489:, Aflah ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab, dan Abu al-Yaqzhan ibn Aflah, Mahdi an-Nafusi, ‘Abd Allah al-Lamthi, and Mahmud ibn Bakr. ‘Abd ar-Rahman had an exegesis of the Qur’an. ‘Abd al-Wahhab wrote his Masa'il Nafusah on Islamic jurisprudence. Aflah mastered Arabic literature, mathematics, and astronomy. Abu al-Yaqzhan wrote about 40 works. Because of their intellectual enthusiasm, the Rustamids vigorously transferred valuable works from the Mashriq to the Maghrib, especially to the library of al-Ma‘shumah (in Tahert) and that of Khizanah Nafusah (in Jabal Nafusah). Moreover, Tahert was famous as ‘Iraq al-Maghrib, al-‘Iraq ash-Shaghir, Balkh al-Maghrib, or Little Basra. Apart from these achievements, the Rustamids also had significant contribution to Islamization in the Maghrib and Bilad as-Sudan. For about two centuries (130-340 AH / 750-950 AD), the Kharijite people gained control of trade routes in the Maghrib and Bilad as-Sudan. Many Ibadite merchants made journeys along the vast area, such as Tahert, Wargla, Nafzawa, Jabal Nafusah, Tadmakkat, Gao, and Ghana. By this economic activity, the Ibadites took advantages of trading business and preaching Islam at the same time.
36:
523:
1877:
Here, 'Abd al-Raḥmān in 144/ 761 founded a Khārijī principality based on the newly-founded town of Tahert (Tāhart) (near modern Tiaret), and some fifteen years later he was offered the imamate of all the Ibāḍiyya of North Africa. This nucleus in Tahert was linked with Ibāḍī communities in the Aurès,
1939:
The
Rustamid (Rustumid, Rostemid) dynasty of Ibadi Kharijite Imam that ruled the central Maghrib as a Muslim theocracy for a century and a half from their capital Tahert in present Algeria until the Ismailite Fatimid Caliphate destroyed it. (...) The exact extent of its dominions is not entirely
409:, fearing the loss of his title to his older brother Mohammed Abu-l-Yaqzan, attempted to assassinate him. However, his plot failed, leading to the population uprising against Abu Bakr, resulting in his overthrow and death In 874. Consequently, Mohammed Abu-l-Yaqzan assumed the title.
389:
from
Kharijite control and Abul-Khattab Abdul-A'la ibn as-Samh was killed. On his death, the Tripolitanian Ibādiyya elected Abu l-Hatim al-Malzuzi as Imām; he was killed in 772 after launching a second unsuccessful revolt in 768. After this, the center of power shifted to
373:. In 757 (140 AH), a group of four Basra-educated missionaries including ʻAbd ar-Rahmān ibn Rustam proclaimed an Ibāḍī imamate in Tripolitania, starting an abortive state led by Abu l-Khattab Abdul-A'la ibn as-Samh which lasted until the
480:
The
Rustamid dynasty, "developed a cosmopolitan reputation in which Christians, non-Kharijite Muslims, and adherents of different sects of Kharijism lived". On the intellectual field, the Rustamids had many scholars and learned men, such as
398:, was elected Imām; after this, the post remained in his family, a practice which the Ibādiyya justified by noting that he came from no tribe, and thus his election as imam would not favour the domination of one Ibadi tribe over the others.
1908:
The
Kharijite Rustamid state based at Tahert (western Algeria) was also established by a Persian missionary, ʿAbd al-Rahman b. Rustam of the Ibadi tradition. Their area of influence stretched to Jerba, Jabal Nafusa, and the
439:
Ibn as-Saghir also describes the Imām as ascetic, repairing his own house and refusing gifts; the citizens sharply criticized him if they considered him derelict in his duty. Religious ethics were strictly enforced by law.
2237:
1258:
1970:
After the great
Kharijite rebellion this encampment developed into the oasis city of Zawila, at the south-eastern extremity of the Kharijite realm of the Rustamids of Tahart.
