1174:
1155:
46:
958:
989:
838:
64:
1423:
1314:, the god of love, who had warned the couple that they should "not sleep in a cave with one opening, or a house with one door, or a tree with one branch, and that they would never be able to eat where they cooked, or sleep where they ate." Fionn Mac Cuimhaill tracked the couple to the rowan tree and tricked Diarmuid into revealing himself through a game of chess. Aengus spirited Grainne away and Diarmuid leapt to safety, and the pursuit continued.
1193:) can be made into a slightly bitter jelly which in Britain is traditionally eaten as an accompaniment to game, and into jams and other preserves either on their own or with other fruit. The fruit can also be a substitute for coffee beans, and has many uses in alcoholic beverages: to flavour liqueurs and cordials, to produce country wine, and to flavour ale. In Austria a clear rowan schnapps is distilled which is called by its German name
1072:
785:
388:
1223:(about 0.4%â0.7% in the European rowan), which causes indigestion and can lead to kidney damage, but heat treatment (cooking, heat-drying etc.) and, to a lesser extent, freezing, renders it nontoxic by changing it to the benign sorbic acid. They are also usually too astringent to be palatable when raw. Collecting them after first frost (or putting in the freezer) cuts down on the bitter taste as well.
1437:, popular folklore maintains that a heavy crop of fruit means a hard or difficult winter. Similarly, in Finland and Sweden, the number of fruit on the trees was used as a predictor of the snow cover during winter, but here the belief was that the rowan "will not bear a heavy load of fruit and a heavy load of snow in the same year", that is, a heavy fruit crop predicted a winter with little snow.
1406:, the rowan is known as the "portal tree". It is considered the threshold, between this world and otherworld, or between here and wherever you may be going, for example, it was placed at the gate to a property, signifying the crossing of the threshold between the path or street and the property of someone. According to Elen Sentier, "Threshold is a place of both
1326:) has a long tradition in European mythology and folklore. It was thought to be a magical tree and give protection against malevolent beings. The tree was also called "wayfarer's tree" or "traveller's tree" because it supposedly prevents those on a journey from getting lost. It was said in England that this was the tree on which the Devil hanged
1510:, where Quickbeam and other Ents live, is populated with numerous rowans that were said to have been planted by male Ents to please the female Entwives. Quickbeam declares his fondness for the tree by saying that no other "people of the Rose ... are so beautiful to me," a reference to the rowan's membership in the family
694:. Rowan was also the clan badge of the Malcolms and McLachlans. There were strong taboos in the Highlands against the use of any parts of the tree save the berries, except for ritual purposes. For example, a Gaelic threshing tool made of rowan and called a buaitean was used on grain meant for rituals and celebrations.
1309:
was compelled to kill SearbhĂĄn to obtain them. His mortal weapons being powerless against SearbhĂĄn, he used the giant's own iron club to kill him. The pair climbed high into the rowan tree to eat the sweetest berries, then rested in the tree afterwards. This was in violation of the advice of
1440:
However, as fruit production for a given summer is related to weather conditions the previous summer, with warm, dry summers increasing the amount of stored sugars available for subsequent flower and fruit production, it has no predictive relationship to the weather of the next winter.
969:, a small tree typically 4â12 metres (13â39 ft) tall growing in a variety of habitats throughout northern Europe and in mountains in southern Europe and southwest Asia. Its berries are a favourite food for many birds and are a traditional wild-collected food in Britain and
1304:
had spurned. The pair came to a forest guarded by the giant SearbhĂĄn. SearbhĂĄn allowed the pair to rest and hunt in his forest, as long as they did not eat the berries of his magical rowan tree. The pregnant
Grainne desired the berries, and
1448:, Finland, the reverse was thought. If the rowan flowers were plentiful then the rye harvest would also be plentiful. Similarly, if the rowan flowered twice in a year there would be many potatoes and many weddings that autumn. And in
1728:"The similarities in the physical characteristics of all three types of tree are pervasive enough that they are confused not only in folk terminology, but also in botanical nomenclature". Richard Stoll Shannon (1975).
1606:
I have seen a twig of rowan-tree which had been gathered on the second of May (observe this), wound round with some dozens of yards of red thread, placed visible in the window to act as a charm in keeping witches and
907:
4â8 millimetres (0.16â0.31 in) diameter, bright orange or red in most species, but pink, yellow or white in some Asian species. The fruit are soft and juicy, which makes them a very good food for
1281:
the rowan is called "the salvation of Thor" because Thor once saved himself by clinging to it. It has been hypothesized that Sif was once conceived in the form of a rowan to which Thor clung.
