176:
55:
42:
260:
which is usually worn off except near the growing edge of the shell. The beaks of the shell are often eroded. The shell has coarse radial ribbing and irregular growth lines on the outer surface. The inner surface of the shell is blue and faintly pearly.
330:
Given the right circumstances, California mussels can grow up to 200 mm (8 inches) in length and may live for more than 20 years. However, mortality in intertidal open coastal environments is often high, resulting from battering from
392:
California mussels continue to be harvested as sources of both food and bait up and down the
Pacific Coast of North America. The flesh of the California mussel tends to be orange in color. They can be baked, boiled, or fried like other
380:
during the past 10,000 years, a pattern they attributed to growing human populations and increased predation pressure from human fishing. Hogan (2008) notes more specific archaeological recovery from the
372:
who lived on the
Pacific Coast prior to European contact. On California's Northern Channel Islands, archaeological evidence shows that they were harvested continuously for almost 12,000 years.
323:
bare rock easily, instead preferring the shelter of pre-existing mussels and their biological filaments. Mussels attach themselves to the hard surfaces using their thread-like
256:
The shell of this species is thick and is often 129 to 130 millimetres (5 to 5 in) in length, sometimes larger still. The shell is blue on the outside with a heavy brown
2018:
667:
2008:
1815:
548:
2013:
1854:
613:
295:
has risen since then, making researchers expect an increase in aragonite. However it was the opposite - showing that the deciding factor in
2038:
2028:
642:
1978:
754:
1789:
1828:
2023:
1988:
1983:
1867:
683:
17:
1833:
2033:
369:
1932:
1859:
1728:
504:
1950:
747:
413:
244:. California mussels are found clustered together, often in very large aggregations, on rocks in the upper
2003:
557:
1998:
1993:
1750:
432:
1755:
1973:
1550:
1911:
1937:
1339:
1314:
54:
1675:
1371:
1127:
740:
440:
412:
in any given locality, California mussels may contain harmful levels of the toxins which can cause
1846:
621:
1924:
1632:
1535:
1210:
1121:
933:
875:
786:
719:
720:
A Review of
California Mussel ("Mytilus californianus") Fisheries Biology and Fisheries Programs
672:
Where the Wild Things Were: Life, death and ecological wreckage in a land of vanishing predators
538:
Bullard, Elizabeth M.; Torres, Ivan; Ren, Tianqi; Graeve, Olivia A.; Roy, Kaustuv (2021-01-11).
1898:
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991:
646:
165:
149:
704:
Human
Impacts on Ancient Shellfish: A 10,000 Year Record from San Miguel Island, California.
264:
Like other mytilids, the animal is attached to the substrate with a very strong and elastic
1776:
1737:
1266:
1169:
1094:
966:
928:
865:
801:
561:
283:, but by 2017/2018 the proportions had reversed. This was surprising given that previously
376:
et al. (2008) documented a decline in the average size of harvested
California mussels on
175:
8:
1580:
1366:
300:
185:
180:
565:
408:
While these mussels are usually edible, care needs to be taken, because during times of
1286:
1189:
1179:
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1159:
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923:
843:
833:
791:
702:
Erlandson, Jon M., T. C. Rick, T. J. Braje, A. Steinberg, & R.L.Vellanoweth. 2008.
590:
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245:
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1015:
675:
382:
212:
1967:
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1233:
1228:
1030:
1025:
1020:
986:
938:
918:
581:
373:
229:
573:
248:
on the open coast, where they are exposed to the strong action of the surf.
1664:
1301:
823:
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257:
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344:
41:
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811:
722:, Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Research Document 99/187 (PDF)
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1248:
1007:
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870:
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394:
324:
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208:
76:
505:"Ocean acidification is transforming California mussel shells"
1906:
1572:
1381:
1331:
1220:
891:
488:
319:
conditions found on open rocky coasts. However, they do not
778:
398:
368:
California mussels were an important food source for the
179:
Large
California mussel beds, north Moonstone beach near
386:
537:
2019:
Natural history of the
Channel Islands of California
540:"Shell mineralogy of a foundational marine species,
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
522:
1965:
706:Journal of Archaeological Science 35:2144-2152.
549:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
351:. Predators of California mussels include the
729:, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History
660:
748:
303:- because calcite withstands acidity better.
714:, Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham (2008)
228:This species is native to the west coast of
666:
755:
741:
645:. University of Washington. Archived from
544:, over half a century in a changing ocean"
40:
589:
174:
2009:Fauna of the Northwestern United States
311:The California mussel prefers the high
14:
1966:
443:, to explain the relationship between
287:increase in aragonite was observed in
1689:
1688:
736:
2014:Western North American coastal fauna
1951:099F50CD-9308-443E-894E-BFC90B2B512F
1912:E398FBA8-EE01-D8B8-4884-4FC9879DAB6D
727:Marine Shells of Southern California
428:concept was coined, in 1969, by the
251:
2039:Taxa named by Timothy Abbott Conrad
762:
24:
2029:Seafood in Native American cuisine
183:. Brown, furry-looking seaweed is
25:
2050:
1979:Marine molluscs of North America
614:"Mytilus californianus taxonomy"
53:
299:shell carbonate composition is
275:. In the 1950s that was mostly
271:The shell is primarily made of
635:
606:
13:
1:
2024:Channel Islands National Park
1989:Molluscs of the United States
1984:Molluscs of the Pacific Ocean
643:"Keystone Species Hypothesis"
476:
419:
414:paralytic shellfish poisoning
558:National Academy of Sciences
363:
7:
460:
189:, both in the mid to upper
10:
2055:
2034:Bivalves described in 1837
696:
385:in the period 800 to 1300
306:
232:, occurring from northern
1697:
1673:
1642:
1608:
1571:
1521:
1498:
1489:
1458:
1424:
1389:
1380:
1330:
1300:
1257:Black-foot opihi/Hawaiian
1247:
1219:
1150:
1141:
1085:
1006:
952:
909:
777:
768:
360:. They feed on plankton.
155:
148:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
34:
1128:Placopecten magellanicus
972:New Zealand green-lipped
481:
441:University of Washington
1633:Acanthopleura granulata
1202:(group of four species)
574:10.1073/pnas.2004769118
1626:Acanthopleura echinata
1536:Atlantic white-spotted
987:Asian/Philippine green
194:
1894:Paleobiology Database
1743:Mytilus_californianus
1729:Mytilus californianus
1699:Mytilus californianus
1562:Amphioctopus fangsiao
1206:South African abalone
1078:("true oyster" genus)
844:California butterclam
725:McLean, James. 1969.
542:Mytilus californianus
455:Mytilus californianus
204:Mytilus californianus
178:
159:Mytilus californianus
141:M. californianus
18:Mytilus californianus
1287:Ribbed Mediterranean
802:Grooved carpet shell
668:Stolzenberg, William
207:) is a large edible
2004:Fauna of California
1282:Rayed Mediterranean
876:Japanese littleneck
566:2021PNAS..11804769B
301:ocean acidification
186:Gloiopeltis furcata
181:Cambria, California
1999:Molluscs of Mexico
1994:Molluscs of Canada
1655:Land snail farming
1069:Gillardeau oysters
787:Atlantic jackknife
710:C. Michael Hogan,
446:Pisaster ochraceus
437:professor emeritus
335:and other debris,
195:
35:California mussel
27:Species of bivalve
1974:Mytilus (bivalve)
1961:
1960:
1881:Open Tree of Life
1691:Taxon identifiers
1682:
1681:
1660:Gastropod anatomy
1619:Chiton magnificus
1604:
1603:
1581:New Zealand arrow
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1356:Kelletia lischkei
1321:Littorina sitkana
1267:Yellow-foot opihi
1137:
1136:
1031:Colchester native
712:Los Osos Back Bay
685:978-1-59691-299-1
618:www.racerocks.com
378:San Miguel Island
293:ocean temperature
252:Shell description
199:California mussel
173:
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16:(Redirected from
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1496:
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1410:Chorus giganteus
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1111:Pecten jacobaeus
818:Mactra stultorum
775:
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620:. Archived from
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604:
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426:keystone species
370:Native Americans
297:M. californianus
291:waters, and the
238:Aleutian Islands
191:intertidal zones
161:
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1665:Bivalve anatomy
1638:
1600:
1586:Japanese flying
1567:
1517:
1477:
1454:
1420:
1376:
1326:
1296:
1277:Common European
1243:
1215:
1133:
1117:Peruvian calico
1081:
1002:
999:(mussel family)
948:
905:
850:Senilia senilis
764:
763:Edible mollusks
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560:: e2004769118.
