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1287:. The left anterior descending artery supplies heart tissue and the front, outer side, and septum of the left ventricle. It does this by branching into smaller arteriesâdiagonal and septal branches. The left circumflex supplies the back and underneath of the left ventricle. The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, and lower posterior sections of the left ventricle. The right coronary artery also supplies blood to the atrioventricular node (in about 90% of people) and the sinoatrial node (in about 60% of people). The right coronary artery runs in a groove at the back of the heart and the left anterior descending artery runs in a groove at the front. There is significant variation between people in the anatomy of the arteries that supply the heart The arteries divide at their furthest reaches into smaller branches that join at the edges of each arterial distribution.
2076:, the venae cavae, and other locations, including pulmonary vessels and the right side of the heart itself. Baroreceptors fire at a rate determined by how much they are stretched, which is influenced by blood pressure, level of physical activity, and the relative distribution of blood. With increased pressure and stretch, the rate of baroreceptor firing increases, and the cardiac centers decrease sympathetic stimulation and increase parasympathetic stimulation. As pressure and stretch decrease, the rate of baroreceptor firing decreases, and the cardiac centers increase sympathetic stimulation and decrease parasympathetic stimulation. There is a similar reflex, called the atrial reflex or
3446:(2nd century CE) knew blood vessels carried blood and identified venous (dark red) and arterial (brighter and thinner) blood, each with distinct and separate functions. Galen, noting the heart as the hottest organ in the body, concluded that it provided heat to the body. The heart did not pump blood around, the heart's motion sucked blood in during diastole and the blood moved by the pulsation of the arteries themselves. Galen believed the arterial blood was created by venous blood passing from the left ventricle to the right through 'pores' between the ventricles. Air from the lungs passed from the lungs via the pulmonary artery to the left side of the heart and created arterial blood.
2080:, associated with varying rates of blood flow to the atria. Increased venous return stretches the walls of the atria where specialized baroreceptors are located. However, as the atrial baroreceptors increase their rate of firing and as they stretch due to the increased blood pressure, the cardiac center responds by increasing sympathetic stimulation and inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation to increase heart rate. The opposite is also true. Chemoreceptors present in the carotid body or adjacent to the aorta in an aortic body respond to the blood's oxygen, carbon dioxide levels. Low oxygen or high carbon dioxide will stimulate firing of the receptors.
4394:, the heart is usually situated around the middle of the thorax. In terrestrial and arboreal snakes it is usually located nearer to the head; in aquatic species the heart is more centrally located. There is a heart with three chambers: two atria and one ventricle. The form and function of these hearts are different from mammalian hearts due to the fact that snakes have an elongated body, and thus are affected by different environmental factors. In particular, the snake's heart relative to the position in their body has been influenced greatly by gravity. Therefore, snakes that are larger in size tend to have a higher
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3007:(ventricular repolarisation). As the heart cells contract, they create a current that travels through the heart. A downward deflection on the ECG implies cells are becoming more positive in charge ("depolarising") in the direction of that lead, whereas an upward inflection implies cells are becoming more negative ("repolarising") in the direction of the lead. This depends on the position of the lead, so if a wave of depolarising moved from left to right, a lead on the left would show a negative deflection, and a lead on the right would show a positive deflection. The ECG is a useful tool in detecting
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4413:, the septum extends partway into the ventricle. This allows for some degree of separation between the de-oxygenated bloodstream destined for the lungs and the oxygenated stream that is delivered to the rest of the body. The absence of such a division in living amphibian species may be partly due to the amount of respiration that occurs through the skin; thus, the blood returned to the heart through the venae cavae is already partially oxygenated. As a result, there may be less need for a finer division between the two bloodstreams than in lungfish or other
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4387:, meaning a circulatory system divided into arterial and venous parts. However, the heart itself is not completely separated into two sides. Instead, it is separated into three chambersâtwo atria and one ventricle. Blood returning from both the systemic circulation and the lungs is returned, and blood is pumped simultaneously into the systemic circulation and the lungs. The double system allows blood to circulate to and from the lungs which deliver oxygenated blood directly to the heart.
