Romani society and culture

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involving non-Romani applicants each year and that statistics showed that 90% of planning applications by Roma and travellers were initially refused by local councils, compared with a national average of 20% for other applicants, potentially disproving claims of preferential treatment favouring Roma. They also argued that the root of the problem was that many traditional stopping-places had been barricaded off and that legislation passed by the previous Conservative government had effectively criminalised their communities by removing local authorities' responsibility to provide sites, thus leaving the travellers with no option but to purchase unregistered new sites themselves.

739:, borrowing loanwords from languages they encountered as they migrated from India. In Europe, even though their culture has been victimized by other cultures, they have still found a way to maintain their heritage and society. Indian elements in Romani culture are limited, with the exception of the language. Romani culture focuses heavily on family. The Roma traditionally live according to relatively strict moral codes. The ethnic culture of the Romani people who live in central, eastern and southeastern European countries developed through a long, complex process of continuous active interaction with the culture of their surrounding European population. 1512: 1834: 155: 1357: 2387: 2069: 6339: 1547:, or Kali Sara, has been revered as a patron saint in the same manner as the Blessed Ceferino Giménez Malla, but a transition occurred in the 21st century, whereby Kali Sara is understood as an Indian deity brought by the refugee ancestors of the Romani people, thereby removing any Christian association. Saint Sarah is progressively being considered as "a Romani goddess, the Protectress of the Roma" and an "indisputable link with Mother India". The Roma 38: 2297: 665: 891: 757:. Many report in extracts from popular literature that Romani emerged from the North-west regions of India, rather than from Central India. Features of phonological developments which emerged during the early transition stage from Old to Middle Indic prove that the history of Romani began in Central India. The 2378:, explained in 1915, that this Turkish Roma in Bulgaria can't speak Romani language, and compare them with very poor Turks rather than Romani people. The French orientalist Henri Bourgeois referred too the Turkish Roma as Pseudo Chingiane, especially the newspaper Laço who was published in 1910 by Emin Resa. 2356:

sites have led to travellers purchasing land and setting up residential settlements almost overnight, thus subverting the planning restrictions imposed on other members of the community. Travellers argued in response that thousands of retrospective planning permissions are granted in Britain in cases

2179:

Romanian Roma uses parsley leaves to heal bruises. Roma suffering from illness often seek treatment from a Romani doctor, an elderly Roma who uses traditional medicines such as herbs. Roma may refuse to seek medical help from non-Roma and use healers, magic, prayer or herbal remedies for illnesses. A

1708:

Ukraine and Russia contain Romani Muslim populations, as the families of Balkan migrants continue to live there. The descendants' ancestors settled on the Crimean peninsula during the 17th and 18th centuries, but most descendants migrated to Ukraine, southern Russia and the Povolzhie (along the Volga

1411:

means that all things belong in the universe according to their natural place. If something does not fit into its natural place, it is considered to be out of balance, and therefore bad luck. For example, birds are supposed to fly, so flightless birds like hens are considered to be out of balance and

1575:

Roma often adopt the dominant religion of their host country if a ceremony associated with a formal religious institution is necessary, such as a baptism or funeral (their particular belief systems and indigenous religion and worship remain preserved regardless of such adoption processes). Some Roma

1772:

movements. For the first time, Roma became ministers and created their own, autonomous churches and missionary organizations. In some countries, the majority of Roma belong to Romani churches. This unexpected change has greatly contributed to a better image of Roma in society. The work they perform

1008:

The blood revenge, blood feud or vendetta is an old form of private vengeance, which is usually intended to restore Romani family honor by killing an opponent. It only occurs after serious damage to honor, such as the killing itself, which no other damage compensation within the feud can do justice

1849:

who perform at traditional Romanian weddings are virtually all Roma, although their music draws heavily from a vast variety of ethnic traditions—for example Romanian, Turkish, Jewish, and Slavic—as well as Romani traditions. Probably the most internationally prominent contemporary performer in the

1053:

Christian Romani people incorporate their values into how they raise their children. There is an element of impurity placed upon both the mother and father after the mother gives birth. This impurity is lessened if the child is a male and the family is considered "lucky". Traditionally, the couple

2425:

In the Czech Republic, 75% of Romani children are educated in schools for people with learning difficulties and 70% are unemployed, compared with a national rate of 9%. In Hungary, 44% of Romani children are in special schools, while 74% of men and 83% of women are unemployed. In Slovakia, Romani

1906:

is a form of dance invented by The Domari of Egypt or Ghawazi, however it was originally seen as "ghetto" and "low class" until the native Egyptians and the Europeans saw and emulated it. Nowadays there are very few original Ghawazi dancers due to the exile and expulsions and discrimination which

1841:

As the Roma traveled to other countries from India to Europe, the Roma introduced many influences in their music, beginning with their Indian roots and adding elements of Greek, Persian, Turkish, Romanian, Czech and Slavic influence, as well as Western European such as German, French and Spanish

906:

is highly desirable. It is custom for the parents of the groom to pay the family of the bride. Parents of the potential bridal couple help identify an ideal partner for their child. Parents may pressure a particular spouse on their child, because it is an established norm to be married by your

2414:). Only a small fraction of Romani children graduate from secondary schools, though numerous official efforts have been made, past and present, to compel their attendance. Roma frequently feel rejected by the state and the main population, creating another obstacle to their integration. The 1343:

by being generous and displaying your success to the public. The focus on generosity means sharing food is of great importance to some groups of Roma. Making lavish meals to share with other Romani visitors is commonplace and in some cases not having food to share is considered shameful.

2363:

In Denmark, there was much controversy when the city of Helsingør decided to put all Romani students in special classes in its public schools. The classes were later abandoned after it was determined that they were discriminatory and the Romani students were put back in regular classes.

1658:

Bulgaria: In northwestern Bulgaria and Sofia and Kyustendil, Islam has been the dominant religion. In southwestern Bulgaria (Pirin Macedonia), Islam is the dominant religion, with a smaller section of the population, declaring themselves as "Turks", continuing to mix ethnicity with

1352:

The vast majority of Roma are Christians. They are Catholic Manouche, Mercheros, and Sinti; Muslim Ashkali and Romanlar; Pentecostal Kalderash and Lovari; Protestant Travellers; Anglican Roma; and Baptist Roma. The Roma's religious beliefs are occupied by God and Virgin Mary.

1175:

have been attributed to the suspension of these social norms, as strict rules relating to food and contact with certain classes of people broke down. This period also coincided with a perceived loss of authority invested in traditional leaders, the primary maintainers of

907:

mid-twenties. School, church, Mosques, circumcision ceremonies, fiancée and weddings, and other events are also popular environments for finding a prospective spouse. Potential couples are expected to be supervised or chaperoned by an adult. With the emergence of both

1196:. However, the Roma who lived in other countries of eastern Europe, in the face of widespread discrimination and society's attempts at forced assimilation, often had to compromise their strict interpretation of the customs to survive. As a result, the whole concept of 5504:

Human Rights Abuses of the Roma (Gypsies): Hearing Before the Subcommittee on International Security, International Organizations, and Human Rights of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session, April 14,

4495: 1632:), based a Hadith from Sahih al-Bukhari 6524: The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam) said: "You will be raised on the Day of Judgement barefooted, naked, and uncircumcized (with foreskin)." Burying the foreskin is also a tradition among Malaysian Muslims. 4922: 2245:

Romani people have their own ethnic hero. Among the Vlach Roma, it is Mundro Salamon or Wise Solomon. Other Romani groups call this hero O Godjiaver Yanko. Among the Welsh Kale, he is Merlinos (the Wizard), taken from Celtic folklore.

1744:, but this is a small minority that has emerged in contemporary times. In Egypt, the Roma are split into Christian and Muslim populations. For countless years, dance has been considered a religious procedure for the Egyptian Roma. In 1250:

Though Romani ethnic groups have different sets of rules, Oral Romani cultures are most likely to adhere to the Romani code, these communities are geographically spread. There are proverbs about the Romani Code and customs, such as:

930:

has generated substantial controversy across the world. In 2003, one of the many self-styled Romani "kings", Ilie Tortică, prohibited marriage before the parties were of legal age in their country of residence. A Romani patriarch,

1054:

will live with the father of the groom until their first child is born. Romani people place high value on extended family so godparents, along with this other family, are active in the child's life to ensure its well-being.

1580:", a practice with origins in India, whereby a female consort is required for the worship of a god. Adherence to this practice means that for the Romani who worship a Christian God, prayer is conducted through the 838:

are today found across the world. Typically, Roma adopt given names that are common in the country of their residence. Seldom do modern Roma use the traditional name from their own language, such as

3282: 1591:

Romani elders serve as spiritual leaders; there are no specific Christian Roma priests, churches, or Christian Roma scriptures, the exception being the Pentecostal Roma, most in Western society.

3701:

Weyrauch, Walter Otto (2001), Gypsy Law: Romani Legal Traditions and Culture, University of California Press, p. 210, ISBN 978-0-520-22186-4, Rom have preserved and modified Indian caste system

1062:

The culture and tradition of Dasikane (Christian) Roma and Horahane (Muslim) Roma is very different. There is no single roma culture or tradition; it differs by country, subgroup and religion.

6304: 2106:

is forbidden by Christian Roma. Any Christian Roma who eats horse meat, are punished and banished from their tribe. Cat meat and dog meat are also forbidden and are considered unclean.