1002:
with large leaves 20â35 centimetres (8â14 in) long and 15â20 centimetres (6â8 in) broad and very large corymbs with 200â500 flowers, and at the other extreme, small-leaf rowan
1360:
According to Frazer, birds' droppings often contain rowan seeds, and if such droppings land in a fork or hole where old leaves have accumulated on a larger tree, such as an
1394:
mortals could safely witness fairy rades (mounted processions held by the fairies each year at the onset of summer) by placing a rowan branch over their doors.
594:, which survives in the name quickbeam (also quicken, quicken-tree, and variants). This name by the 19th century was reinterpreted as connected to the word
670:), owing to the beauty of its berries". Due to this, "delight of the eye" (vel sim.) has been reported as a "name of the rowan" by some commentators.
510:. The name "rowan" is recorded from 1804, detached from an earlier rowan-tree, rountree, attested from the 1540s in northern dialects of English and
501:
is also known as "chequer tree"; its fruits, formerly used to flavour beer, are called "chequers", perhaps from the spotted pattern of the fruit.
996:
The greatest diversity of form as well as the largest number of rowan species is in Asia, with very distinctive species such as
Sargent's rowan
1124:
Rowans are excellent small ornamental trees for parks, gardens and wildlife areas. Several of the Asian species, such as white-fruited rowan (
1212:
with superior fruit for human food use are available but not common; mostly the fruits are gathered from wild trees growing on public lands.
1058:; these are variably intermediate between their parents but generally more resemble whitebeams and are usually grouped with them (q.v.).
2406:
1008:
with leaves 8â12 centimetres (3â5 in) long and 2.5â3 centimetres (0.98â1.18 in) broad. While most are trees, the dwarf rowan
1143:
The wood is dense and used for carving and turning and for tool handles and walking sticks. Rowan fruit are a traditional source of
1140:'Joseph Rock', of hybrid origin. They are very attractive to fruit-eating birds, which is reflected in the old name "bird catcher".
1465:
In Sweden, it was also thought that if the rowan trees grew pale and lost colour, the autumn and winter would bring much illness.
543:
2360:
1774:
Folk-etymology: a
Dictionary of Verbal Corruptions Or Words Perverted in Form Or Meaning, by False Derivation Or Mistaken Analogy
687:
2130:
1984:
1173:
1414:(the way out). Rowan is a portal, threshold tree offering you the chance of 'going somewhere ... and leaving somewhere."
1293:
625:
was carved from the wood of this tree, and the subsequent association of the Rowan's red fruit with the blood of Christ.
2365:
1372:
on the larger tree. Such a rowan is called a "flying rowan" and was thought of as especially potent against witches and
540:
1820:
2086:
2059:
2009:
1858:
1798:
1664:
1473:
References to the rowan fruit's red color and the flowers' beauty are common in Celtic music. For example, the song "
1111:
824:
427:
299:
262:
1631:"rowan noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at"
2274:
1093:
806:
409:
2221:
Tillhagen, Carl-Herman. (1995). Skogarna och träden: Naturvürd i güngna tider. Carlssons bokfÜrlag, Stockholm.
2338:
1018:
to 50 centimetres (20 in) tall. Several of the Asian species are widely cultivated as ornamental trees.
1151:
vegetable dyes. In
Finland, it has been a traditional wood of choice for horse sled shafts and rake spikes.
1874:
457:
1357:(1890) reported such a tradition in Scotland, where the tree was often planted near a gate or front door.
1708:
767:
602:
for quick and names such as wicken-tree, wich-tree, wicky, and wiggan-tree, giving rise to names such as
2352:
621:. Criafol may be translated as "The Lamenting Fruit", likely derived from the Welsh tradition that the
1690:
1630:
1380:
also reported traditions of rowan's apotropaic powers against witches in
English folklore, citing the
1523:
1154:
899:; each flower is creamy white, and 5â10 millimetres (0.20â0.39 in) across with five petals. The
702:
2146:
Kobro, S.; Søreide, L.; Djønne, E.; Rafoss, T.; Jaastad, G.; Witzgall, P. (2003). "Masting of rowan
982:
761:
seems to have referred to the colour of the berries; it is also recorded as a
Gaulish name for the
682:
63:
1341:
powers of the rowan-tree, in particular in the warding off of witches. Such a report is given by
1082:
795:
398:
1961:
1201:, the Polish JarzÄbiak is rowan-flavoured vodka, and the Welsh used to make a rowan wine called
2347:
2296:
1929:
1377:
1350:
1327:
1089:
923:
in their droppings. Due to their small size the fruits are often referred to as berries, but a
802:
405:
189:
45:
28:
2076:
1777:
1737:
1581:
974:
691:
24:
8:
1458:
1427:
1306:
1277:
322:
2026:
467:
is attested from the 1520s in the sense "fruit of the service tree", adopted via French
2167:
1474:
1297:
1004:
998:
843:
198:
58:
20:
1813:
Wild flowers of
Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora
1604:
Black-luggie, lammer bead, rowan-tree and reed thread, put the witches to their speed.
