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While these reports are often quite influential, with the government enacting some or all recommendations into law, the work of some commissions have been almost completely ignored by the government. In other cases, where the commissioner has departed from the
Warranted terms, the commission has been
181:
Royal commissions are the highest form of inquiry on matters of public importance. A royal commission is formally established by the
Governor-General on behalf of the Crown and on the advice of government Ministers. The government decides the terms of reference, provides the funding and appoints the
116:
Royal commissions are called to look into matters of great importance and usually controversy. These can be matters such as government structure, the treatment of minorities, events of considerable public concern or economic questions. Many royal commissions last many years and, often, a different
1718:
1601:
212:
Due to the verbose nature of the titles of these formal documents they are commonly known by the name of the commission's chair. For example, the “Royal
Commission into whether there has been corrupt or criminal conduct by any Western Australian Police Officer” is known as the
670:
1565:
892:
432:
113:. In practice—unlike lesser forms of inquiry—once a commission has started the government cannot stop it. Consequently, governments are usually very careful about framing the terms of reference and generally include in them a date by which the commission must finish.
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or serving judges. They usually involve research into an issue, consultations with experts both within and outside government and public consultations as well. The warrant may grant immense investigatory powers, including summoning witnesses under
1297:
362:
1727:
1541:
1453:
898:
1529:
1834:, and recommended a union of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland but ruled out any political amalgamation involving Southern Rhodesia due to its overtly racial policies. The Commission's recommendations were not put in place owing to the
2132:
2001:
1803:
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208:
if necessary and—in a few cases—compelling all government officials to aid in the execution of the commission. The results of royal commissions are published in reports, often massive, of findings containing policy recommendations.
950:
707:) A three-person Commission of Inquiry was appointed after US-television reports alleged the government was taking bribes from drug traffickers to look the other way as drugs flowed through the Bahamas bound for the United States.
1977:
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2016:
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1914:
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533:
1444:, looked into the state of public education in England in order to report what measures were required “for the extension of sound and cheap elementary instruction to all classes of the people”
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The commission is created by the head of state (the sovereign, or their representative in the form of a governor-general or governor) on the advice of the government and formally appointed by
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335:
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420:("Woodward Royal Commission"), (1977–1980) investigated drug trafficking in New South Wales, especially links between the Mafia and New South Wales Police and the disappearance of
1908:
1664:
1327:
3100:"Royal Commission of Inquiry into Building Failure Caused by the Canterbury Earthquakes - Royal Commission of Inquiry into Building Failure Caused by the Canterbury Earthquakes"
1946:
1788:
1321:
1231:
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Royal
Commission for inquiring into the nature and extent of the Instruction afforded by the several Institutions in Ireland established for the purpose of Education (1824)
380:
344:(2013–2014), investigated the death of four male workers, ninety-four house fires related to insulation, and allegations of fraud as a result of the implementation of the
315:
1011:
350:
3200:
3023:"Report of the Royal Commission to inquire into the Crash on Mount Erebus, Antarctica of a DC10 Aircraft operated by Air New Zealand Limited Introduction and Prologue"
956:
275:
Royal
Commission On Human Relationships (1974–1977), inquired into and reported on the family, social, educational and sexual aspects of male and female relationships.
2069:
1183:
1114:
705:
The
Commission of Inquiry Appointed to Inquire Into the Illegal Use of the Bahamas for the Transshipment of Dangerous Drugs Destined for the United States of America
622:
500:
1535:
616:
411:
664:("Marks Royal Commission") (1995) to determine the circumstances of the tabling of a petition in a family law case and the alleged misleading of WA Parliament by
1682:
2849:
2097:
1889:
944:
509:(1995) investigating the legal and political controversy that involved the clash of Indigenous Australian religious beliefs and property rights regarding the
1952:
1432:
1865:
2976:
1413:
368:
296:
3373:
720:(June 2011), to examine the episodes of civil disobedience and alleged human rights offences committed in the aftermath of the February 2011 protests.
1164:
392:
341:
284:
2894:
2267:
1929:
1255:
2231:
2007:
1937:
876:
759:
Commission of
Inquiry into the Construction Works at and near the Hung Hom Station Extension under the Shatin to Central Link Project (2019–2020)
1101:
607:
1971:
1902:
1847:
426:
269:
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after an investigation by Four
Corners uncovered serious mistreatment of inmates within the Northern Territory's juvenile detention system.
635:
2501:
1176:
Royal
Commission of Inquiry into the condition of the Hand-loom Weavers in England and Wales, Gloucestershie section (Miles, W.A., c.1938)
642:
Royal
Commission into alleged killing and burning of bodies of Aborigines in East Kimberley and into police methods when effecting arrests
306:
3073:
1965:
1363:
17:
2188:
687:
441:(1989–1990) investigated patient deaths due to induced comas at the Chelmsford psychiatric hospital in Sydney during the 1960s and 1970s
236:
Royal Commission in the matter of an inquiry into a statement that there was a document missing from the official files in relation to "
3008:
1478:
717:
476:
345:
2781:
2691:
1508:
595:
518:(2005) investigating the circumstances of the hit and run death of Ian Humphrey and those of the trial and conviction of Eugene McGee
451:
405:
386:
1896:, which made recommendations for the overhaul of the administration of the capital that were implemented in a modified form by the
1761:
1069:
1057:
1053:
2050:
1081:
1044:
259:
243:
1580:
1373:
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911:
Royal Commission of Inquiry on the collapse of the upper deck of the Pengkalan Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal in Butterworth
417:
106:
for which it was created. These powers may include subpoenaing witnesses, taking evidence under oath and requesting documents.