2351:
2570:
225:
200:
186:
2282:
Wheatley, Paul, "The Places where Men Pray
Together: Cities in Islamic Lands, Seventh Through the Tenth Centuries", Published by University of Chicago Press, 2001,
2565:
1822:
Based on
Britannica 2008: The state was governed by imams descended from ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān ibn Rustam, the austere Persian who founded the state in the 8th century.
2311:
905:
970:
2585:
2344:
35:
1152:
1045:
394:, and, in 777, ʻAbd ar-Rahmān ibn Rustam, an Ifriqiyan-born convert to the Ibāḍī movement of Persian origin and one of the four founders of the
2580:
2056:
1186:
2337:
1293:
1252:
1191:
1878:
southern
Tunisia and the Jabal Nafūsa, and groups as far south as the Fezzān oasis acknowledged the spiritual headship of the Ibāḍī Imāms.
2545:
1108:
1035:
378:
1176:
616:
1065:
2273:
2092:
1993:
1963:
1932:
1901:
1843:
2163:
Ahmad
Choirul Rofiq, "Moderation and Civilization: A Historical Analysis on the Moderate Policy of the Rustamid Dynasty" in
2535:
1922:
2540:
2360:
1040:
963:
2259:
2082:
1147:
1097:
2550:
2315:
2287:
1983:
1870:
1754:
2555:
1891:
1286:
757:
564:
532:
2293:
1470:
1316:
1205:
1171:
702:
486:
1113:
2575:
2214:
2195:
1775:
1245:
1166:
1860:
568:
2219:
1215:
386:
1014:
2600:
2560:
1279:
1239:
502:
305:
defeated it. Rustamid authority extended over what is now central and western
Algeria, parts of southern
2137:
Chronique D'Ibn Saghir Sur Les Imams Rostemides de Tahert. Par A. de C. Motylinski, Etc. Arabic & Fr
958:
1004:
2530:
2298:
2246:
402:
2304:
1801:
2595:
1422:
1307:
482:
424:
settled there and strong fortifications were built. It became a major stop on the newly developing
1322:
1265:
1161:
987:
975:
750:
662:
658:
461:
1742:
686:
412:
The new imamate was centered on the newly built capital of Tahert (or Tahart), near present-day
1181:
1055:
982:
444:
1953:
1790:
912:
603:
2209:
1030:
721:
8:
2590:
1893:
The Aghlabids and their Neighbors: Art and Material Culture in Ninth-Century North Africa
929:
710:
678:
337:
reached North Africa by 719, when the missionary Salma ibn Sa'd was sent from the Ibādī
2418:
2250:
2223:
2205:
1328:
1234:
1142:
1125:
941:
897:
572:
511:
429:
406:
205:
2329:
1985:
Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History: 5,000 Years of Religious History
1833:
457:; this displeased Ibādī tribes on the Aghlabid border, who launched a few rebellions.
2502:
2454:
2442:
2424:
2283:
2269:
2191:
2088:
1989:
1959:
1928:
1897:
1866:
1839:
1771:
936:
853:
845:
765:
694:
576:
374:
302:
218:
191:
2254:
2496:
2478:
2466:
2436:
2412:
2382:
2376:
2164:
1134:
877:
731:
628:
362:
310:
67:
59:
1060:
464:, upon which many Ibāḍis – including the last Imām – fled to the Sedrata tribe of
2484:
2472:
2400:
2185:
2135:
1210:
1050:
1009:
997:
924:
917:
861:
797:
773:
555:
264:
2460:
2242:
992:
949:
869:
670:
649:
547:
358:
283:
2524:
2490:
2448:
2430:
1120:
829:
453:
350:
2168:
1021:
421:
370:
522:
460:
After Abdu l-Wahhāb, the Rustamids grew militarily weak; they were easily
2388:
1082:
1072:
781:
433:
425:
77:
2406:
2227:
641:
2508:
1890:
Anderson, Glaire D.; Fenwick, Corisande; Rosser-Owen, Mariam (2017).
