639:
620:(or S55) was found to be orbiting even closer to the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole than S0–2 does. At one-sixteenth the brightness of S0–2, S0–102 was not initially recognized because it required many more years of observations to distinguish it from its local infrared background. S0–102 has an orbital period of 12.8 years, even shorter than that of S0–2. Of all the stars orbiting the black hole, only these two have their orbital parameters and trajectories fully known in all three dimensions of space. The discovery of two stars orbiting the central black hole so closely with their orbits fully described is of extreme interest to astronomers, as the pair together will allow much more precise measurements on the nature of gravity and general relativity around the black hole than would be possible from using S0–2 alone.
666:
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28:
4793:
1031:; Garcia, P.; Gao, F.; Gendron, E.; Genzel, R.; Gillessen, S.; Habibi, M.; Haubois, X.; Henning, T.; Hippler, S.; Horrobin, M.; Jiménez-Rosales, A.; Jochum, L.; Jocou, L.; Kaufer, A.; Kervella, P.; Lacour, S.; et al. (GRAVITY Collaboration) (16 April 2020). "Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole".
685:
638:
776:
Paumard, T.; Genzel, R.; Martins, F.; Nayakshin, S.; Beloborodov, A.M.; Levin, Y.; Trippe, S.; Eisenhauer, F.; Ott, T.; Gillessen, S.; Abuter, R.; Cuadra, J.; Alexander, T.; Sternberg, A. (2006). "The two young star disks in the central parsec of the galaxy: Properties, dynamics, and formation".
2003:
Eisenhauer, F.; Genzel, R.; Alexander, T.; Abuter, R.; Paumard, T.; Ott, T.; Gilbert, A.; Gillessen, S.; Horrobin, M.; Trippe, S.; Bonnet, H.; Dumas, C.; Hubin, N.; Kaufer, A.; Kissler-Patig, M.; Monnet, G.; Strobele, S.; Szeifert, T.; Eckart, A.; Schodel, R.; Zucker, S. (2005). "SINFONI in the
654:
1358:; Zamaninasab, Mohammad; Witzel, Gunther; García-Marín, Macarena; Jalali, Behrang; Valencia-S., Monica; et al. (September 2012). "The S-Star Cluster at the Center of the Milky Way: On the nature of diffuse NIR emission in the inner tenth of a parsec".
665:
435:
as being the site of such a black hole. By 2008, S2 had been observed for one complete orbit. In 2020, partway through its next orbit, the GRAVITY collaboration released an analysis showing full agreement with
1862:
Meyer, L.; Ghez, A.M.; Schödel, R.; Yelda, S.; Boehle, A.; Lu, J.R.; Do, T.; Morris, M.R.; Becklin, E.E.; Matthews, K. (2012). "The shortest-known-period star orbiting our galaxy's supermassive black hole".
1179:
Ghez, A.M.; Klein, B.L.; Morris, M.; Becklin, E.E. (1998). "High Proper-Motion Stars in the
Vicinity of Sagittarius A*: Evidence for a supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy".
1653:
Do, Tuan; Hees, Aurelien; Ghez, Andrea; Martinez, Gregory D.; Chu, Devin S.; Jia, Siyao; Sakai, Shoko; Lu, Jessica R.; Gautam, Abhimat K.; O’Neil, Kelly Kosmo; Becklin, Eric E. (2019-08-16).
482:, indicating the galactic centre, and S0–2 was the second closest star seen at the time of the measurements. The star had been catalogued simply as S2 a year earlier, the second of eleven
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486:
sources near the galactic centre, numbered approximately anti-clockwise. It is a coincidence that the star is numbered "2" in both lists; other catalogues number it differently.
1727:
544:. So far, the strongest constraint that can be placed on these remnants is that their total mass comprises less than one percent of the mass of the supermassive black hole.
