172:, Sasakawa rose to prominence by using wealth gained in rice speculation to build a voluntary flying squad within Japan for the purpose of providing trained pilots in case of a national emergency. In 1939, Sasakawa flew his air squadron to Rome to meet his personal hero Benito Mussolini, whom he admired as "the perfect fascist and dictator". He also built an air defense field, donating it to the army. Once Japan began to coordinate its air power in 1941, Sasakawa dissolved his voluntary flying group and gave all of its facilities and aircraft to the nation. In addition, he used the various mining interests that he had accumulated to support the army in a more concrete fashion. Sasaka was more interested in supporting the war effort than making a profit, with one biographer noting that "his family records show ... that his mining ventures were not as profitable in wartime as they could have been".
198:, who was at that time a member. In 1935, Sasakawa and twelve other leading members of the PPP were arrested and held for three years on suspicion of having ordered the blackmail of several leading companies, such as Takashimaya, the Hankyu Railway, and Tokyo Life Insurance. Though he was eventually acquitted, the jail time and the subsequent appeals process took a total of six years, leading up the opening year of World War II. In the end, the prosecution itself revealed that the charges against him had been based more on perception of the PPP as "dangerous", than on actual evidence of blackmail.
176:
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247:, though the exact nature of their prison relationship does not seem to have been as positive as it had been when they were both members of the PPP. (In prison, Kodama pursued a policy of collaborating with his captors, naming names and making questionable statements that put other prisoners at a disadvantage. As part of this policy, he asked that his testimony about Sasakawa be kept secret, and it would appear that Sasakawa never found out about it.)
313:
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surrounding
Sasakawa's release. While some suggest that there was simply not enough evidence to indict him of Class A war crimes, others believe it was due to a lack of resources available to carry out trials of all suspected war criminals. The two men subsequently chose different paths in life, but maintained their friendship until the death of Kodama in 1984.
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205:, and in April 1942, Sasakawa won a seat in the Japanese Diet, taking one of only 85 out of 466 seats that were captured by non-government-backed candidates. The reason that such candidates were so few was that it was wartime, and those in power were doing all they could to control policy while maintaining a mask of parliamentary democracy.
408:
foundations
Sasakawa later created through grants by The Nippon Foundation were led by previous employees of the Department of Transport. The system of farming out former government employees to businesses and foundations has long been a common, legal practice in Japan, though one that Sasakawa himself viewed with suspicion.
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are held at 24 locations around the nation for the purpose of both bolstering the local economies and providing the revenue needed to support 1) the reconstruction of Japan's maritime industry, and 2) welfare projects around the country. In later years, international projects were also added. The law
208:
In the Diet, he stood against the government's suppression of the freedom of speech and its pressure for the conformity of all parliamentarians. However, his efforts in this vein were largely unsuccessful, and he spent much of the war outside of the Diet, touring
Manchuria and China, visiting prisons
229:
and spent more than three years there as a suspected war criminal. While until a short time before his arrest, there was little possibility of his detainment, much less as a Class A war crimes suspect, from
October to November, 1945, he launched a campaign of twenty or so speeches in Osaka, decrying
407:
industry is allowed in Japan, established as a means to help with restoring the nation's shipbuilding industry. It was largely responsible for Japan's meteoric rise to become one of the world's maritime leaders by the 1960s. The system is regulated by the
Department of Transport, and many of the
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and six other Class A war criminals were hanged. The next day, all Class A suspects who had not been indicted were released (aside from the seven who were executed, eighteen were given very long or life sentences.) Sasakawa and Kodama were among those who were released. There is much speculation
302:(Kokusai Shokyo Rengo), which would forge intimate ties with Japan's conservative politicians. Allen Tate Wood, a former top American political leader of the Unification Church, recalled his surprise upon hearing Sasakawa telling an audience, referring to himself, "I am Mr. Moon’s dog".