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1463:. Between the third and fourth week, the heart tube lengthens, and begins to fold to form an S-shape within the pericardium. This places the chambers and major vessels into the correct alignment for the developed heart. Further development will include the formation of the septa and the valves and the remodeling of the heart chambers. By the end of the fifth week, the septa are complete, and by the ninth week, the heart valves are complete.
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7490:"2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR)"
740:
1112:. The cardiac muscle pattern is elegant and complex, as the muscle cells swirl and spiral around the chambers of the heart, with the outer muscles forming a figure 8 pattern around the atria and around the bases of the great vessels and the inner muscles, forming a figure 8 around the two ventricles and proceeding toward the apex. This complex swirling pattern allows the heart to pump blood more effectively.
3085:, which describes how much blood is ejected from the left and right ventricles after systole. Ejection fraction can then be obtained by dividing the volume ejected by the heart (stroke volume) by the volume of the filled heart (end-diastolic volume). Echocardiograms can also be conducted under circumstances when the body is more stressed, in order to examine for signs of lack of blood supply. This
6856:"ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias â executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Supraventricular Arrhythmias)"
641:
2303:. Heart failure is frequently associated with weakness of the heart muscle in the ventricles (systolic heart failure), but can also be seen in patients with heart muscle that is strong but stiff (diastolic heart failure). The condition may affect the left ventricle (causing predominantly breathlessness), the right ventricle (causing predominantly swelling of the legs and an elevated
2783:
2186:, which include diseases of the heart, are the leading cause of death worldwide. The majority of cardiovascular disease is noncommunicable and related to lifestyle and other factors, becoming more prevalent with ageing. Heart disease is a major cause of death, accounting for an average of 30% of all deaths in 2008, globally. This rate varies from a lower 28% to a high 40% in
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7554:"2014 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization: the Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI)"
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2245:) or breathlessness during exercise or even at rest. The thin covering of an atherosclerotic plaque can rupture, exposing the fatty centre to the circulating blood. In this case a clot or thrombus can form, blocking the artery, and restricting blood flow to an area of heart muscle causing a myocardial infarction (a heart attack) or
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As the pressure within the ventricles rises further, exceeding the pressure with the aorta and pulmonary arteries, the aortic and pulmonary valves open. Blood is ejected from the heart, causing the pressure within the ventricles to fall. Simultaneously, the atria refill as blood flows into the right atrium through the superior and
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3337:. Implantable defibrillators are used to treat serious life-threatening rapid heart rhythms. These devices monitor the heart, and if dangerous heart racing is detected can automatically deliver a shock to restore the heart to a normal rhythm. Implantable defibrillators are most commonly used in patients with heart failure,
4621:, the circulatory system is not used to transport oxygen and so is much reduced, having no veins or arteries and consisting of two connected tubes. Oxygen travels by diffusion and there are five small muscular vessels that connect these vessels that contract at the front of the animals that can be thought of as "hearts".
4067:. There are also many references to the heart in the Christian Bible, including "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God", "Above all else, guard your heart, for everything you do flows from it", "For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also", "For as a man thinks in his heart, so shall he be."
2345:, but some such as dilated cardiomyopathy may be caused by damage from toxins such as alcohol. Some cardiomyopathies such as hypertrophic cardiomopathy are linked to a higher risk of sudden cardiac death, particularly in athletes. Many cardiomyopathies can lead to heart failure in the later stages of the disease.
5398:"European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary: Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts)"
4449:, at the base of the arterial trunks and there is some degree of mixing between the blood in each side of the heart, during a dive underwater; thus, only in birds and mammals are the two streams of bloodâthose to the pulmonary and systemic circulationsâpermanently kept entirely separate by a physical barrier.
1695:, and into the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Finally, when the pressure within the ventricles falls below the pressure within the aorta and pulmonary arteries, the aortic and pulmonary valves close. The ventricles start to relax, the mitral and tricuspid valves open, and the cycle begins again.
6604:"2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC"
1538:
1679:. The atria and ventricles work in concert, so in systole when the ventricles are contracting, the atria are relaxed and collecting blood. When the ventricles are relaxed in diastole, the atria contract to pump blood to the ventricles. This coordination ensures blood is pumped efficiently to the body.