281:("Costigan Royal Commission") (1980–1984), investigated organised crime influences and drug trafficking in a large trade union
1736:
1075:
421:
882:
Commission of Inquiry on violation of the Constitution and other laws by former President Ameenah Gurib-Fakim (2018–ongoing)
2022:
1941:
1706:
1170:
230:
182:
commissioners, who are selected on the basis of their independence and qualifications. They are never serving politicians.
2712:
1137:
198:, offering of indemnities, seizing of documents and other evidence (sometimes including those normally protected, such as
3175:
3022:
1595:
917:
Royal Commission of Inquiry to investigate a fire at Sekolah Agama Rakyat Taufikah al-Halimah in Padang Lumat, Yan, Kedah
568:
527:
510:
302:
1694:
1652:
1249:
741:
730:
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2303:
2804:
1605:
996:
747:
673:("WA Police Royal Commission"), (2002–2004) investigated high-level corruption in the Western Australian police force
658:, Rothwells, Bell Group, and other large businesses in Western Australia as well as government commercial enterprises
641:
506:
318:("Cole Royal Commission"), (2001–2003), investigated the conduct of industrial relations within the building industry
299:(1987–1991), investigated the allegedly disproportionate number of deaths of Australian Aboriginals while in custody
3347:
3296:
1622:
1586:
853:
589:
2955:
3467:
671:
Royal commission into whether there has been corrupt or criminal conduct by any Western Australian Police Officer
247:
1722:
166:
Royal commissions have been held in Australia at a federal level since 1902. Royal commissions appointed by the
3124:
2983:
2151:
1859:
1467:
575:
551:
932:
1108:
843:
Commission of Inquiry in corruption with Ministry of Social Security and Ministry of Cooperatives (1978–1979)
784:
515:
433:
Royal Commission of Inquiry in respect of certain matters relating to allegations of organised crime in clubs
167:
2454:"Report of the Commission of Enquiry into the Disturbances Which Occurred in the North of Mauritius in 1943"
2624:
2147:
1095:
859:
2828:"Justice system: Was the "commission d'enquĂŞte" on the sale of Britam really intent on finding the truth?"
3457:
1377:
661:
598:("Black Saturday Royal Commission"), (2009–2010) investigating the events and conditions surrounding the
438:
290:
3292:
2143:
1897:
1559:
1177:
1032:
1025:
796:
524:(2014–2016) investigating the effectiveness of the child protection systems that are currently in place
171:
2850:"BAI: Sattar Hajee Abdoula et Imrith Ramtohul nommés assesseurs de la commission d'enquête sur Britam"
2476:
3462:
2596:
1920:
923:
Royal Commission of Inquiry into the fire at the Bright Sparklers factory in Sungai Buloh New Village
790:
544:
604:
1521:
Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Condition of Crofters and Cottars in the Highlands and Islands
1088:
599:
214:
2376:"Report of the Fever Inquiry Commission (Mauritius), 1866 and 1867. Folio pp. 78, Mauritius, 1868"
2956:"Commissions of inquiry, 1909–2011 – Commissions of inquiry – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand"
1072:(2000–2001) to look into and report on the issues surrounding genetic modification in New Zealand
175:
3343:
2407:
2232:"Former prime minister Julia Gillard to lead South Australia's early education system overhaul"
1765:
1764:, suggested sweeping changes in the administration of land drainage which were embodied in the
1757:
645:
363:
Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industry
260:
Royal Commission on the statement of Lieutenant Commander Cabban and matters incidental thereto
199:
2871:
2353:
2180:
1438:
Royal Commission on the State of Popular Education in England (1858–1861), also known as the
899:
Royal Commission of Inquiry to Investigate the Workings of Local Authorities in West Malaysia
3232:
3201:"Jacinda Ardern, Ayesha Verrall announce Royal Commission of Inquiry into COVID-19 response"
2734:
768:
Commission of Inquiry on Allegations relating to the Hong Kong Institute of Education (2007)
3351:
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2236:
1815:
1459:
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1423:
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27:
Formal body created for public inquiry into a defined issue in some Commonwealth monarchies
2262:
1141:
831:
Commission of Enquiry into Disturbances in the North of Mauritius (Moody Commission, 1943)
821:
Commission of Enquiry on living conditions of Indentured Coolies in Mauritius (1872–1874)
8:
1719:
Royal Commission on the Housing of the Industrial Population of Scotland, Rural and Urban
1021:
1020:
Royal Commission to Inquire into and Report upon the Circumstances of the Convictions of
435:("Moffitt Royal Commission") (1973–1974) investigated organised crime in New South Wales.
375:
Royal Commission into Violence, Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation of People with Disability
186:
98:
Such an inquiry has considerable powers, typically equivalent or greater than those of a
31:
815:
Royal Commission on Slave Trade: Commissioners of Eastern Inquiry, Mauritius (1826–1828)
684:
Royal Commission into the Protection and Detention of Children in the Northern Territory
414:("Wood Royal Commission") (1994–1997) investigated Police corruption in New South Wales.
357:
Royal Commission into the Protection and Detention of Children in the Northern Territory
149:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
3048:"Royal Commission into the Pike River Mine Tragedy - pikeriver.royalcommission.govt.nz"
2392:
2375:
2139:
1992:
458:
Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct
457:
185:
Royal commissions are usually chaired by one or more notable figures. Because of their
103:
1602:
Royal Commission on Water Supply within the Limits of the Metropolitan Water Companies
322:
Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-For-Food Programme
3427:
3205:
3002:
1983:
1827:
1823:
1520:
1038:
825:
483:
310:
237:
3154:
Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Attack on Christchurch Mosques on 15 March 2019
2387:
1835:
1367:
1056:(1984–1986) investigated the electoral system, and led to New Zealand adopting the
655:
582:
279:
Royal Commission on the activities of the Federated Ship Painters and Dockers Union
2431:"Mauritius. Commission of Enquiry into Unrest on Sugar Estates in Mauritius, 1937"
178:
in 1902. A defunct alternative is known as a Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry.
