803:
862:
1054:
1093:
1081:
1066:
764:
which show this characteristic. However, some zircons from Sri Lanka display only weak or no birefringence at all, and some other Sri Lanka stones may show clear birefringence in one place and little or none in another part of the same cut stone. Other gemstones also display birefringence, so while the presence of this characteristic may help distinguish a given zircon from a diamond or a CZ, it will not help distinguish it from, for example, a
553:
713:
598:. Zircon is fairly hard (with a Mohs hardness of 7.5) and chemically stable, and so is highly resistant to weathering. It also is resistant to heat, so that detrital zircon grains are sometimes preserved in igneous rocks formed from melted sediments. Its resistance to weathering, together with its relatively high specific gravity (4.68), make it an important component of the heavy mineral fraction of sandstones.
365:
38:
1042:
634:
705:
901:, and U+Th/He techniques. Imaging the cathodoluminescence emission from fast electrons can be used as a prescreening tool for high-resolution secondary-ion-mass spectrometry (SIMS) to image the zonation pattern and identify regions of interest for isotope analysis. This is done using an integrated cathodoluminescence and scanning electron microscope.
613:. Connected to internal radiation damage, these processes partially disrupt the crystal structure and partly explain the highly variable properties of zircon. As zircon becomes more and more modified by internal radiation damage, the density decreases, the crystal structure is compromised, and the color changes.
782:
The value of a zircon gem depends largely on its color, clarity, and size. Prior to World War II, blue zircons (the most valuable color) were available from many gemstone suppliers in sizes between 15 and 25 carats; since then, stones even as large as 10 carats have become very scarce, especially in
763:
which, on stones cut with a table and pavilion cuts (i.e., nearly all cut stones), can be seen as the apparent doubling-up of the latter when viewed through the former, and this characteristic can be used to distinguish them from diamonds and cubic zirconias (CZ) as well as soda-lime glass, none of
616:
Zircon occurs in many colors, including reddish brown, yellow, green, blue, gray, and colorless. The color of zircons can sometimes be changed by heat treatment. Common brown zircons can be transformed into colorless and blue zircons by heating to 800 to 1,000 °C (1,470 to 1,830 °F). In
939:
compositions of some of these zircons have been interpreted to indicate that more than 4.3 billion years ago there was already liquid water on the surface of the Earth. This interpretation is supported by additional trace element data, but is also the subject of debate. In 2015, "remains of
1952:
Van
Westrenen, Wim; Frank, Mark R.; Hanchar, John M.; Fei, Yingwei; Finch, Robert J.; Zha, Chang-Sheng (January 2004). "In situ determination of the compressibility of synthetic pure zircon (ZrSiO4) and the onset of the zircon-reidite phase transition".
624:
Structurally, zircon consists of parallel chains of alternating silica tetrahedra (silicon ions in fourfold coordination with oxygen ions) and zirconium ions, with the large zirconium ions in eightfold coordination with oxygen ions.
2470:
Valley, JW; Cavosie, AJ; Ushikobo, T; Reinhardt; Lawrence, DF; Larson, DJ; Clifton, PH; Kelly, TF; Wilde, SA; Moser, DE; Spicuzza, MJ (2014). "Hadean age for a post-magma-ocean zircon confirmed by atom-probe tomography".
2350:
Ushikubo, Takayuki; Kita, Noriko T.; Cavosie, Aaron J.; Wilde, Simon A.; Rudnick, Roberta L.; Valley, John W. (2008). "Lithium in Jack Hills zircons: Evidence for extensive weathering of Earth's earliest crust".
818:
igneous rocks. Due to its hardness, durability and chemical inertness, zircon persists in sedimentary deposits and is a common constituent of most sands. Zircon can occasionally be found as a trace mineral in
2057:
2186:
Wilde, Simon A.; Valley, John W.; Peck, William H.; Graham, Colin M. (2001). "Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago".
1352:"Correlating planar microstructures in shocked zircon from the Vredefort Dome at multiple scales: Crystallographic modeling, external and internal imaging, and EBSD structural analysis"
1671:
Garver, John I.; Kamp, Peter J.J. (2002). "Integration of zircon color and zircon fission-track zonation patterns in orogenic belts: Application to the
Southern Alps, New Zealand".
2435:
Cavosie, A.J.; Valley, J.W.; Wilde, S.A. (2005). "Magmatic ÎŽO in 4400â3900 Ma detrital zircons: A record of the alteration and recycling of crust in the Early
Archean".
2237:
Mojzsis, Stephen J.; Harrison, T. Mark; Pidgeon, Robert T. (2001). "Oxygen-isotope evidence from ancient zircons for liquid water at the Earth's surface 4,300 Myr ago".
617:
geological settings, the development of pink, red, and purple zircon occurs after hundreds of millions of years, if the crystal has sufficient trace elements to produce
752:(8-8.5). Zircons may sometimes lose their inherent color after long exposure to bright sunlight, which is unusual in a gemstone. It is immune to acid attack except by
1436:
2400:
Nemchin, A.; Pidgeon, R.; Whitehouse, M. (2006). "Re-evaluation of the origin and evolution of >4.2 Ga zircons from the Jack Hills metasedimentary rocks".