976:

or a means for a girl to marry a boy she wants but that her parents do not want. The tradition's normalisation of kidnapping puts young women at higher risk of becoming victims of

1471:

Other gods we dont know much about: Son of Kali and Siv, Laki, Baramy, Maruti son of Vaju, Jandra a sun god, a male love god, god of water, god of forest, god of sky, god of death

1210:

A considerable punishment for a Christian Rom is banishment from Romani society. An expelled person is considered to be "contaminated" and is shunned by other Christian Romanis.

948:

is believed to be a traditional part of Romani practice. Girls as young as twelve years old may be kidnapped for marriage to teenage boys. This practice has been reported in

1000:

their children for optimal health and increased immunity. They also view this as a gift from God, and a help to building healthy relationships between mothers and children.

5973: 6299: 983:

The practices of bride kidnapping and child marriage are not universally accepted throughout Romani culture. Some Romani women and men seek to eliminate such customs.

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followed plenty other gods and practiced many variation of this faith system, there isn't one name for a god or one rule as each group had a unique variation.

3540:

Yılgür, Egemen (2021). "Turcoman Gypsies in the Balkans: Just a Preferred Identity or More?". In Ki︠u︡chukov, Khristo; Zahova, Sofiya; Dumunica, Ian (eds.).

848:

that has been spoken exclusively around Europe since the Middle Ages. Speakers use many terms for their language. They generally refer to their language as

4615: 801:

words. Linguists use these phonological similarities as well as features of phonological developments which emerged during the early transition stage from

2209:

In most traditional Romani communities, Romani women tend to wear gold bracelets and gold necklaces and headscarves that are decorated with golden coins.

3083: 1023:

Clothes for the lower body, as well as the clothes of menstruating women, are washed separately. Items used for eating are washed in a different place.

902:

Marriage in Romani society underscores the importance of family and demonstrates ties between different groups, often transnationally. Traditionally an

707: 5707: 6191: 5958: 919:, and the advancing education of women, many traditional mores and conservative views have become less rigid. In some Romani groups, for example the 4496:"8 April, International Roma Day: "Step up human rights protection for Roma and guarantee their access to vital services during COVID-19 pandemic"" 1483:

Disclaimer: The only information we have is linguistic evidence and what remains in the folk tales and memories of elder Roma. After centuries of

935:, ran afoul of Romanian authorities in late 2003 when he married off his youngest daughter, Ana-Maria, at the age of twelve, well below the legal 3790: 2703: 5936: 1437:

Some also worshipped the spirits of their ancestors, while the Christian Roma were completely opposed to anything that messes with the dead.

723:

are a distinct ethnic and cultural group of peoples living all across the globe, who share a family of languages and sometimes a traditional

640: 5216: 2316:

and residents often reject Romani encampments. This has led to Roma being described as "perhaps the most hated minority in Europe." In the

5710:—explores Romani culture in the Balkans and beyond, including digitised texts, photographs, paintings and recordings of traditional songs. 5291: 5628: 5314: 102: 55: 1269:

Rules of Romani Code describe relationships inside the Romani community and set limits for customs, behavior and other aspects of life.

5777: 4112: 3763: 3147:"Child Marriage a Cultural Problem, Educational Access a Race Issue? Deconstructing Uni-Dimensional Understanding of Romani Oppression" 1966:. Many Romani people can speak two or more languages. It is not considered an official language because it varies from tribe to tribe. 866:, 'in a Rom way'. The English term, Romani, has been used by scholars since the 19th century, where previously they had used the term ' 74: 1806:

Romani dances are influenced by Indian dances. A Romani dance that originated from India is the snake dance. Romani women perform the

6289: 4165: 2192:

Art among Romani people is important. It is associated with mobility, travelling, trading, creating transportable objects and music.

1202:

became interpreted differently among various Roma groups. Muslim Roma, as one example, considered an uncircumcised man to be impure.

1563:. The day of the pilgrimage honouring Sarah is May 24; her statue is carried down to the sea on this day to re-enact her arrival in 1434:

and other spiritual laws. The better of person you are and the more balanced your Dji is, the better life you'll reincarnate into.

6181: 5963: 5785: 4085: 2609:

Wiley, Eric (June 2005). "Romani Performance and Heritage Tourism: The Pilgrimage of the Gypsies at Les Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer".

81: 6221: 5827: 1692:

and southern Serbia, including the disputed territory of Kosovo, have been particularly active in Islamic mystical brotherhoods (

694: 417: 5502: 5139: 1190:

and often persecuted, were generally left alone to follow their orthodox practices and thus preserved strict interpretations of

5083: 4949: 2756: 4313: 5581: 5324: 5316:

The Official Horse Breeds Standards Guide: The Complete Guide to the Standards of All North American Equine Breed Association

5122: 5067: 5040: 5013: 4986: 4959: 4932: 4482: 4408: 3998: 3633: 3549: 3478: 3444: 2563: 2406:

of Roma into society remains limited. In these countries, they usually remain on the margins of society, living in isolated,

626: 2367:

Romani people have traditionally avoided gadje because non-Romani are believed to be polluting and defile the Romani world.

1026:

Childbirth is considered "impure" and must occur outside the dwelling place; the mother is considered "impure" for 40 days.

88: 5202: 3208:"'You likes your way, we got our own way': Gypsies and Travellers' views on infant feeding and health professional support" 2329: 1644:

or nominal Muslims. For the Muslim Romani communities that have resided in the Balkans for centuries, often referred to as

1484: 2426:

children are 28 times more likely to be sent to a special school than non-Roma, whilst Romani unemployment stands at 80%.

5751: 2345: 2231:

Romani culture is steeped in superstition. Many Roma hold on to belief in charms, amulets, curses, bad luck, and ghosts.

668: 630: 622: 447: 6324: 5921: 4392: 4344: 3581: 3256: 3091: 2438: 1896:

is still widely practised among the original creators (the Romani People); one who acknowledged this artistic debt was

477: 70: 5163: 3620: 2370:

The Greek Doctor A. G. Paspati made the statement in his Book from 1860, that Turks married often Roma Woman, and the

1503:

an Orthodox Christian Roma is named Dasikane or Daskane or Das, the meaning is sometimes given as a slave or servant.

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in either April or May. Romani adults may also fast on these holidays and may eat special foods for these holidays.

1427:, the bad happenings are not caused by sins of a previous life, rather by bad Dji and unclean spirits, the Necuxa. 6261: 6236: 5871: 3820: 547: 537: 326: 164: 5653: 4896: 2934: 2886: 3901: 1164:

has been the subject of interest to numerous academic observers. It has been hypothesized that it owes more to a

452: 2442: 1399:) and additionally folk tales and songs about hindu-esque deities. A Hindu foundation means that the concept of 731:

is the most probable point of origin. Their language shares a common origin with, and is similar to, modern-day

6103: 6009: 5529:

Paspati, A. G.; Hamlin, C. (1860). "Memoir on the Language of the Gypsies, as Now Used in the Turkish Empire".

5416: 4640: 4126: 2360:

Law enforcement agencies in the United States hold regular conferences on the Roma and similar nomadic groups.

2308:

There are still tensions between Roma and the majority population around them. Common complaints are that Roma

59: 3468: 3434: 2809: 154: 5931: 5793: 3383:

Smith, Tracy (1997). "Recognising Difference: The Romani 'Gypsy' Child Socialisation and Education Process".

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is popular among the Roma. Berries, vegetables, mushrooms, hedgehog, game and fowl are favored by the Roma.

1440:

Roma believed in a god who is one with the universe and manifests themselves in the forms of many deities:

6319: 6246: 6130: 5858: 5756: 2030: 1953: 1213: 762: 748: 602: 532: 194: 3798: 6314: 6186: 5968: 5820: 5480: 3150: 1651: 1622: 1412:

bad luck. For this reason, Christian Roma traditionally do not eat hens' eggs. With the exception of the

687: 527: 95: 6216: 5866: 5848: 5242: 4601: 4118: 3571: 2001: 1530: 651: 517: 397: 392: 229: 214: 4026:"Adapting Mystic Identity to Italian Mainstream Islam: The Case of a Muslim Rom Community in Florence" 2781:

Achim, Viorel (23 January 2013). "Chapter I. The arrival of the gypsies on the territory of romania".

1713:

is the religion that these communities align themselves with, and the people are recognized for their

6046: 5411: 5243:"Fortune Telling as Part of the Roma Culture — Правозахисний фонд "Розвиток" | www.rozvitok.org" 2465: 2390:

Romani boy in bear costume, part of entertainer team for working Christmas crowds. Budapest, Hungary.

1733: 1430:

The concept of Dji, which is your spiritual energy of which you must be kept in balance by following

991: 587: 582: 562: 432: 427: 17: 1810:

dance with a cobra to awaken their reptilian powers, mantras and to curse menacing victims forever.

1522: 6309: 6279: 6226: 6125: 6120: 5948: 4692: 2475: 2453: 2079: 1981: 1975: 1867: 1773:

is seen as more legitimate, and they have begun to obtain legal permits for commercial activities.

1603: 1552: 1516: 1365: 646: 612: 567: 542: 497: 492: 482: 467: 462: 457: 437: 412: 407: 402: 387: 4264: 6370: 6365: 4187: 3039: 2551: 2337: 1930:. Performance practices by Romani musicians have influenced European classical composers such as 1817: 1785: 1725: 1674:

Serbia: in the disputed territory of Kosovo the vast majority of the Romani population is Muslim.