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for a heart with insufficient blood supply. It is released 4â6 hours after injury and usually peaks at about 12â24 hours. Two tests of troponin are often takenâone at the time of initial presentation and another within 3â6 hours, with either a high level or a significant rise being diagnostic. A test
1431:
Development of the human heart during the first eight weeks (top) and the formation of the heart chambers (bottom). In this figure, the blue and red colors represent blood inflow and outflow (not venous and arterial blood). Initially, all venous blood flows from the tail/atria to the ventricles/head,
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The papillary muscles extend from the walls of the heart to valves by cartilaginous connections called chordae tendinae. These muscles prevent the valves from falling too far back when they close. During the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, the papillary muscles are also relaxed and the tension
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for "estranged" (literally, "truncated of heart"). In
Egyptian religion, the heart was the key to the afterlife. It was conceived as surviving death in the nether world, where it gave evidence for, or against, its possessor. The heart was therefore not removed from the body during mummification, and
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valves. After the ventricles have completed most of their filling, the atria contract, forcing further blood into the ventricles and priming the pump. Next, the ventricles start to contract. As the pressure rises within the cavities of the ventricles, the mitral and tricuspid valves are forced shut.
5395:
Graham, I; Atar, D; Borch-Johnsen, K; Boysen, G; Burell, G; Cifkova, R; Dallongeville, J; De Backer, G; Ebrahim, S; Gjelsvik, B; Herrmann-Lingen, C; Hoes, A; Humphries, S; Knapton, M; Perk, J; Priori, SG; Pyorala, K; Reiner, Z; Ruilope, L; Sans-Menendez, S; Scholte op Reimer, W; Weissberg, P; Wood,
3819:
As one of the vital organs, the heart was long identified as the center of the entire body, the seat of life, or emotion, or reason, will, intellect, purpose or the mind. The heart is an emblematic symbol in many religions, signifying "truth, conscience or moral courage in many religionsâthe temple
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are abnormal heart sounds which can be either related to disease or benign, and there are several kinds. There are normally two heart sounds, and abnormal heart sounds can either be extra sounds, or "murmurs" related to the flow of blood between the sounds. Murmurs are graded by volume, from 1 (the
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exist beneath each of the three layers of the heart. These networks collect into a main left and a main right trunk, which travel up the groove between the ventricles that exists on the heart's surface, receiving smaller vessels as they travel up. These vessels then travel into the atrioventricular
1221:
to lubricate the surface of the heart. The part of the serous membrane attached to the fibrous membrane is called the parietal pericardium, while the part of the serous membrane attached to the heart is known as the visceral pericardium. The pericardium is present in order to lubricate its movement
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The heart evolved no less than 380 million years ago in fish. Fish have what is often described as a two-chambered heart, consisting of one atrium to receive blood and one ventricle to pump it. However, the fish heart has entry and exit compartments that may be called chambers, so it is also
2015:
The ions move from areas where they are concentrated to where they are not. For this reason sodium moves into the cell from outside, and potassium moves from within the cell to outside the cell. Calcium also plays a critical role. Their influx through slow channels means that the sinoatrial cells
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The prepotential is due to a slow influx of sodium ions until the threshold is reached followed by a rapid depolarisation and repolarisation. The prepotential accounts for the membrane reaching threshold and initiates the spontaneous depolarisation and contraction of the cell; there is no resting
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Cardiac output (CO) is a measurement of the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle (stroke volume) in one minute. This is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume (SV) by the beats per minute of the heart rate (HR). So that: CO = SV x HR. The cardiac output is normalized to body size through
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and empties into the upper back part of the right atrium. The inferior vena cava drains the blood from below the diaphragm and empties into the back part of the atrium below the opening for the superior vena cava. Immediately above and to the middle of the opening of the inferior vena cava is the
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but not in more primitive vertebrates. In these animals, the muscles of the heart are relatively continuous, and the sinus venosus coordinates the beat, which passes in a wave through the remaining chambers. Since the sinus venosus is incorporated into the right atrium in amniotes, it is likely
726:
positioned upwards and tapering down to the apex. An adult heart has a mass of 250â350 grams (9â12 oz). The heart is often described as the size of a fist: 12 cm (5 in) in length, 8 cm (3.5 in) wide, and 6 cm (2.5 in) in thickness, although this description is
4035:
Indigenous leaders from Alaska to
Australia came together in 2020 to deliver a message to the world that humanity needs to shift from the mind to the heart, and let our heart be in charge of what we do. The message was made into a film, which highlighted that humanity must open their hearts to
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refers to the filling pressure of the atria at the end of diastole, when the ventricles are at their fullest. A main factor is how long it takes the ventricles to fill: if the ventricles contract more frequently, then there is less time to fill and the preload will be less. Preload can also be
985:
reinforces the thin walls of the right ventricle and plays a crucial role in cardiac conduction. It arises from the lower part of the interventricular septum and crosses the interior space of the right ventricle to connect with the inferior papillary muscle. The right ventricle tapers into the
1604:
into the right ventricle. As the right ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve closes and the blood is pumped into the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary valve. The pulmonary trunk divides into pulmonary arteries and progressively smaller arteries throughout the lungs, until it reaches
7189:
Bourier, Felix; Denis, Arnaud; Cheniti, Ghassen; Lam, Anna; Vlachos, Konstantinos; Takigawa, Masateru; Kitamura, Takeshi; Frontera, Antonio; Duchateau, Josselin; Pambrun, Thomas; Klotz, Nicolas; Derval, Nicolas; Sacher, Frédéric; Jais, Pierre; Haissaguerre, Michel (27 November 2018).