4041:
498:
and even extra-dimensional effects. These effects reached a maximum at closest approach, which occurred in mid-2018. Given a recent estimate of 4.31 million
1979:"First successful test of Einstein's General Relativity near supermassive black hole – Culmination of 26 years of ESO observations of the heart of the Milky Way"
3766:
653:
1630:"First Successful Test of Einstein's General Relativity Near Supermassive Black Hole - Culmination of 26 years of ESO observations of the heart of the Milky Way"
1027:
Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.; Berger, J. P.; Bonnet, H.; Brandner, W.; Cardoso, V.; Clénet, Y.; De Zeeuw, P. T.; Dexter, J.; Eckart, A.; Eisenhauer, F.;
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Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.; Berger, J. P.; Bonnet, H.; Brandner, W.; Cardoso, V.; Clénet, Y.; Zeeuw, P. T. de; Dexter, J.; Eckart, A. (2020-04-01).
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black hole and S2's close approach, this makes S2's the fastest known ballistic orbit, reaching speeds exceeding 5,000 km/s (11,000,000 mph, or
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on May 19, 2018, while its velocity in the line of sight from Earth peaked in April, and later hit its minimum in late August and early
September.
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A team of astronomers, mainly from the Max Planck
Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, used observations of S2's orbital dynamics around
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1115:
Do, Tuan; et al. (16 Aug 2019). "Relativistic redshift of the star S0–2 orbiting the
Galactic center supermassive black hole".
536:) distributed in the volume through which S2 moves. These objects will perturb S2's orbit, causing it to deviate gradually from the
4123:
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3791:
1084:
77:
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Artist's annotation of S2 passing supermassive black hole (note black hole is not to scale) at center of Milky Way, confirming
888:
Hees, A. (2017). "Testing
General Relativity with stellar orbits around the supermassive black hole in our galactic center".
1810:
4859:
4854:
4760:
2113:
4849:
4648:
4643:
1413:
Gillessen, S.; et al. (2009). "Monitoring stellar orbits around the massive black hole in the galactic center".
2167:
1753:"Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole"
723:
Schödel, R.; Merritt, D.; Eckart, A. (2009). "The nuclear star cluster of the Milky Way: Proper motions and mass".
951:"Twelve years of spectroscopic Monitoring in the galactic center: The closest look at S-stars near the black hole"
1554:"Detection of the gravitational redshift in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole"
1553:
70:
4700:
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494:
The highly eccentric orbit of S2 will give astronomers an opportunity to test for various effects predicted by
2064:
1982:
1340:
389:
43:
1028:
4692:
4443:
2162:
2147:
1752:
528:. It is believed that there are thousands of stars, as well as dark stellar remnants (stellar black holes,
521:
the speed of light) and acceleration of about 1.5 m/s (almost one-sixth of Earth's surface gravity).
3761:
2136:
1558:
90:
835:
Eisenhauer, F.; et al. (2003). "A Geometric
Determination of the Distance to the Galactic Center".
4771:
2077:
1360:
1015:
2574:
1415:
1306:... we are '2018 or bust' these days, because at that moment your orbital determination becomes
1090:. Infrared/Submillimeter Astronomy. Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik. Archived from
955:
580:
1273:
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602:(0.2 degrees) in S2's orbit caused by the close passage, fully consistent with general relativity.
1323:"A star is about to plunge head first toward a monster black hole. Astronomers are ready to watch"
325:
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126:
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3107:
2369:
1655:"Relativistic redshift of the star S0-2 orbiting the Galactic center supermassive black hole"
1605:
251:
1778:
1728:"General Relativity Rules: Einstein Victorious In Unprecedented Gravitational Redshift Test"
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8:
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4219:
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1300:(video lecture). Harvard University: Black Hole Initiative. Remarks beginning at 31:55.
2027:
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Orbits of S0–2 and S0–102 around the Milky Way galaxy's supermassive black hole
557:
369:
353:
269:
63:
1218:
874:
816:
671:
Inferred orbits of S2 and five other stars around supermassive black hole candidate
552:
In 2018, S2 made its closest approach to Sgr A*, reaching 7650 km/s or almost 3% of
524:
The motion of S2 is also useful for detecting the presence of other objects near to
4785:
3097:
3092:
3047:
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3027:
3017:
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2882:
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2777:
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2359:
2319:
2224:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2031:
1951:
1910:
1890:
1782:
1684:
1585:
1494:
1475:"Milky Way's black hole provides long-sought test of Einstein's general relativity"
1454:
1442:
1387:
1253:
1206:
1142:
1058:
982:
919:
915:
862:
804:
750:
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1391:
1062:
762:
754:
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3801:
2752:
2747:
2717:
2349:
2339:
2314:
2309:
2254:
2234:
2152:
2061:"Star orbiting massive Milky Way centre approaches to within 17 light-hours"
1924:
Peißker, F., Eckart, A., Parsa, M. (2020), "S62 on a 9.9 yr Orbit around SgrA*",
1837:"The first detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2"
1549:
676:
572:
448:
349:
210:
98:
33:
16:
Star orbiting close to the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way
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1956:
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701:
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Observations showing the discovery of the orbit of S2 about the
Galactic Center
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508:
479:
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444:
432:
412:
Its changing apparent position has been monitored since 1995 by two groups (at
345:
299:
193:
185:
2071:
2004:
Galactic Center: Young Stars and
Infrared Flares in the Central Light-Month".