237:
Sasakawa should be arrested for the following reasons: first, for leading campaigns instigating aggression, nationalism and hostility against the United States. And second, for his continued vigorous activities in an organization that strongly impedes the development of democracy in
267:; though he never again entered politics, he used his considerable influence to bolster business and political parties. The most effective of his post-war activities was the creation of a gambling industry that is still in existence today. Along with his friends
230:
victor's justice and demanding to be taken as a prisoner so that he could help defend Japan in the Tokyo war crimes trials. He was "motivated by a desire to speak out in defense of the emperor and in the interests of Japan at the Tokyo Trials".
242:
While in prison, Sasakawa was able to establish connections with many of the men who had led Japan during the war, and who would go on to reassume these roles after their release. He also came into further contact with
853:
Awaya
Kentaro and Yoshida Yutaka, eds., Vol. 24, Kokusai Kensatsukyoku (IPS) Jinmon Chosho (Tokyo: Nihon Tosho Center, 1993, 126., quoting Civil Intelligence Section (CIS) records, Minkan Joho Koku, December 4,
194:, or Patriotic People's Party (PPP). This small organization was one of the many right-wing groups that sprang up in Japan in the lead-up to World War II. It was in this connection that he first met
146:
during the war. After Japan's defeat he was imprisoned for a time, accused of war crimes, and then found financial success in various business ventures, including motorboat-racing gambling events (
959:
343:, as well as crates of precious jewels. Sasakawa claimed that the treasure was worth over $ 36 billion in modern currency, but offered to turn it over to the Soviet Union, in return for the
351:. Sasakawa's credibility was completely ruined when it turned out that the metal shards he allegedly recovered from aboard the Admiral Nakhimov had the density of lead, but not platinum.
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established that the distribution of the monies to support projects was to be performed by the Japan
Shipbuilding Industry Foundation, a body that eventually came to be known as the
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Under
Sasakawa's leadership, The Nippon Foundation made charitable contributions both in Japan and around the world, working with the United Nations on maritime law and with the
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he was active both in finance and in politics, actively supporting the
Japanese war effort including raising his own paramilitary units. He was elected to the
395:. Sasakawa became the foundation's chairman. Public and governmental focus on the issue drove Sasakawa to take pains to make the system as clear as possible.
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and became its first president. The foundation has done charitable work around the world, for which it and
Sasakawa have received many official honors.
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The group also founded or funded a number of other organizations, such as the United States–Japan Foundation; The Sasakawa Peace Foundation; the
446:(SICSA). The Nippon Foundation also runs the Ryoichi Sasakawa Young Leaders Fellowship Fund (SYLFF) for university students across the world.
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The Nippon Foundation of Japan Fellowship Programme: Human Resources Development and Advancement of the Legal Order of the World's Oceans
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298:) in his anti-communist activities. From 1968 to 1972, Sasakawa was the honorary president and patron of the Japanese branch of
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890:"History on Trial: French Nippon Foundation Sues Scholar for Libel to Protect the Honor of Sasakawa Ryōichi"
279:. Among other coups, the league claims to have played a part in the 1966 overthrow of Indonesia's President
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1054:"Assassinat de Shinzo Abe : Quel est vraiment le poids de la secte Moon au Japon ?"
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businessman, philanthropist, far-right politician and suspected war criminal. He was born in
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In 1951 – after extensive bribery of parliamentarians on its behalf – the
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Sasakawa's trials ended in August 1941. In December that year, World War II broke out
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Frédéric, Louis; Encyclopaedia of Asian Civilisations; Paris 1984, Vol. VIII, p. 36
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Marshall, Andrew; Toyama, Michiko (October 1994). "In the Name of the Godfather".
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passed the Motorboat Racing Law – an invention of Sasakawa's. Under this law,
331:. Sasakawa later publicized photos of what appeared to be a valuable cargo of
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1510:, University of San Francisco Japan Policy Research Institute, archived from
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1083:. In Kordi, Ramin; Maffulli, Nicola; Wroble, Randall R.; et al. (eds.).
