2454:
719:
71:
2428:
2490:
2514:
2466:
2502:
639:, the orbits of moons tend to be aligned with the giant planet's equator, because these formed in circumplanetary disks. Strictly speaking, this applies only to regular satellites. Captured bodies on distant orbits vary widely in their inclinations, while captured bodies in relatively close orbits tend to have low inclinations owing to tidal effects and perturbations by large regular satellites.
2478:
40:
509:, the plane of the satellite's orbit is the same as the Earth's equatorial plane, and the satellite's orbital inclination is 0°. The general case for a circular orbit is that it is tilted, spending half an orbit over the northern hemisphere and half over the southern. If the orbit swung between 20° north
666:
Since the word "inclination" is used in exoplanet studies for this line-of-sight inclination, the angle between the planet's orbit and its star's rotational axis is expressed using the term the "spin-orbit angle" or "spin-orbit alignment". In most cases the orientation of the star's rotational axis
1175:
and on the orbits of other moons in the Solar System. He showed that, for each planet, there is a distance such that moons closer to the planet than that distance maintain an almost constant orbital inclination with respect to the planet's equator (with an
1208:
For planets and other rotating celestial bodies, the angle of the equatorial plane relative to the orbital plane – such as the tilt of the Earth's poles toward or away from the Sun – is sometimes also called inclination, but less ambiguous terms are
674:
more easily finds planets with orbits closer to edge-on, most exoplanets found by this method have inclinations between 45° and 135°, although in most cases the inclination is not known. Consequently, most exoplanets found by radial velocity have
634:
not too far from their star, with a large planet–moon distance, the orbital planes of moons tend to be aligned with the planet's orbit around the star due to tides from the star, but if the planet–moon distance is small, it may be inclined. For
829:
584:
is measured relative to the equatorial plane of the body they orbit, if they orbit sufficiently closely. The equatorial plane is the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the central body.
553:, the plane in which the Earth orbits the Sun. This reference plane is most practical for Earth-based observers. Therefore, Earth's inclination is, by definition, zero.
856:
1373:
1196:. But he found that the Moon, although it was once inside the critical distance from the Earth, never had an equatorial orbit as would be expected from various
876:
771:
748:
1180:
mostly due to the tidal influence of the planet), whereas moons farther away maintain an almost constant orbital inclination with respect to the
610:
1267:
780:
1530:
893:
Most planetary orbits in the Solar System have relatively small inclinations, both in relation to each other and to the Sun's equator:
659:
An inclination of 0° is a face-on orbit, meaning the plane of the exoplanet's orbit is perpendicular to the line of sight with Earth.
1580:
Kaveh
Pahlevan & Alessandro Morbidelli (26 November 2015). "Collisionless encounters and the origin of the lunar inclination".
1430:
662:
An inclination of 90° is an edge-on orbit, meaning the plane of the exoplanet's orbit is parallel to the line of sight with Earth.
466:
2305:
683:. If the orbit is almost face-on, especially for superjovians detected by radial velocity, then those objects may actually be
2365:
238:
655:
is the angle of the plane of the orbit relative to the plane perpendicular to the line of sight from Earth to the object.
307:
1455:
1184:(with precession due mostly to the tidal influence of the sun). The moons in the first category, with the exception of
1329:
1300:
2360:
2240:
1659:
1459:
2453:
2325:
2079:
587:
An inclination of 30° could also be described using an angle of 150°. The convention is that the normal orbit is
2398:
2037:
2028:
1765:
1356:
128:
2345:
1815:
1222:
33:
2290:
459:
392:
17:
564:(the plane that represents the angular momentum of the Solar System, approximately the orbital plane of
2444:
2270:
2097:
1321:
1257:
2408:
1200:. This is called the lunar inclination problem, to which various solutions have since been proposed.
774:
2393:
1918:
1543:
1344:
882:
599:
An inclination of 0° means the orbiting body has a prograde orbit in the planet's equatorial plane.
