; for example sand used in concrete must be free of
931:
2629:
917:
406:
also presented the issue of sand mining as a major international threat to coastal biodiversity at the
Conference of Parties 11,
1571:
277:
698:
1087:
847:
717:
1322:
548:, or quarried in dry river beds. Due to the large demand for sand for construction, illicit sand mining is not uncommon.
1119:
407:
2453:
1220:
2077:
582:
577:
430:, on 16 March 2015. It is widely alleged that the death was not due to suicide but caused by the mafia involved in
743:
1530:
1308:
403:
1594:
415:
1348:
524:
2146:
1981:
1485:
1234:
2470:
1054:
632:
327:
2603:
2487:
2431:
1523:
552:
391:
2018:
1374:
597:
482:
680:
370:
Sand mining is an environmental problem in India. Environmentalists have raised public awareness of
2003:
283:
2634:
2178:
2067:
1501:
870:
1510:
Sand has by now become the most widely consumed natural resource on the planet after fresh water
879:
Sand has by now become the most widely consumed natural resource on the planet after fresh water
333:
From the 1850s to the early 20th century, sand was mined from the tall, cliff-like banks of the
2581:
2424:
2296:
240:
2378:
2373:
2168:
2109:
592:
154:
is used, whereby flowing water separates the grains based on their size, shape, and density.
422:
state, who was well known for his tough crackdown on the rampant illegal sand mining in the
21:
2624:
2572:
2544:
2509:
2436:
2236:
2173:
1991:
1812:
512:
As of 2013, industrial frac sand mining has become a cause for activism, especially in the
490:
474:
365:
346:
8:
2567:
2475:
2463:
2353:
2306:
2114:
2037:
1763:
1554:
353:
342:
273:
226:
939:
774:
310:
2577:
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2338:
1924:
1829:
1584:
1193:
1142:
1107:
664:
587:
478:
243:
998:
235:
or unauthorised or illegal sand mining leads to a generally unknown global example of
161:, and impacts the local wildlife. Various animals depend on sandy beaches for nesting
2549:
2013:
1919:
1892:
1739:
1689:
1625:
1579:
828:
805:
622:
395:
334:
2499:
2458:
2441:
2328:
2226:
1758:
1662:
1546:
541:
529:
468:
387:
314:
Sand being loaded onto a barge on the
Maribyrnong River, Essendon West, around 1910
295:
236:
2516:
2482:
2368:
2348:
2258:
1907:
1873:
1807:
1604:
1589:
1489:
443:
2557:
2504:
2414:
2333:
2318:
2313:
2265:
2153:
1949:
1897:
1880:
1714:
513:
423:
379:
247:
1024:"Illegal mining flourishes in Madhya Pradesh, even after IPS officer's murder"
751:
2639:
2618:
2521:
2358:
2248:
2205:
1986:
1863:
1749:
1699:
1563:
431:
162:
93:
458:
2323:
2281:
2057:
2008:
1944:
1800:
1704:
958:
287:
97:
29:
1073:"Collusion of Officials with Beach Sand Miners Revealed in Internal Repor"
954:"Queensland sandmining: Corruption watchdog asked to investigate donation"
2419:
2363:
2185:
2163:
2158:
2025:
1902:
1868:
1744:
1667:
572:
560:
375:
304:
222:
151:
136:
1454:"Satellites Show Scale of Suspected Illegal Dredging in South China Sea"
540:
Much sand is extracted by dredges from the bottom of rivers such as the
2526:
2343:
2301:
2243:
2212:
1851:
1783:
1721:
1694:
1657:
411:
371:
319:
300:
232:
210:
170:
69:
1323:"Industrial Sand Mining Industry: Statistics, Forecasts, Company Data"
1261:"IAS officer who took on sand mafia found dead in Bengaluru residence"
1180:
2409:
2291:
2099:
2094:
2072:
1961:
1954:
1773:
1768:
1675:
1652:
678:
506:
463:
427:
419:
338:
323:
291:
178:
132:
124:
1515:
1427:"Illegal Offshore Sand Mining Around Taiwan Destroys Ocean Habitats"
150:
are quite often found in ordinary sand deposits. A process known as
2536:
2104:
2030:
1971:
1966:
1914:
1824:
1795:
1788:
1778:
1709:
1683:
1679:
1671:
186:
140:
120:
112:
101:
77:
73:
65:
45:
1283:"IAS Officer, Who Took on the Sand Mafia, Found Dead in Bengaluru"
2404:
2200:
2195:
2141:
2047:
1976:
1819:
1620:
801:"Shrinking Shores: Florida sand shortage leaves beaches in lurch"
197:
190:
166:
158:
147:
1482:
516:
of southeast
Minnesota, northeast Iowa and southwest Wisconsin.