3439:(304â250 BCE) noted the heart as a pump, causing dilation of blood vessels, and noted that arteries and veins both radiate from the heart, becoming progressively smaller with distance, although he believed they were filled with air and not blood. He also discovered the heart valves.
2880:
quietest), to 6 (the loudest), and evaluated by their relationship to the heart sounds, position in the cardiac cycle, and additional features such as their radiation to other sites, changes with a person's position, the frequency of the sound as determined by the side of the
916:. This has three cusps which are not attached to any papillary muscles. When the ventricle relaxes blood flows back into the ventricle from the artery and this flow of blood fills the pocket-like valve, pressing against the cusps which close to seal the valve. The semilunar
4036:
restore balance to the world. Kumu Sabra Kauka, a
Hawaiian studies educator and tradition bearer summed up the message of the film saying "Listen to your heart. Follow your path. May it be clear, and for the good of all." The film was led by Illarion Merculieff from the
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on the chordae tendineae is slight. As the heart chambers contract, so do the papillary muscles. This creates tension on the chordae tendineae, helping to hold the cusps of the atrioventricular valves in place and preventing them from being blown back into the atria.
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lies between the left atrium and left ventricle. It is also known as the bicuspid valve due to its having two cusps, an anterior and a posterior cusp. These cusps are also attached via chordae tendinae to two papillary muscles projecting from the ventricular wall.
4529:, presumably having been absorbed into the ventricles over the course of evolution. Similarly, while the sinus venosus is present as a vestigial structure in some reptiles and birds, it is otherwise absorbed into the right atrium and is no longer distinguishable.
6807:"2013 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the task force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)"
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and travel to both the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, as well as to the atria and ventricles. The ventricles are more richly innervated by sympathetic fibers than parasympathetic fibers. Sympathetic stimulation causes the release of the neurotransmitter
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598:
4402:), with a considerable gap near the pulmonary artery and aortic openings. In most reptilian species, there appears to be little, if any, mixing between the bloodstreams, so the aorta receives, essentially, only oxygenated blood. The exception to this rule is
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of the cardiac nerves. This shortens the repolarisation period, thus speeding the rate of depolarisation and contraction, which results in an increased heart rate. It opens chemical or ligand-gated sodium and calcium ion channels, allowing an influx of
813:. The interatrial septum separates the atria, and the interventricular septum separates the ventricles. The interventricular septum is much thicker than the interatrial septum since the ventricles need to generate greater pressure when they contract.
603:
2621:
of each heart cell. Because the beating of the heart depends on the proper movement of ions across the surface membrane, cardiac ion channelopathies form a major group of heart diseases. Cardiac ion channelopathies may explain some of the cases of
1919:
6688:"Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012): the Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)"
3170:, during which narrowings can be expanded by passing small balloon-tipped wires into the coronary arteries, inflating the balloon to expand the narrowing, and sometimes leaving behind a metal scaffold known as a stent to keep the artery open.