837:
805:
623:
589:
448:
299:
291:
2081:
Mattson, Ingrid; Nesbitt-Larking, Paul; Tahir, Nawaz (2015-02-05).
1755:
The Transmission of Learning in Islamic Africa - Scott Steven Reese
821:
813:
736:
726:
469:
382:
346:
1862:
The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual
2364:
633:
539:
465:
417:
395:
391:
306:
295:
287:
247:
243:
1921:
Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (2011).
594:
584:
413:
366:
354:
322:
314:
63:
49:
294:
for a century and a half from its capital Tahert (present day
2218:. New Series. 7, Iranian Studies in Honor of A. D. H. Bivar.
1940:
clear, but it stretched as far east as Jabal Nafusa in Libya.
1838:. Internet Archive. Cambridge University Press. p. 75.
1077:
342:
334:
318:
280:
251:
2080:
2026:
2106:
2104:
2062:
1889:
1343:
Yusuf Abu Hatim ibn Muhammad Abi l-Yaqzan, again (899-906)
40:
Approximate extent of Rustamid control in the 9th century
2359:
2101:
2038:
2014:
2002:
1859:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2004). "The Rustamids".
1337:
Yusuf Abu Hatim ibn Muhammad Abi l-Yaqzan (894-895)
2236:
2571:States and territories disestablished in the 900s
2116:
2522:
2084:Religion and Representation: Islam and Democracy
1920:
349:. By 740, their efforts had converted the major
2566:States and territories established in the 770s
2187:A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period
1813:"The Places where Men Pray Together", pg. 210.
2345:
2210:"The Parthian Origins of the House of Rustam"
1770:(New ed.). Leiden : Brill p. 638.
1287:
1743:A Chronology of Islamic History, 570-1000 CE
451:of Ifriqiya in 812, but otherwise reached a
468:, whence they would ultimately emigrate to
2352:
2338:
2260:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1346:Yaqzan ibn Muhammad Abi l-Yaqzan (906-909)
1294:
1280:
34:
2190:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2183:
2152:Algeria: The Revolution Institutionalized
2110:
2068:
2044:
2032:
2020:
2008:
1958:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 154.
1831:
1334:Muhammad Abu l-Yaqzan ibn Aflah (874-894)
2586:10th-century disestablishments in Africa
2204:
1927:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 143.
1858:
1765:
462:conquered by the Ismaili Fatimids in 909
1791:Islamic History - Laura Etheredge - p73
2523:
2305:Rustamid Dynasty Encyclopedy Britanica
1988:. Vol. 2. ABC-CLIO. p. 545.
1981:
475:
416:. Several Ibādī tribes displaced from
2333:
2234:
2122:
1951:
1717:
1715:
1695:
1693:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1659:
1657:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1619:
1617:
1603:
1601:
1589:
1561:
1559:
1533:
1517:
1515:
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1503:
1501:
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1395:
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1391:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1366:
2581:8th-century establishments in Africa
1358:Family tree of the Rustamid dynasty
109:ʿAbdu r-Rahman ibn Bahram ibn Rūstam
2312:"Qantara - The Rustamids (761-909)"
1259:List of people on stamps of Algeria
290:. The dynasty governed as a Muslim
268:
13:
2546:Algerian people of Iranian descent
2299:Card of Rustamid or Tahert Kingdom
1745:- Habib Ur Rahman G.K. Hall, 1989
379:Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Khuza'i
14:
2612:
2314:. Qantara-med.org. Archived from
2294:The Encyclopedia of World History
2087:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
492:
2059:, Retrieved on 18 December 2008.
1804:, Retrieved on 18 December 2008.
521:
286:dynasty centered in present-day
223:
198:
184:
2157:
2144:
2140:. Ibn saghir. 1908. p. 19.
2128:
2074:
2050:
1975:
1945:
1914:
1883:
1317:Abd al-Wahhab ibn Abd al-Rahman
487:Abd al-Wahhab ibn Abd al-Rahman
119:Yaqzan ibn Muhammad Abil-Yaqzan
16:Persian ruling house in Algeria
2215:Bulletin of the Asia Institute
1865:. Edinburgh University Press.