1258:
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2412:
2407:
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1796:
1696:
1355:
85:
1894:
1688:
1146:
474:
The designation S0–2 was first used in 1998. S0 indicates a star within one
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4253:
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1978:
1902:
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927:
537:
529:
2060:
1336:
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2018:
1193:
849:
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111:
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S2 was precisely tracked during its May 2018 close approach to
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Stars
Orbiting around the Black Hole at the Center of the Milky Way
2035:
1938:
1769:
1671:
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1210:
1129:
1045:
969:
902:
866:
808:
483:
1877:
1429:
1374:
737:
4086:
4071:
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3600:
2947:
2377:
1234:"Stellar proper motions in the central 0.1 pc of the Galaxy"
420:) as part of an effort to gather evidence for the existence of a
381:
373:
73:
66:
4597:
4553:
4457:
4118:
4108:
4081:
2002:
627:
has since been discovered with an orbital period of 9.9 years.
459:
in close agreement with prior determinations by other methods.
428:
319:
162:
1923:
1524:"Star spotted speeding near black hole at centre of Milky Way"
466:, with results in accord with general relativity predictions.
372:) – an orbit with a period only about 30% longer than that of
4558:
4016:
1353:
775:
380:, but coming no closer than about four times the distance of
173:
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2182:
413:
201:
27:
4792:
571:
Independent analyses by the GRAVITY collaboration (led by
388:. The mass when the star first formed is estimated by the
1750:
1026:
556:, while passing the black hole at a distance of just 120
385:
377:
1552:; et al. (GRAVITY collaboration) (26 July 2018).
1178:
4769:
1861:
405:(B0V ~ B3V), it probably has a mass of 10 to 15
348:, orbiting it with a period of 16.0518 years, a
722:
4691:
1652:
575:) and the KECK/UCLA Galactic Center Group (led by
1238:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
418:Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
4841:
2135:
4665:
447:to measure the distance from the Earth to the
2121:
1515:
1231:
116:−29° 00′ 27.975″
1297:Black Holes @ 100 Workshop: Galactic Center
2128:
2114:
1542:
834:
547:
540:that characterizes motion around a single
4160:
2017:
1955:
1937:
1876:
1811:"Dance around the heart of our Milky Way"
1786:
1768:
1670:
1589:
1571:
1498:
1428:
1412:
1373:
1257:
1192:
1128:
1044:
986:
968:
901:
848:
790:
736:
718:
716:
392:(ESO) to have been approximately 14
1932:(1), American Astronomical Society: 61,
1834:
1315:
4842:
2088:University of California – Los Angeles
1725:
1548:
1521:
1174:
1172:
948:
830:
828:
826:
769:
713:
431:. The accumulating evidence points to
307:13, S0–2, E1, S2, 0.15, 1, S0–2.
2109:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1108:
1011:A short documentary on Sagittarius A*
344:close to the supermassive black hole
887:
587:up to 200 km/s/c, in agreement with
69:
4649:Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
1169:
823:
594:Additional analysis has revealed a
13:
4644:Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy
1461:
1225:
1114:
14:
4876:
2053:
1304:from the original on 2021-12-20.
346:Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*)
4827:
4815:
4803:
4791:
4779:
4756:
4755:
2168:Sagittarius in Chinese astronomy
1354:Sabha, Nadeen; Eckart, Andreas;
949:Habibi, M.; et al. (2017).