607: 597: 577: 572: 557: 552: 522: 512: 507: 487: 472: 442: 422: 48: 5735: 5813: 5057: 5030: 4577:

Etiquette and Taboos Around the World: A Geographic Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Customs

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Acton, Thomas A.; Barbour, S.; Mundy, G. (1997). "Mediterranean Religions and Romani People".

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The role of the Romanies: images and counter-images of 'Gypsies'/Romanies in European cultures

2729: 2456:

initiative in 2005 to improve the socioeconomic conditions and status of the Romani minority.

6256: 5999: 5449: 5177: 5003: 4843: 4802: 4775: 4521: 4279: 4213: 3846: 2553: 2526: 2506: 2434: 2341: 1756:

have maintained their European religions, with most following Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

1749: 1511: 219: 5601: 4458: 4132: 2899: 2676: 6108: 5896: 2375: 2285: 1963: 736: 3501: 1792:

has spread among European Roma, particularly in Hungary, although it is still a minority.

753:

Linguistic and phonological research has traced the Roma people's origin to places in the

8: 6231: 6165: 6150: 6135: 6004: 5953: 2728:

Cunneen, Chris; Deckert, Antje; Porter, Amanda; Tauri, Juan; Webb, Robert (3 July 2023).

2349: 2005: 1278: 1232: 1224:

are not part of the Romani society due to the lack of Romanipen and the Romani language.

1120: 845: 754: 3946:""Ucundan Azıcık"la Atılan Sağlam Temel: Türkiye'de Sünnet Ritüeli ve Erkeklik İlişkisi" 3043: 346: 6284: 6196: 5926: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5546: 5379: 4214:"Gypsies embracing Buddhism:A step forward for Building a Harmonious Society in Europe" 3400: 3365: 3232: 3207: 3188: 2634: 2626: 2470: 2403: 1855: 1781: 1286:

The code can be summarised in pillars; the main pillar representing the polar ideas of

1165: 6241: 3711: 3005: 2912: 2452:

Seven former Communist Central European and Southeastern European states launched the

1684:, a large number of Muslim Roma relocated to Croatia (the majority moved from Kosovo). 727:

mode of life. Though their exact origins were unclear, recent studies show Kashmir in

224: 6201: 6098: 5577: 5509: 5320: 5270: 5222: 5183: 5118: 5063: 5036: 5009: 4982: 4955: 4928: 4876: 4849: 4808: 4781: 4754: 4727: 4672: 4581: 4554: 4527: 4436: 4388: 4340: 4285: 4244: 4122: 4091: 3924: 3577: 3545: 3474: 3440: 3369: 3237: 3192: 3087: 2974: 2940: 2788: 2735: 2682: 2653: 2559: 2399: 2348:

into UK primary legislation, is seen by some to permit the granting of retrospective

2218: 1721: 1420: 977: 903: 798: 782: 732: 306: 4361:

Rethinking (In)Security in the European Union: The Migration-Identity-Security Nexus

2638: 1833: 6039: 5723: 5569: 5538: 4037: 3889: 3392: 3357: 3227: 3219: 3180: 2618: 2591: 2325: 1897: 1681: 1641: 1488: 1172: 942: 936: 786: 774: 636: 4723:

Political Parties of Eastern Europe: A Guide to Politics in the Post-communist Era

1700:

immigrants to Western Europe and America have brought these traditions with them.

932: 6343: 6083: 6034: 6014: 5994: 5384: 5352: 3872: 3184: 3010: 3001: 2486: 2419: 2371: 2353: 2265: 2240: 2121: 2110: 2057: 2009: 1959: 1947: 1935: 1689: 1538: 1356: 1034: 879: 867: 758: 379: 261: 199: 189: 138: 4924:

Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: [4 volumes]

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THE RITE OF MALE CIRCUMCISION AMONG THE MUSLIM POPULATION IN THE WESTERN BALKANS

3075:

Building the Capacity of Roma Communities to Prevent Trafficking in Human Beings

3073: 2678:

Roma-Gypsy Presence in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 15th – 18th Centuries

2268:) is still sometimes present, and some romantics attribute the invention of the 1859: 1588:. Shaktism continues over 1,000 years after the people's separation from India. 822:, who took musicians from India to Iran at A.D. 420–438, then wandered over the 6271: 6093: 6061: 5573: 3420:

Inward Looking: The Impact of Migration on Romanipe from the Romani Perspective

2555:

Flamenco on the Global Stage: Historical, Critical and Theoretical Perspectives

2501: 2496: 2374:

dialect is nearly lost by the Muslim Turkish Roma, who speak entirely Turkish.

2333: 2317: 2313: 2280:

The Roma traditionally travelled with wagons pulled by horses and donkeys. The

2095: 1769: 1741: 1606: 1599: 1595: 1272:

The Romani Code is not written; Romani people keep it alive in oral tradition.

1038: 957: 927: 794: 766: 169: 5727: 3604: 3361: 3330: 2552:

K. Meira Goldberg; Ninotchka Devorah Bennahum; Michelle Heffner Hayes (2015).

2386: 1247:. It is a set of rules for Romani life. It differs from Groups and Religions. 6359: 6211: 6051: 5901: 5836: 4432: 4042: 4025: 3396: 2622: 2068: 2053: 2042: 1903: 1877: 1789: 1753: 1646: 1500: 1477: 1424: 1116: 916: 835: 720: 366: 351: 256: 146: 5943: 5347: 3542:

Romani History and Culture: Festschrift in Honor of Prof. Dr. Vesselin Popov

3118: 2595: 2206:

Turkish Roma wear Ottoman pants whereas as Christian Roma wear long skirts.

2139:

is a Romani favorite. Other Romani dishes are fried bread dishes, including

1598:, a large proportion of British Roma (40% by some estimates) are members of 6251: 6206: 6115: 6088: 6078: 6056: 5740: 5629:"The Building Blocks of the Romani Women's Movement in Europe - RomArchive" 5606: 5056:

Taylor, B.; Kaplan, J.; Hobgood-Oster, L.; Ivakhiv, A.J.; York, M. (2005).

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Ozkan, Ali Rafet (1 January 2006). "Marriage among the Gypsies of Turkey".

3048: 2491: 2430: 2395: 2255: 2201: 1915: 1828: 1801: 1765: 1534: 1526: 1221: 1217: 1183: 920: 908: 809: 616: 301: 276: 209: 204: 184: 179: 3433:

Saul, Nicholas; Tebbut, Susan (2005). Nicholas Saul, Susan Tebbutt (ed.).

1962:

is spoken by millions of Romani people throughout the world. It is of the

1714: 1419:

Roma also believed in the concept of Kintala which is almost identical to

1283:

is a traditional institution for upholding and enforcing the Romani Code.

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Another Darkness, Another Dawn: A History of Gypsies, Roma and Travellers

3737: 3146: 3120:

Roma/Gypsy population in Bulgaria as a challenge for the policy relevance

2782: 2415: 2281: 2136: 2117: 1931: 1889: 1813: 1697: 1618: 1581: 1560: 1544: 1413: 1030: 987: 973: 961: 331: 246: 2861: 6294: 6071: 6066: 5978: 5421: 3404: 2630: 2352:

for Romani communities. Severe population pressures and the paucity of

2103: 1980:

Each June, Gypsy Roma Traveller History Month is celebrated in London.

1893: 1737: 1585: 1548: 1361: 1262: 997: 341: 336: 5550: 5218:

Creative Ethnicity: Symbols and Strategies of Contemporary Ethnic Life

4070: 3223: 1846: 316: 5786:

Romowie - bliscy i dalecy. A short definition of romanipe in the text

3873:"How Gypsies Have Moved from Fortune-Telling to Fervent Christianity" 2787:. CEUP collection. Central European University Press. pp. 7–26. 2704:"Meet the Roma: 2,000 years ago, the first 'Indians' to go to Europe" 2301: 2020: 1880:; the distinctive sound of Romani music has also strongly influenced 1556: 823: 802: 291: 271: 3945: 3681:"Roman Mutfağını Tanıyor muyuz?-3 (ÇİNGENE YUMURTASI) - Romani Godi" 3123:. European Population Conference Liverpool, 20–24 June 2006. Sofia: 2411: 1866:, although not Roma themselves, draw heavily on Romani music, as do 37: 6155: 5911: 5797: 5542: 5389: 5357: 3979: 3015: 2480: 2296: 2168: 1989: 1873: 1677:

Bosnia, Montenegro and Herzegovina: Islam is the dominant religion.

1625: 1577: 1396: 1378: 1368:, Southern France, is a devotion associated with Catholic Romanies. 1324: 1297: 1149: 969: 965: 923:, the idea of a legally registered marriage is ignored altogether. 912: 819: 805: 321: 5761: 3308:"Roma Culture: An Introduction | Language Contact Manchester" 4265:"Gypsy Belly Dance Costumes & Accessories | Belly Dance" 2261: 2132: 1997: 1993: 1927: 1919: 1863: 1392: 1133: 953: 949: 946:(not to be confused with the Romanian bride kidnapping tradition) 812: 728: 712: 592: 296: 281: 6305:

Leeds University Library's Gypsy, Traveller and Roma Collections

5805: 5699: 5055: 4385:

The new Partridge dictionary of slang and unconventional English

1628:). They believe the foreskin will come back to men in Paradise ( 1444:

Kali Sarah / Bari O Devli – goddess of roma, fate, reincarnation

1405:, a universal balance, is central to the people's spirituality. 1119:

philosophy encompassing totality of the Romani spirit, culture,

6160: 6140: 5906: 5564:

Marushiakova, Elena; Popov, Vesselin (2021). "Ottoman Empire".