2502:
2064:
2021:
775:. If a zircon is cut with this axis perpendicular to its table, birefringence may be reduced to undetectable levels unless viewed with a jeweler's
786:
Synthetic zircons have been created in laboratories. They are occasionally used in jewellery such as earrings. Zircons are sometimes imitated by
2851:
2953:
1351:
2943:
2081:
621:. Color in this red or pink series is annealed in geological conditions above temperatures of around 400 °C (752 °F).
885:
up to 1 wt%) and can be dated using several modern analytical techniques. Because zircons can survive geologic processes like
671:
and zirconium chemicals, including in nuclear fuel rods, catalytic fuel converters and in water and air purification systems.
1492:
645:, and has been known to be used in the decorative ceramics industry. It is also the principal precursor not only to metallic
944:" were found in 4.1-billion-year-old rocks in the Jack Hills of Western Australia. According to one of the researchers, "If
4021:
3241:
2315:
Valley, JW; Lackey, JS; Cavosie, AJ (2005). "4.4 billion years of crustal maturation: Oxygen isotopes in magmatic zircon".
768:
gemstone. The high specific gravity of zircon, however, can usually separate it from any other gem and is simple to test.
2995:
1810:
1587:"Computer modeling of Zircon (ZrSiO4)âCoffinite (USiO4) solid solutions and lead incorporation: Geological implications"
1745:
1254:
2810:
G. Vavra (1990). "On the kinematics of zircon growth and its petrogenetic significance: a cathodoluminescence study".
1092:
2631:
1878:
1610:
1564:
1334:
587:
rocks is about 0.1â0.3 mm (0.0039â0.0118 in), but they can also grow to sizes of several cm, especially in
667:
Other applications include use in refractories and foundry casting and a growing array of specialty applications as
2619:
1927:
1246:
1142:
831:
104:
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Australia leads the world in zircon mining, producing 37% of the world total and accounting for 40% of world EDR (
748:
is between that of quartz and topaz, at 7.5 on the 10 point scale, though below that of the similar manmade stone
853:) for the mineral. South Africa is Africa's main producer, with 30% of world production, second after Australia.
850:
4006:
1861:
1122:
231:
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2301:
4026:
4001:
2512:
902:
268:
4016:
1071:
893:, they contain a rich and varied record of geological processes. Currently, zircons are typically dated by
1586:
810:
Zircon is a common accessory to trace mineral constituent of all kinds of igneous rocks, but particularly
802:
3991:
1514:
820:
2710:
Hermann Köhler (1970). "Die Ănderung der
Zirkonmorphologie mit dem Differentiationsgrad eines Granits".
2723:
K. Mezger & E. J. Krogstad (1997). "Interpretation of discordant U-Pb zircon ages: An evaluation".
1761:
Davis, Sergio; Belonoshko, Anatoly; Rosengren, Anders; Duin, Adri; Johansson, Börje (January 1, 2010).
3452:
2879:
1132:
1080:
1693:
512:. The natural color of zircon varies between colorless, yellow-golden, red, brown, blue, and green.
3288:
3110:
1053:
3919:
3012:
2988:
94:
20:
3293:
2895:
G. Vavra (1994). "Systematics of internal zircon morphology in major
Variscan granitoid types".
530:, which is the German adaptation of this word. Yellow, orange, and red zircon is also known as "
3996:
1688:
913:
839:
446:
158:
1911:
Report of the
Seventy-Fourth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science
1400:
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ages up to 4.404 billion years, interpreted to be the age of crystallization, making them the
3819:
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221:
211:
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Reddish brown, yellow, green, blue, gray, colorless; in thin section, colorless to pale brown
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1962:
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898:
494:
1234:
Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C., eds. (1995).
8:
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2507:
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1431:
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894:
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or other magnifying optics. The highest grade zircons are cut to minimize birefringence.
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1978:
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1209:
870:
675:
649:, although this application is small, but also to all compounds of zirconium including
201:
79:
2939:
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1702:
526:", a term applied to light-colored zircons. The English word "zircon" is derived from
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This bracelet has zircon gemstones. The metal is zinc alloy base with silver coating.
650:
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827:, carbonatites, and lamprophyre, owing to the unusual magma genesis of these rocks.
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1970:
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SEM-CL image of Zircon grain showing zonations and poly-cycles (core-rim structure)
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610:
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374:
43:
1602:
1529:
1350:
Erickson, Timmons M.; Cavosie, Aaron J.; Moser, Desmond E.; et al. (2013).
196:
On {101}. Crystals shocked by meteorite impact show polysynthetic twins on {112}
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1974:
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1110:
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326:
141:
42:
A lustrous crystal of zircon perched on a tan matrix of calcite from the
2548:"Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon"
2280:
Valley, JW; Peck, WH; King, EM; Wilde, SA (2002). "A cool early Earth".
1856:(2d ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. pp. 321â322.
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Also, birefringence depends on the cut of the stone in relation to its
690:
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346:
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133:
119:
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Optical microscope photograph; the length of the crystal is about 250
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Online articles and information on zircon history, lore, and research
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2133:
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450:
442:
16:
Zirconium silicate, a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates
794:, but are not difficult to distinguish from them with simple tools.