2253:
2218:
2042:
1998:
1846:
1644:
1052:
556:
545:
399:
217:
128:
116:
108:
53:
2286:
2126:
2052:
1839:
1505:
1400:"Taiwan expels thousands of Chinese dredgers from its waters"
892:"Sand Is in Such High Demand, People Are Stealing Tons of It"
874:
349:, for use in the production of glass, concrete and ceramics.
255:
182:
174:
57:
2231:
2087:
2082:
2062:
1936:
1887:
1731:
679:
Marco
Hernandez; Simon Scarr; Katy Daigle (February 2021).
251:
89:
85:
61:
41:
999:"MARIBYRNONG SAND COMPANY JETTY AND TRAMWAY LOADING CHUTE"
2190:
1834:
459:
Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and
Florida
383:
229:, forbidding the removal of sand and stones from a beach.
81:
72:. Sand is often used in manufacturing, for example as an
250:. Beach theft is illegal removal of large quantities of
932:"Victorian sand mining moves closer to full production"
485:, Wisconsin with a large looped track with 3 rail lines
127:. Besides these minerals, beach sand may also contain
659:"$ 75-Million Industry Park Planned for L.I. Sandpit"
177:. Disturbance of underwater and coastal sand causes
1081:
1070:
844:"Illegal Sand Mining is a Thing and it's a Problem"
820:
25:
1452:
772:
657:
181:in the water, which is harmful for organisms like
1221:"Effects of Sand mining in coastal bio diversity"
841:
618:"Sandpit Owners Ordered to Take Corrective Steps"
119:, which contain the industrially useful elements
2616:
1375:"Crackdown planned on illegal river sand mining"
446:, which is proceeding at up to 6 meters a year.
1307:. Enviro-News.com. 30 July 2012. Archived from
165:, and mining has led to the near extinction of
868:
799:Mills, Ryan; Staats, Eric (17 November 2016).
107:Sand mining presents opportunities to extract
1531:
681:"The messy business of sand mining explained"
626:. 15 July 1969. p. OC–A1. Archived from
398:seeking a ban on mining activities along the
1100:
974:"Afton Street Conservation Park Master Plan"
826:
402:. Awaaz Foundation, in partnership with the
1305:"Unsustainable Sand Mining in Sierra Leone"
798:
715:
282:In the 1940 mining operations began on the
1538:
1524:
1346:
1055:"Sand mafias silence journalists in India"
1372:
744:"Opposition to sand mining on Stradbroke"
741:
499:Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
1499:
1189:"HC bans sand mining across Maharashtra"
523:
473:
462:
309:
216:
28:
20:
1101:Rajadhyaksha, Radha (10 January 2010).
1053:Marion Guégan; Cécile Schilis-Gallego.
655:
246:problem comparable in extent to global
193:, financially harming their operators.
2617:
1495:Exposes Cops-sand mafia nexus in India
1424:
1258:
846:. Global Risk Insights. Archived from
318:A large and long-running sand mine in
278:Cronulla sand dunes, Kurnell Peninsula
33:Artificial lake with frac sand dredger
1545:
1519:
1223:. Convention on Biological Diversity.
1135:
716:Ravishankar, Sandhya (20 June 2019).
656:Lubasch, Arnold H. (8 October 1967).
426:, was found dead at his residence in
386:. Conservation and environmental NGO
307:region in the far west of the state.
16:Practice that is used to extract sand
1186:
1160:
1117:
1103:"No attacker brought to book so far"
1082:Sandhya Ravishankar (20 June 2019).