5114:

The Adaptive Bilingual Mind: Insights from Endangered Languages

3764:"ABC SEVILLA (Sevilla) - 30/05/1964, p. 59 - ABC.es Hemeroteca" 3470:

Between past and future: the Roma of Central and Eastern Europe

3079: 2814:

Romani Project- Romani Linguistics and Romani Language Projects

2407: 2321: 2024: 2013: 1985: 1923: 1881: 1807: 1745: 1729: 1693: 1629: 1564: 1456:

Bibiyaku / Aunt Bibi – goddess of family, children and the home

1431: 1018: 815:

to conclude that the history of Romani began in Central India.

790: 361: 311: 266: 251: 6145: 3283:"Book Review: Gypsy law: Romani legal traditions and culture" 2936:

Romani Routes: Cultural Politics and Balkan Music in Diaspora

2446: 2309: 2269: 2156: 1710: 1388: 1187: 895: 890: 724: 356: 5974:

Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism

4281:

Gypsies of the White Mountains: History of a Nomadic Culture

3348:

Crowe, David M. (March 2000). "Muslim Roma in the Balkans".

2731:

The Routledge International Handbook on Decolonizing Justice

1381:

religion. This is supported by the Romani word for 'cross',

2754: 2162: 2083: 1885: 770: 6300:

Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma

4188:"Hungary's Gypsy Buddhists & Religious Discrimination" 2052:

There exist four well-known Romani theatres in the world,

1671:

Macedonia: The majority of Romani people believe in Islam.

1570: 1186:

control during the war, while deported to the east of the

5746: 4747:

Crowe, David; Kolsti, John; Hancock, Ian (22 July 2016).

3999:"Care este religia predominantă a țiganilor din România?" 3876: 2727: 2060:, Romanothan and Phralipe, and also many small theatres. 1255:

There exist as many customs as there are Romani groups. (

1168:

than simply an adherence to historically received rules.

5690: 1337:

It is honourable, in some Romani cultures, to celebrate

826:

to Europe. Some believe the Roma are their descendants.

5769: 5292:"Wild About Horses: Our Timeless Passion for the Horse" 2016:

are holidays celebrated in spring by the Turkish Roma.

1918:

is very important in Eastern European cultures such as

1654:, the following histories apply for religious beliefs: 1152:

child, may be considered to be a Rom if the person has

5683:"European Roma Institute for Arts and Culture (ERIAC)" 5175: 4387:(Reprint. ed.). London : Routledge. p. 943. 3044:"Gardaí hunt gang accused of seizing Roma child bride" 1491:, the majority of the Romani religion is lost to time. 4574:

Taylor, Ken; Williams, Victoria R. (5 October 2017).

3565: 3563: 3561: 3417: 2810:"Romani Project - The History of the Romani Language" 2100:

Romani people don’t eat food prepared by a non-Roma.

1621:

that the foreskin must be buried after Sunet Bijav, (

1453:

Amari O Devli – goddess of beauty, love and fertility

1330: 1303: 972:. Bride kidnapping is thought to be a way to avoid a 5682: 4550:

Insight Guides Turkey (Travel Guide with Free eBook)

3902:"School holidays in Malaysia, time for circumcision" 1171:

Significant changes in Romani culture following the

4897:"Inside the Culinary Traditions of the Roma people" 4339:. North Carolina: McFarland Books. pp. 31–37. 3084:

Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights

2545: 2402:have substantial populations of Roma. The level of 2109:Christian Romani tea is similar to Russian tea and 1256: 1182:. Furthermore, the Roma who found themselves under 62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5695:— education on the arts and civil rights movements 4829:Dreams of the Road: Gypsy Life in the West Country 4746: 3558: 3473:. University of Hertfordshire Press. p. 254. 2171:are both eaten and given high status by the Roma. 1717:preservation of the Romani language and identity. 1416:, who eat eggs, even have special recipes for it. 6192:European Civil Rights Prize of the Sinti and Roma 5654:"Greenberg Turns Attention To Plight Of The Roma" 5563: 4848:. University of Hertfordshire Press. p. 80. 4056: 3870: 3280: 2913:"Roma Culture: Customs, Traditions & Beliefs" 1748:, the Romani people are Muslim and the males are 1668:Albania: Albania's Romani people are all Muslims. 1205: 6357: 5477:"Danish Authorities Find Romani Classes Illegal" 4602:"International Romani Language Day | ROMED" 3950:Masculinities: A Journal of Identity and Culture 1377:The ancestors of the Romani people followed the 777:and Rajasthani; it also shares connections with 4974: 4668:Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies) 4616:"The history of the Romen Theatre - RomArchive" 3996: 3206:Condon, Louise J; Salmon, Debra (3 June 2014). 2973:. University of California Press. p. 169. 2223:Romani literature is written by Romani people. 1423:except ones actions in life only influence the 5442: 4807:. University of California Press. p. 38. 4804:Gypsy Law: Romani Legal Traditions and Culture 4573: 2970:Gypsy Law: Romani Legal Traditions and Culture 2586:"European Romanis came from northwest India". 2394:Many countries that were formerly part of the 2304:poster advertising an auction of Romani slaves 2291: 878:Traditionally, Roma place a high value on the 5959:2008–2009 neo-Nazi murders of Roma in Hungary 5937:Deportations of Romani people to Transnistria 5821: 5528: 5028: 3977: 2840:Romani Project - The University of Manchester 2159:made with raisins, cream cheese, and butter. 2155:, a sweet noodle casserole similar to Jewish 2047: 1662:Romania: Muslim Roma Minority at the Dobruja. 885: 688: 4337:Flamenco: Conflicting Histories of the Dance 3871:Strangwayes-Booth, Alex (19 November 2016). 3205: 2928: 2926: 1907:caused many to go out of work and emigrate. 1650:or "Turkish Gypsies", all Muslim Roma got a 1515:Ritual bath during the Romani pilgrimage of 1465:Alakoh – goddess of the moon and sacred laws 1406: 1400: 1382: 1338: 1314: 1308: 1287: 1276: 1242: 1236: 1197: 1191: 1177: 1159: 1153: 1143: 1137: 1127: 1110: 1104: 1098: 1092: 1086: 1080: 1074: 1066: 861: 855: 849: 839: 5714:Leeson, Peter T. (June 2013). "Gypsy law". 5596: 5117:. Cambridge University Press. p. 119. 3439:. Liverpool University Press. p. 218. 3112: 3110: 3034: 3032: 2939:. Oxford University Press. pp. 71–79. 1529:of the Romani people in Roman Catholicism. 5828: 5814: 5757:Roma culture and traditions: the ROMANIPEN 4978:Herbal Medicine and Botanical Medical Fads 4185: 4083: 3788: 3738:"BLESSED CEFERINO GIMENEZ MALLA 1861-1936" 3432: 1862:, one of the most prominent rock bands in 1447:Bar o Devel / Siv – god of power and music 818:Another legend described the Persian king 695: 681: 6290:European Center for Antiziganism Research 5508:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1994. 4801:Weyrauch, Walter O. (12 September 2001). 4409:"THE GYSPSY INFLUENCE IN CLASSICAL MUSIC" 4277: 4243:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 260. 4236: 4211: 4166:United Nations Commission on Human Rights 4152: 4150: 4084:Eliopoulos, Nicholas C. (2 August 2006). 4041: 3385:British Journal of Sociology of Education 3231: 2932: 2923: 2437:of Hungary became the two current Romani 2381: 2076:There are some Romani museums in Europe. 1768:, a growing number of Roma have embraced 1612: 873: 122:Learn how and when to remove this message 6182:Central Council of German Sinti and Roma 5964:Deportation of Roma migrants from France 5531:Journal of the American Oriental Society 5312: 5262: 5137: 5008:. Harvard University Press. p. 92. 4800: 4719: 4298: 4278:Heald Phd, Bruce D. (27 November 2012). 4114:Egyptian Romany: The Essence of Hispania 4023: 3576:. Harvard University Press. p. 86. 3116: 3107: 3038: 3029: 2966: 2910: 2801: 2651: 2385: 2295: 2067: 1832: 1510: 1462:Olabibi – goddess of illness and healing 1355: 1123:, being a Rom, a set of Romani strains. 889: 860:translated as 'the Romani language', or 706: 6222:Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues 5289: 4841: 4773: 4664: 4382: 4237:Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (8 August 2016). 4110: 3943: 3813: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3068: 3066: 3000: 1571:Christian Roma ceremonies and practices 27:Cultural traits of Romani ethnic groups 14: 6358: 5762:Mention of romanipe as the Romani Code 5713: 5380:"Tory traveller proposals: Your views" 5110: 5001: 4920: 4868: 4720:Bugajski, Janusz (10 September 2020). 4546: 4156: 4147: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3744:. Voveo Marketing Group. December 2012 3712:"Restless Beings Project: Roma Engage" 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3569: 3539: 2967:Weyrauch, Walter. O (13 August 2001). 2859: 2654:"The Socialization of the Gypsy Child" 2418:(Horahane) in the Balkans adopted the 2120:(Horahane) in the Balkans adopted the 1665:Greece: Muslim Roma in Western Thrace. 1635: 1323: 1296: 1033:(Horahane) in the Balkans adopted the 5809: 5770:Mention of romanipe as Romani culture 5214: 5062:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 1416. 4981:. Taylor & Francis. p. 170. 4947: 4483:Event to mark Gypsy and traveller day 4334: 3997:Mironescu, Vlad (20 September 2014). 3978:Marushiakova, Elena; Popov, Veselin. 3918: 3821:"Saintes Marie de la Mer: The Church" 3502:"For Roma, Life in US Has Challenges" 3382: 3347: 3254: 3170: 3144: 2780: 2701: 2681:. Central European University Press. 2608: 2260:A stereotype that Romani people have 1506: 1347: 5263:Brunvand, Jan Harold (24 May 2006). 4975:Hoffmann, F.; Manning, M.J. (2014). 4523:Gypsies: An Interdisciplinary Reader 4519: 4240:The Encyclopedia of World Folk Dance 4205: 4179: 4024:Speziale, Fabrizio (December 2005). 3844: 3336: 3063: 2911:Bradford, Alina (26 November 2018). 2674: 2658:International Social Science Journal 2127:There is a Romani restaurant called 2008:is a festival celebrated in Prague. 1450:O Shion – goddess of wealth and luck 1387:, which is the word which describes 1126:An ethnic Rom is considered to be a 60:adding citations to reliable sources 31: 5348:"Gypsies are 'Europe's most hated'" 5290:Scanlan, Lawrence (7 August 2012). 5084:"CoE Protecting the Rights of Roma" 5059:Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature 3956: 3640: 3466: 3006:"Roma rivalry over child bride ban" 2755:Elena Marushiakova; Veselin Popov. 2346:European Convention on Human Rights 2151:(baked bread). A Romani dessert is 1740:. In southern Spain, many Roma are 1551:for the dark-skinned Saint Sara in 1012: 785:, and the language itself contains 664: 24: 6325:Museum of Roma Culture of Belgrade 5922:Rescue of Roma during the Porajmos 5778:Mention of romanipe as being a Rom 5752:Mention of romanipe as being a Rom 5443:Hector Becerra (30 January 2006). 5266:American Folklore: An Encyclopedia 4948:Okely, Judith (24 February 1983). 4547:Guides, Insight (September 2019). 3467:Guy, Will (2001). Will Guy (ed.). 3257:"Blood feud: gypsy clans in court" 2807: 2439:Members of the European Parliament 2422:during the Ottoman Empire period. 2284:is the most popular breed to pull 2249: 2124:during the Ottoman Empire period. 1910: 1732:. Those in Western Europe and the 1555:is said to have possibly been the 25: 6382: 5917:Berlin-Marzahn concentration camp 5835: 5794:Romanipen-sistemul valorilor rome 5693:(in English, German, and Romany). 5675: 5412:"This Week's Highlights: Gypsies" 5140:"Romani Culture: An Introduction" 4872:Dictionary of Gypsy Life and Lore 4553:. Apa Publications (UK) Limited. 3524:"History of the Balkan Egyptians" 3145:Oprea, Alexandra (21 July 2005). 2702:Khati, Pooja (23 February 2016). 1759: 1459:Vaju – god of the wind and travel 6338: 6337: 6262:European Roma Information Office 6237:European Roma Information Office 5872:Archaeology of the Romani people 5646: 5621: 5590: 5557: 5522: 5495: 5469: 5436: 5404: 5372: 5340: 5306: 5283: 5256: 5235: 5208: 5196: 5169: 5157: 5131: 5104: 5076: 5032:Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health 5029:Loue, S.; Sajatovic, M. (2011). 4671:. Scarecrow Press. p. 276. 4335:Hayes, Michelle Heffner (2009). 4059:Journal of Mediterranean Studies 3944:Barutcu, Atilla (January 2015). 3570:Matras, Yaron (6 January 2015). 3504:. Voice of America. 6 April 2011 3255:Cooke, Jennifer (1 March 2007). 2933:Silverman, Carol (24 May 2012). 2836:"History of the Romani Language" 2226: 2033:is celebrated every November 5. 1752:, while the majority of Roma in 1703: 1494: 1241:, is the most important part of 663: 153: 36: 5313:Lynghaug, F. (2 October 2009). 5221:. Utah State University Press. 5176:Monique Joiner Siedlak (2019). 5049: 5022: 4995: 4968: 4941: 4914: 4889: 4862: 4835: 4821: 4794: 4767: 4740: 4713: 4685: 4665:Kenrick, Donald (5 July 2007). 4658: 4633: 4608: 4594: 4567: 4540: 4520:Tong, Diane (28 January 2015). 4513: 4488: 4476: 4451: 4425: 4401: 4376: 4367: 4353: 4328: 4271: 4257: 4230: 4186:Vishvapani (29 November 2011). 4104: 4077: 4050: 4017: 3990: 3937: 3912: 3894: 3883: 3864: 3838: 3782: 3756: 3742:Saviour.org – Visit the Saviour 3730: 3704: 3695: 3673: 3626: 3614: 3597: 3533: 3516: 3494: 3460: 3426: 3411: 3376: 3324: 3300: 3274: 3248: 3199: 3164: 3138: 2994: 2960: 2904: 2893: 2879: 2853: 2828: 2774: 2757:"Development of Romani culture" 2652:Berthier, Jean-Charles (1979). 1720:Most Eastern European Roma are 1640:Balkan Roma Muslims are mostly 1057: 1048: 47:needs additional citations for 6010:Environmental racism in Europe 5932:Gypsy family camp in Auschwitz 5704:— transcontinental perspective 4954:. Cambridge University Press. 4121:: Tehuti Research Foundation. 3923:. Reaktion Books. p. 31. 3791:"THE ROMANI GODDESS KALI SARA" 3605:"INTRODUCTION TO ROMA CULTURE" 3418:Aleksandar G. Marinov (2019). 