552:
19:
This article is about the mineral and gemstone. For other uses, see
3950:
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1883:. Translated by Leonard James Spencer. J.F. Schreiber. p. 217.
1152:
975:
953:
791:
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as a diamond. Zircon is one of the heaviest types of gemstone. Its
721:
693:
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618:
487:
453:
250:
47:
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1001:
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is almost always present in quantities ranging from 1 to 4%. The
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3711:
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3621:
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3502:
3487:
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3398:
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3055:
3020:
2387:"Ancient mineral shows early Earth climate tough on continents"
964:
933:
815:
787:
37:
2503:"Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth"
2469:
633:
425:
364:
3824:
3814:
3804:
3787:
3782:
3772:
3731:
3561:
3541:
3477:
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3150:
3125:
3070:
2850:; William H. Peck; Elizabeth M. King; Simon A. Wilde (2002).
949:
842:
Australia in association with the zirconium-hafnium minerals
776:
765:
704:
664:
oxide with a melting point of 2,717 °C (4,923 °F).
588:
2973:
2959:
2132:
Cawood, P.A.; Hawkesworth, C.J.; Dhuime, B. (October 2012).
1951:
1760:
1728:
Nielsen, Ralph (2000). "Zirconium and
Zirconium Compounds".
869:
Zircon has played an important role during the evolution of
557:
407:
341:
close to 2,550 °C depend on Hf,Th,U,H,etc... concentrations.
3696:
3671:
3666:
3616:
3378:
2001:
945:
2640:
2082:"Heavy Minerals Mining in Africa â Titanium And Zirconium"
1893:
1852:
Blatt, Harvey; Middleton, Gerard; Murray, Raymond (1980).
1349:
1233:
463:
showing some of the range of substitution in zircon is (Zr
413:
2876:
10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0351:ACEE>2.0.CO;2
2797:
Gunnar Ries (2001). "Zirkon als akzessorisches
Mineral".
2542:
Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnke, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark;
2302:
10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0351:ACEE>2.0.CO;2
720:
Transparent zircon is a well-known form of semi-precious
2399:
2349:
1989:
1437:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
806:
World production trend of zirconium mineral concentrates
583:. Large zircon crystals are rare. Their average size in
186:
tabular to prismatic crystals, irregular grains, massive
2722:
2131:
1559:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 313â314.
1245:. Vol. II (Silica, Silicates). Chantilly, VA, US:
2610:
John M. Hanchar & Paul W. O. Hoskin, eds. (2003).
2541:
2236:
1627:
736:(1.92) it has sometimes been used as a substitute for
2644:& E. B. Watson (2000). "Pb diffusion in zircon".
2185:
422:
416:
410:
404:
2760:
J. P. Pupin (1980). "Zircon and
Granite petrology".
1851:
1833:
1709:
2314:
2279:
1763:"Molecular dynamics simulation of zirconia melting"
401:
2434:
1480:
1271:"Zircon: Mineral information, data and localities"
522:, meaning "gold-hued". This word is changed into "
2535:
163:a = 6.607(1), c = 5.982(1) ; Z = 4
3978:
1584:
708:A pale blue zircon gemstone weighing 3.36 carats
2552:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1585:Jackson, Robert A.; Montenari, Michael (2019).
1580:
1578:
1576:
1325:Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis (1985).
1320:
1318:
2709:
2672:
2496:
2494:
1730:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
756:and then only when ground into a fine powder.
2989:
2134:"Detrital zircon record and tectonic setting"
2022:"Dubbo Zirconia Project Fact Sheet June 2014"
1928:"Physical & Optical Properties of Zircon"
1487:. Oxford University Press. pp. 117â119.
1022:) all share the same crystal structure (X Y O
759:Most gem-grade zircons show a high degree of
2712:Neues Jahrbuch fĂŒr Mineralogie - Monatshefte
2673:A. N. Halliday (2001). "In the beginningâŠ".
2007:
1908:
1573:
1324:
1315:
1098:Cluster of three compound crystals of zircon
830:Zircon forms economic concentrations within
740:, though it does not display quite the same
449:, and its corresponding chemical formula is
2796:
2759:
2491:
2996:
2982:
2500:
1870:
1670:
575:(as primary crystallization products), in
493:and has relatively high concentrations of
2897:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
2812:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
2762:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
2581:
2571:
2317:Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
2167:
2157:
1786:
1692:
1522:
1430:
1203:
495:high field strength incompatible elements
2894:
2809:
2181:
2179:
1922:
1920:
1478:
1472:
932:so far dated on Earth. In addition, the
860:
801:
711:
703:
632:
551:
1727:
1721:
3979:
2616:Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry
1876:
1639:
728:(between 4.2 and 4.86) and adamantine
2977:
2501:Borenstein, Seth (October 19, 2015).
2176:
2058:"The Mineral Sands Industry Factbook"
2019:
1995:
1917:
1839:
1715:
1633:
1554:
1263:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
856:
1623:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
1180:"IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols"
1177:
1030:in the case of xenotime) as zircon.