1071:Sandhya Ravishankar (20 June 2019).
1349:"MPR News Primer: Frac sand mining"
1138:"NCP leader waves gun at tehsildar"
842:Christian Hellwig (19 April 2015).
779:City of Kingston Historical Website
13:
1502:"Building an economy on quicksand"
1450:
871:"Building an economy on quicksand"
408:Convention on Biological Diversity
14:
2651:
1500:Villioth, Jakob (5 August 2014).
1476:
1259:Mondal, Sudipto (17 March 2015).
1084:"Minung the Coasts of Tamil Nadu"
718:"Mining The Coasts of Tamil Nadu"
382:, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and
203:
157:Sand mining is a direct cause of
2599:
2598:
1425:Jensen, Sally (September 2020).
869:Jakob Villioth (5 August 2014).
829:"The Deadly Global War for Sand"
742:Ratcliffe, Ruth (9 April 1997).
583:Heavy mineral sands ore deposits
578:Environmental issues with mining
449:
209:This section is an excerpt from
1444:
1418:
1392:
1366:
1340:
1315:
1297:
1252:
1227:
1213:
1163:"Sand mining issue haunts Naik"
1120:"Creeks and rivers up for sale"
1094:
1046:
1016:
991:
966:
946:
924:
918:"Kurnell – A Pictorial History"
910:
884:
862:
835:
528:A sand mining operation in the
503:Silica Sand Mining in Wisconsin
437:
2630:Environmental impact of mining
827:Vince Beiser (26 March 2015).
792:
766:
735:
709:
691:
672:
649:
610:
555:of the neighboring country of
404:Bombay Natural History Society
1:
1187:Viju, B (25 September 2010).
1136:Singh, Vijay (3 April 2012).
603:
416:Indian Administrative Service
410:, Hyderabad in October 2012.
262:
1564:Pollution / quality
267:
7:
1483:Kiwis Against Seabed Mining
1161:Viju, B (27 October 2009).
1003:Victorian Heritage Database
773:Graham J Whitehead (2004).
566:
497:of 2011." According to the
10:
2656:
699:"Battle lines in the sand"
553:Coast Guard Administration
495:just the first nine months
392:public interest litigation
363:
337:, in what is now suburban
271:
208:
2594:
2535:
2400:
2393:
2274:
2135:Types / location
2134:
2125:
1935:
1730:
1643:
1613:
1562:
1553:
1373:Xu Jingxi (August 2012).
1347:Paul Tosto (March 2012).
1118:Viju, B (24 March 2011).
703:The Sydney Morning Herald
598:Sand mining in Tamil Nadu
88:roads usually mixed with
1239:India Environment Portal
519:
359:
328:North Stradbroke Island
1488:2 October 2008 at the
1030:. 2012. Archived from
537:
486:
471:
467:Frac sand facility in
315:
230:
189:. It can also destroy
34:
26:
1285:. NDTV. 16 March 2015
633:Subscription required
593:Sand mining in Kerala
527:
477:
466:
313:
220:
80:. It is also used on
40:is the extraction of
32:
24:
2510:remnant natural area
2147:storage and recovery
1813:habitat conservation
1631:Deforestation (REDD)
1115:on 31 December 2013.
1090:on 25 November 2020.
1059:forbiddenstories.org
936:ABC Western Victoria
491:hydraulic fracturing
366:Sand mining in India
290:'s landing place in
96:temperature, on the
44:, mainly through an
2464:Earth Overshoot Day
2038:Marine conservation
2019:non-timber products
1150:on 31 December 2013
754:on 3 September 2012
372:illegal sand mining
354:habitat destruction
274:Mining in Australia
2449:Ecosystem services
1572:Ambient standards
1431:The Oxygen Project
1201:on 3 November 2012
1194:The Times of India
1167:The Times of India
1143:The Times of India
1124:The Times of India
1108:The Times of India
705:. 2 November 2005.
665:The New York Times
588:Resource depletion
538:
487:
472:
316:
244:resource depletion
231:
35:
27:
2612:
2611:
2590:
2589:
2389:
2388:
2068:genetic resources
2004:genetic resources
1639:
1638:
1547:Natural resources
1406:. 25 January 2021
1404:The Straits Times
1311:on 1 August 2012.