683:
664:
652:
637:
630:
26:
1996:
1971:
1917:
1855:
1828:
1803:
1744:
1719:
1646:
1622:
1598:
1473:Witze, Alexandra (2018-07-26).
1406:
1347:
1329:
1284:
1266:
1232:Eckart, A.; Genzel, R. (1997).
469:
1522:Devlin, Hannah (26 Jul 2018).
1077:
1020:
1003:
942:
920:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.211101
881:
1:
2065:European Southern Observatory
1983:European Southern Observatory
1606:"Tests of General Relativity"
1341:European Southern Observatory
707:
390:European Southern Observatory
4444:Small Sagittarius Star Cloud
2163:Large Sagittarius Star Cloud
2148:List of stars in Sagittarius
2137:Constellation of Sagittarius
1757:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1726:Siegel, Ethan (2019-08-01).
1559:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1447:10.1088/0004-637X/692/2/1075
1033:Astronomy & Astrophysics
725:Astronomy & Astrophysics
7:
4860:Tests of general relativity
4855:Sagittarius (constellation)
1788:10.1051/0004-6361/202037813
1591:10.1051/0004-6361/201833718
1392:10.1051/0004-6361/201219203
1294:(speaker) (19 April 2016).
1063:10.1051/0004-6361/202037813
755:10.1051/0004-6361/200810922
695:
451:. They determined it to be
10:
4881:
4850:B-type main-sequence stars
4701:GLEAM-X J162759.5−523504.3
4047:SWEEPS J175902.67−291153.5
4042:SWEEPS J175902.00-291323.7
4037:SWEEPS J175853.92−291120.6
1500:10.1038/d41586-018-05825-3
1361:Astronomy and Astrophysics
1085:"Galactic Center Research"
609:
36:showing the position of S2
4753:
4687:
4661:
4626:
4605:
4596:
4521:
4465:
4456:
4356:
4263:
4252:
4156:
3749:
3639:
3106:
2573:
2368:
2190:
2181:
2143:
2086:. Galactic Center Group.
2006:The Astrophysical Journal
1926:The Astrophysical Journal
1416:The Astrophysical Journal
1274:"Black hole as peep-hole"
1181:The Astrophysical Journal
956:The Astrophysical Journal
837:The Astrophysical Journal
779:The Astrophysical Journal
605:
312:
305:
298:
172:
168:
142:
135:
120:
60:
24:
4473:NGC 6822 (Bubble Nebula)
1957:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5afd
1835:Sai Zhai (Aug 4, 2020).
1562:(Letter to the editor).
1029:Förster Schreiber, N. M.
988:10.3847/1538-4357/aa876f
596:Schwarzschild precession
560:or about 1400 times its
489:
3767:2MASS J19513587-3510375
3762:2MASS J18352154–3123385
1895:10.1126/science.1225506
1779:2020A&A...636L...5G
1689:10.1126/science.aav8137
1582:2018A&A...615L..15G
1384:2012A&A...545A..70S
1259:10.1093/mnras/284.3.576
1147:10.1126/science.aav8137
1055:2020A&A...636L...5G
890:Physical Review Letters
747:2009A&A...502...91S
646:gravitational red shift
616:In 2012, a star called
548:2018 pericentre passage
438:Schwarzschild geodesics
422:supermassive black hole
3757:2MASS 19281982-2640123
2158:Central Molecular Zone
1337:"Surfing a black hole"
585:gravitational redshift
579:) revealed a combined
285:Argument of periastron
4549:Large Molecule Heimat
424:in the center of the
252:Longitude of the node
244:133.818 ± 0.093°
4741:Nova Sagittarii 1982
4240:SWIFT J1756.9-2508 b
4225:OGLE-2018-BLG-1119Lb
4190:KMT-2022-BLG-0440L b
623:A still closer star
562:Schwarzschild radius
507:for the mass of the
360:distance of 17
277:2018.37974 ± 0.00015
4693:Astronomical events
4220:OGLE-2005-BLG-169Lb
4215:OGLE-2003-BLG-235Lb
3932:MACHO 176.18833.411
3023:V4647 (Pistol Star)
2210:β (Arkab Posterior)
2028:2005ApJ...628..246E
1948:2020ApJ...889...61P
1887:2012Sci...338...84M
1681:2019Sci...365..664D
1491:2018Natur.560...17W
1439:2009ApJ...692.1075G
1250:1997MNRAS.284..576E
1203:1998ApJ...509..678G
1139:2019Sci...365..664D
979:2017ApJ...847..120H
912:2017PhRvL.118u1101H
859:2003ApJ...597L.121E
801:2006ApJ...643.1011P
313:Database references
259:227.85 ± 0.19°
21:
4736:OGLE-2005-BLG-169L
4731:OGLE-2003-BLG-235L
4439:Quintuplet cluster
4210:MOA-2010-BLG-477Lb
4205:MOA-2009-BLG-387Lb
4200:MOA-2007-BLG-400Lb
4195:MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb
4185:K2-2016-BLG-0005Lb
4057:SWIFT J1756.9−2508
2230:ε (Kaus Australis)
2067:. 16 October 2002.