783:the most desirable color varieties.
249:Vitreous to adamantine; greasy when
2437:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
2402:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
2353:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1894:Oliver Cummings Farrington (1903).
959:
952:... then it could be common in the
873:. Zircons contain trace amounts of
13:
2602:
1507:
1220:
905:can identify the sediment source.
674:Zircon is one of the key minerals
14:
4038:
2933:
311:= 1.980â2.015, 1.75 when metamict
131:Ditetragonal dipyramidal (4/mmm)
2745:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1997.00008.x
2620:Mineralogical Society of America
1913:. John Murray. pp. 562â563.
1247:Mineralogical Society of America
1143:Heavy mineral sands ore deposits
1091:
1079:
1064:
1052:
1040:
832:heavy mineral sands ore deposits
641:Zircon is mainly consumed as an
567:of Earth. It occurs as a common
397:
363:
36:
2463:
2428:
2393:
2379:
2343:
2308:
2273:
2230:
2125:
2100:
2074:
2050:
2013:
1945:
1902:
1887:
1845:
1803:
1754:
1664:
1548:
1501:
851:economic demonstrated resources
628:
2725:Journal of Metamorphic Geology
1880:The Mineral Kingdom (Volume 1)
1457:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1444:
1440:(5th ed.). HarperCollins.
1424:
1393:
1343:
1290:
1171:
1123:Cathodoluminescence microscope
609:content, some zircons undergo
1:
3003:
2666:10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00233-3
2513:Mindspark Interactive Network
2389:. Physorg.com. June 13, 2008.
1703:10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00054-9
1647:"Zircon gemstone information"
1591:Stratigraphy & Timescales
1536:. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Inc
1164:
889:, transport, even high-grade
797:
547:
441:and is a source of the metal
2108:"Zircons â Application Note"
1898:. A.W. Mumford. p. 109.
1072:Scanning electron microscope
948:arose relatively quickly on
7:
4022:Minerals in space group 141
2969:Zircon Industry Association
2940:Geochemistry of old zircons
1854:Origin of sedimentary rocks
1603:10.1016/bs.sats.2019.08.005
1515:Online Etymology Dictionary
1103:
1047:Crystal structure of zircon
903:Zircons in sedimentary rock
821:ultrapotassic igneous rocks
699:
637:Sand-sized grains of zircon
486:. Zircon precipitates from
10:
4045:
2457:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.028
2422:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.054
2373:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.05.032
1557:Introduction to mineralogy
1555:Nesse, William D. (2000).
1086:Unusual olive-green zircon
1033:
579:and as detrital grains in
515:The name derives from the
437:belonging to the group of
18:
3933:
3895:
3838:
3760:
3531:
3468:
3407:
3369:
3362:
3322:
3224:
3178:
3171:
3011:
2329:10.1007/s00410-005-0025-8
1877:Brauns, Reinhard (1912).
1788:10.2478/s11534-009-0152-3
1479:Stwertka, Albert (1996).
1133:Earliest known life forms
383:
355:
345:
335:
325:
315:
295:
287:
277:
267:
257:
243:
230:
220:
210:
200:
190:
180:
172:
167:
157:
140:
125:
113:
103:
93:
69:
59:
54:
35:
30:
2029:Alkane Resources Limited
2008:Hurlbut & Klein 1985
1738:10.1002/14356007.a28_543
685:Zircon is a part of the
563:Zircon is common in the
3498:Nickel silver (alpacca)
2956:(archived 7 April 2005)
2946:April 12, 2007, at the
2573:10.1073/pnas.1517557112
2449:2005E&PSL.235..663C
2414:2006E&PSL.244..218N
2365:2008E&PSL.272..666U
1932:Colored Gemstones Guide
1815:Mineral Commodities Ltd
1534:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1483:A Guide to the Elements
724:, favored for its high
445:. Its chemical name is
21:Zircon (disambiguation)
1365:(1). Abstract: 53â65.
1243:Handbook of Mineralogy
1184:Mineralogical Magazine
914:Narryer Gneiss Terrane
866:
840:Dubbo, New South Wales
807:
732:. Because of its high
717:
709:
638:
560:
447:zirconium(IV) silicate
4007:Radioactive gemstones
3839:Other natural objects
1955:American Mineralogist
1909:L.J. Spencer (1905).
1896:Gems and Gem Minerals
1406:CollinsDictionary.com
1359:American Mineralogist
1298:"Zircon Mineral Data"
864:
805:
715:
707:
636:
555:
356:Other characteristics
273:Transparent to opaque
105:Strunz classification
4027:Luminescent minerals
4002:Refractory materials
3314:Wire wrapped jewelry
3294:Repoussé and chasing
2961:GIA Gem Encyclopedia
2852:"A Cool Early Earth"
2038:on February 28, 2008
1975:10.2138/am-2004-0123
1379:10.2138/am.2013.4165
1327:Manual of Mineralogy
216:Conchoidal to uneven
4017:Tetragonal minerals
3856:Ebonite (vulcanite)
2909:1994CoMP..117..331V
2868:2002Geo....30..351V
2824:1990CoMP..106...90V
2774:1980CoMP...73..207P
2737:1997JMetG..15..127M
2658:2001ChGeo.172....5C
2564:2015PNAS..11214518B
2558:(47): 14518â14521.