19:"Mountain-ash" and "Quicken Tree" redirect here. For the Australian mountain ash, see
2270:
2207:
2186:
2126:
2082:
2055:
2028:
Pictures of nature in the
Silurian region around the Malvern Hills and vale of Severn
2005:
1980:
1854:
1816:
1794:
1660:
1039:
698:
648:
2171:
1947:
1895:
1136:
have also been selected for garden use, several of them, such as the yellow-fruited
2231:
Mannhardt, Wilhelm (1963). "Der
Baumkultus der Germanen und ihrer Nachbarstämmes".
2202:
2159:
2049:
2045:
1493:
1391:
1354:
1047:
1027:
506:
343:
273:
236:
2401:
2323:
1289:
1260:
1220:
936:
710:
622:
535:
101:
1296:
sees the couple eloping, trying to escape the vengeance of the legendary leader
642:
1602:"The anti-witch rhyme used in Tweedesdale some sixty or seventy years ago was:
1558:
1498:
1237:
1186:
1010:
924:
610:
515:
511:
493:
88:
2163:
2395:
2122:
1382:
1334:
1033:
978:
916:
654:
174:
2378:
1434:
1403:
1386:(collected between 1846 and 1859). Rowan also serves as protection against
1285:
928:
595:
2332:
1741:
1373:
1346:
1216:
970:
947:
706:
603:
587:
445:
366:
360:
2145:
1163:
837:
1570:
1546:
1342:
1338:
1245:
1096: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1055:
957:
809: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
487:
is due to a superficial similarity of the rowan leaves to those of the
412: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1422:
973:. It is one of the hardiest European trees, occurring to 71° north in
891:, with (7â)11â35 leaflets. A terminal leaflet is always present. The
1759:
1534:
1507:
1167:
988:
852:
629:
334:
2290:
1691:"Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
1252:
resembles North
Germanic words for the tree (for example, Old Norse
1071:
784:
387:
16:
Common name of a subgenus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae
2373:
2317:
1934:
Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia
1511:
1453:
1369:
1209:
1133:
1128:) are popular for their unusual fruit colour, and Sargent's rowan (
1051:
872:
867:
745:(also the name for a dark reddish-brown colour, cognate with Greek
726:
488:
326:
318:
147:
114:
2184:
1387:
1301:
1148:
912:
888:
738:
709:, this species is commonly referred to as a "dogberry" tree. In
480:
371:
157:
137:
1744:
in 1590 apparently fell victim to just this confusion, equating
1452:
people are noted as having said that winter had begun when the
1311:
1272:
1241:
1144:
896:
892:
547:"to redden", in reference to the berries (as is the Latin name
321:. They are native throughout the cool temperate regions of the
313:
167:
127:
479:
is also known as "whitty pear", the adjective whitty meaning "
1449:
1445:
1365:
1015:
943:
900:
863:
859:
330:
245:
75:
1851:
The Neighbourhood Forager: A Guide For The Wild Food Gourmet
1977:
Don't Shoot the Albatross! Nautical myths and superstitions
1268:
932:
920:
908:
904:
884:
855:
285:
282:
248:
2031:. H. W. Lamb. pp. 274ff – via Internet Archive.
1132:) for its exceptionally large clusters of fruit. Numerous
875:. Though their leaves are superficially similar, those of
686:), which appears in numerous Highland place names such as
1503:
1361:
1264:
1248:. Red berries of rowan were holy to Ravdna, and the name
762:
1928:
1730:
The Arms of Achilles and Homeric Compositional Technique
1586:(formerly considered as a subgenus in the genus Sorbus)
1574:(formerly considered as a subgenus in the genus Sorbus)
1562:(formerly considered as a subgenus in the genus Sorbus)
1550:(formerly considered as a subgenus in the genus Sorbus)
1538:(formerly considered as a subgenus in the genus Sorbus)
2249:
504:
The traditional name rowan was applied to the species
2040:
2038:
300:
291:
288:
263:
254:
251:
1757:"Witch-hazel" is much more commonly associated with
862:. Rowans are unrelated to the true ash trees of the
858:
10â20 metres (33â66 ft) tall, though a few are
733:) with what is contemporarily the name of the boar (
279:
242:
2106:. London: George Bell & Sons. pp. 354â355.