2797:– via OpenEdition Books. 2748: 2721: 2695: 2668: 2645: 2602: 2579: 2519: 2344:. This law, which absorbs the 1969: 1876:music and dance came from the 1523:Blessed Ceferino Giménez Malla 1258:Kitsyk Roma, dakitsyk obychaye 1227: 1206:Being a part of Romani society 761:shares many features with the 13: 1: 5445:"Gypsies: the Usual Suspects" 4927:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 4750:The Gypsies of Eastern Europe 4580:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 4373:Egypt: Third Edition. p. 101. 3980:"Roma Muslims in the Balkans" 3125:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 2900:Factsheets on Romani Language 2512: 2212: 1736:are mostly Roman Catholic or 779:Northern Indo-Aryan languages 6320:Gordon Boswell Romany Museum 6247:National Agency for the Roma 6131:World Day of Romani Language 5882:Moldavian–Wallachian slavery 4157:Bernal, Jorge (5 May 2003). 3851:I Write about Mary Magdalene 3797:. Ronald Lee. Archived from 3718:. Restless Beings. 2008–2012 3659:Countries and their Cultures 3544:. LINCOM GmbH. p. 330. 3331:Introduction to Roma culture 3185:10.1016/j.soscij.2006.04.003 2784:The Roma in Romanian History 2675:Mróz, Lech (November 2016). 2443:Juan de Dios Ramírez Heredia 2031:World Day of Romani Language 2019:Romani Christians celebrate 1954:World Day of Romani Language 1688:In the Balkans, the Roma of 1214:Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians 1065: 763:Central Indo-Aryan languages 749:Origins of the Romani people 71:"Romani society and culture" 7: 6315:Basketry Museum of the Roma 6187:European Roma Rights Centre 5969:Roma Holocaust Memorial Day 5481:European Roma Rights Centre 5182:. Oshun Publications, LLC. 4921:Albala, Ken (25 May 2011). 3151:European Roma Rights Centre 2459: 2441:. The first Romani MEP was 2292:Relations with other people 2234: 2184:is a Romani female healer. 2174: 1984:is a holiday celebrated in 1941: 1776: 1652:Religious male circumcision 1623:Religious male circumcision 1372: 10: 6387: 6217:International Romani Union 5849:Names of the Romani people 5574:10.30965/9783657705207_004 5269:. Routledge. p. 743. 5035:. Springer. p. 1303. 4753:. Routledge. p. 137. 4641:"Teatr Romen - RomArchive" 4212:Bhalesain, Pravin (2011). 4119:Greensboro, North Carolina 4111:Gadalla, Moustafa (2004). 3847:"Saintes Maries de la Mer" 3281:Papapavlou, Maria (2006). 3173:The Social Science Journal 2527:"Who are the Roma people?" 2253: 2238: 2216: 2199: 2195: 2093: 2089: 2063: 2048:Theatre, circus and cinema 2040: 2002:Central and Eastern Europe 1988:on April 8, especially in 1973: 1951: 1945: 1892:in Europe. European-style 1826: 1799: 1531:Virgin of Hope of Macarena 1016: 886:Marriage and controversies 746: 742: 241:Romani people by sub-group 6333: 6270: 6174: 6025: 5987: 5857: 5844: 5728:10.1007/s11127-012-0048-4 5336:– via Google Books. 5302:– via Google Books. 4869:Wedeck, Harry E. (2015). 4526:. Routledge. p. 56. 3768:hemeroteca.sevilla.abc.es 3362:10.1080/00905990050002470 3261:The Sydney Morning Herald 3117:Pamporov, Alexey (2006). 3086:. June 2007. p. 17. 2558:. McFarland. p. 50. 2466:Flag of the Romani people 2336:, the then-leader of the 2275: 2036: 992:Islamic marital practices 6310:Museum of Romani Culture 6280:Romani Studies (journal) 6227:Decade of Roma Inclusion 6126:International Romani Day 5736:The Economics of Gypsies 5294:. Random House of Canada 4845:We are the Romani People 4842:Hancock, Ian F. (2002). 4159:"The Rom in the America" 4043:10.4000/balkanologie.589 3397:10.1080/0142569970180207 2734:. Taylor & Francis. 2623:10.1162/1054204053971126 2476:Museum of Romani Culture 2454:Decade of Roma Inclusion 2340:promising to review the 2147:(fried wheat bread) and 2080:Museum of Romani Culture 2072:Museum of Romani Culture 1982:International Romani Day 1976:International Romani Day 1822: 1795: 1553:Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer 1517:Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer 1366:Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer 829: 5747:Romani Lives—Lungo Drom 5215:Stern, Stephen (1991). 4780:. Xlibris Corporation. 4774:Sirchie, Venus (2021). 4090:. Xlibris Corporation. 2860:Hubschmannova, Milena. 2596:10.1038/nindia.2012.179 2410:-like settlements (see 2086:in the Czech Republic. 1818:Romani people in Turkey 1786:Dalit Buddhist movement 1407: 1401: 1383: 1339: 1315: 1309: 1307:) meaning 'honour' and 1288: 1277: 1257: 1243: 1237: 1198: 1192: 1178: 1160: 1154: 1144: 1138: 1128: 1111: 1105: 1099: 1093: 1087: 1081: 1075: 1067: 1041:period, and so did the 1003: 926:The Romani practice of 862: 856: 850: 840: 5602:"Shame of a continent" 3919:Becky, Taylor (2014). 2887:"From India to Europe" 2391: 2382:Roma in Eastern Europe 2305: 2187: 2073: 1838: 1613:Burial of the foreskin 1576:continue to practice " 1519: 1369: 1043:Ritual purity in Islam 899: 874:Family and life stages 844:. Romanes is the only 716: 6257:World Romani Congress 6175:Politics and advocacy 6000:Anti-Romani sentiment 5450:The Los Angeles Times 4951:The Traveller-Gypsies 4693:"Roma Cultural Route" 4383:Dalzell, Tom (2007). 2507:Anti-Romani sentiment 2389: 2342:Human Rights Act 1998 2330:2005 general election 2299: 2071: 1836: 1617:It is a custom among 1514: 1478:Roma clans and tribes 1359: 1136:if the person has no 893: 747:Further information: 710: 5897:Great Gypsy Round-up 4901:finedininglovers.com 4310:colectie.jurnalul.ro 3661:. Advameg, Inc. 2012 3621:Religion and Beliefs 3350:Nationalities Papers 3042:(3 September 2007). 2611:TDR/The Drama Review 2531:New Internationalist 2376:Ernest Gilliat-Smith 1816:is performed by the 1609:Christian movement. 1166:framework of culture 56:improve this article 6232:Roma Education Fund 6166:World Roma Festival 6151:Kris (Romani court) 6136:King of the Gypsies 6027:Society and culture 6005:Roma Special School 5954:2006 Ferentari riot 5949:1993 Hădăreni riots 5424:. 19 September 2005 5111:Adamou, E. (2021). 5002:Matras, Y. (2015). 4875:. Open Road Media. 4433:"Romani (subgroup)" 4306:"Jurnalul National" 3908:. 23 November 2009. 3789:Ronald Lee (2002). 3212:Health Expectations 2590:. 1 December 2012. 2350:planning permission 2328:and Roma) became a 2324:(referring to both 2143:(fried cornbread), 2023:on December 25 and 2006:World Roma Festival 2000:and other parts of 1868:Spitalul de Urgenţă 1680:Croatia: Following 1636:Balkan Roma Muslims 1485:forced assimilation 1334:) meaning 'shame'. 846:Indo-Aryan language 755:Indian subcontinent 302:Kale (Finnish Roma) 297:Kale (Iberian Roma) 6285:Gypsy Lore Society 6197:Ketani Association 6104:Bible translations 5927:Szczurowa massacre 5892:Egyptians Act 1554 5887:Egyptians Act 1530 5877:Feudum Acinganorum 5600:(8 January 2003). 5568:. pp. 23–33. 5483:. 16 December 2004 5319:. Voyageur Press. 5005:The Romani Gypsies 4777:History of Gypsies 3801:on 27 January 2013 3573:The Romani Gypsies 3004:(6 October 2003). 2708:The Indian Express 2471:Gadjo (non-Romani) 2392: 2338:Conservative Party 2306: 2074: 1856:Taraful Haiducilor 1839: 1782:Theravada Buddhism 1709:River). Formally, 1520: 1507:Deities and saints 1370: 1348:Faith and religion 1115:) is a concept of 900: 717: 715:of a Romani family 418:Bosnia-Herzegovina 6353: 6352: 6202:NGO Roma Together 5700:"Romani Atlantic" 5583:978-3-506-70520-4 5326:978-0-7603-3499-7 5164:Romani literature 5124:978-1-108-83951-8 5069:978-1-84371-138-4 5042:978-1-4419-5655-2 5015:978-0-674-36838-5 4988:978-1-317-95693-8 4961:978-0-521-28870-5 4934:978-0-313-37627-6 4459:"Romani language" 4437:SIL International 4192:wiseattention.org 4135:on 30 August 2012 4067:Project MUSE 3825:Office of Tourism 3551:978-3-96939-071-9 3480:978-1-902806-07-5 3446:978-0-85323-689-4 3224:10.1111/hex.12214 2565:978-0-7864-9470-5 2533:. 28 October 2013 2400:former Yugoslavia 2219:Romani literature 1964:Indo-Aryan branch 1584:, or her mother, 1472: 1364:in the shrine of 978:human trafficking 904:arranged marriage 705: 704: 307:Kale (Welsh Roma) 132: 131: 124: 106: 16:(Redirected from 6378: 6341: 6340: 5830: 5823: 5816: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5790: 5782: 5774: 5766: 5731: 5722:(3–4): 273–292. 5703: 5694: 5686: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5664: 5658:law.columbia.edu 5650: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5594: 5588: 5587: 5561: 5555: 5554: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5473: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5457:on 13 April 2006 5453:. Archived from 5440: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5344: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5310: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5212: 5206: 5205:encyclopedia.com 5200: 5194: 5193: 5173: 5167: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5088: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5026: 5020: 5019: 4999: 4993: 4992: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4697: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4413: 4405: 4399: 4398: 4380: 4374: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4316:on 16 April 2013 4312:. 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Archived from 4108: 4102: 4101: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4021: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4010: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3975: 3954: 3953: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3898: 3892: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3770:. 22 August 2019 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3708: 3702: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3683:. 