1852:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1795:
1784:
1759:
1748:
1736:
1350:
1246:List of wars involving Algeria
1:
1729:
2220:Wayne State University Press
1832:Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. (1971).
1766:Bosworth, C.E., ed. (1995).
7:
2536:Medieval history of Algeria
1955:Approaching African History
1240:Military history of Algeria
405:occurred as the Third Imam
10:
2617:
2541:Former countries in Africa
2177:
1982:Melton, J. Gordon (2014).
1340:Yaʿqub ibn Aflah (895-899)
328:
2372:
2184:Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987).
1671:
1669:
1667:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1499:
1497:
1449:
1447:
1401:
1399:
1253:Postal history of Algeria
1192:Insurgency in the Maghreb
1015:Sétif and Guelma massacre
387:conquered by the Abbasids
239:
163:
159:
149:
139:
135:
127:
123:
113:
103:
99:
91:
83:
73:
55:
45:
33:
28:
21:
2551:Iranian Muslim dynasties
1924:Concise History of Islam
1835:A history of the Maghrib
1323:Aflah ibn ʿAbdi l-Wahhab
1308:Abd al-Rahman ibn Rustam
483:Abd al-Rahman ibn Rustam
2556:Lists of office-holders
2268:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
2057:Britannica Encyclopedia
1952:Brett, Michael (2013).
1802:Britannica Encyclopedia
1266:History of North Africa
1066:Independence referendum
1005:Attack on Mers-el-Kébir
381:to suppress it in 761.
2169:10.24269/ars.v6i2.1031
548:Iberomaurusian Culture
151:• Disestablished
2576:909 disestablishments
1768:Encyclopedia of Islam
1172:High Council of State
952:(19th–20th centuries)
913:Emirate of Beni Abbas
900:(16th–19th centuries)
604:Archeology of Algeria
56:Common languages
1896:. Brill. p. 3.
722:Early African Church
703:Prefecture of Africa
687:Kingdom of the Aurès
2206:Shahbazi, A. Shapur
930:Barbary Slave Trade
711:Exarchate of Africa
679:Mauro-Roman Kingdom
476:Society and culture
447:the Kairouan-based
141:• Established
2601:Former theocracies
2561:777 establishments
2235:Talbi, M. (1995).
2035:, pp. 41, 43.
1329:Abu Bakr ibn Aflah
1235:Outline of Algeria
1143:Algerian Civil War
942:Second Barbary War
898:Regency of Algiers
430:sub-Saharan Africa
206:Emirate of Tlemcen
2518:
2517:
2361:Islamic dynasties
2275:978-90-04-09834-3
2150:John P. Entelis,
2094:978-1-4438-7514-1
2071:, pp. 43–45.
1995:978-1-61069-026-3
1965:978-1-84701-063-6
1934:978-93-82573-47-0
1903:978-90-04-35604-7
1845:978-0-521-07981-5
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1709:
1691:
1629:
1615:
1599:
1527:
1481:
1431:
1304:
1303:
1216:COVID-19 pandemic
937:First Barbary War
906:Ottoman governors
766:Umayyad Caliphate
695:Kingdom of Altava
403:succession crisis
375:Abbasid Caliphate
303:Fatimid Caliphate
257:
256:
235:
234:
231:
230:
219:Fatimid Caliphate
211:
210:
192:Abbasid Caliphate
2608:
2531:Rustamid dynasty
2354:
2347:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2279:
2251:Heinrichs, W. P.
2240:
2231:
2201:
2171:
2161:
2155:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1763:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1705:
1689:
1627:
1613:
1597:
1525:
1479:
1429:
1364:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1261:
1248:
1199:2010s to present
1114:1965 coup d'état
1098:Contemporary era
964:French governors
882:
874:
866:
858:
850:
842:
834:
826:
818:
810:
802:
794:
786:
778:
770:
762:
732:Fossatum Africae
715:
707:
699:
691:
683:
675:
667:
654:
646:
638:
629:Ancient Carthage
560:
552:
544:
525:
515:
497:
496:
363:Nafusa Mountains
270:
261:Rustamid dynasty
227:
226:
215:
214:
202:
201:
188:
187:
181:
180:
165:
164:
38:
23:Rustamid Kingdom
19:
18:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2596:Former kingdoms
2521:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2368:
2358:
2321:
2319:
2310:
2276:
2243:Bosworth, C. E.