1376:, and as a counter-charm against sorcery. In 1891,
497:, a true ash that is also known as "mountain ash".
276:
239:
2230:
2035:
1999:
1810:
2101:
1426:The rowan pictured in the former coat of arms of
1050:, mostly behaving as true species reproducing by
2393:
2239:. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Verlag: 52.
1922:
1678:The genus Sorbus: Mountain Ash and other Rowans
347:and is also used for other species in the genus
2185:Raspe, O.; Findlay, C.; Jacquemart, A. (2000).
1974:
1526:, an English surname derived from "rowan tree"
725:. The latter is a compound of the name of the
2254:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Carlssons bokfĂśrlag.
2044:
1502:employs rowans as the signature tree for the
965:The best-known species is the European rowan
325:, with the highest species diversity in the
2252:Skogarna och träden: Naturvürd i günga tider
1709:"Cambridge Botanic Garden: the Genus Sorbus"
2110:
1993:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1368:, they may result in a rowan growing as an
1021:North American native species in the genus
333:and parts of western China, where numerous
2024:
1811:Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003).
44:
2269:. Del Rey Books. Book 3, ch 4, page 102.
2206:
1853:. Toronto: Key Porter Books. p. 68.
1848:
1462:) had eaten the last of the rowan fruit.
1226:
1197:, Czechs also make a rowan liquor called
1112:Learn how and when to remove this message
825:Learn how and when to remove this message
658:, with the gloss "delightful to the eye (
456:is from a root for "red, reddish-brown" (
428:Learn how and when to remove this message
1789:Story, G. M. and Kirwin, W. J. (1990).
1644:
1590:
1421:
1172:
1153:
987:
956:
931:produced from a single ovary, whereas a
836:
2264:
2116:
765:(which also has red berries), see also
2394:
2074:
2004:. London: Grafton Books. p. 257.
1936:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. 98.
1877:. Floratrek.hautetfort.com. 2011-06-25
1804:
950:species; see Lepidoptera that feed on
341:was originally applied to the species
2295:
2294:
1962:"Mythology and Folklore of the Rowan"
1837:Trees and Bushes in Wood and Hedgerow
1829:
1181:from the island of Engeløya in Norway
942:Rowan is used as a food plant by the
737:), but in fact the continuation of a
681:
673:The most common Scots Gaelic name is
652:associates the rowan with the letter
518:source, perhaps related to Old Norse
2002:Albion: A guide to legendary Britain
1094:adding citations to reliable sources
1065:
847:, a Chinese species with white fruit
807:adding citations to reliable sources
778:
410:adding citations to reliable sources
381:
1954:
1915:O Raspe, C Findlay, AL Jacquemart.
1835:Vedel, H., & Lange, J. (1960).
1397:
1294:The Pursuit of Diarmuid and Grainne
1037:in the east and Sitka mountain-ash
514:. It is often thought to be from a
13:
2054:(Papermac ed.). p. 620.
1791:Dictionary of Newfoundland English
1468:
1244:is the consort of the thunder-god
1025:include the American mountain-ash
919:, which then distribute the rowan
887:are arranged alternately, and are
551:). Various dialectal variants of
14:
2418:
2407:Trees of subpolar oceanic climate
2286:
2078:Gypsy Sorcery and Fortune Telling
1979:. London, UK: A. & C. Black.
1839:. Metheun & Co. Ltd., London.
354:Natural hybrids, often including
311:are shrubs or trees in the genus
2208:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00502.x
2075:Leland, Charles Godfrey (1891).
1633:. Oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
1070:
783:
555:are found in English, including
386:
272:
235:
62:
2258:
2250:Tillhagen, Carl-Herman (1995).
2243:
2224:
2215:
2178:
2139:
2095:
2068:
2018:
1968:
1940:
1909:
1888:
1867:
1842:
1793:. University of Toronto Press.
1611:from the house." â C. G. Leland
1596:
1417:
1267:is the wife of the thunder god
1081:needs additional citations for
794:needs additional citations for
483:". The name "mountain-ash" for
397:needs additional citations for
1783:
1766:
1751:
1722:
1701:
1683:
1670:
1623:
879:are alternate, while those of
679:Scottish Gaelic pronunciation:
1:
1849:Henderson, Robert K. (2000).