3149:
2668:
2646:
2263:
1809:
872:
665:
611:
555:
2573:
272:("Hope Commission") investigated the country's intelligence agencies (1974–1977)
2872:"Commission of Inquiry on the violation of the Constitution and any other laws"
992:
324:("Cole Inquiry"), (2005–2006), investigation into the alleged participation of
110:
56:
48:
3099:
2549:
2524:
2430:
3451:
3431:
3047:
2453:
2011:
1566:
Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Water Supply of the Metropolis
893:
Royal Commission on Salaries and Conditions of Service of the Public Service
765:
Commission of Inquiry into the Collision of Vessels near Lamma Island (2012)
3416:"Press, Politics and the 'Police and Public' Debates in Late 1920s Britain"
1063:
Royal Commission on Broadcasting and Related Telecommunications (1985–1986)
1050:
Royal Commission into Certain Matters Related to Drug Trafficking (1982–83)
701:
Royal Commission of Inquiry into Drug Trafficking and Government Corruption
652:
Royal Commission into Commercial Activities of Government and Other Matters
329:
321:
84:
2554:. [Gt. Brit. Colonial Office] Colonial reports. British Government
991:
Royal Commission on Accident Compensation (1966–1967), which produced the
762:
Commission of Inquiry into Excess Lead Found in Drinking Water (2015–2016)
34:
that are collectively known as the Royal Commission in the United Kingdom.
2669:"Findings of the Commission of Enquiry on Drugs (Commission Rault, 1987)"
1485:
Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction and the Advancement of Science
1427:
1190:
Royal Commission on Defaults of Official Assignees of Court of Bankruptcy
325:
68:
3415:
1993:
Royal Commission on Civil Liability and Compensation for Personal Injury
1226:
Royal Commission on Collapse of Mill at Oldham and Prisons at Northleach
688:
Prime Minister Turnbull announced a Royal Commission will be established
1798:
494:
487:
2827:
3397:
1831:
1554:
Royal Commission on the Amalgamation of the City and County of London
654:("WA Inc Royal Commission") (1990–1992) investigated the collapse of
460:("Fitzgerald Inquiry"), (1987–1989) into Queensland Police corruption
204:
80:
60:
1671:
Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland
2105:
1047:, setting new legal standards for the conduct of royal commissions.
837:
Commission of Inquiry Sugar Industry by Balogh & Bennett (1962)
336:
Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse
88:
76:
52:
2647:"Report of the Commission of Inquiry on the Sugar Industry (1984)"
1497:
Royal Commission on the Working of the Penal Servitude Actc &c
862:
on the lasting impact of slavery and indentured labour (2009–2011)
536:(2018–2019) investigating the operations and effectiveness of the
1842:
Royal Commission on the Distribution of the Industrial Population
1677:
Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales
2895:"Mauritian Premier Says Inquiry Ordered by President Is Illegal"
530:(2015) investigating opportunities and risks for South Australia
3420:
Crime, Histoire & Sociétés / Crime, History & Societies
2210:
2133:"Parliamentary Commission Of Inquiry Into The Financial Sector"
1232:
Royal Commission on Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law
774:
Commission of Inquiry into the Garley Building Fire (1996–1997)
651:
190:
72:
64:
44:
1043:) (1980–1981). The findings were successfully appealed to the
865:
Commission of Inquiry on Horse Racing in Mauritius (2014–2016)
840:
Banwell Commission on the Electoral System of Mauritius (1966)
2328:
1370:
and still exists as a charitable body endowed by the proceeds
1298:
Royal Commission of Application of Iron to Railway Structures
1094:
Royal Commission of Inquiry into Building Failures Caused by
1003:
Royal Commission on Contraception, Sterilisation and Abortion
99:
1947:
Royal Commission on Trade Unions and Employers' Associations
1728:
Royal Commission on the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge
381:
Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements
316:
Royal Commission into the Building and Construction Industry
3344:"List of commissions and officials: 1850-1859 (nos. 53-94)"
3293:"List of commissions and officials: 1840-1849 (nos. 29-52)"
2692:"The Helderberg disaster: Was this the cause of the crash?"