2539:. Pericardial effusions often occur secondary to pericarditis, kidney failure, or tumours, and frequently do not cause any symptoms. However, large effusions or effusions which accumulate rapidly can compress the heart in a condition known as
6658:
4444:
show complete separation of the heart into two pumps for a total of four heart chambers; it is thought that the four-chambered heart of archosaurs evolved independently from that of mammals. In crocodilians, there is a small opening, the
625:
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with the SA node. In teleosts, with their vestigial sinus venosus, the main centre of coordination is, instead, in the atrium. The rate of heartbeat varies enormously between different species, ranging from around 20 beats per minute in
2380:
1670:
The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events in which the heart contracts and relaxes with every heartbeat. The period of time during which the ventricles contract, forcing blood out into the aorta and main pulmonary artery, is known as
1523:
3138:
Narrowings of the coronary arteries (ischemic heart disease) are treated to relieve symptoms of chest pain caused by a partially narrowed artery (angina pectoris), to minimise heart muscle damage when an artery is completely occluded
541:
6804:
European
Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA); Brignole, Michele; Auricchio, Angelo; Baron-Esquivias, Gonzalo; Bordachar, Pierre; Boriani, Giuseppe; Breithardt, Ole-A.; Cleland, John (August 2013).
4207:
The hearts of beef, pork, and mutton can generally be interchanged in recipes. As heart is a hard-working muscle, it makes for "firm and rather dry" meat, so is generally slow-cooked. Another way of dealing with toughness is to
990:, into which it ejects blood when contracting. The pulmonary trunk branches into the left and right pulmonary arteries that carry the blood to each lung. The pulmonary valve lies between the right heart and the pulmonary trunk.
1636:, and ultimately capillaries. In the capillaries, oxygen and nutrients from blood are supplied to body cells for metabolism, and exchanged for carbon dioxide and waste products. Capillary blood, now deoxygenated, travels into
6514:
1474:
that previously acted as a valve closes the foramen ovale and establishes the typical cardiac circulation pattern. A depression in the surface of the right atrium remains where the foramen ovale was, called the fossa ovalis.
1322:
groove, and receive a third vessel which drains the section of the left ventricle sitting on the diaphragm. The left vessel joins with this third vessel, and travels along the pulmonary artery and left atrium, ending in the
600:
1847:
near to the junction with the superior vena cava. The electrical signal generated by the sinoatrial node travels through the right atrium in a radial way that is not completely understood. It travels to the left atrium via
4474:
sometimes described as three-chambered or four-chambered, depending on what is counted as a chamber. The atrium and ventricle are sometimes considered "true chambers", while the others are considered "accessory chambers".
1537:
4040:(Unangan) tribe. Merculieff has written that Unangan Elders referred to the heart as a "source of wisdom", "a deeper portal of profound interconnectedness and awareness that exists between humans and all living things".
3919:, which symbolized the ideal standard of behavior. If the scales balanced, it meant the heart's possessor had lived a just life and could enter the afterlife; if the heart was heavier, it would be devoured by the monster
3207:
Diseased heart valves that have become abnormally narrow or abnormally leaky may require surgery. This is traditionally performed as an open surgical procedure to replace the damaged heart valve with a tissue or metallic
1920:
5757:
UhlĂ©n, Mathias; Fagerberg, Linn; Hallström, Björn M.; Lindskog, Cecilia; Oksvold, Per; Mardinoglu, Adil; Sivertsson, Ă
sa; Kampf, Caroline; Sjöstedt, Evelina (23 January 2015). "Tissue-based map of the human proteome".
2859:, S2, is the sound of the semilunar valves closing during ventricular diastole and is described as "dub". Each sound consists of two components, reflecting the slight difference in time as the two valves close. S2 may
2039:
can be 129 beats per minute (bpm) and this gradually decreases until maturity. An athlete's heart rate can be lower than 60 bpm. During exercise the rate can be 150 bpm with maximum rates reaching from 200 to 220 bpm.
