341:, where top predator species help maintain biodiversity. This led to his 1969 paper in which he proposed the keystone species concept. This concept states that an ecosystem may experience a dramatic shift if a keystone species is removed, even though that species was a small part of the ecosystem by measures of
369:
at the
University of Washington. In 2000, he founded the Experimental and Field Ecology Fund to support graduate student research; the fund was renamed the Robert T. Paine Experimental & Field Ecology Endowed Fund to mark Paine's 80th birthday. As late as 2013, aged 79, Paine continued
405:
Paine's research—and the subsequent work of his students—has been very influential in the field of ecology, and he has been called a "giant" of the field. Paine's research helped popularise field manipulation experiments, sometimes called "kick-it-and-see ecology", at a time when field ecologists
733:, Summer 2013. Retrieved 15 June, 2016. "All my early childhood memories involve biology. I remember sitting in the dirt driveway when I was around two-and-a-half years old and watching ants—I was utterly fascinated with nature from a very young age."
854:(3): 156–157 (September 1979). Retrieved 15 June 2016. "This paper, which has been widely cited and reprinted, was one of the first clear proofs of a phenomenon which appears to be an important organizing factor in several ecosystems."
817:
1079:, 2 August 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2016. "Paine, 80, has been retired for 15 years, yet he still shows up on campus daily to work out of his cluttered basement office, in Kincaid Hall, writing and contributing to research papers."
606:
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wrote that "by encouraging independence and prizing fieldwork, Paine mentored an entire generation of superstar ecologists." Paine's former students and postdocs include
322:(marine gastropods). Much of Paine's work at the University of Washington focused on the organization of marine communities. It was here that much of his research on
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Indian tribe. They granted him permission to conduct his research, with the only restriction being that he not ‘‘mess with the graves.’’
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646:
544:
Yong, E. (2013). "Scientific families: Dynasty. Bob Paine fathered an idea — and an academic family — that changed ecology".
299:
141:
1036:
Mills, L. Scott; Soulé, Michael E.; Doak, Daniel F. (1993). "The
Keystone-Species Concept in Ecology and Conservation".
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357:" to describe the top-down effects that occur in ecosystems when an important species is introduced or removed.
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Where the Wild Things Were: Life, death and ecological wreckage in a land of vanishing predators
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1174:"Ecological Determinism in the Competition for Space: The Robert H. MacArthur Award Lecture"
501:, "the northwesternmost point of the continental United States", the island is owned by the
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University of
Washington, Department of Biology, 15 June 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
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at
Michigan, his interests and studies changed after taking a course about freshwater
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The Life
History and Population Dynamics of Glottidia Pyramidata (Brachiopoda)
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306:, where he spent the rest of his career and became well known for his work.
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422:. Paine and his work are featured prominently in the 2018 documentary film
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381:, including a cash prize equivalent to about US$ 408,000. Paine died from
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318:. As a postdoctoral fellow, he worked on the history and energetics of
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Wilbur, H. M. (1998). "1996 Sewall Wright Award: Robert T. Paine".
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BioDiverse
Perspectives; Graduate Students on Biodiversity Science
818:"Bob Paine, 83, ecologist whose work identified keystone species"
407:
294:
taught by ecologist
Frederick E. Smith. Upon graduating from the
287:
283:
263:
1093:"Retired UW prof wins $ 408,000 for groundbreaking ecology work"
1072:"Retired UW prof wins $ 408,000 for groundbreaking ecology work"
907:(1969). "A Note on Trophic Complexity and Community Stability".
365:
Paine retired in the late 1990s but continued to be active as a
247:
148:
1112:"Bob Paine, ecologist who introduced 'keystone species,' dies"
314:
Paine's doctoral research thesis was on the ecology of living
502:
298:, Paine completed a one-year postdoctoral fellowship at the
1234:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
945:"Honorary Lifetime Membership Award: Robert T. Paine".
777:"Diverse Introspectives: A conversation with Bob Paine"
766:(3): 156–157 (September 1979). Retrieved 15 June 2016.
607:"Scientists Adopt Tiny Island as a Warming Bellwether"
867:(1966). "Food Web Complexity and Species Diversity".
329:
In a noteworthy 1966 paper, Paine described a rocky
444:
President, Ecological
Society of America, 1979–1980
258:Paine was born on April 13, 1933, and grew up in
218:(April 13, 1933 – June 13, 2016) was an American
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1163:. Published May 8, 2019. Accessed June 6, 2019.
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848:Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
793:"The Life History and Population Dynamics of
782:, 10 September 2013. Retrieved 15 June, 2016.
769:
759:Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
266:from a very young age. After graduating from
1254:Fellows of the Ecological Society of America
1132:"RIP Bob Paine, A Keystone Among Ecologists"
1125:
1123:
981:
230:concept to explain the relationship between
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406:tended only to observe natural ecosystems.