387:
302:
1374:"Spin-orbit alignment of exoplanet systems: Analysis of an ensemble of asteroseismic observations"
881:
Mutual inclination of two orbits may be calculated from their inclinations to another plane using
2403:
1711:
751:
258:
2265:
1867:
1787:
1775:
591:, an orbit in the same direction as the planet rotates. Inclinations greater than 90° describe
452:
175:
2388:
2330:
2300:
2088:
1965:
1933:
1903:
1862:
1847:
1726:
1502:
360:
195:
103:
2413:
2235:
2019:
1908:
1877:
1805:
1780:
1755:
1716:
1697:
1652:
1599:
1552:
1511:
1388:
1097:
834:
718:
676:
671:
581:
233:
190:
180:
108:
8:
2518:
2275:
1810:
1154:
275:
1603:
1556:
1515:
1434:
1392:
1357:
Moon formation and orbital evolution in extrasolar planetary systems-A literature review
1192:, orbit near the equatorial plane. He concluded that these moons formed from equatorial
2506:
2494:
1948:
1837:
1735:
1623:
1589:
1484:
1404:
1197:
926:
861:
756:
733:
631:
534:
491:
348:
223:
50:
1431:"The mean plane (invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter"
2315:
2213:
2143:
1898:
1852:
1770:
1615:
1408:
1325:
1296:
1227:
1172:
592:
577:
263:
200:
79:
2470:
2295:
2227:
1991:
1953:
1827:
1797:
1750:
1627:
1607:
1560:
1519:
1396:
1177:
933:
917:
561:
522:
499:
433:
382:
147:
91:
2534:
2335:
1928:
1832:
1822:
1721:
1645:
1252:
1168:
722:
Components of the calculation of the orbital inclination from the momentum vector
602:
An inclination greater than 0° and less than 90° also describes a prograde orbit.
438:
343:
253:
228:
2458:
2431:
2383:
2375:
2370:
2255:
2250:
2181:
2161:
2152:
1745:
1731:
1707:
1702:
1677:
1193:
707:
556:
Inclination can instead be measured with respect to another plane, such as the
538:
410:
326:
320:
243:
168:
162:
157:
1400:
609:, when describing artificial satellites orbiting the Earth, because they have
2528:
2285:
2280:
2199:
1842:
1760:
1463:
1345:
Arctic
Communications System Utilizing Satellites in Highly Elliptical Orbits
1189:
1157:
have inclinations to the ecliptic of 17° and 44° respectively, and the large
727:
588:
495:
415:
248:
205:
1523:
2482:
2350:
2260:
2134:
2117:
1975:
1872:
1740:
1619:
1262:
1247:
1147:
1074:
680:
133:
123:
118:
1579:
1315:
2355:
2190:
1960:
1940:
1857:
1534:
684:
652:
623:
An inclination greater than 90° and less than 180° is a retrograde orbit.
617:
549:. For planets in the Solar System, the plane of reference is usually the
297:
1611:
1923:
1637:
1242:
1232:
1210:
377:
333:
292:
70:
545:, the plane of reference is usually the plane containing the planet's
2340:
1692:
1003:
999:
688:
648:
636:
1594:
1565:
1538:
1181:
1161:
1158:
1113:
907:
692:
550:
513:
and 20° south latitude, then its orbital inclination would be 20°.
510:
2245:
1237:
1185:
1129:
1058:
1010:
699:, corresponding to an M6V star, while its minimum mass was 9.28 M
565:
546:
506:
626:
An inclination of exactly 180° is a retrograde equatorial orbit.
1500:
Peter
Goldreich (November 1966). "History of the Lunar Orbit".
1042:
1026:
542:
1387:(General Assembly A29B). Cambridge University Press: 636–641.
1359:, K Lewis – EPJ Web of Conferences, 2011 – epj-conferences.org
1268:
Space
Shuttle Columbia disaster: Possible emergency procedures
620:, in which the spacecraft passes over the poles of the planet.
2050:
1669:
1529:
1488:
1150:
1081:
965:
949:
530:
526:
487:
483:
98:
706:
If the orbit is almost edge-on, then the planet can be seen
1292:
983:
2477:
824:{\displaystyle i=\arccos {\frac {h_{z}}{\left|h\right|}}}
557:
39:
29:
Angle between a reference plane and the plane of an orbit
1316:
McBride, Neil; Bland, Philip A.; Gilmour, Iain (2004).