1617:
1482:Red her cheeks as rowans are,
1317:
1219:, and when raw also contains
981:, and has also become widely
337:microspecies occur. The name
1919:The Journal of Ecology, 2000
1484:bright her eyes as any star,
1390:. For example, according to
1337:reported the folk belief in
1231:
977:in the far northern part of
636:, reflected in Modern Irish
7:
2102:Keightley, Thomas (1884) .
2000:Westwood, Jennifer (1985).
1815:. London: A & C Black.
1657:Trees of Britain and Europe
1517:
1506:, Quickbeam. The forest of
1486:fairest of them all by far,
1333:British folklorists of the
1271:, who has been linked with
1054:, occur between rowans and
985:in northern North America.
768:Eburodunum (disambiguation)
598:, from a dialectal variant
10:
2423:
1748:and quickbeam (see below).
1695:Plants of the World Online
961:Mature European rowan tree
721:("bird-berry tree") or as
609:The tree has two names in
491:, not to be confused with
18:
2303:
2164:10.1007/s10144-003-0136-x
2125:, Hants, UK: Moon Books.
2091:– via Google Books.
774:
703:Newfoundland and Labrador
204:
197:
186:
181:
59:Scientific classification
57:
52:
43:
38:
23:. For the racehorse, see
2265:Tolkien, J.R.R. (1982).
1975:Eyers, Jonathan (2011).
1930:Turville-Petre, E. O. G.
1740:. The English herbalist
851:Rowans are mostly small
377:
1875:"Sorbier des oiseleurs"
1676:McAllister, H.A. 2005.
1166:in Norway with visible
1061:
1031:and Showy mountain-ash
534:), ultimately from the
2117:Sentier, Elen (2014).
1948:"Diarmuid and GrĂĄinne"
1655:Rushforth, K. (1999).
1491:
1488:is our darling Marie.
1430:
1378:Charles Godfrey Leland
1227:Mythology and folklore
1182:
1170:
993:
962:
848:
190:List of Sorbus species
29:Rowan (disambiguation)
27:. For other uses, see
1898:. Countrylovers.co.uk
1772:Abram Smythe Palmer,
1591:Explanatory footnotes
1479:
1477:" contains the verse
1425:
1215:Rowan fruit contains
1176:
1157:
991:
960:
840:
590:name of the rowan is
370:), give rise to many
53:European rowan fruit
2119:Trees of the Goddess
1322:The European Rowan (
1090:improve this article
883:are opposite. Rowan
841:White-fruited rowan
803:improve this article
406:improve this article
374:variants in the UK.
317:of the rose family,
25:Quicken Tree (horse)
2339:Sorbus subg. Sorbus
2233:Wald- und Feldkulte
2121:. Shaman Pathways.
2104:The Fairy Mythology
2025:Edwin Lees (1856).
1950:. Bard Mythologies.
1917:Sorbus aucuparia L.
1711:. Botanic.cam.ac.uk
1459:Bombycilla garrulus
1162:from the island of
895:are borne in dense
358:and the whitebeam,
323:Northern Hemisphere
2195:Journal of Ecology
2152:Population Ecology
1896:"Wild Food School"
1431:
1298:Fionn Mac Cumhaill
1183:
1171:
1158:Freshly cross cut
1130:Sorbus sargentiana
1005:Sorbus microphylla
999:Sorbus sargentiana
994:
975:Vardø Municipality
963:
849:
844:Sorbus glabrescens
699:Canadian provinces
688:Beinn a' Chaorainn
683:[/kÉŻËrÉn/]
444:was borrowed into
21:Eucalyptus regnans
2389:
2388:
2297:Taxon identifiers
2132:978-1-78279-332-8
1986:978-1-4081-3131-2
1964:. Trees for Life.
1680:. Kew Publishing.
1410:(the way in) and
1126:Sorbus oligodonta
1122:
1121:
1114:
1040:Sorbus sitchensis
835:
834:
827:
692:Loch aâ Chaorainn
649:Book of Ballymote
640:. The "arboreal"
499:Sorbus torminalis
475:"service-berry".
452:. The Latin name
438:
437:
430:
356:S. aucuparia
227:
226:
221:
212:
211:Rivinus ex Medik.