2198:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2162:
2158:
2149:
2145:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1950:
1946:
1935:
1919:
1915:
1904:
1888:
1884:
1873:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1353:
1311:(Bānū-Bādūsyān)
1300:
1271:
1270:
1257:
1255:
1244:
1242:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1196:
1130:
1100:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1010:Operation Torch
998:Cheikh Bouamama
983:Emir Abdelkader
959:French conquest
946:
925:Barbary pirates
918:Emirate of Kuku
894:
886:
885:
880:
872:
864:
856:
848:
840:
832:
824:
816:
808:
800:
792:
784:
776:
768:
760:
753:
743:
742:
741:
713:
705:
697:
689:
681:
673:
666:(146 BC–590 AD)
665:
652:
644:
636:
619:
609:
608:
599:
558:
556:Capsian culture
550:
542:
540:Aterian Culture
535:
513:
506:
495:
478:
331:
250:
246:
224:
199:
185:
152:
142:
116:
115:• 906–909
106:
105:• 777–788
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2614:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2493:(1666–present)
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2291:
2280:
2274:
2247:van Donzel, E.
2232:
2202:
2196:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2156:
2143:
2127:
2115:
2111:Abun-Nasr 1987
2100:
2093:
2073:
2069:Abun-Nasr 1987
2061:
2049:
2045:Abun-Nasr 1987
2037:
2033:Abun-Nasr 1987
2025:
2021:Abun-Nasr 1987
2013:
2009:Abun-Nasr 1987
2001:
1994:
1974:
1964:
1944:
1933:
1913:
1902:
1882:
1871:
1851:
1844:
1824:
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1229:Related topics
1228:
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1218:
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1211:Hirak Movement
1208:
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993:Mokrani Revolt
990:
988:Fatma N'Soumer
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950:French Algeria
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892:
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884:
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881:(1235–1556 AD)
875:
873:(1229–1574 AD)
867:
865:(1215–1465 AD)
859:
857:(1121–1269 AD)
851:
849:(1040–1147 AD)
843:
841:(1014–1152 AD)
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827:
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671:Vandal Kingdom
668:
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650:Jugurthine War
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494:
493:Rustamid Imams
491:
477:
474:
443:The Rustamids
335:Ibāḍī movement
330:
327:
255:
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241:
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2318:on 2013-09-21
2317:
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2288:0-226-89428-2
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2147:
2139:
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2131:
2124:
2119:
2113:, p. 45.
2112:
2107:
2105:
2096:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2077:
2070:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2047:, p. 43.
2046:
2041:
2034:
2029:
2023:, p. 38.
2022:
2017:
2011:, p. 37.