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1264:Deaths from leukemia in Washington (state)
1198:, 30 January 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
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584:. University of Washington. Archived from
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349:. It has become a very popular concept in
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1249:Scientists from Cambridge, Massachusetts
1098:, 2 August 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
469:Honorary Lifetime Membership Award, 2009
1117:, 15 June 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
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845:"Robert T. Paine, President: 1979–1980"
755:"Robert T. Paine, President: 1979–1980"
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668:"Prof. Emeritus Bob Paine (1933-2016)"
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450:, Ecological Society of America, 1983
1156:"'The Serengeti Rules': Film Review"
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222:who spent most of his career at the
799:University of Michigan, PhD thesis.
300:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
142:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
13:
1269:Deaths from acute myeloid leukemia
1101:
736:
689:"The Ecologist Who Threw Starfish"
687:Carroll, Sean B. (10 March 2016).
655:
309:
14:
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1229:20th-century American zoologists
1224:University of Washington faculty
455:The National Academy of Sciences
1185:
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816:Langer, Emily (June 17, 2016).
717:"An idea that spawned a legacy"
491:
467:American Society of Naturalists
282:. Having taken some courses in
599:
574:
431:
353:. Paine also coined the term "
1:
1239:University of Michigan alumni
1196:Ecological Society of America
633:Stolzenberg, William (2008).
582:"Keystone Species Hypothesis"
479:
439:Ecological Society of America
512:
377:In 2013, he was awarded the
302:. In 1962, Paine joined the
216:Robert Treat "Bob" Paine III
105:National Academy of Sciences
7:
727:Department of Biology eNews
10:
1285:
473:International Cosmos Prize
379:International Cosmos Prize
370:to make regular visits to
270:in 1954, he served in the
109:International Cosmos Prize
1244:Harvard University alumni
1192:Robert H. MacArthur Award
1130:Yong, Ed (14 June 2016).
448:Robert H. MacArthur Award
400:
397:, on June 13, 2016.
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731:University of Washington
666:Jennifer Ruesink (2016)
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304:University of Washington
260:Cambridge, Massachusetts
254:Early life and education
224:University of Washington
134:University of Washington
43:Cambridge, Massachusetts
1172:Robert T. Paine (1983)
995:The American Naturalist
947:The American Naturalist
909:The American Naturalist
870:The American Naturalist
791:Robert T. Paine (1961)
775:Hillary Burgess (2013)
374:for research purposes.
262:. He was fascinated by
1160:The Hollywood Reporter
1091:Katherine Long (2013)
1070:Katherine Long (2013)
391:Swedish Medical Center
383:acute myeloid leukemia
296:University of Michigan
276:University of Michigan
130:University of Michigan
76:University of Michigan
278:, intending to study
243:Mytilus californianus
795:Glottidia Pyramidata
361:Retirement and death
351:conservation biology
1259:American ecologists
1154:John DeFore (2019)
461:Sewall Wright Award
425:The Serengeti Rules
395:Seattle, Washington
226:. Paine coined the
98:Sewall Wright Award
61:Seattle, Washington
722:2015-11-14 at the
367:professor emeritus
268:Harvard University
233:Pisaster ochraceus
138:Harvard University
72:Harvard University
16:American zoologist
1110:Phuong Le (2016)
953:(3): iii–. 2009.
843:R.B. Root (1979)
753:R.B. Root (1979)
648:978-1-59691-299-1
554:(7432): 286–289.
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120:Scientific career
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915:(929): 91–93.
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883:10.1086/282400
877:(910): 65–75.
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797:(Brachiopoda)"
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827:. Retrieved
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615:. 6 Oct 2012
610:
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590:. Retrieved
586:the original
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387:blood cancer
385:, a type of
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347:productivity
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280:paleontology
257:
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182:Anne Salomon
153:
126:Institutions
119:
55:(2016-06-13)
1219:2016 deaths
1214:1933 births
453:Elected to
441:, 1977–1978
432:Recognition
416:Bruce Menge
412:Paul Dayton
201:.washington
174:Bruce Menge
170:Paul Dayton
1208:Categories
1141:2016-06-14
1038:BioScience
1001:(1): i–t.
619:2012-10-25
592:2011-02-03
480:References
331:intertidal
326:occurred.
316:brachipods
35:1933-04-13
975:205992377
513:Citations
497:Close to
389:, at the
335:Makah Bay
272:U.S. Army
220:ecologist
1177:Ecology,
1115:Phys.org
1023:39717819
1015:18811418
967:19653846
929:83780992
891:85265656
829:June 17,
720:Archived
698:11 March
693:Nautilus
568:23325190
238:starfish
199:.biology
1058:1312122
408:Ed Yong
343:biomass
288:ecology
284:zoology
264:biology
192:Website
88:concept
1056:
1021:
1013:
973:
965:
927:
889:
645:
566:
547:Nature
475:, 2013
463:, 1996
457:, 1986
401:Legacy
248:mussel
240:, and
205:/users
160:(1961)
158:
149:Thesis
112:(2013)
101:(1996)
93:Awards
1054:JSTOR
1019:S2CID
971:S2CID
925:S2CID
887:S2CID
503:Makah
485:Notes
1011:PMID
963:PMID
831:2016
700:2016
643:ISBN
564:PMID
418:and
286:and
203:.edu
50:Died
29:Born
1046:doi
1003:doi
999:151
955:doi
951:174
917:doi
913:103
879:doi
875:100
556:doi
552:493
393:in
345:or
337:in
197:www
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.