642:
505:
For a satellite orbiting the Earth directly above the
2442:
864:
837:
783:
759:
736:
571:
525:
describing the shape and orientation of a celestial
1381:
870:
850:
823:
765:
742:
32:"Inclination" redirects here. For other uses, see
1371:
486:around a celestial body. It is expressed as the
2526:
1499:
1171:published a classic paper on the evolution of
1653:
460:
1460:Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
1428:
888:
49:(dark green), along with other fundamental
43:Fig. 1: Orbital inclination represented by
2427:
1660:
1646:
1367:
1365:
605:An inclination of 63.4° is often called a
467:
453:
1593:
1564:
1667:
1422:
1286:
717:
38:
1362:
14:
2527:
2306:Transposition, docking, and extraction
1453:
1641:
1372:Tiago L. Campante (27 October 2016).
898:
502:of direction of the orbiting object.
1539:"Evolution of the Earth-Moon system"
773:(or any vector perpendicular to the
679:no more than 40% greater than their
643:Exoplanets and multiple star systems
1478:
1318:An Introduction to the Solar System
616:An inclination of exactly 90° is a
24:
1347:, Lars Løge – Section 3.1, Page 17
533:between the orbital plane and the
521:The inclination is one of the six
25:
2546:
2366:Kepler's laws of planetary motion
572:Natural and artificial satellites
482:measures the tilt of an object's
239:Kepler's laws of planetary motion
2512:
2500:
2488:
2476:
2464:
2452:
2426:
2361:Interplanetary Transport Network
2241:Collision avoidance (spacecraft)
1203:
1136:
1120:
1104:
69:
2326:Astronomical coordinate systems
2080:Longitude of the ascending node
2399:Retrograde and prograde motion
1573:
1493:
1350:
1338:
1309:
1287:Chobotov, Vladimir A. (2002).
1280:
713:
630:For impact-generated moons of
13:
1:
1429:Heider, K.P. (3 April 2009).
1273:
576:The inclination of orbits of
541:. For a satellite orbiting a
2346:Equatorial coordinate system
1223:Horizontal coordinate system
695:B, which has true mass 142 M
691:. One particular example is
34:Inclination (disambiguation)
7:
1216:
393:Tsiolkovsky rocket equation
10:
2551:
2098:Longitude of the periapsis
1489:http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
1322:Cambridge University Press
1258:Orbital inclination change
901:
362:Engineering and efficiency
181:Bi-elliptic transfer orbit
31:
2422:
2409:Specific angular momentum
2314:
2226:
2170:
2106:
2059:
1999:
1990:
1886:
1796:
1685:
1676:
1401:10.1017/S1743921316006232
1073:
998:
925:
889:Observations and theories
750:can be computed from the
516:
1544:The Astronomical Journal
1198:scenarios for its origin
388:Propellant mass fraction
287:Gravitational influences
2404:Specific orbital energy
1524:10.1029/RG004i004p00411
1146:On the other hand, the
752:orbital momentum vector
653:multi-star star systems
259:Specific orbital energy
1816:Geostationary transfer
883:cosine rule for angles
872:
858:is the z-component of
852:
825:
767:
744:
723:
672:radial-velocity method
176:Hohmann transfer orbit
53:
2389:Orbital state vectors
2331:Characteristic energy
2301:Trans-lunar injection
2089:Argument of periapsis
1766:Prograde / Retrograde
1727:Hyperbolic trajectory
1503:Reviews of Geophysics
1485:Planetary Fact Sheets
873:
853:
851:{\displaystyle h_{z}}
826:
768:
745:
721:
582:artificial satellites
537:, normally stated in
372:Preflight engineering
104:Argument of periapsis
42:
2236:Bi-elliptic transfer
1756:Parabolic trajectory
1528:Termed "classic" by
1458:(computer program).
1164:is inclined at 34°.
862:
835:
781:
757:
734:
607:critical inclination
428:Propulsive maneuvers
2276:Low-energy transfer
1612:10.1038/nature16137
1604:2015Natur.527..492P
1557:1994AJ....108.1943T
1516:1966RvGSP...4..411G
1393:2016IAUFM..29B.636C
647:The inclination of
632:terrestrial planets
480:Orbital inclination
405:Efficiency measures
308:Sphere of influence
277:Celestial mechanics
59:Part of a series on
2271:Inclination change
1919:Distant retrograde
1454:Vitagliano, Aldo.
1295:. pp. 28–30.
1178:orbital precession
868:
848:
821:
763:
740:
730:, the inclination
724:
595:(backward). Thus:
560:'s equator or the
535:plane of reference
224:Dynamical friction
54:
51:orbital parameters
2440:
2439:
2414:Two-line elements
2222:
2221:
2144:Eccentric anomaly
1986:
1985:
1853:Orbit of the Moon
1712:Highly elliptical
1588:(7579): 492–494.