1542:
Royal Commission on the Blind, the Deaf and Dumb and Others
1454:
Royal Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India
1012:
Royal Commission on Nuclear Power Generation in New Zealand
351:
Royal Commission into Trade Union Governance and Corruption
195:
2408:"List of commissions and officials: 1870-1879 (nos. 1-37)"
2264:
Her Excellency the Honourable Jennifer Frances Anderson AC
1530:
The Royal Commission on the Housing of the Working Classes
957:
Royal Commission of Inquiry on illegal immigrants in Sabah
262:(1967–1968), investigated claims that the captain of HMAS
3233:
http://eppi.dippam.ac.uk/documents/9883/eppi_pages/217631
2002:
Royal Commission on the Distribution of Income and Wealth
1936:, which made recommendations that led to a new system of
1804:
Royal Commission on Tithe Rentcharge in England and Wales
1689:
Royal Commission on the Registration of Title in Scotland
1374:
Royal Commission on the Corporation of the City of London
1115:
Royal Commission of Inquiry into COVID-19 Lessons Learned
644:("1927 Wood Royal Commission"), (1927) investigating the
623:
Royal Commission into the Management of Police Informants
3231:
A copy of the Report of the Commission is available at:
2551:
Report of the Banwell Commission on the Electoral System
1665:
Royal Commission on the Poor Laws and Relief of Distress
1536:
Royal Commission on the Depression in Trade and Industry
951:
Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Teoh Beng Hock case
834:
Trustram-Eve Electoral Boundaries Commission (1957–1958)
412:
Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service
291:
Royal Commission into British nuclear tests in Australia
2477:"Party Cooperation & Electoral System in Mauritius"
1978:
Royal Commission on Standards of Conduct in Public Life
1683:
Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England
1647:
Royal Commission on Superannuation in the Civil Service
3176:"Royal commission to investigate terror attacks in NZ"
3125:"Royal Commission into Historical Abuse in State Care"
1890:
Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London
1448:
Royal Commission on Transportation and Penal servitude
1184:
Royal Commission of Inquiry into Children's Employment
963:
Royal Commission of Inquiry on Wang Kelian mass graves
945:
Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Lingam Video Clip
2304:"Have Your Say On The Mental Health Royal Commission"
1433:
Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom
868:
Commission of Enquiry on Drug Trafficking (2015–2018)
617:
Royal Commission into Victoria's Mental Health System
2035:
Royal Commission on the Reform of the House of Lords
1659:
Royal Commission on the Control of the Feeble-Minded
1310:
Royal Commission on Episcopal and Capitular Revenues
771:
Commission of Inquiry on the New Airport (1998–1999)
266:
frequently drank to excess and was unfit for command
1632:
Royal Commission on University Education in Ireland
846:Commission of Enquiry on the Sugar Industry (1984)
2029:Royal Commission on Long Term Care for the Elderly
1701:Royal Commission on Divorce and Matrimonial Causes
1414:Royal Commission for Consolidating the Statute Law
369:Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety
297:Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody
2380:The British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review
1854:Royal Commission on Betting, Lotteries and Gaming
1746:Royal Commission on Cross River Traffic in London
1274:Royal Commission on Registration and Conveyancing
1196:Royal Commission on Improvement of the Metropolis
1165:Royal Commission on the Poorer Classes in Ireland
969:Royal Commission of Inquiry into BNM forex losses
818:Fever Inquiry Commission in Mauritius (1866–1868)
605:Royal Commission into Family Violence (2015–2016)
393:Royal Commission into Defence and Veteran Suicide
342:Royal Commission into the Home Insulation Program
285:Royal Commission of Inquiry into Drug Trafficking
3449:
1930:Royal Commission on Local Government in Scotland
1874:Royal Commission on Scottish Affairs (1952–1954)
1515:Royal Commission on Smallpox and Fever Hospitals
1466:, looked into the state of nine old-established
1256:Royal Commission on Metropolitan Railway Termini
662:Royal Commission into the use of Executive Power
2008:Royal Commission on the National Health Service
1921:Royal Commission on Local Government in England
1771:Royal Commission on Police Powers and Procedure
466:Barrett Adolescent Centre Commission of Inquiry
117:government is left to respond to the findings.
2098:"Royal Commissions and Commissions of Inquiry"
1503:Royal Commission on Ship′s Tonnage Measurement
1380:, the first London-wide local government body.
1102:Royal Commission of Inquiry into Abuse in Care
1031:Royal Commission of Inquiry into the crash of
3338:
2713:"Labour and the Truth and Justice Commission"
1390:Royal Commission on Birmingham Borough Prison
1066:Royal Commission on Social Policy (1986–1988)
427:Royal Commission into New South Wales Prisons
270:Royal Commission on Intelligence and Security
3336:
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2185:defenceveteransuicide.royalcommission.gov.au
1795:Royal Commission on the University of Durham
1376:(1853–1854) led to the establishment of the
1304:Royal Commission on Health of the Metropolis
1026:David Harvey Crewe and Jeanette Lenore Crewe
1017:Royal Commission on Maori Courts (1978–1980)
1008:Royal Commission into the Courts (1976–1978)
931:to investigate alleged injuries suffered by
636:List of Western Australian royal commissions
511:construction of a bridge to Hindmarsh Island
120:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
2625:"A quoi servent les commissions d'enquĂŞte?"