1815:Max Planck Society
1610:Max Planck Society
589:general relativity
581:transverse Doppler
554:the speed of light
496:general relativity
352:of about 970
300:Other designations
294:66.13 ± 0.12°
218:0.12540 ± 0.00018″
127:Spectral type
19:
4767:
4766:
4749:
4748:
4726:MOA-2011-BLG-262L
4721:MOA-2010-BLG-477L
4716:MOA-2009-BLG-387L
4711:MOA-2007-BLG-400L
4706:MOA-2007-BLG-192L
4683:
4682:
4657:
4656:
4592:
4591:
4574:Red Spider Nebula
4452:
4451:
4248:
4247:
4152:
4151:
3937:MACHO-1997-BLG-41
3917:K2-2016-BLG-0005L
3907:Gomez's Hamburger
3872:HETE J1900.1-2455
3807:CWISEP J1935-1546
2270:λ (Kaus Borealis)
2084:"animations page"
2063:(Press release).
1981:(Press release).
1665:(6454): 664–668.
1339:(Press release).
1123:(6454): 664–668.
675:at the Milky Way
564:. S2 reached its
538:Keplerian ellipse
331:
330:
231:0.88466 ± 0.00018
4872:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4796:
4795:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4775:
4759:
4758:
4689:
4688:
4663:
4662:
4603:
4602:
4463:
4462:
4261:
4260:
4158:
4157:
4032:SAX J1810.8−2609
4027:SAX J1808.4−3658
4022:SAX J1747.0−2853
3997:PSR J1748−2446ad
3659:164604 (Pincoya)
2188:
2187:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2090:. Archived from
2074:
2068:
2048:
2047:
2021:
2019:astro-ph/0502129
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1959:
1941:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1880:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:. April 16, 2020
1807:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1772:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1674:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1575:
1550:Genzel, Reinhard
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1470:
1459:
1458:
1432:
1423:(2): 1075–1109.
1410:
1404:
1403:
1377:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1196:
1194:astro-ph/9807210
1176:
1167:
1166:
1132:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1048:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1007:
1001:
1000:
990:
972:
946:
940:
939:
905:
885:
879:
878:
852:
850:astro-ph/0306220
843:(2): L121–L124.
832:
821:
820:
794:
792:astro-ph/0601268
785:(2): 1011–1035.
773:
767:
766:
740:
720:
687:
668:
656:
641:
520:
519:
515:
458:
342:the star cluster
336:, also known as
289:
274:
256:
215:
160:
158:
121:Characteristics
106:
101:
61:Observation data
30:
22:
18:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4865:Galactic Center
4840:
4839:
4838:
4828:
4826:
4816:
4814:
4804:
4802:
4790:
4780:
4778:
4770:
4768:
4763:
4745:
4679:
4667:Galaxy clusters
4653:
4622:
4588:
4539:HCN-0.009-0.044
4517:
4448:
4364:1806−20 cluster
4352:
4255:
4244:
4148:
3942:MACHO-98-BLG-35
3882:IRAS 18162−2048
3877:IRAS 17423-1755
3802:Bursting Pulsar
3745:
3635:
3102:
2569:
2364:
2205:β (Arkab Prior)
2177:
2153:Galactic Center
2139:
2134:
2097:
2095:
2082:
2072:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1922:
1918:
1871:(6103): 84–87.