1079:on 10 March 2021.
1034:on 7 October 2012
850:on 5 January 2019
806:Naples Daily News
748:Green Left Weekly
623:Los Angeles Times
434:and sand mining.
396:Bombay High Court
374:in the states of
335:Maribyrnong River
284:Kurnell Peninsula
2647:
2602:
2601:
2553:
2500:Natural heritage
2459:overexploitation
2398:
2397:
2132:
2131:
2078:herbal medicines
2058:FAO Plant Treaty
1598:
1575:
1560:
1559:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1271:on 17 March 2015
1267:. Archived from
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1197:. Archived from
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1146:. Archived from
1134:
1132:
1130:
1116:
1111:. Archived from
1098:
1092:
1091:
1086:. Archived from
1080:
1075:. Archived from
1069:
1067:
1065:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
970:
964:
963:
950:
944:
943:
938:. Archived from
928:
922:
921:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
888:
882:
881:
866:
860:
859:
857:
855:
839:
833:
832:
824:
818:
817:
815:
813:
796:
790:
789:
787:
785:
770:
764:
763:
761:
759:
750:. Archived from
739:
733:
732:
730:
728:
713:
707:
706:
695:
689:
688:
676:
670:
669:
661:
653:
647:
646:
644:
642:
637:on 7 August 2009
636:
614:
469:Blair, Wisconsin
388:Awaaz Foundation
296:demolition waste
52:) but sometimes
2655:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2586:
2551:
2531:
2517:Systems ecology
2483:Natural capital
2385:
2270:
2259:reclaimed water
2121:
2083:UPOV Convention
1931:
1726:
1635:
1609:
1605:Ozone depletion
1596:
1573:
1549:
1544:
1490:Wayback Machine
1479:
1474:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1265:Hindustan Times
1257:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1153:
1151:
1128:
1126:
1099:
1095:
1063:
1061:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
997:
996:
992:
982:
980:
978:mvcc.vic.gov.au
972:
971:
967:
962:. 24 June 2014.
952:
951:
947:
942:on 27 May 2006.
930:
929:
925:
916:
915:
911:
901:
899:
890:
889:
885:
867:
863:
853:
851:
840:
836:
825:
821:
811:
809:
797:
793:
783:
781:
771:
767:
757:
755:
740:
736:
726:
724:
714:
710:
697:
696:
692:
677:
673:
654:
650:
640:
638:
630:
616:
615:
611:
606:
569:
522:
483:Town of Oakdale
461:
452:
444:coastal erosion
440:
418:officer of the
368:
362:
280:
270:
265:
260:
259:
214:
206:
92:, to lower the
68:from ocean and
17:
12:
11:
5:
2653:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2635:Surface mining
2632:
2627:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2552:(perpetuation)
2547:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2505:Nature reserve
2502:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2401:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2176:
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2339:Conservation
2282:Desalination
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2110:conservation
1945:Biodiversity
1893:conservation
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1740:Agricultural
1668:Fossil fuels
1509:
1462:. Retrieved
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1434:. Retrieved
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628:the original
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551:In 2020 the
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438:Sierra Leone
400:Konkan coast
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288:Captain Cook
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2625:Sand mining
2573:Nationalism
2545:Common-pool
2186:Hydrosphere
2179:remediation
2164:Groundwater
1759:Degradation
1379:China Daily
573:Beach theft
561:Philippines
376:Maharashtra
305:Broken Hill
223:County Mayo
171:crocodilian
152:elutriation
137:sillimanite
104:fragments.