8 October 2022 3677: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3651: 3638: 3637: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3567: 3556: 3555: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3520: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3345: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3312: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3235: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3114: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3070: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3036: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3002:Brabant, Malcolm 2998: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2930: 2921: 2920: 2908: 2902: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2862:"Origin of Roma" 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2606: 2600: 2599: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2549: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2523: 2435:Viktória Mohácsi 2326:Irish Travellers 1898:Django Reinhardt 1837:Django Reinhardt 1726:Eastern Orthodox 1642:cultural Muslims 1533:is considered a 1525:is considered a 1470: 1410: 1404: 1386: 1342: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1312: 1300: 1295: 1291: 1282: 1260: 1246: 1240: 1218:Turcoman Gypsies 1201: 1195: 1181: 1173:Second World War 1163: 1158:. As a concept, 1157: 1147: 1141: 1131: 1114: 1108: 1102: 1096: 1090: 1084: 1078: 1070: 1013:Purity and death 943:Bride kidnapping 937:marriageable age 894:Roma wedding in 865: 859: 853: 843: 697: 690: 683: 667: 666: 641:Hungarian-Slovak 347:Sepečides Romani 157: 134: 133: 127: 120: 116: 113: 107: 105: 64: 40: 32: 21: 6386: 6385: 6381: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6376: 6375: 6356: 6355: 6354: 6349: 6329: 6266: 6242:Kalé Dor Kayiko 6170: 6021: 6015:Romani feminism 5995:Romani diaspora 5983: 5853: 5840: 5834: 5800: 5788: 5780: 5772: 5764: 5698: 5689: 5681: 5678: 5673: 5672: 5662: 5660: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5637: 5635: 5627: 5626: 5622: 5612: 5610: 5595: 5591: 5584: 5562: 5558: 5527: 5523: 5516: 5501: 5500: 5496: 5486: 5484: 5475: 5474: 5470: 5460: 5458: 5441: 5437: 5427: 5425: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5392:. 23 March 2005 5385:BBC News Online 5378: 5377: 5373: 5363: 5361: 5360:. 26 April 2005 5353:BBC News Online 5346: 5345: 5341: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5311: 5307: 5297: 5295: 5288: 5284: 5277: 5261: 5257: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5240: 5236: 5229: 5213: 5209: 5201: 5197: 5190: 5174: 5170: 5162: 5158: 5148: 5146: 5136: 5132: 5125: 5109: 5105: 5095: 5093: 5086: 5082: 5081: 5077: 5070: 5054: 5050: 5043: 5027: 5023: 5016: 5000: 4996: 4989: 4973: 4969: 4962: 4946: 4942: 4935: 4919: 4915: 4905: 4903: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4883: 4867: 4863: 4856: 4840: 4836: 4827: 4826: 4822: 4815: 4799: 4795: 4788: 4772: 4768: 4761: 4745: 4741: 4734: 4718: 4714: 4704: 4702: 4695: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4679: 4663: 4659: 4649: 4647: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4624: 4622: 4614: 4613: 4609: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4588: 4572: 4568: 4561: 4545: 4541: 4534: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4485:. June 5, 2015. 4481: 4477: 4467: 4465: 4457: 4456: 4452: 4442: 4440: 4431: 4430: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4395: 4381: 4377: 4372: 4368: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4347: 4333: 4329: 4319: 4317: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4292: 4276: 4272: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4251: 4235: 4231: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4210: 4206: 4196: 4194: 4184: 4180: 4170: 4168: 4161: 4155: 4148: 4138: 4136: 4129: 4109: 4105: 4098: 4082: 4078: 4055: 4051: 4022: 4018: 4008: 4006: 3995: 3991: 3976: 3957: 3942: 3938: 3931: 3917: 3913: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3888: 3884: 3869: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3845:Wineyard, Val. 3843: 3839: 3829: 3827: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3787: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3696: 3686: 3684: 3679: 3678: 3674: 3664: 3662: 3653: 3652: 3641: 3632: 3631: 3627: 3619: 3615: 3607: 3603: 3602: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3568: 3559: 3552: 3538: 3534: 3526: 3522: 3521: 3517: 3507: 3505: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3431: 3427: 3416: 3412: 3381: 3377: 3346: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3279: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3253: 3249: 3204: 3200: 3169: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3143: 3139: 3129: 3127: 3115: 3108: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3072: 3071: 3064: 3054: 3052: 3040:McDonald, Henry 3037: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3011:BBC News Online 2999: 2995: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2965: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2931: 2924: 2917:livescience.com 2909: 2905: 2898: 2894: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2870: 2868: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2819: 2817: 2806: 2802: 2795: 2779: 2775: 2765: 2763: 2753: 2749: 2742: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2700: 2696: 2689: 2673: 2669: 2650: 2646: 2607: 2603: 2585: 2584: 2580: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2550: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2487:Romani folklore 2483:(tribal leader) 2462: 2420:Islamic culture 2384: 2372:Rumelian Romani 2294: 2278: 2272:cards to them. 2258: 2252: 2250:Fortune-telling 2243: 2241:Romani folklore 2237: 2229: 2221: 2215: 2204: 2198: 2190: 2177: 2129:Romani Kafenava 2122:Islamic culture 2111:stuffed cabbage 2098: 2092: 2066: 2058:Romance Theatre 2050: 2045: 2039: 1978: 1972: 1960:Romani language 1956: 1950: 1948:Romani language 1944: 1936:Johannes Brahms 1913: 1911:Classical music 1831: 1825: 1804: 1798: 1779: 1762: 1706: 1690:North Macedonia 1638: 1615: 1573: 1559:servant of the 1539:Spanish Gypsies 1509: 1497: 1492: 1375: 1350: 1320: 1293: 1230: 1208: 1132:Roma in Romani 1072: 1060: 1051: 1035:Islamic culture 1021: 1015: 1006: 996:Romani mothers 888: 880:extended family 876: 832: 759:Romani language 751: 745: 729:Northwest India 701: 656: 538:North Macedonia 384: 383: 380:Romani diaspora 371: 262:Burgenland Roma 243: 242: 128: 117: 111: 108: 65: 63: 53: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6384: 6374: 6373: 6371:Romani society 6368: 6366:Romani culture 6351: 6350: 6348: 6347: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6276: 6274: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6178: 6176: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6112: 6111: 6106: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6075: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6043: 6042: 6031: 6029: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6007: 5997: 5991: 5989: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5940: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5863: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5845: 5842: 5841: 5833: 5832: 5825: 5818: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5791: 5783: 5775: 5767: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5733: 5711: 5708:A Roma Journey 5705: 5696: 5687: 5677: 5676:External links 5674: 5671: 5670: 5645: 5620: 5589: 5582: 5556: 5543:10.2307/592158 5521: 5514: 5494: 5468: 5435: 5403: 5371: 5339: 5325: 5305: 5282: 5275: 5255: 5234: 5227: 5207: 5195: 5188: 5168: 5156: 5138:Yaron Matras. 5130: 5123: 5103: 5075: 5068: 5048: 5041: 5021: 5014: 4994: 4987: 4967: 4960: 4940: 4933: 4913: 4888: 4881: 4861: 4854: 4834: 4831:. p. 141. 4820: 4813: 4793: 4786: 4766: 4759: 4739: 4732: 4712: 4684: 4677: 4657: 4632: 4607: 4593: 4586: 4566: 4559: 4539: 4532: 4512: 4487: 4475: 4450: 4424: 4400: 4394:978-0415259378 4393: 4375: 4366: 4363:. p. 148. 4352: 4346:978-0786439232 4345: 4327: 4297: 4290: 4270: 4256: 4249: 4229: 4204: 4178: 4146: 4127: 4103: 4096: 4076: 4049: 4016: 3989: 3955: 3936: 3929: 3911: 3893: 3882: 3863: 3837: 3812: 3795:Romano Kapachi 3781: 3755: 3729: 3716:restlessbeings 3703: 3694: 3672: 3639: 3625: 3613: 3596: 3583:978-0674368385 3582: 3557: 3550: 3532: 3515: 3493: 3479: 3459: 3445: 3425: 3410: 3391:(2): 243–256. 3375: 3335: 3323: 3299: 3273: 3247: 3218:(5): 784–795. 3198: 3179:(3): 461–470. 3163: 3137: 3106: 3093:978-8360190371 3092: 3062: 3028: 2993: 2979: 2959: 2945: 2922: 2903: 2892: 2878: 2852: 2827: 2816:. Yaron Matras 2800: 2793: 2773: 2747: 2740: 2720: 2694: 2687: 2667: 2644: 2617:(2): 135–158. 2601: 2578: 2564: 2544: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2509: 2504: 2502:Romani cuisine 2499: 2497:Romani studies 2494: 2489: 2484: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2461: 2458: 2383: 2380: 2334:Michael Howard 2314:social welfare 2293: 2290: 2277: 2274: 2266:fortune-teller 2251: 2248: 2239:Main article: 2236: 2233: 2228: 2225: 2217:Main article: 2214: 2211: 2200:Main article: 2197: 2194: 2189: 2186: 2176: 2173: 2096:Romani cuisine 2094:Main article: 2091: 2088: 2082:is located in 2065: 2062: 2049: 2046: 2038: 2035: 1971: 1968: 1946:Main article: 1943: 1940: 1912: 1909: 1827:Main article: 1824: 1821: 1800:Main article: 1797: 1794: 1784:linked to the 1778: 1775: 1761: 1760:Evangelicalism 1758: 1722:Roman Catholic 1705: 1702: 1686: 1685: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1637: 1634: 1614: 1611: 1600:Light and Life 1596:United Kingdom 1572: 1569: 1508: 1505: 1496: 1493: 1482: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1374: 1371: 1349: 1346: 1325:[ladʒ] 1298:[baxt] 1267: 1266: 1229: 1226: 1207: 1204: 1142:. Sometimes a 1071: 1064: 1059: 1056: 1050: 1047: 1039:Ottoman Empire 1014: 1011: 1005: 1002: 958:Czech Republic 928:child marriage 887: 884: 875: 872: 868:Gypsy language 831: 828: 744: 741: 703: 702: 700: 699: 692: 685: 677: 674: 673: 672: 671: 658: 657: 655: 654: 649: 644: 634: 623:United Kingdom 620: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 453:Czechoslovakia 450: 448:Czech Republic 445: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 378: 377: 376: 373: 372: 370: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 240: 239: 238: 235: 234: 233: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 159: 158: 150: 149: 143: 142: 130: 129: 44: 42: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6383: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6346: 6345: 6336: 6335: 6332: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6212:Voice of Roma 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6036: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6002: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5902:Gypsy Scourge 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5843: 5838: 5831: 5826: 5824: 5819: 5817: 5812: 5811: 5808: 5801:(in Romanian) 5799: 5795: 5792: 5787: 5784: 5779: 5776: 5771: 5768: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5742: 5737: 5734: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5716:Public Choice 5712: 5709: 5706: 5701: 5697: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5679: 5659: 5655: 5649: 5634: 5633:romarchive.eu 5630: 5624: 5609: 5608: 5603: 5599: 5593: 5585: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5566:Roma Writings 5560: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5525: 5517: 5515:9780160448379 5511: 5507: 5506: 5498: 5482: 5478: 5472: 5456: 5452: 5451: 5446: 5439: 5423: 5419: 5418: 5413: 5407: 5391: 5387: 5386: 5381: 5375: 5359: 5355: 5354: 5349: 5343: 5328: 5322: 5318: 5317: 5309: 5293: 5286: 5278: 5276:9781135578787 5272: 5268: 5267: 5259: 5244: 5238: 5230: 5228:9780874211481 5224: 5220: 5219: 5211: 5204: 5199: 5191: 5189:9781948834926 5185: 5181: 5180: 5172: 5165: 5160: 5145: 5141: 5134: 5126: 5120: 5116: 5115: 5107: 5092: 5085: 5079: 5071: 5065: 5061: 5060: 5052: 5044: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5025: 5017: 5011: 5007: 5006: 4998: 4990: 4984: 4980: 4979: 4971: 4963: 4957: 4953: 4952: 4944: 4936: 4930: 4926: 4925: 4917: 4902: 4898: 4892: 4884: 4882:9781504022743 4878: 4874: 4873: 4865: 4857: 4855:9781902806198 4851: 4847: 4846: 4838: 4830: 4824: 4816: 4814:9780520221864 4810: 4806: 4805: 4797: 4789: 4787:9781664162785 4783: 4779: 4778: 4770: 4762: 4760:9781315490243 4756: 4752: 4751: 4743: 4735: 4733:9781000161359 4729: 4726:. Routledge. 