105:
20:
183:
perpendicular to the length of the trench images many distinct velocity layers. The sedimentary wedge created by subduction has four distinct layers with p-wave velocities of 1.8 km/s, 2.8-2.9 km/s, 3.5 km/s, and 4.5â5 km/s. In the area of this transect, the wedge reaches a thickness of 9 km at 50 km from the trench. Beneath the wedge are several seismic layers within the oceanic crust.
156:
transform fault motion is involved in the displacement, but rather the trench is continuous up to the northeast continental margin of Taiwan. A third hypothesis maintains that the trench is continuous through the continental margin right up to the northeastern Taiwan coastline, also without the existence of a dextral north-south trending fault.
171:
constrain the dip angle of the
Philippine Sea Plate along the Ryukyu trench. In the Northern part of the Ryukyu trench, the dip of the Philippine Sea Plate is shallow at shallow depth, reaching only about 11° in the first 50 km, and steeper at deeper depths, reaching 70° below about 70 km.
194:
studies provide insight into the structure of the northern end of the Ryukyu trench region. Features of note include a thick (7â12 km) low velocity (4â5 km/s) zone on the landward side of the trench, the existence of subducting paleo-arc crust near the top of the trench in contrast to
182:
velocity structure of the area. In the northern part of the trench, several transects have been studied, including a profile of the back arc region parallel to the trench, a transect spanning the trench, fore arc and back arc region, and a transect spanning the Ryukyu volcanic arc. The transect
155:
Near 122°E (about 100 km East of the Taiwan Coast), the Ryukyu Arc is displaced to the north relative to the eastern extent of the arc. One hypothesis is that a north trending dextral transform faults has displaced this section of the arc to the north. A competing hypothesis claims that no
151:
of Taiwan could be the westward continuation of this trough, but the Yilan Plain sits on the forearc side of the Ryukyu Trench system. This may indicate that the Yilan Plain represents a former spreading centre that sits trench-ward of the current spreading centre and volcanic arc.
204:
7.5 1968 Hyuganada earthquake. It has been hypothesized that the above structural heterogeneity, in particular the subducting paleo-arc crust and its associated bathymetric highs, is one reason why earthquakes in this region are not larger i.e. exceeding
195:
simple oceanic crust located at the middle of the trench, and a zone in which the
Philippine Plate subducts beneath low P-wave velocity material (Vp = 5 km/s) that coincides with the location of the
474:
Kodaira, S; T. Iwasaki; T. Urabe; T. Kanazawa; F. Egloff; J. Makris; H. Shimamura (15 October 1996). "Crustal structure across the middle Ryukyu trench obtained from ocean bottom seismographic data".
132:
of the slab changes dramatically from one end of the trench to the other as noted in the next section. Such depth and dip inferences of this area are consistent with the positions of the overlying
116:
associated with the Ryukyu Trench occurs off the east coast of Taiwan. This seismic zone is continuous laterally for 50 km and to 150 km depth. The
88:
to the northeast, subduction of the
Philippine plate has produced 34 volcanoes. The largest earthquake to have been recorded along the Ryukyu Trench, the
209: 8.0. The exact mechanism by which the subduction of paleo-arc crust prevents sufficient stress build up for a larger earthquake is unknown.
363:
871:
891:
445:
886:
508:
172:
In contrast, the slab dip in the central and southern parts of the Ryukyu trench is more gentle, reaching only 40-50° at 70 km depth.