1537:(November 1994).
1289:Orbital Mechanics
1228:Axial parallelism
1144:
1143:
871:{\displaystyle h}
819:
766:{\displaystyle h}
743:{\displaystyle i}
611:zero apogee drift
593:retrograde orbits
477:
476:
327:Lagrangian points
264:Vis-viva equation
234:Kepler's equation
81:Orbital mechanics
16:(Redirected from
2542:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2481:
2480:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2457:
2456:
2448:
2430:
2429:
2371:Lagrangian point
2266:Hohmann transfer
2211:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2115:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2048:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2017:
1997:
1996:
1966:Heliosynchronous
1915:Lagrange points
1868:Transatmospheric
1683:
1682:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1597:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1527:
1497:
1491:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1462:. Archived from
1446:
1444:
1442:
1433:. Archived from
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1291:(3rd ed.).
1284:
1173:the Moon's orbit
896:
895:
877:
875:
874:
869:
857:
855:
854:
849:
847:
846:
830:
828:
827:
822:
820:
818:
807:
806:
797:
772:
770:
769:
764:
749:
747:
746:
741:
562:invariable plane
523:orbital elements
469:
462:
455:
434:Orbital maneuver
383:Payload fraction
363:
344:Lissajous orbits
278:
249:Orbital velocity
196:Hyperbolic orbit
92:Orbital elements
82:
73:
56:
55:
21:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2451:
2443:
2441:
2436:
2418:
2336:Escape velocity
2317:
2310:
2291:Rocket equation
2218:
2210:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2113:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2055:
2046:
2042:
2038:Semi-minor axis
2033:
2029:Semi-major axis
2024:
2015:
2009:
1982:
1904:Areosynchronous
1888:
1882:
1863:Sun-synchronous
1848:Near-equatorial
1792:
1672:
1666:
1636:
1635:
1578:
1574:
1498:
1494:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1456:"Solex 10"
1450:
1449:produced using
1440:
1438:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1324:. p. 248.
1314:
1310:
1303:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1253:Kozai mechanism
1219:
1206:
1194:accretion disks
1169:Peter Goldreich
1076:
1005:
1002:
972:
928:
919:
913:
902:Inclination to
891:
863:
860:
859:
842:
838:
836:
833:
832:
808:
802:
798:
796:
782:
779:
778:
758:
755:
754:
735:
732:
731:
716:
702:
698:
645:
574:
519:
492:reference plane
473:
444:
443:
439:Orbit insertion
429:
421:
420:
406:
398:
397:
373:
365:
361:
354:
353:
349:Lyapunov orbits
340:
339:
323:
313:
312:
288:
280:
276:
269:
268:
254:Surface gravity
229:Escape velocity
219:
211:
210:
191:Parabolic orbit
187:
186:
153:
151:
148:two-body orbits
139:
138:
129:Semi-major axis
94:
84:
80:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2548:
2538:
2537:
2522:
2521:
2509:
2497:
2485:
2473:
2461:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2432:List of orbits
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2384:Orbit equation
2381:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2256:Gravity assist
2253:
2251:Delta-v budget
2248:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2208:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2182:Orbital period
2174:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2162:True longitude
2155:
2153:Mean longitude
2146:
2137:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1909:Areostationary
1906:
1901:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1878:Very low Earth
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1806:Geosynchronous
1802:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1788:Transfer orbit
1785:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1746:Lagrange point
1743:
1738:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1668:Gravitational
1665:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1572:
1566:10.1086/117209
1510:(4): 411–439.
1492:
1477:
1466:on 24 May 2015
1452:
1451:
1437:on 3 June 2013
1421:
1361:
1349:
1337:
1330:
1308:
1301:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1218:
1215:
1213:or obliquity.