177:
2414:
2382:
2381:
2369:
2368:
2356:
2355:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2308:
2292:
2291:
2281:
2280:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2189:Sorbus aucuparia
2182:
2176:
2175:
2148:Sorbus aucuparia
2143:
2137:
2136:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2051:The Golden Bough
2042:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2016:
2015:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1926:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1846:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1808:
1802:
1787:
1781:
1770:
1764:
1755:
1749:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1653:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1627:
1612:
1600:
1494:J. R. R. Tolkien
1398:Pagan revivalism
1392:Thomas Keightley
1355:Sir James Frazer
1324:Sorbus aucuparia
1195:Vogelbeerschnaps
1191:Sorbus aucuparia
1179:Sorbus aucuparia
1177:Freshly rip cut
1160:Sorbus aucuparia
1117:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1074:
1066:
1028:Sorbus americana
967:Sorbus aucuparia
830:
823:
819:
816:
810:
787:
779:
717:is known as the
715:Sorbus aucuparia
685:
680:
606:and witch-tree.
522:(c.f. Norwegian
507:Sorbus aucuparia
485:Sorbus domestica
477:Sorbus domestica
433:
426:
422:
419:
413:
390:
382:
344:Sorbus aucuparia
303:
298:
297:
294:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
266:
261:
260:
257:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
219:
210:
173:
67:
66:
48:
36:
35:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2377:
2372:
2364:
2359:
2351:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2306:
2299:
2289:
2284:
2277:
2263:
2259:
2248:
2244:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2183:
2179:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2115:
2111:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2081:. p. 198.
2073:
2069:
2062:
2043:
2036:
2023:
2019:
2012:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1927:
1923:
1914:
1910:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1847:
1843:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1809:
1805:
1788:
1784:
1771:
1767:
1756:
1752:
1727:
1723:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1675:
1671:
1654:
1645:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1520:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1475:Marie's Wedding
1471:
1469:Popular culture
1420:
1400:
1349:in the English
1345:(1856) for the
1320:
1290:Irish mythology
1275:. According to
1261:Norse mythology
1234:
1229:
1221:parasorbic acid
1118:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1087:
1075:
1064:
937:accessory fruit
911:, particularly
831:
820:
814:
811:
800:
788:
777:
753:"brown"); like
678:
623:Cross of Christ
440:The Latin name
434:
423:
417:
414:
403:
391:
380:
301:
275:
271:
264:
238:
234:
172:
61:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2420:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2370:
2357:
2344:
2329:
2313:
2311:
2301:
2300:
2288:
2287:External links
2285:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2267:The Two Towers
2257:
2242:
2223:
2214:
2201:(5): 910â930.
2177:
2138:
2131:
2109:
2094:
2087:
2067:
2060:
2034:
2017:
2010:
1992:
1985:
1967:
1953:
1939:
1921:
1908:
1887:
1866:
1859:
1841:
1828:
1822:978-1408179505
1821:
1803:
1782:
1765:
1750:
1721:
1700:
1682:
1669:
1643:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1583:Chamaemespilus
1575:
1563:
1551:
1539:
1527:
1519:
1516:
1499:The Two Towers
1480:
1470:
1467:
1419:
1416:
1399:
1396:
1319:
1316:
1278:SkĂĄldskaparmĂĄl
1263:, the goddess
1240:, the goddess
1238:Sami mythology
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1187:European rowan
1120:
1119:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1011:Sorbus reducta
833:
832:
791:
789:
782:
776:
773:
666:, i.e. rowan (
516:North Germanic
494:Fraxinus ornus
436:
435:
394:
392:
385:
379:
376:
309:mountain-ashes
225:
224:
223:
222:
213:
202:
201:
195:
194:
193:
192:
184:
183:
179:
178:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
118:
117:
112:
105:
104:
99:
92:
91:
86:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
50:
49:
41:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2419:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2278:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2253:
2246:
2238:
2235:(in German).
2234:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2128:
2124:
2123:New Alresford
2120:
2113:
2105:
2098:
2090:
2088:9781602066687
2084:
2080:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2061:0-333-43430-7
2057:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2046:Frazer, James
2041:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2011:0-246-11789-3
2007:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1963:
1957:
1949:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1897:
1891:
1876:
1870:
1862:
1860:1-55263-306-3
1856:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1832:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1799:0-8020-6819-7
1796:
1792:
1786:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:Volume 36 of
1731:
1725:
1710:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1665:0-00-220013-9
1662:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1632:
1626:
1622:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1478:
1476:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1429:
1424:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1383:Denham Tracts
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1351:West Midlands
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:Victorian era
1331:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:The fruit of
1180:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1116:
1113:
1105:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1079:This section
1077:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1043:in the west.