1860:
1856:
1847:
1845:
1833:
1829:
1820:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1749:
1745:
1736:
1734:
1724:
1720:
1651:
1647:
1638:
1636:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1614:
1612:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1547:
1543:
1534:
1532:
1520:
1516:
1471:
1462:
1411:
1407:
1352:
1348:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1325:. 7 March 2018.
1321:
1320:
1316:
1292:Ghez, Andrea M.
1290:
1289:
1285:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1230:
1226:
1177:
1170:
1113:
1109:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1025:
1021:
1010:
1008:
1004:
947:
943:
886:
882:
833:
824:
774:
770:
721:
714:
710:
698:
691:
688:
679:
677:Galactic Center
669:
660:
657:
648:
642:
633:
614:
608:
573:Reinhard Genzel
550:
517:
513:
512:
505:
502:
492:
472:
452:
449:Galactic Center
401:. Based on its
399:
396:
350:semi-major axis
340:, is a star in
308:
290:
282:
264:
249:
211:Semi-major axis
208:
156:
154:
104:
99:Right ascension
97:
62:
56:
37:
34:Galactic Center
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4878:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4837:
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4824:
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4713:
4708:
4703:
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4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4374:Arches Cluster
4371:
4366:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
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4285:
4280:
4275:
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4106:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4052:Swift J1745-26
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3992:PSR J1747−2958
3989:
3987:PSR J1808−2024
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3947:NGC 6822-WR 12
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
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3333:
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3323:
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3128:
3123:
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2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2360:ω (Terebellum)
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
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2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2225:δ (Kaus Media)
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
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2144:
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2140:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2080:
2069:
2055:
2054:External links
2052:
2050:
2049:
2036:10.1086/430667
2012:(1): 246–259.
1995:
1970:
1916:
1854:
1827:
1802:
1743:
1718:
1645:
1621:
1597:
1541:
1514:
1460:
1405:
1356:Merritt, David
1346:
1328:
1314:
1283:
1265:
1244:(3): 576–598.
1224:
1211:10.1086/306528
1187:(2): 678–686.
1168:
1107:
1076:
1019:
1002:
941:
896:(21): 211101.
880:
867:10.1086/380188
822:
809:10.1086/503273
768:
711:
709:
706:
705:
704:
702:Lists of stars
697:
694:
693:
692:
689:
682:
680:
670:
663:
661:
658:
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649:
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636:
632:
629:
610:Main article:
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246:
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189:
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186:Sagittarius A*
183:
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2:
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4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4585:
4584:Trifid Nebula
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4569:Pistol Nebula
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4544:Lagoon Nebula
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
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4511:
4509:
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4380:
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4362:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
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4268:
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4251:
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4228:
4226:
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4218:
4216:
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4208:
4206:
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4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4145:
4144:XTE J1814−338
4142:
4140:
4139:XTE J1810−197
4137:
4135:
4134:XTE J1807−294
4132:
4130:
4129:XTE J1748−288
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
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4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
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4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
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4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3952:PSR B1744−24A
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3927:LS IV -12 111
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
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3808:
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3778:
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3768:
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3758:
3755:
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3752:
3748:
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3739:
3737:
3734:
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3727:
3724:
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3717:
3714:
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3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
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3689:
3687:
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3679:
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3642:
3638:
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3627:
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3612:
3609:
3607:
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3599:
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3579:
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3569:
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3562:
3559:
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3552:
3549:
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3519:
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3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
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3479:
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3404:
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3384:
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3379:
3377:
3374:
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3369:
3367:
3364:
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3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:ν (Ainalrami)
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2094:on 2018-09-03
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1831:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1324:
1318:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1173:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1097:on 2006-09-06
1093:
1086:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1017:
1013:
1006:
998:
994:
989:
984:
980:
976:
971:
966:
962:
958:
957:
952:
945:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
899:
895:
891:
884:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
846:
842:
838:
831:
829:
827:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
793:
788:
784:
780:
772:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
734:
731:(1): 91–111.
730:
726:
719:
717:
712:
703:
700:
699:
686:
681:
678:
674:
667:
662:
655:
650:
647:
640:
635:
634:
631:Image gallery
628:
626:
621:
619:
613:
603:
601:
597:
592:
591:predictions.