2010:
2005:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1948:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1895:
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1874:
1872:9780748696482
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1611:
1608:Abu al-Yaqzan
1595:
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1575:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1555:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1523:
1522:Abd al-Wahhab
1508:
1506:
1486:
1484:
1477:
1476:
1475:Abd al-Rahman
1471:Abd al-Wahhab
1458:
1456:
1436:
1434:
1427:
1426:
1423:Abd al-Rahman
1410:
1408:
1388:
1386:
1373:
1371:
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1214:
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1209:
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1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:Peace Charter
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1177:Civil Concord
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:Berber Spring
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:FFS rebellion
1107:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1061:Évian Accords
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1016:
1013:
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1008:
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1003:
1002:
999:
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989:
986:
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977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
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910:
907:
904:
903:
901:
899:
890:
889:
879:
876:
871:
868:
863:
860:
855:
852:
847:
844:
839:
836:
833:(973–1152 AD)
831:
828:
825:(970–1068 AD)
823:
820:
817:(909–1171 AD)
815:
812:
807:
804:
799:
796:
791:
788:
783:
780:
777:(742–1066 AD)
775:
772:
767:
764:
759:
758:Arab conquest
756:
755:
752:
747:
746:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
712:
709:
704:
701:
696:
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688:
685:
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630:
627:
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593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
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566:
562:
557:
554:
549:
546:
541:
538:
537:
534:
529:
528:
524:
520:
519:
516:
510:
509:
504:
499:
498:
490:
488:
484:
473:
471:
467:
463:
458:
456:
455:
454:modus vivendi
450:
446:
441:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
388:
384:
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372:
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324:
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312:
308:
304:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
282:
278:
274:
266:
262:
253:
249:
245:
242:
240:Today part of
238:
222:
220:
217:
216:
213:
207:
204:
197:
196:
193:
190:
183:
182:
179:
178:
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138:
134:
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90:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
51:
48:
44:
37:
32:
27:
20:
2394:
2320:. Retrieved
2316:the original
2265:
2264:Volume VIII:
2258:
2213:
2186:
2159:
2151:
2146:
2136:
2130:
2118:
2083:
2076:
2064:
2052:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2004:
1984:
1977:
1969:
1954:
1947:
1938:
1923:
1916:
1907:
1892:
1885:
1876:
1861:
1854:
1834:
1827:
1818:
1809:
1797:
1786:
1767:
1761:
1750:
1738:
1697:
1683:
1621:
1605:
1591:
1519:
1469:
1421:
1310:
1198:
1197:
1182:Black Spring
1132:
1131:
1102:
1022:Algerian War
1020:
1019:
976:Pacification
948:
947:
896:
893:Modern times
809:(800–909 AD)
801:(789–828 AD)
793:(776–909 AD)
789:
785:(771–793 AD)
769:(703–744 AD)
761:(647–709 AD)
714:(585–698 AD)
706:(534–585 AD)
698:(578–708 AD)
690:(484–703 AD)
682:(477–578 AD)
674:(435–534 AD)
653:(111–106 BC)
645:(264–146 BC)
563:Rock art in
479:
459:
452:
442:
438:
426:trade routes
422:Tripolitania
411:
400:
371:Tripolitania
338:
332:
311:Jebel Nafusa
298:) until the
276:
272:
260:
258:
174:Succeeded by
173:
168:
2511:(1837–1969)
2505:(1711–1835)
2503:Karamanlids
2499:(1705–1957)
2487:(1549–1659)
2481:(1472–1554)
2475:(1269–1465)
2469:(1235–1556)
2463:(1229–1574)
2457:(1147–1269)
2451:(1059–1158)
2449:Khurasanids
2445:(1040–1147)
2439:(1008–1152)
2419:Sulaymanids
2389:Muhallabids
2255:Lecomte, G.
2238:"Rustamids"
2222:: 155–163.