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152:) and ship building. He supported anticommunist activities, including the
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1017:"CIA Archives Released Under the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act in 2005"
233:
The US summary for his arrest, dated December 4, 1945 reads as follows:
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1976: Order of Diplomatic Service Merit, 1st class (Republic of Korea)
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1579:, Japan Policy Research Institute (JPRI), University of San Francisco
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1977: Order of Brilliant Star, Grand Cordon (Republic of China)
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In 1980, Sasakawa claimed to have salvaged the wreckage of the
27:
Japanese businessman, politician and philanthropist (1899–1995)
128:, May 4, 1899, in Minoh City, Osaka – July 18, 1995, in Tokyo)
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83:
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283:. Sasakawa stated once: "I am the world's richest fascist."
225:
At the end of the war, Sasakawa entered the occupation-run
354:
Sasakawa died July 18, 1995. He had three sons: Masatada,
209:
around the country, and cheering those on the home front.
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Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 1st class
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Members of the House of Representatives (Empire of Japan)
403:, a form of state-operated boat-racing betting events, a
183:
In addition, the 1930s saw Sasakawa take the helm of the
1335:
Borlaug: sowing 'Green Revolution' among African leaders
957:
Sasakawa: The philanthropist with the heart of a fascist
1561:
U.S. Senate "Tribute to the Honorable Ryoichi Sasakawa"
1456:, University of California Press, pp. esp. 64–65,
1273:
748:
746:
1668:
Prisoners and detainees of the United States military
1263:- World Health Organization, retrieved 28 March 2013
1067:「我々は世界を支配できると思った」米・統一教会の元幹部が語った”選挙協力”と”高額報酬”の実態【報道特集
444:
Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture
1570:
Kishi and Corruption: An Anatomy of the 1955 System
1507:
Kishi and Corruption: An Anatomy of the 1955 System
300:
International Federation for Victory over Communism
1486:"'Frontline' Penetratingly Investigates Rev. Moon"
1440:"Review/Television; Sun Myung Moon Changes Robes"
275:, the Chinese nationalist leader, he founded the
1613:Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
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123:
112:
604:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from
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468:1980: Order of the Golden Heart (Philippines)
1623:Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun
1475:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1450:Kaplan, David and Dubro, Alec (2003-02-01),
1275:The United States-Japan Foundation's Website
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1043:, Tokyo Journal, October 1994. Pages 29–35
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1251:- United Nations, retrieved 28 March 2013
1414:The Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research
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505:Gandhi Memorial International Foundation
415:, donating over $ 70m to fight leprosy.
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309:in 1970, also serving as its president.
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1297:The Sasakawa Peace Foundation's Website
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510:Russian cruiser Admiral Nakhimov (1885)
263:Sasakawa became deeply involved in the
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1022:. CIA. 27 January 1981. Archived from
983:. PBS. 21 January 1992. Archived from
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307:World Union of Karate-do Organizations
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950:
894:The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus
434:with the help of former US President
286:Sasakawa supported the controversial
1603:20th-century Japanese businesspeople
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1484:Koehler, Robert (January 21, 1992),
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271:, the first President of Korea, and
1453:Yakuza: Japan's Criminal Underworld
1438:Goodman, Walter (21 January 1992),
977:"The Resurrection of Reverend Moon"
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1122:. October 20, 1980. Archived from
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1200:The Nippon Foundation's Resources
1039:Andrew Marshall, Michiko Toyama:
933:, August 26, 1974, archived from
475:, 1st Class, Grand Cordon (Japan)
465:, 1st class, Grand Cordon (Japan)
1648:Japanese prisoners and detainees
327:over the strong protests of the
325:Russian cruiser Admiral Nakhimov
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1376:"SICSA Background and Overview"
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533:Kirkup, James (July 19, 1995).
482:, Knight Grand Cross (Thailand)
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1116:"JAPAN: Treasure off Tsushima"
1079:Arriaza, Rafael (March 2009).
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602:Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act
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156:. In 1951 he helped found the
138:. In the 1930s and during the
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1:
1356:. Sasakawa Africa Association
1340:The Christian Science Monitor
1322:The Christian Science Monitor
1317:Program Plants Seed of Change
811:. Central Intelligence Agency
515:
487:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
1608:20th-century philanthropists
1531:, Cornell University Press,
1525:Samuels, Richard J. (2003),
1069:, TBS NEWS DIG, 30 July 2022
1041:In The Name of the Godfather
998:Sun Myung Moon Changes Robes
535:"Obituary: Ryoichi Sasakawa"
520:
463:Order of the Sacred Treasure
7:
1618:Far-right politics in Japan
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480:Order of the White Elephant
420:Sasakawa Africa Association
277:World Anti-Communist League
154:World Anti-Communist League
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10:
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1658:Order of the Golden Heart
1087:. Springer. p. 288.