1966:Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution
1638:Royal Commission on the War in South Africa
1617:Royal Commission on South African Hospitals
1548:Royal Commission on Market Rights and Tolls
1364:Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851
1316:Royal Commission on Subdivision of Parishes
246:(1964), investigated the collision between
3129:New Zealand Government of Internal Affairs
2529:. Sessional paper. Government of Mauritius
2526:Commission of Inquiry Sugar Industry, 1962
1479:Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts
1420:Royal Commission on the Health of the Army
1286:Royal Commission on Merchant Seamen's Fund
849:Commission of Enquiry on Drugs (1986–1987)
718:Royal Independent Investigation Commission
703:(November 1983 – December 1984) (formerly
477:List of South Australian royal commissions
305:(2001–2003), investigated the collapse of
3315:
3071:
2825:
2760:"Government Launches Inquiry Into Racing"
2391:
2354:"Report on Slave Trade CO 167/138 (1828)"
1940:in Scotland introduced in 1975 under the
1604:(1899), which led to the creation of the
1509:Royal Commission on Technical Instruction
1402:Royal Commission on Leicester County Gaol
1334:Royal Commission on Common Law (Pleading)
1214:Royal Commission on South Wales Turnpikes
905:Royal Commission on the Teaching Services
596:2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission
522:Child Protection Systems Royal Commission
452:List of Queensland commissions of inquiry
406:List of New South Wales royal commissions
387:Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme
3238:
2892:
2597:"Wrangling over a commission of enquiry"
2499:
1884:Royal Commission on Marriage and Divorce
1822:, examined the possible closer union of
1762:Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe
1752:Royal Commission on Agriculture in India
1346:Royal Commission on Cambridge University
1070:Royal Commission on Genetic Modification
1054:Royal Commission on the Electoral System
852:Margo Commission of Enquiry on crash of
287:("Stewart Royal Commission") (1981–1983)
244:Royal Commission on loss of HMAS Voyager
3074:"Pike River disaster inquiry announced"
2547:
2211:"Murray-Darling Basin Royal Commission"
2051:Presidential Commission (United States)
1627:Second Royal Commission on Tuberculosis
1572:Royal Commission on Secondary Education
1082:Royal Commission on Auckland Governance
429:("Nagle Royal Commission"), (1976–1978)
14:
3450:
3007:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2522:
2017:Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure
1866:Royal Commission on Capital Punishment
1611:Royal Commission on the Port of London
1591:First Royal Commission on Tuberculosis
1581:Royal Commission on Indian Expenditure
1473:Royal Commission on Capital Punishment
1460:Royal Commission on the Public Schools
1426:'s reports on medical care during the
1280:Royal Commission on the British Museum
1220:Royal Commission on Framework Knitters
418:Royal Commission into Drug Trafficking
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2802:
2735:"Truth and Justice Commission report"
2284:from the original on 6 September 2024
2244:from the original on 6 September 2024
2191:from the original on 6 September 2024
2130:
2112:from the original on 6 September 2024
2092:
2090:
1915:Royal Commission on Medical Education
1878:Royal Commission on the Civil Service
1783:Royal Commission on the Civil Service
1737:Royal Commission on London Government
1408:Royal Commission on Newcastle Cholera
1340:Royal Commission on Oxford University
1244:Royal Commission on Judicial Circuits
984:Royal Commission of Inquiry into the
871:Commission of Inquiry on the sale of
677:
534:Murray-Darling Basin Royal Commission
493:Royal Commission in regard to Rupert
91:an equivalent entity may be termed a
3413:
3407:
3213:from the original on 5 December 2022
3072:Hartevelt, John (29 November 2010).
2805:"The Task Force on drugs: a gimmick"
2782:"Communiqué - Commission of Inquiry"
2124:
2023:Royal Commission on Criminal Justice
1953:Royal Commission on the Constitution
1942:Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973
1777:Royal Commission on Local Government
1707:Royal Commission on Fuel and Engines
1491:Royal Commission on the Factory Acts
1262:Royal Commission on Millbank Prisons
1171:Royal Commission on the Criminal Law
1124:
629:
463:Grantham Flood Commission of Inquiry
231:List of Australian royal commissions
129:
2893:Bhuckory, Kamlesh (16 March 2018).
2474:
1816:Rhodesia-Nyasaland Royal Commission
1596:Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal
1208:Royal Commission on Health of Towns
569:List of Victorian royal commissions
528:Nuclear Fuel Cycle Royal Commission
303:Royal Commission into HIH Insurance
189:powers the commissioners are often
24:
3104:canterbury.royalcommission.govt.nz
2913:
2826:Allybocus, Fairyal (5 July 2019).
2594:
2428:
2131:Laing, Rosemary (16 August 2016).
2087:
1984:Royal Commission on Legal Services
1695:Royal Commission on Public Records
1653:Royal Commission on London Traffic
1396:Royal Commission on Bankruptcy Law
1268:Royal Commission on New Bishoprics
1250:Royal Commission on Railway Gauges
1238:Royal Commission on Tidal Harbours
1076:Royal Commission on Police Conduct
939:Royal Commission for Police Reform
742:Presidential Commission of Inquiry
731:List of Canadian royal commissions
470:
399:
309:, then Australia's second largest
25:
3479:
3052:pikeriver.royalcommission.govt.nz
2689:
2451:
2275:www.royalcommissiondfsv.sa.gov.au
2224:
2070:"1944 Commissions of Enquiry Act"
1758:Royal Commission on Land Drainage
1384:Royal Commission on County Courts
1292:Royal Commission on Marriage Laws
1202:Royal Commission on Midland Mines
1120:
1107:Royal Commission of Inquiry into
997:Accident Compensation Corporation
619:(22 February 2019 – 2 March 2021)
507:Hindmarsh Island Royal Commission
486:to inquire into the loss of the "
3348:Institute of Historical Research
3297:Institute of Historical Research
2502:"Trustram-Eve Commission report"
1623:Royal Commission on Tuberculosis
1587:Royal Commission on Tuberculosis
1128:
995:and led to the formation of the
981:Royal Commission on Mines (1911)
854:South African Airways Flight 295
134:
3391:
3366:
3225:
3193:
3168:
3142:
3117:
3092:
3065:
3040:
3015:
2969:
2886:
2864:
2842:
2819:
2803:Varma, Yatin (22 August 2018).
2796:
2774:
2752:
2727:
2705:
2683:
2671:. Government of Mauritius. 1987
2661:
2649:. Government of Mauritius. 1984
2639:
2617:
2588:
2566:
2541:
2516:
2493:
2468:
2445:
2422:
2400:
2368:
2346:
2102:Parliament of Australia Library
1932:(1966–1969), also known as the
1923:(1966–1969), also known as the
1892:(1957–1960), also known as the
1868:(1949–1953), also known as the
1818:(1937–1939), also known as the
1739:(1921–1923), also known as the
1713:Royal Commission on Vivisection
1640:(1902–1903), also known as the
1589:(1896–1898), also known as the
1523:(1883–1884), also known as the
1462:(1861–1864), also known as the
1352:Royal Commission on Divorce Law
803:Royal Commission on Agriculture
221:dissolved by a superior court.