537:
559:
261:
76:
and southern Japan. The trench has a maximum depth of 7460 m (24,476 ft). The trench is the result of oceanic crust of the
92:, was magnitude 7.5 and occurred along the northernmost part of the trench on 1 April 1968. This earthquake also produced a
399:"Co-seismic slip, post-seismic slip, and aftershocks associated with two large earthquakes in 1996 in Hyuga-nada, Japan"
786:
666:
696:
552:
701:
233:
89:
896:
567:
375:
323:"Seismic Structure of the Northern End of the Ryukyu Trench Subduction Zone, Southeast of Kyushu, Japan"
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449:
731:
568:
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593:
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137:
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338:
124:
indicating that the
Philippine Sea Plate is subducting at an angle of about 45° beneath the
850:
611:
483:
410:
334:
269:
223:
218:
8:
133:
16:
Oceanic trench along the southeastern edge of Japan's Ryukyu
Islands in the Pacific Ocean
487:
495:
834:
711:
765:
671:
491:
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342:
77:
654:
143:
The region behind (N and NW of) the Ryukyu Arc is a bathymetric low known as the
364:"The Caldera Eruptions in Ryukyu Arc: As Inferred the Thermal Anomaly in Kyushu"
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53:
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at a rate of approximately 52 mm/yr. In conjunction with the adjacent
741:
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322:
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658:
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99:
473:
93:
179:
73:
292:
57:
321:
Nishiwaza, Azusa; Kentaro Kaneda; Mitsuhiro Oikawa (2009).
23:
Red line indicates the bathymetric low of the Ryukyu Trench
80:
obliquely subducting beneath the continental crust of the
396:
178:
studies of the Ryukyu trench provide insight into the
290:
108:
Undersea geographic features of the western
Pacific
100:Ryukyu Trench and Ryukyu Arc structure near Taiwan
448:. CENTRAL GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, MOEA. Archived from
863:
167:methods combined with earthquake studies of the
374:(3). Science Links Japan: 90â91. Archived from
39:
33:
553:
368:Journal of the Balneological Society of Japan
284:
560:
546:
397:Yuji, Yagi; M. Kikuchi; T. Sagiya (2001).
316:
314:
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120:of earthquakes at this location outline a
422:
361:
346:
197:
440:
438:
436:
434:
256:
254:
103:
18:
469:
467:
307:
291:Allaby, Alissa; Michael Allaby (1999).
56:located along the southeastern edge of
52:, is a 1398 km (868 mi) long
872:Oceanic trenches of the Philippine Sea
864:
355:
892:Natural history of the Ryukyu Islands
541:
431:
251:
887:Natural history of the Bonin Islands
464:
390:
159:
13:
787:Eastern margin of the Sea of Japan
14:
913:
446:"Cenozoic Plate Tectonic Setting"
667:Aomori Bay West Coast Fault Zone
697:Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line
1:
496:10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00025-X
362:Chang-Hwa, Chang-Hwa (2003).
244:
268:. Oceana.org. Archived from
7:
212:
40:
10:
918:
707:Japan Median Tectonic Line
687:Futagawa-Hinagu fault zone
234:1968 Hyƫga-nada earthquake
90:1968 Hyƫga-nada earthquake
843:
760:
653:
625:
592:
188:ocean bottom seismography
176:Ocean bottom seismography
165:Ocean bottom seismography
34:
403:Earth, Planets and Space
327:Earth, Planets and Space
732:Philippine Fault System
415:2001EP&S...53..793Y
339:2009EP&S...61E..37N
72:, between northeastern
727:Northeastern Japan Arc
645:Philippine Mobile Belt
138:Chilung volcano groups
109:
24:
702:IzuâBoninâMariana Arc
192:multi-channel seismic
107:
22:
851:Boso Triple Junction
792:IzuâOgasawara Trench
612:Philippine Sea Plate
224:Philippine Sea Plate
219:Pacific Ring of Fire
112:An east-west planar
897:Landforms of Taiwan
520: /
488:1996Tectp.263...39K
272:on 13 November 2013
50:Nansei-ShotĆ Trench
524:26.333°N 128.667°E
424:10.1186/BF03351677
348:10.1186/BF03352942
295:. Encyclopedia.com
128:in this area; the
110:
25:
882:Geology of Taiwan
859:
858:
835:Philippine Trench
712:Longmenshan Fault
587:Convergence Zone)
378:on 15 August 2011
160:Seismic structure
909:
902:Subduction zones
877:Geology of Japan
672:Baikal Rift Zone
562:
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78:Philippine Plate
47:
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37:
36:
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569:Tectonic plates
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529:26.333; 128.667
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293:"Ryukyu Trench"
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262:"Ryukyu Trench"
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827:
824:
819:
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807:Okinawa Trough
804:
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779:Mariana Trench
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581:Eurasian Plate
565:
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482:(1â4): 39â60.