413:World Health Organization
305:Sasakawa helped form the
168:In the 1930s, during the
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72:
50:
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1663:People from Minoh, Osaka
1643:Japanese philanthropists
1633:Japanese anti-communists
1547:Sasakawa Ryoichi: A Life
1545:Sato, Seizaburo (2006),
888:Postel-Vinay, Karoline,
802:"Ryoichi SASAKAWA JAPAN"
1167:. The Nippon Foundation
473:Order of the Rising Sun
265:post-war reconstruction
1528:Machiavelli's Children
1354:"SAA HISTORY IN BRIEF"
1085:Combat Sports Medicine
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255:On December 23, 1948,
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1380:University of Houston
489:, Commandeur (France)
440:University of Houston
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178:
1165:"Foundation History"
1081:"Chapter 16: Karate"
1029:on January 23, 2017.
100:Sports administrator
1502:Samuels, Richard J.
1496:on February 1, 2013
1126:on December 2, 2008
925:"The Godfather-san"
611:on January 23, 2017
144:Japanese parliament
1628:Japanese activists
1575:2012-02-05 at the
1566:Richard J. Samuels
1444:The New York Times
1325:, October 16, 1990
1227:, pp. 175–176
1207:on January 3, 2009
1006:, January 21, 1992
987:on 7 January 2011.
962:2012-03-18 at the
595:"Ryoichi SASAKAWA"
422:, an expansion of
380:
341:British sovereigns
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288:Unification Church
223:
181:
1638:Japanese fascists
1538:978-0-8014-3492-1
1504:(December 2001),
1490:Los Angeles Times
1463:978-0-520-21562-7
1410:Sylff Association
1386:on April 13, 2015
866:, pp. 97–103
393:Nippon Foundation
366:Nippon Foundation
329:Soviet Government
185:Kokusui Taishu-to
170:Sino-Japanese War
158:Nippon Foundation
105:
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34:Ryōichi Sasakawa
16:(Redirected from
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221:Sugamo prison
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196:Yoshio Kodama
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76:July 18, 1995
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615:February 29,
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606:the original
601:
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556:
546:February 27,
544:. Retrieved
538:
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436:Jimmy Carter
417:
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339:ingots, and
333:gold bullion
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136:Minoh, Osaka
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78:(1995-07-18)
1598:1995 deaths
1593:1899 births
1431:Works cited
1303:December 5,
1281:December 5,
1237:Sato (2006)
1225:Sato (2006)
1211:December 5,
1186:Sato (2006)
1171:February 6,
912:Sato (2006)
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630:Sato (2006)
573:Sato (2006)
561:Sato (2006)
257:Hideki Tōjō
188: [
96:Businessman
61:May 4, 1899
1587:Categories
1518:2008-12-13
1406:"About Us"
1130:2010-06-18
1100:8 November
941:2007-10-22
899:2012-04-20
815:3 December
516:References
438:; and the
57:1899-05-04
981:Frontline
521:Citations
319:side view
1573:Archived
1471:citation
1390:June 13,
1360:June 13,
1150:: 29–35.
960:Archived
494:See also
405:gambling
337:platinum
290:founder
132:Japanese
809:CIA.gov
450:Honours
378:in 1988
356:Takashi
296:Moonies
281:Sukarno
86:, Japan
67:, Japan
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400:Kyōtei
238:Japan.
149:Kyōtei
130:was a
1027:(PDF)
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598:(PDF)
374:With
360:Yōhei
349:Japan
192:]
84:Tokyo
65:Osaka
36:笹川 良一
1533:ISBN
1477:link
1458:ISBN
1421:2023
1392:2014
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1283:2008
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1173:2016
1120:TIME
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358:and
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