2321:
2296:
2256:
2203:
2173:
2062:
1938:regional and district councils
1909:Royal Commission on the Police
1860:Royal Commission on Population
1328:Royal Commission on Smithfield
975:
935:while in police custody (1999)
13:
1:
2627:. L'Express. 28 February 2020
2056:
1995:(1973–78), also known as the
1972:Royal Commission on the Press
1955:(1969–73), also known as the
1903:Royal Commission on the Press
1848:Royal Commission on the Press
1789:Royal Commission on Transport
1773:(September 1928 – March 1929)
1625:(1901–11), also known as the
1322:Royal Commission on Charities
1109:Christchurch mosque shootings
785:Commission of Inquiry (India)
748:Colebrooke–Cameron Commission
686:(2016–2017). On 25 July 2016
516:Kapunda Road Royal Commission
445:
55:. They have been held in the
51:into a defined issue in some
2548:Banwell, Sir Harold (1966).
2181:"About the Royal Commission"
1358:Royal Commission on Chancery
860:Truth and Justice Commission
809:
753:
482:Commission appointed by the
125:
30:Not to be confused with The
7:
2784:. Mauritius Turf Club (MTC)
2386:(93). NCBI: 134–135. 1871.
2044:
1378:Metropolitan Board of Works
886:
824:Commission of Enquiry into
590:Longford gas plant accident
562:
439:Chelmsford Royal Commission
18:Royal Commission of Inquiry
10:
3484:
3414:Wood, John Carter (2012).
2715:. Le Mauricien. 2 May 2015
2140:Senator Peter-Whish Wilson
1986:(1976), also known as the
1898:London Government Act 1963
1810:Palestine Royal Commission
1730:(1919), also known as the
1721:(1917), also known as the
1574:(1895), also known as the
1560:Royal Commission on Labour
1033:Air New Zealand Flight 901
828:(Hooper Commission, 1937)
797:Royal Commission on Labour
782:
739:
728:
711:
694:
633:
588:Royal Commission into the
581:Royal Commission into the
574:Royal Commission into the
566:
474:
449:
403:
228:
224:
172:Royal Commissions Act 1902
29:
2874:. Government of Mauritius
2852:. L'Express. 9 April 2017
2456:. Government of Mauritius
2433:. Government of Mauritius
2075:. Government of Mauritius
1925:Redcliffe–Maud Commission
1058:Mixed Member Proportional
791:Royal Commission on Opium
735:
724:
648:of Indigenous Australians
545:Early Childhood Education
143:This section needs to be
121:Notable royal commissions
3374:"The 1870 Education Act"
2010:(1975–1979), chaired by
1606:Metropolitan Water Board
1087:Royal Commission on the
933:Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim
778:
600:2009 Victorian bushfires
215:Kennedy Royal Commission
1089:Pike River Mine tragedy
826:Unrest on Sugar Estates
501:Splatt Royal Commission
346:Home Insulation Program
176:Parliament of Australia
3468:Government commissions
2356:. UK National Archives
1766:Land Drainage Act 1930
1096:Canterbury Earthquakes
1060:voting system in 1993.
646:Forrest River massacre
610:5 January 2017 at the
550:Royal Commission into
547:& Care (2022–2023)
543:Royal Commission into
200:classified information
102:but restricted to the
3235:(accessed 18/11/2012)
1957:Kilbrandon Commission
1723:Ballantyne Commission
1422:(1856–1857) based on
585:collapse, (1970–1971)
93:commission of inquiry
3400:, 22 November 1904,
3352:University of London
3301:University of London
2574:"Banwell Commission"
1820:Bledisloe Commission
1741:Ullswater Commission
1464:Clarendon Commission
1441:Newcastle Commission
1424:Florence Nightingale
1142:adding missing items
578:failure, (1962–1963)
538:Murray-Darling Basin
202:), holding hearings
3209:. 5 December 2022.
2523:Balogh, T. (1963).
2308:Premier of Victoria
2240:. 16 October 2022.
2152:Clerk of the Senate
1961:Crowther Commission
1934:Wheatley Commission
1797:(1935), chaired by
1760:(1927), chaired by
1366:(1850) planned the
1024:for the Murders of
1022:Arthur Allan Thomas
32:Lords Commissioners
3458:Administrative law
3156:. 21 December 2020
2277:. Vol. XXIX.
1997:Pearson Commission
1894:Herbert Commission
1732:Asquith Commission
1140:; you can help by
678:Northern Territory
576:King Street Bridge
170:operate under the
104:terms of reference
3206:Radio New Zealand
2429:Hooper, Charles.
2410:. British History
2333:rcvmhs.vic.gov.au
2012:Sir Alec Merrison
1988:Benson Commission
1870:Gowers Commission
1828:Northern Rhodesia
1824:Southern Rhodesia
1525:Napier Commission
1158:
1157:
1039:The Mahon Inquiry
986:Ballantyne's fire
630:Western Australia
484:Governor-in-Chief
311:insurance company
238:The Brisbane Line
164:
163:
16:(Redirected from
3475:
3463:Public inquiries
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3411:
3405:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3340:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3289:
3236:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3006:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2988:
2982:. Archived from
2981:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2952:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2604:L'Express Weekly
2601:
2595:Prayag, Touria.
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2272:
2268:"Letters Patent"
2266:(4 March 2024).