2523:on October 23, 2015
2294:2002Geo....30..351V
2200:2001Natur.409..175W
2150:2012Geo....40..875C
2070:on August 18, 2016.
2020:Staff (June 2007).
1998:, pp. 313â314.
1967:2004AmMin..89..197V
1779:2010CEJPh...8..789D
1685:2002Tectp.349..203G
1371:2013AmMin..98...53E
1205:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
1196:2021MinM...85..291W
1178:Warr, L.N. (2021).
1059:Unit cell of zircon
689:to classify highly-
540:, whose name is of
534:", from the flower
3992:Zirconium minerals
3201:Jewellery designer
2917:10.1007/BF00307269
2832:10.1007/BF00306410
2782:10.1007/BF00381441
1821:on October 7, 2016
871:radiometric dating
867:
857:Radiometric dating
846:and armstrongite.
808:
718:
710:
678:by geologists for
639:
561:
288:Optical properties
80:zirconium silicate
3974:
3973:
3891:
3890:
3761:Organic gemstones
3358:
3357:
2954:Mineral galleries
2681:(6817): 144â145.
2473:Nature Geoscience
2245:(6817): 178â181.
2194:(6817): 175â178.
1636:, pp. 93â94.
1508:Harper, Douglas.
1494:978-0-19-508083-4
1460:. Merriam-Webster
1329:(20th ed.).
922:Western Australia
834:, within certain
651:zirconium dioxide
601:Because of their
581:sedimentary rocks
577:metamorphic rocks
569:accessory mineral
503:crystal structure
461:empirical formula
390:
389:
4034:
3418:Britannia silver
3367:
3366:
3176:
3175:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2975:
2974:
2928:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2882:on March 4, 2005
2878:. Archived from
2843:
2806:
2793:
2756:
2719:
2706:
2687:10.1038/35051685
2669:
2646:Chemical Geology
2637:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2575:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2519:. Archived from
2517:Associated Press
2498:
2489:
2488:
2485:10.1038/ngeo2075
2467:
2461:
2460:
2443:(3â4): 663â681.
2432:
2426:
2425:
2408:(1â2): 218â233.
2397:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2359:(3â4): 666â676.
2347:
2341:
2340:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2251:10.1038/35051557
2234:
2228:
2227:
2208:10.1038/35051550
2183:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2161:
2159:10.1130/G32945.1
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2084:. Archived from
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2063:. Archived from
2062:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2031:. Archived from
2026:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1817:. Archived from
1807:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1679:(1â4): 203â219.
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1582:
1571:
1570:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1530:"Hyacinth (gem)"
1526:
1520:
1519:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1486:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1356:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1240:
1231:
1218:
1217:
1207:
1175:
1148:History of Earth
1128:Cool Early Earth
1119:
1095:
1083:
1068:
1056:
1044:
1021:
1010:
999:
984:
973:
960:Similar minerals
734:refractive index
726:specific gravity
660:), an important
659:
432:
431:
428:
427:
424:
419:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
375:pleochroic halos
367:
297:Refractive index
279:Specific gravity
236:
89:
76:
75:(repeating unit)
40:
28:
27:
4044:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4031:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3929:
3887:
3876:Spondylus shell
3834:
3756:
3527:
3513:Stainless steel
3464:
3448:Sterling silver
3408:Precious metal
3403:
3371:Precious metals
3354:
3318:
3220:
3167:
3007:
3002:
2948:Wayback Machine
2936:
2931:
2885:
2883:
2634:
2605:
2603:Further reading
2600:
2599:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2511:. Yonkers, NY:
2499:
2492:
2468:
2464:
2433:
2429:
2398:
2394:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2348:
2344:
2313:
2309:
2278:
2274:
2235:
2231:
2184:
2177:
2144:(10): 875â878.
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2088:on May 28, 2008
2080:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1907:
1903:
1892:
1888:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1694:10.1.1.570.3912
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1613:
1583:
1574:
1567:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1323:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1238:
1232:
1221:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1099:
1096:
1087:
1084:
1075:
1074:image of zircon
1069:
1060:
1057:
1048:
1045:
1036:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1005:
998:
994:
983:
979:
972:
968:
962:
930:oldest minerals
924:, have yielded
859:
800:
702:
658:
654:
631:
611:metamictization
550:
497:. For example,
485:
481:
477:
473:
466:
457:
421:
400:
396:
378:
372:
321:ÎŽ = 0.047â0.055
310:
306:
304:
234:
206:{110} and {111}
152:
136:: (4/m 2/m 2/m)
132:
87:
83:
74:
73:
50:
44:Gilgit District
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4042:
4041:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3937:Related topics
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
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3589:
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3579:
3574:
3569:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
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3526:
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3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3474:
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3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3309:Wire sculpture
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3234:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3001:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2957:
2951:
2935:
2934:External links
2932:
2930:
2929:
2903:(4): 331â344.
2892:
2862:(4): 351â354.
2848:John W. Valley
2844:
2807:
2794:
2768:(3): 207â220.