4725: 4724: 4716: 4701: 4694: 4688: 4680: 4678:9780810864405 4674: 4670: 4669: 4661: 4646: 4645:romarchive.eu 4642: 4636: 4621: 4620:romarchive.eu 4617: 4611: 4603: 4597: 4589: 4587:9781440838217 4583: 4579: 4578: 4570: 4562: 4560:9781839051500 4556: 4552: 4551: 4543: 4535: 4533:9781135636371 4529: 4525: 4524: 4516: 4501: 4497: 4491: 4484: 4479: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4438: 4434: 4428: 4410: 4404: 4396: 4390: 4386: 4379: 4370: 4362: 4356: 4348: 4342: 4338: 4331: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4293: 4291:9781614238041 4287: 4283: 4282: 4274: 4266: 4260: 4252: 4250:9781442257498 4246: 4242: 4241: 4233: 4215: 4208: 4193: 4189: 4182: 4167: 4160: 4153: 4151: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4115: 4107: 4099: 4097:9781413469462 4093: 4089: 4088: 4087:Gypsy Council 4080: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4053: 4044: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4020: 4005:(in Romanian) 4004: 4000: 3993: 3985: 3981: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3951: 3947: 3940: 3932: 3930:9781780232973 3926: 3922: 3915: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3886: 3878: 3874: 3867: 3852: 3848: 3841: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3769: 3765: 3759: 3743: 3739: 3733: 3717: 3713: 3707: 3698: 3682: 3676: 3660: 3656: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3635: 3629: 3622: 3617: 3606: 3600: 3585: 3579: 3575: 3574: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3553: 3547: 3543: 3536: 3525: 3519: 3503: 3497: 3482: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3463: 3448: 3442: 3438: 3437: 3429: 3421: 3414: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3379: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3356:(1): 93–128. 3355: 3351: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3332: 3327: 3309: 3303: 3288: 3284: 3277: 3262: 3258: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3202: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3167: 3152: 3148: 3141: 3126: 3122: 3121: 3113: 3111: 3095: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3076: 3069: 3067: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3033: 3017: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3003: 2997: 2982: 2980:9780520221857 2976: 2972: 2971: 2963: 2948: 2946:9780195300949 2942: 2938: 2937: 2929: 2927: 2918: 2914: 2907: 2901: 2896: 2888: 2882: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2841: 2837: 2831: 2815: 2811: 2804: 2796: 2794:9786155053931 2790: 2786: 2785: 2777: 2762: 2758: 2751: 2743: 2741:9781000904048 2737: 2733: 2732: 2724: 2709: 2705: 2698: 2690: 2688:9789633861097 2684: 2680: 2679: 2671: 2664:(3): 376–392. 2663: 2659: 2655: 2648: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2605: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2582: 2567: 2561: 2557: 2556: 2548: 2532: 2528: 2522: 2518: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2457: 2455: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2388: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2312:and live off 2311: 2303: 2298: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2264:powers (e.g. 2263: 2257: 2247: 2242: 2232: 2227:Superstitions 2224: 2220: 2210: 2207: 2203: 2193: 2185: 2183: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2112: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2070: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2054:Romen Theatre 2044: 2043:Romani anthem 2034: 2032: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1977: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1955: 1949: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1908: 1905: 1904:Belly dancing 1901: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1878:Roma in Spain 1875: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1854:tradition is 1853: 1848: 1843: 1835: 1830: 1820: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1809: 1803: 1793: 1791: 1790:B.R. Ambedkar 1787: 1783: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1757: 1755: 1754:Latin America 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1734:United States 1731: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1704:Other regions 1701: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1683: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1647:Horahane Roma 1643: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1518: 1513: 1504: 1502: 1501:Balkan Romani 1495:Dasikane Roma 1490: 1486: 1481: 1479: 1474: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1425:reincarnation 1422: 1417: 1415: 1409: 1403: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1345: 1341: 1335: 1333: 1332: 1326: 1317: 1311: 1306: 1305: 1299: 1290: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1273: 1270: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1248: 1245: 1239: 1238:Romano Zakono 1234: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1203: 1200: 1194: 1189: 1185: 1180: 1174: 1169: 1167: 1162: 1156: 1151: 1148:, usually an 1146: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1107: 1101: 1095: 1089: 1083: 1077: 1069: 1063: 1055: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1010: 1001: 999: 994: 993: 989: 984: 981: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 944: 940: 938: 934: 933:Florin Cioabă 929: 924: 922: 918: 917:mobile phones 914: 910: 905: 897: 892: 883: 881: 871: 869: 864: 858: 852: 847: 842: 837: 836:Romani people 827: 825: 821: 816: 814: 811: 807: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 750: 740: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 721:Romani people 714: 709: 698: 693: 691: 686: 684: 679: 678: 676: 675: 670: 662: 661: 660: 659: 653: 650: 648: 645: 642: 638: 637:United States 635: 632: 628: 624: 621: 618: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 385: 381: 375: 374: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 352:Servitka Roma 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 257:Bergitka Roma 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 244: 237: 236: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 162: 161: 160: 156: 152: 151: 148: 147:Romani people 145: 144: 140: 136: 135: 126: 123: 115: 104: 101: 97: 94: 90: 87: 83: 80: 76: 73: – 72: 68: 67:Find sources: 61: 57: 51: 50: 45:This article 43: 39: 34: 33: 30: 19: 6342: 6252:Romani CRISS 6207:Opera Nomadi 6026: 5781:(in Russian) 5773:(in Russian) 5765:(in Russian) 5741:Freakonomics 5739: 5719: 5715: 5691:"RomArchive" 5661:. 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Retrieved 2530: 2521: 2492:Romani dress 2451: 2431:Lívia Járóka 2428: 2424: 2396:Eastern bloc 2393: 2369: 2366: 2362: 2359: 2332:issue, with 2307: 2286:vardo wagons 2279: 2259: 2256:Hokkani boro 2244: 2230: 2222: 2208: 2205: 2202:Romani dress 2191: 2181: 2178: 2167: 2165:are common. 2161: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2135:, Slovenia. 2128: 2126: 2115: 2108: 2102: 2099: 2078: 2075: 2051: 2029: 2018: 1979: 1957: 1916:Romani music 1914: 1902: 1872: 1870:in Romania. 1860:Zdob şi Zdub 1851: 1844: 1842:influences. 1840: 1829:Romani music 1812: 1805: 1802:Romani dance 1780: 1766:World War II 1763: 1719: 1707: 1687: 1682:World War II 1645: 1639: 1616: 1593: 1590: 1574: 1543: 1535:patron saint 1527:patron saint 1521: 1498: 1475: 1468: 1439: 1436: 1429: 1418: 1376: 1360:The cult of 1351: 1336: 1285: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1249: 1231: 1222:Crimean Roma 1212: 1209: 1170: 1125: 1073: 1061: 1058:Moral values 1052: 1049:Childraising 1028: 1025: 1022: 1007: 995: 990:adopted the 985: 982: 945: 941: 925: 921:Finnish Roma 909:social media 901: 877: 851:Čingari čhib 833: 817: 810:Middle Indic 752: 718: 287:Judeo-Romani 277:Crimean Roma 174: 118: 109: 99: 92: 85: 78: 66: 54:Please help 49:verification 46: 29: 5789:(in Polish) 5598:Gary Younge 5537:: 143–270. 5179:Gypsy Magic 4284:. Arcadia. 4139:26 December 3805:26 December 3748:26 December 3722:26 December 3665:26 December 2820:27 February 2808:Matras, Y. 2416:Muslim Roma 2404:integration 2137:Rabbit stew 2118:Muslim Roma 1970:Observances 1932:Franz Liszt 1890:Cante Jondo 1814:Belly dance 1770:Evangelical 1750:circumcised 1742:Pentecostal 1698:Muslim Roma 1619:Muslim Roma 1607:Pentecostal 1604:Charismatic 1594:Within the 1582:Virgin Mary 1561:three Marys 1545:Saint Sarah 1414:Muslim Roma 1265:'s dialect) 1233:Romani Code 1228:Romani Code 1037:during the 1031:Muslim Roma 988:Muslim Roma 974:bride price 962:Netherlands 857:řomani čhib 669:WikiProject 603:Switzerland 548:Netherlands 533:New Zealand 332:Polska Roma 247:Afro-Romani 230:Settlements 165:Archaeology 6360:Categories 6295:Roma Route 6121:In fiction 6099:Literature 5988:Population 5979:Romanistan 5944:Mława riot 5422:BBC Online 5417:Inside Out 5144:rm.coe.int 5096:5 February 5091:theioi.org 4705:5 February 4505:9 November 4128:1931446199 3856:13 January 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