3332:
may also be required to treat arrhythmias. Pacemakers, comprising a small battery powered generator implanted under the skin and one or more leads that extend to the heart, are most commonly used to treat abnormally
2056:
in the brainstem control the sympathetic and parasympathetic influences to the heart through the vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk. These cardiovascular centres receive input from a series of receptors including
3471:. In his manuscript, al-Nafis wrote that blood passes through the pulmonary circulation instead of moving from the right to the left ventricle as previously believed by Galen. His work was later translated into
2381:
2240:
the coronary arteries, and if severe may reduce blood flow to the heart. If a narrowing (or stenosis) is relatively minor then the patient may not experience any symptoms. Severe narrowings may cause chest pain
1470:. The foramen ovale allowed blood in the fetal heart to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium, allowing some blood to bypass the lungs. Within seconds after birth, a flap of tissue known as the
1216:
The pericardium is the sac that surrounds the heart. The tough outer surface of the pericardium is called the fibrous membrane. This is lined by a double inner membrane called the serous membrane that produces
1326:. The right vessel travels along the right atrium and the part of the right ventricle sitting on the diaphragm. It usually then travels in front of the ascending aorta and then ends in a brachiocephalic node.
1843:(also known as the sinus node or the SA node). Here an electrical signal is created that travels through the heart, causing the heart muscle to contract. The sinoatrial node is found in the upper part of the
6915:
Baumgartner, Helmut; Bonhoeffer, Philipp; De Groot, Natasja M. S.; de Haan, Fokko; Deanfield, John Erik; Galie, Nazzareno; Gatzoulis, Michael A.; Gohlke-Baerwolf, Christa; Kaemmerer, Harald (December 2010).
5537:
Ampanozi, Garyfalia; Krinke, Eileen; Laberke, Patrick; Schweitzer, Wolf; Thali, Michael J.; Ebert, Lars C. (7 May 2018). "Comparing fist size to heart size is not a viable technique to assess cardiomegaly".
542:
4590:, a cavity between the organs. The heart in arthropods is typically a muscular tube that runs the length of the body, under the back and from the base of the head. Instead of blood the circulatory fluid is
2388:
Heart sounds of a 16 year old girl diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse and mitral regurgitation. Auscultating her heart, a systolic murmur and click is heard. Recorded with the stethoscope over the mitral
4477:
Primitive fish have a four-chambered heart, but the chambers are arranged sequentially so that this primitive heart is quite unlike the four-chambered hearts of mammals and birds. The first chamber is the
3061:. An echocardiogram is an ultrasound of the heart used to measure the heart's function, assess for valve disease, and look for any abnormalities. Echocardiography can be conducted by a probe on the chest (
3540:(1866â1927) was an important English physiologist who also studied the heart. Although they worked largely independently, their combined efforts and similar conclusions have been recognized in the name "
4513:
In the adult fish, the four chambers are not arranged in a straight row but instead form an S-shape, with the latter two chambers lying above the former two. This relatively simple pattern is found in
3419:
Humans have known about the heart since ancient times, although its precise function and anatomy were not clearly understood. From the primarily religious views of earlier societies towards the heart,
6686:
Vahanian, Alec; Alfieri, Ottavio; Andreotti, Felicita; Antunes, Manuel J.; BarĂłn-Esquivias, Gonzalo; Baumgartner, Helmut; Borger, Michael Andrew; Carrel, Thierry P.; De Bonis, Michele (October 2012).
6603:
3667:
has improved the management of chronic heart failure, the disease continues to be an enormous medical and societal burden, with 30 to 40% of patients dying within a year of receiving the diagnosis.
6602:
Ponikowski, Piotr; Voors, Adriaan A.; Anker, Stefan D.; Bueno, Héctor; Cleland, John G. F.; Coats, Andrew J. S.; Falk, Volkmar; Gonzålez-Juanatey, José Ramón; Harjola, Veli-Pekka (August 2016).
1918:
6129:
2984:
Using surface electrodes on the body, it is possible to record the electrical activity of the heart. This tracing of the electrical signal is the electrocardiogram (ECG) or (EKG). An ECG is a
7488:
Authors/Task Force
Members; Piepoli, Massimo F.; Hoes, Arno W.; Agewall, Stefan; Albus, Christian; Brotons, Carlos; Catapano, Alberico L.; Cooney, Marie-Therese; CorrĂ , Ugo (September 2016).
6854:
Blomström-Lundqvist, Carina; Scheinman, Melvin M.; Aliot, Etienne M.; Alpert, Joseph S.; Calkins, Hugh; Camm, A. John; Campbell, W. Barton; Haines, David E.; Kuck, Karl H. (14 October 2003).