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
530:neutron stars
527:
522:
510:
506:
497:
487:
485:
481:
477:
467:
465:
460:
456:
450:
446:
441:
439:
434:
430:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
403:spectral type
400:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
327:
324:
322:
321:
317:
316:
311:
304:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
281:
280:
276:
273:
271:
268:
263:
262:
258:
255:
253:
248:
247:
243:
241:
239:
235:
234:
230:
228:
226:
222:
221:
217:
214:
212:
207:
206:
203:
199:
197:
195:
191:
190:
187:
184:
182:
179:
178:
175:
171:
167:
164:
153:
151:
150:
146:
145:
141:
138:
134:
130:
128:
125:
124:
119:
115:
113:
110:
109:
105:17 45 40.0442
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
89:
87:
86:Constellation
84:
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:
65:
59:
55:
51:
49:
45:
40:
35:
32:Image of the
29:
23:
4834:Solar System
4639:PKS 2000-330
4634:MRC 2011-298
4564:Omega Nebula
4379:CO-0.40-0.22
4001:
3982:PSR B1857−26
3977:PSR B1821−24
3972:PSR B1800−21
3967:PSR B1758−23
3962:PSR B1757−24
3957:PSR B1749−28
3912:G0.238-0.071
3832:GRS 1758-258
3827:GRO J1744−28
3673:
2562:
2305:π (Albaldah)
2096:. Retrieved
2092:the original
2009:
2005:
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1973:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1846:. Retrieved
1840:
1830:
1819:. Retrieved
1814:
1805:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1735:. Retrieved
1731:
1721:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1637:. Retrieved
1633:
1624:
1613:. Retrieved
1609:
1600:
1563:
1557:
1544:
1533:. Retrieved
1529:The Guardian
1527:
1517:
1485:(7716): 17.
1482:
1478:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1365:
1359:
1349:
1331:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1296:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1184:
1180:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1099:. Retrieved
1092:the original
1079:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1005:
960:
954:
944:
893:
889:
883:
840:
836:
782:
778:
771:
728:
724:
622:
615:
593:
570:
551:
534:white dwarfs
523:
493:
473:
470:Nomenclature
461:
453:7.94 ± 0.42
442:
411:
407:solar masses
368:or 120
337:
333:
332:
318:
283:
265:
250:
236:
225:Eccentricity
223:
209:
192:
180:
147:
53:
50:/ Gillessen
42:
38:
4822:Outer space
4810:Spaceflight
4579:Ring Nebula
4235:OGLE-TR-56b
4230:OGLE-TR-10b
4180:HD 181720 b
4175:HD 164604 b
4077:WD 0032−317
3922:LBV 1806-20
3867:Herschel 36
3797:BD -18 5550
2235:ζ (Ascella)
2173:Wow! signal
1634:www.eso.org
1278:ScienceNews
673:Sgr A*
577:Andrea Ghez
526:Sgr A*
509:Sgr A*
480:Sgr A*
464:Sgr A*
455:kiloparsecs
445:Sgr A*
433:Sgr A*
416:and at the
376:around the
362:light hours
291:(secondary)
238:Inclination
112:Declination
91:Sagittarius
4844:Categories
4529:Barnard 92
4434:Messier 75
4429:Messier 70
4424:Messier 69
4419:Messier 55
4414:Messier 54
4409:Messier 28
4404:Messier 25
4399:Messier 23
4394:Messier 22
4389:Messier 21
4384:Messier 18
4369:2MASS-GC02
4162:Exoplanets
3902:GCIRS 16SW
3837:GS 1826-24
3777:4U 1820-30
3772:4U 1755-33
2843:V3903 (11)
2220:γ (Alnasl)
2200:α (Rukbat)
2098:2016-04-12
1939:2002.02341
1848:2021-01-18
1842:Astrobites
1821:2021-01-18
1770:2004.07187
1737:2021-01-17
1672:1907.10731
1639:2021-01-17
1615:2021-01-17
1573:1807.09409
1535:2021-01-18
1130:1907.10731
1101:2013-03-26
1046:2004.07187
1039:(L5): L5.
970:1708.06353
963:(2): 120.