1042:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1034:Sorbus decora
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1001:
1000:
992:Rowan flowers
990:
986:
984:
980:
979:Arctic Norway
976:
972:
968:
959:
955:
953:
949:
945:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
869:
865:
861:
857:
854:
846:
845:
839:
829:
826:
818:
808:
804:
798:
797:
792:This section
790:
786:
781:
780:
772:
770:
769:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
719:Vogelbeerbaum
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
695:
693:
689:
684:
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
656:
651:
650:
645:
644:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:
542:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:
502:
500:
496:
495:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
432:
429:
421:
411:
407:
401:
400:
395:This section
393:
389:
384:
383:
375:
373:
369:
368:
363:
362:
357:
352:
350:
346:
345:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:
310:
306:
305:
296:
269:
268:
259:
232:
218:
214:
209:
206:
205:
203:
200:
196:
191:
188:
187:
185:
180:
176:
171:
170:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
89:Tracheophytes
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
51:
47:
42:
37:
34:
30:
26:
22:
2304:
2266:
2260:
2251:
2245:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2217:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2180:
2158:(1): 25â30.
2155:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2118:
2112:
2103:
2097:
2077:
2070:
2050:
2027:
2020:
2001:
1995:
1976:
1970:
1956:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1916:
1911:
1900:. Retrieved
1890:
1879:. Retrieved
1869:
1850:
1844:
1836:
1831:
1812:
1806:
1790:
1785:
1773:
1768:
1758:
1753:
1745:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1713:. Retrieved
1703:
1694:
1685:
1677:
1672:
1656:
1635:. Retrieved
1625:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1582:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1497:
1492:
1481:
1472:
1464:
1457:
1443:
1439:
1435:Newfoundland
1432:
1418:Weather-lore
1411:
1407:
1404:Neo-Druidism
1401:
1381:
1359:
1332:
1323:
1321:
1286:Fianna Cycle
1283:
1276:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1235:
1214:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1159:
1142:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1108:
1102:January 2021
1099:
1088:Please help
1083:verification
1080:
1045:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1009:
1003:
997:
995:
966:
964:
951:
941:
929:simple fruit
880:
876:
866:
850:
842:
821:
815:January 2021
812:
801:Please help
796:verification
793:
766:
758:
754:
750:
749:, Old Norse
746:
742:
734:
730:
722:
718:
714:
696:
674:
672:
667:
663:
659:
653:
647:
643:BrĂatharogam
641:
637:
633:
627:
618:
614:
608:
599:
591:
585:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
539:
531:
527:
523:
519:
505:
503:
498:
492:
484:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
453:
449:
441:
439:
424:
418:January 2021
415:
404:Please help
399:verification
396:
365:
359:
355:
353:
348:
342:
338:
312:
308:
230:
228:
217:Sorbotoraria
216:
207:
168:
121:
108:
95:
82:
33:
2333:Wikispecies
1742:John Gerard
1736:, (Brill),
1609:Boggle boes
1428:Pihlajavesi
1374:black magic
1347:Wyre Forest
1217:sorbic acid
1203:diodgriafel
983:naturalised
971:Scandinavia
948:Lepidoptera
903:is a small
707:Nova Scotia
604:witch-hazel
588:Old English
471:from Latin
463:); English
461:*sor-/*ser-
446:Old English
367:Sorbus aria
361:Aria edulis
329:, southern
102:Angiosperms
2396:Categories
2276:0345339711
1902:2018-07-12
1881:2018-07-12
1715:2018-07-12
1659:. Collins
1637:2020-08-26
1618:References
1571:Torminalis
1547:Micromeles
1343:Edwin Lees
1339:apotropaic
1328:his mother
1318:Folk magic
1246:Horagalles
1149:mordanting
1056:whitebeams
925:true berry
668:caertheand
634:cairtheand
530:, Swedish
220:Mezhenskyj
154:Subtribe:
2324:Q12646464
1760:Hamamelis
1734:Mnemosyne
1496:'s novel
1232:Mythology
1210:cultivars
1199:jeĹabinka
1168:heartwood
1134:cultivars
1046:Numerous
1014:is a low
871:, family
853:deciduous
723:Eberesche
638:caorthann
630:Old Irish
592:cwic-beĂĄm
526:, Danish
335:apomictic
208:Aucuparia
72:Kingdom:
2379:50214608
2374:Tropicos
2318:Wikidata
2172:43792838
2048:(1987).