1706:r. 894-895,
1351:Family tree
1206:Arab Spring
1083:Oujda Group
1073:Pieds-noirs
1056:1961 putsch
1051:1958 crisis
1031:Nationalism
1024:(1954–1962)
782:Muhallabids
751:Middle Ages
637:(202–46 BC)
559:(10,000 BC)
551:(20,000 BC)
543:(80,000 BC)
512:History of
434:Middle East
377:dispatched
369:in western
317:regions in
169:Preceded by
78:Ibadi Islam
2591:Kharijites
2525:Categories
2443:Almoravids
2433:(973–1148)
2409:(790–1066)
2379:(710–1019)
2322:2013-04-19
2197:0521337674
2123:Talbi 1995
1777:9004098348
1730:References
1684:Yaqzan ibn
1628:r. 895-899
1614:r. 874-894
1598:r. 872-874
1526:r. 824-872
1480:r. 788-824
1430:r. 776-788
1425:ibn Rustam
1126:1988 riots
971:Resistance
846:Almoravids
659:Mauretania
642:Punic Wars
533:Prehistory
401:In 873, a
353:tribes of
321:as far as
309:, and the
84:Government
2509:Senussids
2497:Husaynids
2479:Wattasids
2467:Zayyanids
2437:Hammadids
2427:(909–973)
2421:(814–922)
2415:(800–909)
2413:Aghlabids
2403:(788–985)
2397:(777–909)
2395:Rustamids
2391:(771–793)
2385:(757–976)
2383:Midrarids
2154:, page 14
1700:Hatim ibn
1698:Yusuf Abu
1690:r. 906-90
1624:ibn Aflah
1610:ibn Aflah
1594:ibn Aflah
1520:Aflah ibn
1331:(872-874)
1325:(824-872)
1319:(788-824)
1313:(776-788)
1153:Massacres
1103:1960s–80s
878:Ziyyanids
838:Hammadids
822:Maghrawas
806:Aghlabids
790:Rustamids
624:Phoenicia
617:Antiquity
602:Related:
590:Madghacen
449:Aghlabids
361:, in the
292:theocracy
279:) was an
277:Rostemids
273:Rustumids
269:الرستميون
74:Religion
2491:'Alawids
2473:Marinids
2455:Almohads
2425:Fatimids
2407:Ifranids
2401:Idrisids
2377:Salihids
2257:(eds.).
2208:(1993).
1702:Muhammad
1686:Muhammad
1606:Muhammad
1592:Abu Bakr
1148:Timeline
862:Marinids
854:Almohads
814:Fatimids
798:Idrisids
774:Ifranids
737:Gemellae
727:Partenia
503:a series
501:Part of
432:and the
407:Abu Bakr
383:Ifriqiya
347:Kairouan
2485:Sa'dids
2461:Hafsids
2365:Maghreb
2266:Ned–Sam
2228:4048438
2178:Sources
1909:Fazzan.
1708:899-906
870:Hafsids
634:Numidia
577:Ahaggar
573:Tassili
514:Algeria
466:Ouargla
418:Tunisia
396:imamate
392:Algeria
365:and at
359:Tripoli
357:around
329:History
307:Tunisia
300:Ismaili
296:Tagdemt
288:Algeria
284:Persian
248:Tunisia
244:Algeria
128:History
87:Imamate
68:Persian
46:Capital
29:777–909
2431:Zirids
2367:region
2286:
2272:
2253:&
2226:
2194:
2091:
1992:
1962:
1931:
1900:
1869:
1842:
1774:
1622:Ya'qub
1383:Rustam
1133:1990s–
1078:Harkis
830:Zirids
663:Africa
657:Roman
595:Jedars
585:Roknia
569:Djelfa
505:on the
445:fought
414:Tiaret
367:Zenata
355:Huwara
351:Berber
339:jama'a
323:Zawila
315:Fezzan
271:) (or
265:Arabic
131:
95:
64:Arabic
60:Berber
50:Tahert
2241:. In
2224:JSTOR
1135:2000s
428:with
343:Basra
319:Libya
281:Ibadi
252:Libya
2284:ISBN
2270:ISBN
2192:ISBN
2089:ISBN
1990:ISBN
1960:ISBN
1929:ISBN
1898:ISBN
1867:ISBN
1840:ISBN
1772:ISBN
1046:GPRA
1036:RCUA
661:and
575:and
565:Oran
470:Mzab
420:and
385:was
333:The
313:and
259:The
92:Imam
2363:in
2165:doi
1473:ibn
1167:GIA
1162:FIS
1041:FLN
345:to
341:of
155:909
145:777
2527::
2249:;
2245:;
2212:.
2103:^
1968:.
1937:.
1906:.
1875:.
571:,
567:,
485:,
472:.
436:.
325:.
275:,
267::
66:,
62:,
2353:e
2346:t
2339:v
2325:.
2307:.
2301:.
2290:.
2278:.
2262:.
2230:.
2200:.
2167::
2125:.
2097:.
1998:.
1848:.
1780:.
1295:e
1288:t
1281:v
1262:)
1256:(
1249:)
1243:(
263:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