60:and inland
38:Sand mining
2619:Categories
2568:Extraction
2527:Wilderness
2488:accounting
2471:Management
2437:ecological
2425:tragedy of
2344:Peak water
2329:Efficiency
2302:Sanitation
2244:Stormwater
2237:harvesting
2213:Irrigation
2115:management
2073:gene banks
2014:management
1992:management
1908:resilience
1874:phosphorus
1830:industrial
1808:Management
1784:soundscape
1690:Geothermal
1464:29 January
1436:29 January
1410:29 January
1384:16 January
1358:16 January
1332:16 January
1244:16 January
1064:16 January
1038:16 January
902:4 February
812:3 November
784:16 January
604:References
412:D. K. Ravi
364:See also:
347:Yarraville
320:Queensland
301:Botany Bay
272:See also:
263:By country
233:Sand theft
211:Sand theft
185:that need
70:river beds
2578:Renewable
2563:Depletion
2550:Conflict
2432:Economics
2410:enclosure
2369:Resources
2349:Pollution
2266:Watershed
2169:pollution
2100:Seed bank
2095:Rangeland
1977:Fisheries
1962:Biosphere
1955:biopiracy
1898:fertility
1774:cityscape
1769:Landscape
1676:peak coal
1663:Resources
1614:Emissions
854:6 January
542:Red River
530:Red River
507:silicosis
479:Frac sand
428:Bengaluru
420:Karnataka
343:Footscray
339:Melbourne
324:Australia
292:Australia
268:Australia
191:fisheries
179:turbidity
133:leucoxene
125:zirconium
2604:Category
2537:Resource
2476:adaptive
2374:improved
2334:Conflict
2319:Security
2314:Scarcity
2307:improved
2297:Leaching
2174:recharge
2154:Drinking
2105:Wildlife
1972:Bushmeat
1967:Bushfood
1920:planning
1825:gemstone
1820:Minerals
1801:property
1789:viewshed
1779:seascape
1710:sunlight
1684:peak oil
1680:peak gas
1486:Archived
1353:MPR News
1289:16 March
1275:17 March
1205:22 April
1172:22 April
1154:22 April
1129:22 April
1028:NDTV.com
831:. wired.
758:20 March
727:20 March
722:The Lede
567:See also
536:, Yunnan
390:filed a
221:Sign in
187:sunlight
167:gharials
163:clutches
148:minerals
141:monazite
121:titanium
113:ilmenite
102:seashell
78:concrete
74:abrasive
50:sand pit
46:open pit
2405:Commons
2394:Related
2359:Quality
2275:Aspects
2201:glacial
2142:Aquifer
2048:Pasture
1999:Forests
1925:reserve
1700:Nuclear
1670: (
1626:Trading
1621:Airshed
1008:13 July
983:13 July
685:Reuters
394:in the
254:from a
237:natural
227:Ireland
198:tourism
159:erosion
66:dredged
58:beaches
2415:global
2379:policy
2324:Supply
2287:Floods
2254:Sewage
2227:Marine
2219:huerta
2053:Plants
2043:Meadow
1903:health
1881:rights
1869:copper
1847:mining
1745:arable
1645:Energy
1585:Indoor
1459:Forbes
1235:"Sand"
557:Taiwan
546:Yunnan
146:These
139:, and
129:garnet
117:zircon
115:, and
109:rutile
76:or in
2558:Curse
2364:Right
2206:polar
2196:bergs
2159:Fresh
2127:Water
1840:metal
1764:Field
1715:shade
1705:Solar
1695:Hydro
1580:Index
1506:ejolt
875:ejolt
532:, in
520:China
414:, an
360:India
256:beach
183:coral
175:India
173:) in
86:snowy
62:dunes
56:from
54:mined
2640:Sand
2493:good
2442:land
2420:land
2232:Rain
2088:wood
2063:food
2026:Game
1937:Life
1888:Soil
1864:peak
1857:sand
1732:Land
1722:Wind
1597:(US)
1574:(US)
1466:2021
1438:2021
1412:2021
1386:2023
1360:2023
1334:2023
1291:2015
1277:2015
1246:2023
1207:2013
1174:2013
1156:2013
1131:2013
1066:2023
1040:2023
1010:2024
985:2024
904:2022
856:2017
814:2017
786:2023
760:2021
729:2021
643:2020
345:and
326:(on
276:and
252:sand
239:and
123:and
90:salt
84:and
48:(or
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2292:Law
2191:Ice
2031:law
2009:law
1987:law
1915:Use
1852:law
1835:ore
1796:Law
1672:gas
1658:Law
1653:Bio
1590:Law
1555:Air
544:in
384:Goa
82:icy
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