2757:
2731:(1): 127â140.
2720:
2707:
2670:
2642:D. J. Cherniak
2638:
2632:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2534:
2490:
2479:(3): 219â223.
2462:
2427:
2392:
2378:
2342:
2307:
2288:(4): 351â354.
2272:
2229:
2175:
2124:
2099:
2073:
2049:
2012:
2010:, p. 454.
2000:
1988:
1961:(1): 197â203.
1944:
1916:
1901:
1886:
1869:
1862:
1844:
1842:, p. 314.
1832:
1802:
1753:
1747:978-3527306732
1746:
1720:
1718:, p. 313.
1708:
1673:Tectonophysics
1663:
1651:www.gemdat.org
1638:
1626:
1611:
1572:
1565:
1547:
1521:
1500:
1493:
1471:
1443:
1423:
1392:
1342:
1335:
1314:
1289:
1262:
1256:978-0962209710
1255:
1219:
1190:(3): 291â320.
1169:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1158:Cerium anomaly
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1007:
996:
991:schiavinatoite
981:
970:
961:
958:
918:Yilgarn Craton
858:
855:
799:
796:
790:and synthetic
750:cubic zirconia
701:
698:
656:
630:
627:
549:
546:
510:crystal system
483:
479:
475:
471:
464:
455:
388:
387:
385:
381:
380:
357:
353:
352:
349:
343:
342:
339:
333:
332:
329:
323:
322:
319:
313:
312:
308:
305:= 1.925â1.961
302:
299:
293:
292:
289:
285:
284:
281:
275:
274:
271:
265:
264:
261:
255:
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214:
208:
207:
204:
198:
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188:
187:
184:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
168:Identification
165:
164:
161:
155:
154:
153:/amd (No. 141)
150:
144:
138:
137:
129:
123:
122:
117:
115:Crystal system
111:
110:
107:
101:
100:
97:
91:
90:
85:
77:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
52:
51:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4040:
4039:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3997:Nesosilicates
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:Body piercing
3939:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3830:Tortoiseshell
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
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3227:
3223:
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3214:
3212:
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3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:Bench jeweler
3184:
3183:
3181:
3177:
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3162:
3159:
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3154:
3153:
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2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
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2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2652:(1â2): 5â24.
2651:
2647:
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2639:
2635:
2633:0-939950-65-0
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2544:Mao, Wendy L.
2538:
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2518:
2514:
2510:
2509:
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2193:
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2180:
2170:
2165:
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2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
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2113:
2109:
2103:
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2083:
2077:
2066:
2059:
2053:
2042:September 10,
2034:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1933:
1929:
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1921:
1912:
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1897:
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1873:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1836:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1798:
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1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
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1731:
1724:
1717:
1712:
1704:
1700:
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1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1635:
1630:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1612:9780128175521
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1566:9780195106916
1562:
1558:
1551:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1504:
1496:
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1485:
1484:
1475:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1412:
1411:HarperCollins
1408:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1336:0-471-80580-7
1332:
1328:
1321:
1319:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1170:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:Hadean zircon
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1094:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1062:
1055:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1014:
1003:
992:
988:
977:
966:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
938:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
908:Zircons from
906:
904:
900:
899:fission-track
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
863:
854:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
817:
813:
804:
795:
793:
789:
784:
780:
778:
774:
769:
767:
762:
761:birefringence
757:
755:
754:sulfuric acid
751:
747:
746:Mohs hardness
743:
742:play of color
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
714:
706:
697:
695:
692:
688:
683:
681:
680:geochronology
677:
672:
670:
665:
663:
652:
648:
644:
635:
626:
622:
620:
619:color centers
614:
612:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:igneous rocks
570:
566:
559:
554:
545:
543:
542:Ancient Greek
539:
538:
533:
529:
525:
521:
518:
513:
511:
508:
505:of zircon is
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:
470:
462:
458:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:nesosilicates
436:
430:
394:
386:
382:
376:
370:
366:
361:
358:
354:
350:
348:
344:
340:
338:
334:
330:
328:
324:
320:
318:
317:Birefringence
314:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
280:
276:
272:
270:
266:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
246:
242:
238:
233:
229:
225:
223:
219:
215:
213:
209:
205:
203:
199:
195:
193:
189:
185:
183:
182:Crystal habit
179:
175:
171:
166:
162:
160:
156:
148:
145:
143:
139:
135:
130:
128:
127:Crystal class
124:
121:
118:
116:
112:
108:
106:
102:
98:
96:
92:
81:
78:
72:
68:
65:
64:Nesosilicates
62:
58:
53:
49:
45:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3966:Wearable art
3961:Phaleristics
3956:Metalworking
3861:Gutta-percha
3751:
3637:Lapis lazuli
3423:Colored gold
3304:Stonesetting
2960:
2900:
2896:
2884:. Retrieved
2880:the original
2859:
2855:
2818:(1): 90â99.
2815:
2811:
2802:
2798:
2765:
2761:
2728:
2724:
2715:
2711:
2678:
2674:
2649:
2645:
2623:
2622:monograph).