1932:(1964).
1776:(1882),
1524:Rowntree
1518:See also
1512:Rosaceae
1454:waxwings
1370:epiphyte
1307:Diarmuid
1164:Engeløya
1052:apomixis
946:of some
917:thrushes
913:waxwings
881:Fraxinus
873:Oleaceae
868:Fraxinus
727:ash tree
632:name is
615:cerdinen
536:Germanic
327:Himalaya
319:Rosaceae
199:Synonyms
182:Species
148:Rosaceae
144:Family:
115:Eudicots
2305:Sorbus
1508:Fangorn
1408:ingress
1388:fairies
1302:Grainne
1300:, whom
1284:In the
1145:tannins
1048:hybrids
897:corymbs
893:flowers
889:pinnate
747:orphnos
739:Gaulish
697:In the
675:caorann
660:li sula
646:in the
619:criafol
481:pinnate
372:endemic
164:Genus:
158:Malinae
138:Rosales
134:Order:
76:Plantae
2402:Sorbus
2353:318004
2309:Sorbus
2273:
2170:
2129:
2085:
2058:
2008:
1983:
1857:
1819:
1797:
1663:
1559:Cormus
1412:egress
1312:Aengus
1273:Ravdna
1254:reynir
1250:Ravdna
1242:Ravdna
1208:Rowan
1138:Sorbus
1023:Sorbus
952:Sorbus
944:larvae
935:is an
885:leaves
877:Sorbus
860:shrubs
775:Botany
759:eburo-
755:sorbus
743:eburo-
741:name,
711:German
579:, and
549:sorbus
520:reynir
473:sorbum
454:sorbus
442:sorbus
364:(syn.
349:Sorbus
314:Sorbus
231:rowans
169:Sorbus
128:Rosids
39:Rowan
2366:27777
2307:subg.
2168:S2CID
2150:L.".
1746:ornus
1738:p. 41
1580:enus
1568:enus
1556:enus
1544:enus
1532:enus
1450:Sipoo
1446:Malax
1366:maple
1364:or a
1016:shrub
927:is a
921:seeds
909:birds
901:fruit
864:genus
856:trees
751:iarpr
731:Esche
662:) is
611:Welsh
596:witch
577:round
573:royne
569:royan
565:rodan
553:rowan
544:-inan
541:*raud
538:verb
512:Scots
469:sorbe
450:syrfe
378:Names
339:rowan
331:Tibet
307:) or
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
83:Clade
2361:GRIN
2271:ISBN
2127:ISBN
2083:ISBN
2056:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1981:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1817:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1778:443f
1661:ISBN
1535:Aria
1269:Thor
1147:for
1062:Uses
933:pome
915:and
905:pome
735:Eber
705:and
690:and
664:luis
655:luis
628:The
617:and
600:wick
586:The
581:rune
561:roan
532:rĂśnn
524:rogn
465:sorb
304:-Énz
267:-Énz
229:The
2348:FNA
2203:doi
2160:doi
1504:Ent
1444:In
1433:In
1402:In
1362:oak
1288:of
1265:Sif
1259:In
1256:).
1236:In
1092:by
805:by
763:yew
701:of
557:ran
528:røn
489:ash
458:PIE
448:as
408:by
302:ROH
270:or
265:ROW
2398::
2376::
2363::
2350::
2335::
2320::
2199:88
2197:.
2193:.
2166:.
2156:45
2154:.
2037:^
1693:.
1646:^
1514:.
1353:.
1330:.
1292:,
1205:.
954:.
939:.
771:.
757:,
713:,
613:,
583:.
575:,
571:,
567:,
563:,
559:,
351:.
283:oĘ
246:aĘ
215:Ă
175:L.
124::
111::
98::
85::
2279:.
2237:I
2211:.
2205::
2191:"
2187:"
2174:.
2162::
2135:.
2064:.
2014:.
1989:.
1905:.
1884:.
1863:.
1825:.
1801:.
1780:.
1763:.
1718:.
1697:.
1667:.
1640:.
1578:G
1566:G
1554:G
1542:G
1530:G
1456:(
1189:(
1115:)
1109:(
1104:)
1100:(
1086:.
828:)
822:(
817:)
813:(
799:.
729:(
677:(
431:)
425:(
420:)
416:(
402:.
295:/
292:z
289:n
286:É
280:r
277:Ë
274:/
258:/
255:z
252:n
249:É
243:r
240:Ë
237:/
233:(
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