4417:. Nonetheless, in at least some species of amphibian, the spongy nature of the ventricle does seem to maintain more of a separation between the bloodstreams. Also, the original valves of the
2543:, causing breathlessness and potentially fatal low blood pressure. Fluid can be removed from the pericardial space for diagnosis or to relieve tamponade using a syringe in a procedure called
3166:
In addition to using medications, narrowed heart arteries can be treated by expanding the narrowings or redirecting the flow of blood to bypass an obstruction. This may be performed using a
3940:
also takes the metaphorical meanings of "mind", "intention", or "core", and is often translated as "heart-mind" as the ancient
Chinese believed the heart was the center of human cognition.
4564:
2456:), this normal rhythm can be disrupted. Abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias may be asymptomatic or may cause palpitations, blackouts, or breathlessness. Some types of arrhythmia such as
2379:
540:
9794:
Schipp, R., von
Boletzky, S., Jakobs, P. et al. A congenital malformation of the systemic heart complex inSepia officinalis L. (Cephalopoda). HelgolĂ€nder Meeresunters. 52, 29â40 (1998).
3363:), the mainstay of heart failure treatment is with medication. These include drugs to prevent fluid from accumulating in the lungs by increasing the amount of urine a patient produces (
1760:. This states that the force of contraction is directly proportional to the initial length of muscle fiber, meaning a ventricle will contract more forcefully, the more it is stretched.
2596:), causing breathlessness and a lower rate of growth. More minor forms of congenital heart disease may remain undetected for many years and only reveal themselves in adult life (e.g.,
1522:
2414:). Valvular heart disease may cause breathlessness, blackouts, or chest pain, but may be asymptomatic and only detected on a routine examination by hearing abnormal heart sounds or a
6506:
7552:
Kolh, Philippe; Windecker, Stephan; Alfonso, Fernando; Collet, Jean-Philippe; Cremer, Jochen; Falk, Volkmar; Filippatos, Gerasimos; Hamm, Christian; Head, Stuart J. (October 2014).
4349:
A cross section of a three-chambered adult amphibian heart. Note the single ventricle. The purple regions represent areas where mixing of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood occurs.
3224:, avoiding the need for a valve replacement. Heart valves can also be treated percutaneously, using techniques that share many similarities with percutaneous coronary intervention.
1482:
heart begins beating at around 22 days after conception (5 weeks after the last normal menstrual period, LMP). It starts to beat at a rate near to the mother's which is about 75â80
4294:
ranging from those of the smallest mice (12 mg) to the blue whale (600 kg). In vertebrates, the heart lies in the middle of the ventral part of the body, surrounded by a
1864:, tissue within the heart that the electrical signal cannot pass through, which forces the signal to pass through the atrioventricular node only. The signal then travels along the
1381:
and provides parasympathetic stimulation to a large number of organs in the thorax and abdomen, including the heart. The nerves from the sympathetic trunk emerge through the T1-T4
599:
2821:
2588:
Some congenital heart defects allow blood that is low in oxygen that would normally be returned to the lungs to instead be pumped back to the rest of the body. These are known as
6547:
3524:
624:
3386:
can be used to improve the heart's pumping efficiency. These devices are frequently combined with a defibrillator. In very severe cases of heart failure, a small pump called a
1486:(bpm). The embryonic heart rate then accelerates and reaches a peak rate of 165â185 bpm early in the early 7th week (early 9th week after the LMP). After 9 weeks (start of the
1729:
The average cardiac output, using an average stroke volume of about 70mL, is 5.25 L/min, with a normal range of 4.0â8.0 L/min. The stroke volume is normally measured using an
6750:
Kirchhof, Paulus; Benussi, Stefano; Kotecha, Dipak; Ahlsson, Anders; Atar, Dan; Casadei, Barbara; Castella, Manuel; Diener, Hans-Christoph; Heidbuchel, Hein (November 2016).
3874:
or metaphysical heart was believed to be formed from one drop of blood from the child's mother's heart, taken at conception. To ancient
Egyptians, the heart was the seat of
3309:
to prevent further heart rhythm disturbances. Whilst the majority of arrhythmias can be treated using minimally invasive catheter techniques, some arrhythmias (particularly
2875:
S4 is referred to as an atrial gallop and is produced by the sound of blood being forced into a stiff ventricle. The combined presence of S3 and S4 give a quadruple gallop.