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449:, a species of
433:Robert T. Paine
422:
366:
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254:
246:intertidal zone
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1643:Related topics
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1435:Cornu aspersum
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944:Giant Atlantic
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866:Triangle shell
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676:Bloomsbury USA
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471:Mytilus edulis
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221:in the family
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1546:Pacific giant
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1457:
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1449:Helix pomatia
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1442:Helix lucorum
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1062:Ostra chilena
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968:
967:Mediterranean
965:
963:
960:
959:
957:
955:
951:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
916:
914:
912:
908:
902:
901:
897:
895:(razor genus)
894:
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882:
879:
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869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
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847:
845:
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840:
837:
835:
834:Pacific razor
832:
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827:
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822:
820:
819:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
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800:
798:
795:
793:
792:Atlantic surf
790:
788:
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776:
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771:
767:
758:
753:
751:
746:
744:
739:
738:
735:
728:
724:
721:
718:Schmidt, D.,
717:
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708:
705:
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687:
681:
677:
673:
669:
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649:on 2011-01-10
648:
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624:on 2018-10-23
623:
619:
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230:North America
226:
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192:
188:
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182:
177:
167:
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150:Binomial name
147:
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56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1698:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1560:
1551:Southern red
1447:
1440:
1433:
1408:
1382:Other snails
1354:
1319:
1126:
1109:
1095:Atlantic bay
1073:
1061:
1026:Southern mud
976:
898:
890:
848:
829:Ocean quahog
816:
726:
711:
703:
671:
662:
651:. Retrieved
647:the original
637:
626:. Retrieved
622:the original
617:
608:
553:
547:
541:
513:. Retrieved
511:. 2021-01-11
508:
470:
454:
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423:
407:
391:
367:
352:
329:
310:
296:
288:
284:
270:
263:
258:periostracum
255:
227:
203:
202:
198:
196:
184:
158:
156:
140:
139:
127:
29:
1920:SeaLifeBase
1842:NatureServe
1803:iNaturalist
1723:Wikispecies
1596:Neon flying
1302:Periwinkles
1262:Turtle/talc
1195:Green ormer
1105:New Zealand
1075:Crassostrea
1056:Sydney rock
934:New Zealand
856:Smooth clam
824:Blunt gaper
467:Blue mussel
345:desiccation
1968:Categories
1513:Bottletail
1500:Cuttlefish
1460:Freshwater
1404:Korean mud
1367:Pear whelk
1143:Gastropods
1100:Great/king
1046:Windowpane
1041:Portuguese
977:California
881:Razor clam
861:Soft-shell
653:2011-02-03
628:2019-01-04
515:2021-01-12
477:References
420:In science
339:pounding,
279:with some
273:carbonates
1508:Spineless
1372:Lightning
1340:Channeled
997:Mytilidae
886:Pod razor
807:Hard clam
582:0027-8424
430:zoologist
374:Erlandson
364:Human use
341:predation
333:driftwood
277:aragonite
223:Mytilidae
135:Species:
117:Mytilidae
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
1847:2.974066
1821:11265602
1714:Q3016358
1708:Wikidata
1676:Category
1591:Humboldt
1541:Big blue
1399:Mud-flat
1350:Kellet's
1190:Greenlip
1185:Blacklip
1087:Scallops
770:Bivalves
670:(2009).
600:33431664
509:Phys.org
461:See also
451:starfish
410:red tide
358:starfish
354:Pisaster
321:colonize
317:sediment
313:salinity
113:Family:
107:Mytilida
97:Bivalvia
87:Mollusca
83:Phylum:
77:Animalia
63:Domain:
1946:ZooBank
1886:1025558
1795:2285680
1610:Chitons
1523:Octopus
1491:Inkfish
1473:Nerites
1362:Knobbed
1249:Limpets
1234:Elegant
1221:Conches
1211:Chilean
1152:Abalone
1036:Pacific
1021:Olympia
1016:Eastern
1008:Oysters
954:Mussels
911:Cockles
900:Paphies
797:Geoduck
697:Sources
591:7826377
562:Bibcode
439:of the
403:oysters
395:mussels
383:Chumash
349:disease
307:Ecology
281:calcite
236:to the
219:mollusk
216:bivalve
128:Mytilus
123:Genus:
103:Order:
93:Class:
1938:367837
1873:367837
1782:449960
1531:Common
1416:Bailer
1345:Common
1332:Whelks
1315:Banded
1310:Common
1292:Rustic
1064:/Bluff
939:Sydney
929:Goolwa
919:Common
871:Tuatua
682:
598:
588:
580:
453:, and
401:, and
347:, and
325:byssus
315:, low
289:warmer
266:byssus
242:Alaska
234:Mexico
213:marine
209:mussel
168:, 1837
166:Conrad
1933:WoRMS
1925:47623
1907:Plazi
1899:90536
1834:79455
1816:IRMNG
1808:62806
1769:45GKH
1756:33413
1573:Squid
1556:Mimic
1468:Apple
1272:China
1229:Queen
1175:Green
1170:Black
1160:White
1122:Yesso
982:Brown
924:Blood
892:Ensis
839:Venus
812:Horse
779:Clams
556:(3).
482:Notes
399:clams
1868:OBIS
1860:6549
1855:NCBI
1829:ITIS
1790:GBIF
1751:BOLD
1426:Land
1200:Pāua
1180:Pink
1051:Rock
992:Date
962:Blue
680:ISBN
596:PMID
578:ISSN
424:The
337:wave
285:some
211:, a
197:The
1777:EoL
1764:CoL
1738:ADW
1391:Sea
1239:Dog
1165:Red
586:PMC
570:doi
554:118
240:of
1970::
1948::
1935::
1922::
1909::
1896::
1883::
1870::
1857::
1844::
1831::
1818::
1805::
1792::
1779::
1766::
1753::
1740::
1725::
1710::
678:.
674:.
616:.
594:.
584:.
576:.
568:.
552:.
546:.
524:^
507:.
490:^
469:,
457:.
435:,
416:.
405:.
397:,
389:.
387:AD
343:,
327:.
268:.
225:.
756:e
749:t
742:v
688:.
656:.
631:.
602:.
572::
564::
518:.
201:(
193:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