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2161:on 21 March 2022
2160:
2154:. Archived from
2144:Parliament House
2137:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2074:
2066:
1836:Second World War
1642:Elgin Commission
1576:Bryce Commission
1368:Great Exhibition
1153:
1150:
1132:
1131:
1125:
993:Woodhouse Report
929:Royal Commission
656:Bond Corporation
583:West Gate Bridge
168:Governor-General
159:
156:
150:
138:
137:
130:
41:royal commission
21:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3412:
3408:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3355:
3342:
3341:
3316:
3306:
3304:
3291:
3290:
3239:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3159:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3108:
3106:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2977:"Archived copy"
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2824:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2762:. Sporting Post
2758:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2652:
2650:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2599:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2504:. UK Government
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2452:Moody, Sydney.
2450:
2446:
2436:
2434:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
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2347:
2337:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2270:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
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2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2096:
2095:
2088:
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2076:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2047:
2041:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1129:
1123:
1035:(Also known as
978:
889:
812:
787:
781:
756:
744:
738:
733:
727:
714:
697:
680:
666:Carmen Lawrence
638:
632:
612:Wayback Machine
571:
565:
556:Sexual Violence
479:
473:
471:South Australia
454:
448:
408:
402:
400:New South Wales
233:
227:
160:
154:
151:
148:
139:
135:
128:
123:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3481:
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3365:
3314:
3237:
3224:
3192:
3167:
3141:
3116:
3091:
3064:
3039:
3014:
2989:on 9 June 2011
2968:
2912:
2885:
2863:
2841:
2818:
2807:. Le Mauricien
2795:
2773:
2751:
2726:
2704:
2682:
2660:
2638:
2616:
2587:
2565:
2540:
2515:
2500:Trustram-Eve.
2492:
2475:Matthur, Raj.
2467:
2444:
2421:
2399:
2367:
2345:
2320:
2295:
2255:
2223:
2202:
2172:
2123:
2086:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2005:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1950:
1944:
1927:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1813:
1807:
1801:
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1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1679:(1908–present)
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1635:
1629:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1599:
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1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
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1470:
1468:public schools
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1156:
1155:
1135:
1133:
1122:
1121:United Kingdom
1119:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1104:(2018–present)
1099:
1092:
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1079:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1051:
1048:
1029:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1000:
989:
982:
977:
974:
973:
972:
971:(2017–present)
966:
965:(2015–present)
960:
954:
953:(2010–present)
948:
942:
936:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
888:
885:
884:
883:
880:
879:(2017–ongoing)
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838:
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806:
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794:
783:Main article:
780:
777:
776:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
755:
752:
751:
750:
737:
734:
729:Main article:
726:
723:
722:
721:
713:
710:
709:
708:
696:
693:
692:
691:
679:
676:
675:
674:
668:
659:
649:
631:
628:
627:
626:
625:(2018–present)
620:
614:
602:
593:
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579:
564:
561:
560:
559:
548:
541:
531:
525:
519:
513:
504:
498:
491:
472:
469:
468:
467:
464:
461:
450:Main article:
447:
444:
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442:
436:
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424:
415:
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398:
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333:
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288:
282:
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267:
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241:
229:Main article:
226:
223:
187:quasi-judicial
174:passed by the
162:
161:
155:September 2024
142:
140:
133:
127:
124:
122:
119:
111:letters patent
57:United Kingdom
49:public inquiry
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3480:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
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3403:
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3394:
3379:
3378:UK Parliament
3375:
3369:
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3207:
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2984:the original
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2156:the original
2138:. Letter to
2126:
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2101:
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2040:
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1987:
1960:
1956:
1933:
1924:
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330:Oil for Food
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97:
92:
85:Saudi Arabia
40:
38:
36:
3383:17 February
3160:21 February
3109:21 February
3084:29 November
3078:Stuff.co.nz
3057:21 February
3032:6 September
2961:21 February
2901:. Bloomberg
2878:11 December
2830:. L'Express
2675:11 December
2653:11 December
2631:28 February
2580:11 December
2558:11 December
2533:11 December
2508:11 December
2485:11 December
2460:11 December
2437:11 December
2414:11 December
2360:11 December
2288:6 September
2248:6 September
2195:6 September
2079:11 December
2004:(1977–1979)
1980:(1974–1976)
1974:(1974–1977)
1968:(1970–2011)
1917:(1965–1968)
1905:(1961–1962)
1880:(1953–1955)
1856:(1949–1951)
1850:(1947–1949)
1785:(1929–1931)
1754:(1926–1928)
1697:(1910–1918)
1685:(1908–1999)
1673:(1908–2015)
1655:(1903–1905)
1634:(1901–1903)
1613:(1900–1902)
1598:(1898–1912)
1568:(1891–1893)
1562:(1891–1892)
1556:(1889–1894)
1550:(1889–1891)
1538:(1885–1886)
1532:(1884–1885)
1517:(1881–1882)
1511:(1881–1884)
1475:(1864–1866)
1428:Crimean War
1416:(1854–1859)
1410:(1853–1854)
1404:(1853–1854)
1398:(1853–1854)
1392:(1853–1854)
1386:(1853–1855)
1360:(1850–1856)
1354:(1850–1853)
1348:(1850–1852)
1342:(1850–1852)
1336:(1850–1860)
1330:(1849–1850)
1324:(1849–1851)
1318:(1849–1856)
1312:(1849–1851)
1306:(1847–1850)
1300:(1847–1849)
1294:(1847–1850)
1288:(1847–1848)
1282:(1847–1850)
1276:(1847–1854)
1264:(1846–1847)
1252:(1845–1846)
1240:(1845–1846)
1234:(1845–1849)
1228:(1844–1855)
1222:(1844–1845)
1216:(1843–1844)
1210:(1843–1848)
1204:(1842–1843)
1198:(1842–1851)
1192:(1841–1843)
1186:(1840–1843)
1173:(1833–1845)
1149:August 2015
1111:(2019–2020)
1098:(2011–2012)
1091:(2011–2012)
1084:(2007–2009)
1078:(2004–2007)
1028:(1980–1981)
1014:(1976–1978)
1005:(1975–1977)
988:(1947–1948)
976:New Zealand
959:(2012–2014)
947:(2007–2008)
558:(2024–2025)
503:(1983–1984)
395:(2021–2024)
389:(2022–2023)
377:(2019–2023)
371:(2018–2021)
365:(2017–2019)
359:(2016–2017)
353:(2014–2015)
338:(2013–2017)
293:(1984–1985)
69:New Zealand
43:is a major
3452:Categories
3217:5 December
3180:The Nation
3134:1 February
2788:1 December
2744:1 December
2313:31 January
2216:31 January
2057:References
1799:Lord Moyne
1138:incomplete
740:See also:
634:See also:
567:See also:
495:Max Stuart
475:See also:
446:Queensland
404:See also:
53:monarchies
3437:23 August
3432:1422-0857
3426:(1): 78.