2615:
2555:
2551:
2537:
2525:. Retrieved
2521:the original
2506:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2381:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2191:
2187:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2117:February 10,
2115:. Retrieved
2111:
2102:
2090:. Retrieved
2086:the original
2076:
2065:the original
2052:
2040:. Retrieved
2033:the original
2028:
2015:
2003:
1991:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1931:
1910:
1904:
1895:
1889:
1879:
1872:
1853:
1847:
1835:
1823:. Retrieved
1819:the original
1814:
1805:
1770:
1767:Open Physics
1766:
1756:
1729:
1723:
1711:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1654:. Retrieved
1650:
1641:
1629:
1594:
1590:
1556:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1533:
1524:
1513:
1503:
1482:
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1455:
1446:
1435:
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1404:
1395:
1362:
1358:
1345:
1326:
1305:. Retrieved
1301:
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1274:
1265:
1242:
1187:
1183:
1173:
963:
907:
895:uranium-lead
891:metamorphism
868:
848:
829:
809:
785:
781:
773:optical axis
770:
758:
719:
684:
673:
666:
640:
629:Applications
623:
615:
600:
596:carbonatites
562:
535:
527:
519:
514:
392:
391:
379:Relief: high
291:Uniaxial (+)
146:
25:
3903:Art jewelry
3727:Tiger's eye
3632:Labradorite
3582:Chrysocolla
3577:Chrysoberyl
3493:Mokume-gane
3470:Base metals
3242:centrifugal
3211:Silversmith
3086:FerronniĂšre
3036:Belt buckle
3031:Belly chain
2323:: 561â580.
1937:October 19,
1597:: 217â227.
1307:October 19,
1282:October 19,
1111:Baddeleyite
942:biotic life
825:kimberlites
369:radioactive
360:Fluorescent
327:Pleochroism
269:Diaphaneity
142:Space group
3981:Categories
3737:Tourmaline
3682:Prasiolite
3557:Aventurine
3428:Crown gold
3330:Draw plate
3279:Metal clay
3216:Watchmaker
3206:Lapidarist
3191:Clockmaker
3066:Collar pin
3061:Chatelaine
2805:: 381â383.
2799:Aufschluss
2718:: 405â420.
2527:October 8,
2169:10023/3575
1996:Nesse 2000
1863:0136427103
1840:Nesse 2000
1811:"Products"
1773:(5): 789.
1716:Nesse 2000
1634:Nesse 2000
1540:October 7,
1302:Webmineral
1276:Mindat.org
1165:References
910:Jack Hills
836:pegmatites
798:Occurrence
662:refractory
592:pegmatites
548:Properties
537:hyacinthus
507:tetragonal
384:References
347:Solubility
337:Fusibility
232:Mohs scale
134:H-M symbol
120:Tetragonal
95:IMA symbol
4012:Gemstones
3883:Toadstone
3820:Operculum
3747:Variscite
3742:Turquoise
3722:Tanzanite
3657:Moonstone
3652:Marcasite
3647:Malachite
3572:Carnelian
3547:Amazonite
3534:gemstones
3508:Pinchbeck
3453:Argentium
3443:Shibuichi
3384:Palladium
3363:Materials
3299:Soldering
3289:Polishing
3264:Engraving
3259:Enameling
3225:Processes
3196:Goldsmith
3131:Tie chain
3106:Neck ring
3096:Lapel pin
3005:Jewellery
2925:128459636
2886:April 11,
2840:140566387
2753:129846813
2092:August 8,
1983:102001496
1825:August 8,
1797:120967147
1689:CiteSeerX
1656:April 29,
1621:210256739
1464:April 29,
1416:April 29,
1214:235729616
1013:coffinite
995:(Ta,Nb)BO
987:béhierite
881:(from 10
844:eudialyte
694:sediments
691:weathered
687:ZTR index
647:zirconium
643:opacifier
443:zirconium
373:May form
351:Insoluble
159:Unit cell
3951:Gemology
3925:Fineness
3916:(purity)
3851:Bog-wood
3798:Precious
3778:Ammolite
3717:Sunstone
3707:Sodalite
3702:Sapphire
3662:Obsidian
3602:Fluorite
3592:Diopside
3552:Amethyst
3532:Mineral
3523:Tungsten
3518:Titanium
3433:Electrum
3389:Platinum
3274:Kazaziye
3269:Filigree
3247:lost-wax
3146:Toe ring
3136:Tie clip
3111:Pectoral
3101:Necklace
3076:Cufflink
3051:Bracelet
3046:Bolo tie
3026:Barrette
2963:â Zircon
2944:Archived
2790:96470918
2695:11196624
2612:"Zircon"
2592:26483481
2546:(2015).
2337:53118854
2259:11196638
2216:11196637
1510:"zircon"
1452:"zircon"
1432:"zircon"
1401:"zircon"
1387:67779734
1236:"Zircon"
1153:Ilmenite
1104:See also
976:xenotime
954:universe
937:isotopic
897:(U-Pb),
823:such as
792:sapphire
722:gemstone
700:Gemstone
669:zirconia
544:origin.