476:Tectonophysics
463:
452:on 24 May 2011
430:
409:(8): 793â803.
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354:
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283:
249:
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243:
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239:Okinawa Trough
236:
231:
229:Ryukyu Islands
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161:
158:
145:Okinawa Trough
126:Eurasian Plate
101:
98:
82:Eurasian Plate
66:Philippine Sea
62:Ryukyu Islands
54:oceanic trench
48:, also called
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
914:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
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873:
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869:
867:
852:
849:
848:
846:
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836:
833:
831:
830:Manila Trench
828:
825:
823:
822:Suruga Trough
820:
818:
817:Sagami Trough
815:
813:
812:Ryukyu Trench
810:
808:
805:
803:
802:Nankai Trough
800:
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788:
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782:
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752:Urasoko fault
750:
748:
747:Ulakhan Fault
745:
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738:
735:
733:
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728:
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723:
720:
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717:Neodani Fault
715:
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692:Idosawa Fault
690:
688:
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677:Haiyuan Fault
675:
673:
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668:
665:
664:
662:
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652:
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643:
641:
640:Okinawa Plate
638:
636:
635:Mariana Plate
633:
632:
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628:
624:
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617:Yangtze Plate
615:
613:
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607:Okhotsk Plate
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585:Pacific Plate
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266:Marine Places
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86:Nankai Trough
83:
79:
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71:
70:Pacific Ocean
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
44:
43:
30:
29:Ryukyu Trench
21:
811:
797:Japan Trench
774:Kuril Trench
722:Nojima Fault
682:Fukozu Fault
505:
479:
475:
454:. Retrieved
450:the original
406:
402:
392:
380:. Retrieved
376:the original
371:
367:
357:
333:(8): 37â40.
330:
326:
297:. Retrieved
286:
274:. Retrieved
270:the original
265:
185:
174:
169:Benioff zone
163:
154:
142:
122:Benioff zone
114:seismic zone
111:
49:
42:RyĆ«kyĆ« kaikĆ
41:
28:
26:
826:Philippines
742:Tanna Fault
737:Senya Fault
527: /
149:Yilan Plain
140:of Taiwan.
118:hypocenters
866:Categories
659:rift zones
602:Amur Plate
577:North Asia
245:References
186:Separate
762:Trenches
515:128°40âČE
213:See also
766:troughs
512:26°20âČN
484:Bibcode
456:3 March
411:Bibcode
335:Bibcode
299:3 March
276:3 March
94:tsunami
68:in the
64:in the
844:Others
655:Faults
180:P-wave
147:. The
74:Taiwan
783:Japan
627:Small
594:Large
382:3 Mar
134:Tatun
58:Japan
764:and
657:and
575:and
573:East
458:2012
384:2012
301:2012
278:2012
190:and
136:and
35:ççæ”·æș
27:The
571:of
492:doi
480:263
419:doi
343:doi
130:dip
60:'s
868::
490:.
478:.
466:^
433:^
417:.
407:53
405:.
401:.
372:53
370:.
366:.
341:.
331:61
329:.
325:.
309:^
264:.
253:^
96:.
38:,
583:-
579:(
561:e
554:t
547:v
498:.
494::
486::
460:.
427:.
421::
413::
386:.
351:.
345::
337::
303:.
280:.
207:w
205:M
200:w
198:M
46:)
32:(
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