1205:
1202:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1008:
996:
995:
992:
989:
986:
980:
979:
976:
973:
970:
968:
962:
961:
958:
955:
952:
946:
945:
942:
939:
936:
931:
923:
922:
915:
910:
904:
903:
900:
890:
887:
867:
845:
841:
817:
814:
811:
805:
801:
795:
792:
789:
786:
762:
739:
715:
712:
700:
696:
681:minimum masses
664:
663:
660:
651:or members of
644:
641:
628:
627:
624:
621:
614:
603:
600:
573:
570:
518:
515:
475:
474:
472:
471:
464:
457:
449:
446:
445:
442:
441:
436:
430:
427:
426:
423:
422:
419:
418:
413:
411:Gravity assist
407:
404:
403:
400:
399:
396:
395:
390:
385:
380:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
359:
356:
355:
352:
351:
346:
338:
337:
329:
325:
324:
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:
310:
305:
300:
295:
289:
286:
285:
282:
281:
274:
271:
270:
267:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
244:Orbital period
241:
236:
231:
226:
220:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
206:Decaying orbit
203:
198:
193:
185:
184:
178:
171:
169:Transfer orbit
167:
166:
165:
163:Elliptic orbit
160:
158:Circular orbit
154:
145:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
95:
90:
89:
86:
85:
78:
75:
74:
66:
65:
61:
60:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2547:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2433:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:-body problem
2378:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2281:Oberth effect
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2200:Orbital speed
2194:
2192:
2185:
2183:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2156:
2154:
2147:
2145:
2138:
2136:
2121:
2119:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2092:
2090:
2083:
2081:
2074:
2072:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2041:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2023:
2021:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1954:Earth's orbit
1952:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1811:Geostationary
1809:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1496:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1366:
1358:
1353:
1346:
1341:
1333:
1331:0-521-54620-6
1327:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1304:
1302:1-56347-537-5
1298:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:Kepler orbits
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1204:Other meaning
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1148:dwarf planets
1139:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1001:
997:
993:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
977:
974:
969:
967:
964:
963:
959:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
943:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
924:
921:
916:
911:
909:
906:
905:
897:
894:
886:
884:
879:
865:
843:
839:
815:
812:
809:
803:
799:
793:
790:
787:
784:
776:
775:orbital plane
760:
753:
737:
729:
728:astrodynamics
720:
711:
709:
704:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
668:
661:
658:
657:
656:
654:
650:
640:
638:
633:
625:
622:
619:
615:
612:
608:
604:
601:
598:
597:
596:
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
569:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
514:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
496:orbital plane
493:
489:
485:
481:
470:
465:
463:
458:
456:
451:
450:
448:
447:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
425:
424:
417:
416:Oberth effect
414:
412:
409:
408:
402:
401:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
369:
368:
364:
358:
357:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
335:
331:
330:
328:
322:
321:N-body orbits
317:
316:
309:
306:
304:
303:Perturbations
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
284:
283:
279:
273:
272:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
215:
214:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
188:
182:
179:
177:
173:
172:
170:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
149:
143:
142:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
124:Orbital nodes
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
96:
93:
88:
87:
83:
77:
76:
72:
68:
67:
64:Astrodynamics
63:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
41:
35:
27:
19:
2519:Solar System
2394:Perturbation
2376:
2351:Ground track
2261:Gravity turn
2212:
2205:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2135:True anomaly
2133:
2118:Mean anomaly
2116:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2049:
2036:
2027:
2020:Eccentricity
2018:
1976:Lunar cycler
1949:Heliocentric
1889:other points
1838:Medium Earth
1736:Non-inclined
1585:
1581:
1575:
1548:
1542:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1464:the original
1439:. Retrieved
1435:the original
1424:
1412:. Retrieved
1384:
1380:
1352:
1340:
1317:
1311:
1288:
1282:
1263:Orbital pole
1207:
1166:
1145:
892:
880:
725:
705:
685:brown dwarfs
670:Because the
669:
667:is unknown.
665:
646:
629:
606:
586:
575:
555:
529:. It is the
520:
504:
479:
478:
201:Radial orbit
152:eccentricity
134:True anomaly
119:Mean anomaly
113:
109:Eccentricity
45:
44:
26:
2507:Outer space
2495:Spaceflight
2356:Hill sphere
2191:Mean motion
2071:Inclination
2060:Orientation
1961:Mars cycler
1899:Areocentric
1771:Synchronous
1535:Jack Wisdom
1531:Jihad Touma
1470:23 November
1414:27 February
714:Calculation
677:true masses
618:polar orbit
334:Halo orbits
298:Hill sphere
114:Inclination
18:Inclination
2296:Rendezvous
1992:Parameters
1828:High Earth
1798:Geocentric
1751:Osculating
1708:Elliptical
1595:1603.06515
1274:References
1243:Beta angle
1233:Axial tilt
1211:axial tilt
918:Invariable
710:its star.