903:1705.07902
708:References
600:arcminutes
566:pericenter
542:point mass
476:arc-second
358:pericenter
267:Periastron
137:Astrometry
4786:Astronomy
4675:ESO 593-8
3812:GCIRS 13E
3782:A1742-294
2370:Flamsteed
2320:σ (Nunki)
2275:μ (Polis)
2044:122485461
1966:211043784
1878:1210.1294
1797:0004-6361
1713:198901506
1697:0036-8075
1430:0810.4674
1400:118358113
1375:1203.2625
1163:198901506
1071:215768928
997:119078556
936:206291276
738:0902.3892
426:Milky Way
384:from the
364:(18
181:Companion
4761:Category
4618:NGC 6902
4613:NGC 6822
4598:Galaxies
4534:G1.9+0.3
4513:NGC 6818
4508:NGC 6590
4503:NGC 6589
4498:NGC 6578
4493:NGC 6565
4488:NGC 6563
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4343:NGC 6717
4338:NGC 6642
4333:NGC 6638
4328:NGC 6624
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4318:NGC 6569
4313:NGC 6558
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1155:31346138
928:28598651
875:16425333
817:14440768
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356:, and a
200:16.0518
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3887:GCIRS 3
3862:HATS-36
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2078:YouTube
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1988:26 July
1944:Bibcode
1911:6029405
1883:Bibcode
1865:Science
1775:Bibcode
1677:Bibcode
1659:Science
1578:Bibcode
1566:: L15.
1487:Bibcode
1455:1431308
1435:Bibcode
1380:Bibcode
1368:: A70.
1308:so much
1246:Bibcode
1199:Bibcode
1135:Bibcode
1117:Science
1051:Bibcode
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975:Bibcode
908:Bibcode
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4082:WR 102
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3847:GX 5-1
3842:GX 3-1
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3731:190647
3726:187150
3721:187085
3716:183577
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3706:181342
3701:180902
3696:175754
3691:175390
3686:171238
3681:170657
3675:169142
3669:165052
3664:164816
3654:163758
3649:163296
2564:63 Oph
2548:62 (c)
2543:61 (g)
2538:60 (A)
2533:59 (b)
2523:56 (f)
2518:55 (e)
2513:54 (e)
2503:52 (h)
2498:51 (h)
2488:43 (d)
2042:
1964:
1909:
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1732:Medium
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1310:better
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763:219559
761:
618:S0–102
612:S0–102
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3038:V4743
3033:V4728
3028:V4650
3018:V4641
3013:V4633
3008:V4580
3003:V4444
2998:V4434
2993:V4407
2988:V4405
2983:V4387
2978:V4381
2973:V4375
2968:V4371
2963:V4334
2958:V4333
2953:V4332
2948:V4200
2943:V4199
2938:V4198
2933:V4190
2928:V4169
2923:V4160
2918:V4140
2913:V4138
2908:V4091
2903:V4089
2898:V4072
2893:V4064
2888:V4050
2883:V4046
2878:V4030
2873:V4029
2868:V4028
2863:V4024
2858:V4021
2853:V3984
2848:V3961
2838:V3894
2833:V3892
2828:V3890
2823:V3885
2818:V3879
2813:V3804
2808:V3795
2803:V3792
2798:V1942
2793:V1647
2788:V1223
2783:V1216
2778:V1059
2773:V1017
2593:X (3)
2215:γ (W)
2192:Bayer
2183:Stars
2040:S2CID
2014:arXiv
1962:S2CID
1934:arXiv
1907:S2CID
1873:arXiv
1765:arXiv
1709:S2CID
1667:arXiv
1568:arXiv
1451:S2CID
1425:arXiv
1396:S2CID
1370:arXiv
1215:S2CID
1189:arXiv
1159:S2CID
1125:arXiv
1095:(PDF)
1088:(PDF)
1067:S2CID
1041:arXiv
993:S2CID
965:arXiv
932:S2CID
898:arXiv
871:S2CID
845:arXiv
813:S2CID
787:arXiv
759:S2CID
733:arXiv
490:Orbit
270:epoch
174:Orbit
155:7,940
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3321:7104
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2733:V523
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2723:V440
2718:V356
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2708:V348
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1899:PMID
1793:ISSN
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1151:PMID
924:PMID
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4466:NGC
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2076:on
2032:doi
2010:628
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1930:889
1891:doi
1869:338
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