532:hyacinth
488:silicate
251:metamict
235:hardness
222:Tenacity
212:Fracture
202:Cleavage
192:Twinning
60:Category
48:Pakistan
3946:Fashion
3920:Finding
3768:Abalone
3677:Peridot
3642:Larimar
3627:Kyanite
3612:Howlite
3597:Emerald
3587:Diamond
3460:Tumbaga
3438:ShakudĆ
3394:Rhodium
3345:Mandrel
3284:Plating
3237:Casting
3232:Carving
3141:Tie pin
3116:Pendant
3091:Genital
3081:Earring
2905:Bibcode
2864:Bibcode
2856:Geology
2820:Bibcode
2770:Bibcode
2733:Bibcode
2703:4339433
2654:Bibcode
2583:4664351
2560:Bibcode
2445:Bibcode
2410:Bibcode
2361:Bibcode
2290:Bibcode
2282:Geology
2267:2819082
2224:4319774
2196:Bibcode
2146:Bibcode
2138:Geology
1963:Bibcode
1775:Bibcode
1681:Bibcode
1367:Bibcode
1192:Bibcode
1034:Gallery
1026:, X Y O
1011:), and
1002:thorite
912:in the
887:erosion
879:thorium
875:uranium
812:granite
738:diamond
607:thorium
603:uranium
585:granite
524:jargoon
517:Persian
499:hafnium
435:mineral
433:) is a
283:4.6â4.7
226:Brittle
109:9.AD.30
71:Formula
55:General
3987:Zircon
3910:(mass)
3846:Bezoar
3752:Zircon
3712:Spinel
3687:Quartz
3622:Jasper
3607:Garnet
3503:Pewter
3488:Copper
3483:Bronze
3410:alloys
3399:Silver
3350:Pliers
3340:Hammer
3252:vacuum
3179:People
3172:Making
3156:pocket
3056:Brooch
3021:Anklet
2923:
2838:
2788:
2751:
2701:
2693:
2675:Nature
2630:
2590:
2580:
2508:Excite
2335:
2265:
2257:
2239:Nature
2222:
2214:
2188:Nature
2112:DELMIC
1981:
1860:
1795:
1744:
1691:
1619:
1609:
1563:
1491:
1385:
1333:
1253:
1212:
965:Hafnon
934:oxygen
816:felsic
788:spinel
730:luster
528:Zirkon
520:zargun
393:Zircon
259:Streak
245:Luster
84:(ZrSiO
82:
31:Zircon
3914:Carat
3908:Carat
3896:Terms
3871:Shell
3825:Pearl
3815:Nacre
3805:Ivory
3793:Black
3788:Coral
3783:Copal
3773:Amber
3732:Topaz
3691:smoky
3562:Beryl
3542:Agate
3478:Brass
3323:Tools
3161:strap
3151:Watch
3126:Tiara
3071:Crown
3041:Bindi
3013:Forms
2921:S2CID
2836:S2CID
2786:S2CID
2749:S2CID
2699:S2CID
2333:S2CID
2263:S2CID
2220:S2CID
2068:(PDF)
2061:(PDF)
2036:(PDF)
2025:(PDF)
1979:S2CID
1793:S2CID
1617:S2CID
1383:S2CID
1355:(PDF)
1239:(PDF)
1210:S2CID
1006:ThSiO
969:HfSiO
950:Earth
777:loupe
766:topaz
589:mafic
565:crust
491:melts
474:)(SiO
459:. An
263:White
173:Color
3866:Hair
3697:Ruby
3672:Opal
3667:Onyx
3617:Jade
3379:Gold
3335:File
3121:Ring
2888:2005
2691:PMID
2628:ISBN
2588:PMID
2529:2018
2255:PMID
2212:PMID
2119:2017
2094:2016
2044:2007
1939:2021
1858:ISBN
1827:2016
1742:ISBN
1658:2018
1607:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1542:2016
1489:ISBN
1466:2018
1418:2018
1331:ISBN
1309:2021
1284:2021
1251:ISBN
1017:USiO
946:life
926:U-Pb
877:and
814:and
676:used
605:and
594:and
484:4xây
482:(OH)
362:and
331:Weak
3810:Jet
3566:red
2913:doi
2901:117
2872:doi
2828:doi
2816:106
2778:doi
2741:doi
2683:doi
2679:409
2662:doi
2650:172
2578:PMC
2568:doi
2556:112
2481:doi
2453:doi
2441:235
2418:doi
2406:244
2369:doi
2357:272
2325:doi
2321:150
2298:doi
2247:doi
2243:409
2204:doi
2192:409
2164:hdl
2154:doi
1971:doi
1783:doi
1734:doi
1699:doi
1677:349
1599:doi
1375:doi
1200:doi
1115:ZrO
1000:),
985:),
980:YPO
974:),
956:."
883:ppm
655:ZrO
571:in
480:1âx
469:REE
465:1ây
454:SiO
408:ÉËr
239:7.5
99:Zrn
46:of
3983::
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2860:30
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2803:52
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2747:.
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2729:15
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2660:.
2648:.
2626:.
2624:53
2614:.
2586:.
2576:.
2566:.
2554:.
2550:.
2515:.
2505:.
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2475:.
2451:.
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