708:transiting
689:red dwarfs
649:exoplanets
637:gas giants
490:between a
378:Mass ratio
293:Barycenter
2471:Astronomy
2341:Ephemeris
2318:mechanics
2228:Maneuvers
2171:Variation
1934:Libration
1929:Lissajous
1833:Low Earth
1823:Graveyard
1722:Horseshoe
1409:126328423
1167:In 1966,
1000:Gas &
794:
218:Equations
146:Types of
2529:Category
2107:Position
1732:Inclined
1703:Circular
1620:26607544
1551:: 1943.
1441:10 April
1217:See also
1188:'s moon
1182:ecliptic
1159:asteroid
914:equator
908:Ecliptic
693:HD 33636
687:or even
589:prograde
551:ecliptic
511:latitude
494:and the
2459:Physics
2445:Portals
2316:Orbital
2286:Phasing
2246:Delta-v
2051:Apsides
2045:,
1843:Molniya
1761:Parking
1698:Capture
1686:General
1628:4456736
1600:Bibcode
1553:Bibcode
1512:Bibcode
1389:Bibcode
1238:Azimuth
1186:Neptune
1137:
1124:34.21°
1121:
1118:34.83°
1105:
1102:10.59°
1092:15.55°
1089:11.88°
1086:17.14°
1077:planets
1059:Neptune
1011:Jupiter
934:Mercury
929:strials
578:natural
566:Jupiter
547:equator
539:degrees
507:Equator
2535:Orbits
1972:Other
1873:Tundra
1741:Kepler
1717:Escape
1670:orbits
1626:
1618:
1582:Nature
1533:&
1407:
1328:
1299:
1190:Triton
1162:Pallas
1140:7.13°
1134:5.58°
1114:Pallas
1108:9.20°
1069:0.72°
1066:6.43°
1063:1.77°
1053:1.02°
1050:6.48°
1047:0.77°
1043:Uranus
1037:0.93°
1034:5.51°
1031:2.49°
1027:Saturn
1021:0.32°
1018:6.09°
1015:1.31°
1006:giants
994:1.67°
991:5.65°
988:1.85°
978:1.57°
975:7.25°
960:2.19°
957:3.86°
954:3.39°
944:6.34°
941:3.38°
938:7.01°
927:Terre-
912:Sun's
831:where
791:arccos
543:planet
517:Orbits
2483:Stars
2214:Epoch
2003:Shape
1941:Lunar
1895:Mars
1887:About
1858:Polar
1678:Types
1624:S2CID
1590:arXiv
1487:, at
1405:S2CID
1377:(PDF)
1151:Pluto
1130:Vesta
1098:Ceres
1082:Pluto
1075:Minor
966:Earth
950:Venus
920:plane
899:Body
777:) as
531:angle
527:orbit
488:angle
484:orbit
99:Apsis
2006:Size
1945:Sun
1924:Halo
1776:semi
1616:PMID
1472:2010
1443:2009
1416:2022
1326:ISBN
1297:ISBN
1293:AIAA
1155:Eris
1153:and
984:Mars
500:axis
1781:sub
1693:Box
1608:doi
1586:527
1561:doi
1549:108
1520:doi
1397:doi
1004:ice
726:In
580:or
568:).
558:Sun
498:or
150:by
2531::
2129:,
2125:,
1734:/
1710:/
1622:.
1614:.
1606:.
1598:.
1584:.
1559:.
1547:.
1541:.
1518:.
1506:.
1403:.
1395:.
1385:11
1383:.
1379:.
1364:^
1320:.
971:0°
885:.
878:.
703:.
2447::
2377:n
2209:0
2206:t
2196:v
2187:n
2178:T
2158:l
2149:L
2140:E
2131:f
2127:θ
2123:ν
2114:M
2094:ϖ
2085:ω
2076:Ω
2067:i
2047:q
2043:Q
2034:b
2025:a
2016:e
1661:e
1654:t
1647:v
1630:.
1610::
1602::
1592::
1569:.
1563::
1555::
1526:.
1522::
1514::
1508:4
1474:.
1445:.
1418:.
1399::
1391::
1334:.
1305:.
866:h
844:z
840:h
816:|
813:h
810:|
804:z
800:h
788:=
785:i
761:h
738:i
701:J
697:J
613:.
468:e
461:t
454:v
336:)
332:(
183:)
174:(
46:i
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