3398:The Times
2811:22 August
2766:5 January
2697:1 October
2146:Canberra
1832:Nyasaland
1667:(1905–09)
810:Mauritius
754:Hong Kong
328:into the
252:and HMAS
250:Melbourne
205:in camera
126:Australia
89:republics
81:Mauritius
61:Australia
3211:Archived
3185:27 March
3003:cite web
2905:16 March
2279:Archived
2242:Archived
2237:ABC News
2189:Archived
2165:2 August
2116:2 August
2110:Archived
2106:Canberra
2045:See also
887:Malaysia
608:Archived
563:Victoria
552:Domestic
490:" (1859)
240:" (1943)
77:Malaysia
3358:14 June
3307:14 June
2993:27 June
2856:9 April
2393:5163407
2338:20 July
1959:or the
999:in 1974
712:Bahrain
695:Bahamas
488:Admella
332:program
326:the AWB
264:Voyager
254:Voyager
225:Federal
191:retired
145:updated
47:formal
3430:
3354:. 2019
3303:. 2019
3150:"Home"
3028:. 1981
2834:5 July
2609:9 July
2576:. EISA
2390:
2329:"Home"
2037:(1999)
2031:(1998)
2025:(1991)
2019:(1981)
1949:(1968)
1911:(1962)
1886:(1956)
1862:(1949)
1844:(1940)
1812:(1937)
1806:(1936)
1791:(1932)
1779:(1929)
1748:(1926)
1715:(1912)
1709:(1912)
1703:(1912)
1691:(1910)
1661:(1904)
1649:(1903)
1619:(1901)
1583:(1896)
1544:(1889)
1505:(1880)
1499:(1878)
1493:(1876)
1487:(1875)
1481:(1869)
1456:(1863)
1450:(1863)
1435:(1859)
1270:(1847)
1258:(1846)
1246:(1845)
1167:(1833)
941:(2004)
925:(1991)
919:(1989)
913:(1988)
907:(1971)
901:(1968)
895:(1965)
873:Britam
856:(1987)
805:(1928)
799:(1929)
793:(1895)
736:Ceylon
725:Canada
540:system
497:(1959)
383:(2020)
73:Norway
65:Canada
45:ad-hoc
3402:Index
3080:. APN
3026:(PDF)
2987:(PDF)
2980:(PDF)
2740:. TJC
2738:(PDF)
2719:2 May
2600:(PDF)
2480:(PDF)
2282:(PDF)
2271:(PDF)
2159:(PDF)
2136:(PDF)
2073:(PDF)
779:India
248:HMAS
100:judge
87:. In
3439:2020
3428:ISSN
3404:p. 7
3385:2017
3360:2021
3309:2021
3219:2022
3187:2019
3162:2024
3136:2018
3111:2024
3086:2010
3059:2024
3034:2011
3009:link
2995:2009
2963:2024
2907:2018
2880:2020
2858:2017
2836:2019
2813:2018
2790:2015
2768:2015
2746:2011
2721:2015
2699:2014
2677:2020
2655:2020
2633:2020
2611:2010
2582:2020
2560:2020
2535:2020
2510:2020
2487:2020
2462:2020
2439:2020
2416:2020
2362:2020
2340:2019
2315:2019
2290:2024
2250:2024
2218:2019
2197:2024
2167:2021
2118:2021
2081:2020
1830:and
875:and
196:oath
83:and
2388:PMC
2148:ACT
1144:.
877:BAI
95:.
3454::
3424:16
3422:.
3418:.
3376:.
3346:.
3317:^
3295:.
3240:^
3203:.
3178:.
3152:.
3127:.
3102:.
3076:.
3050:.
3005:}}
3001:{{
2915:^
2897:.
2602:.
2384:47
2382:.
2378:.
2331:.
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2234:.
2183:.
2150::
2142:.
2108:.
2104:.
2100:.
2089:^
1826:,
217:.
79:,
75:,
71:,
67:,
63:,
59:,
39:A
3441:.
3387:.
3362:.
3350:/
3311:.
3299:/
3221:.
3189:.
3164:.
3138:.
3113:.
3088:.
3061:.
3036:.
3011:)
2997:.
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2909:.
2882:.
2860:.
2838:.
2815:.
2792:.
2770:.
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2723:.
2701:.
2679:.
2657:.
2635:.
2613:.
2584:.
2562:.
2537:.
2512:.
2489:.
2464:.
2441:.
2418:.
2396:.
2364:.
2342:.
2317:.
2292:.
2252:.
2220:.
2199:.
2169:.
2120:.
2083:.
1838:.
1178:/
1151:)
1147:(
1041:"
1037:"
157:)
153:(
147:.
20:)
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