1600:
returns deoxygenated blood from the myocardium to the right atrium. The blood collects in the right atrium. When the right atrium contracts, the blood is pumped through the
1020:
The left ventricle is much thicker as compared with the right, due to the greater force needed to pump blood to the entire body. Like the right ventricle, the left also has
576:
328:. Fish, in contrast, have two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle, while most reptiles have three chambers. In a healthy heart, blood flows one way through the heart due to
5809:
Lindskog, Cecilia; Linné, Jerker; Fagerberg, Linn; Hallström, Björn M.; Sundberg, Carl Johan; Lindholm, Malene; Huss, Mikael; Kampf, Caroline; Choi, Howard (25 June 2015).
1151:, the unique ability to initiate a cardiac action potential at a fixed rateâspreading the impulse rapidly from cell to cell to trigger the contraction of the entire heart.
805:
gives structure to the heart. It forms the atrioventricular septum, which separates the atria from the ventricles, and the fibrous rings, which serve as bases for the four
5396:
D; Yarnell, J; Zamorano, JL; Walma, E; Fitzgerald, T; Cooney, MT; Dudina, A; European
Society of Cardiology (ESC) Committee for Practice Guidelines, (CPG) (October 2007).
4525:, the conus arteriosus is very small and can more accurately be described as part of the aorta rather than of the heart proper. The conus arteriosus is not present in any
2819:
403:, where it receives oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium, passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through the
3600:
in 1964, using a chimpanzee heart, but the patient died within 2 hours. The first human to human heart transplantation was performed in 1967 by the South
African surgeon
2863:
into two distinct sounds, either as a result of inspiration or different valvular or cardiac problems. Additional heart sounds may also be present and these give rise to
2637:(LQTS) - Mostly hereditary. On EKG can be observed as longer corrected QT interval (QTc). Characterized by fainting, sudden, life-threatening heart rhythm disturbances -
2000:
in the membrane of the sinoatrial cells. The potassium and calcium start to move out of and into the cell only once it has a sufficiently high charge, and so are called
4490:. From here, blood flows into the atrium and then to the powerful muscular ventricle where the main pumping action will take place. The fourth and final chamber is the
3655:
had surpassed infectious disease as the leading cause of death in the United States, and it is currently the leading cause of deaths worldwide. Since 1948, the ongoing
2418:. In the developed world, valvular heart disease is most commonly caused by degeneration secondary to old age, but may also be caused by infection of the heart valves (
2406:
Healthy heart valves allow blood to flow easily in one direction, and prevent it from flowing in the other direction. A diseased heart valve may have a narrow opening (
3855:, is used in these meanings, as the seat of emotion, the mind, and referring to the anatomical organ. It is also connected in function and symbolism to the stomach.
8498:
1573:. The systemic circulation then transports oxygen to the body and returns carbon dioxide and relatively deoxygenated blood to the heart for transfer to the lungs.
958:, which is immediately above and to the middle of the opening of the inferior vena cava. In the wall of the right atrium is an oval-shaped depression known as the
5994:
3659:
has shed light on the effects of various influences on the heart, including diet, exercise, and common medications such as aspirin. Although the introduction of
2561:
Some people are born with hearts that are abnormal and these abnormalities are known as congenital heart defects. They may range from the relatively minor (e.g.
3620:, the first recipient of a donated heart, died 18 days after the operation while other patients did not survive for more than a few weeks. The American surgeon
2095:
can increase the heart rate. The levels of electrolytes including calcium, potassium, and sodium can also influence the speed and regularity of the heart rate;
2617:
can be categorized based on the organ system they affect. In the cardiovascular system, the electrical impulse required for each heart beat is provided by the
1139:. The pacemaker cells make up 1% of cells and form the conduction system of the heart. They are generally much smaller than the contractile cells and have few
3301:
in the leg to the heart to find the abnormal area of tissue that is causing the arrhythmia. The abnormal tissue can be intentionally damaged, or ablated, by
2650:
981:, ridges of cardiac muscle covered by endocardium. In addition to these muscular ridges, a band of cardiac muscle, also covered by endocardium, known as the
966:. Most of the internal surface of the right atrium is smooth, the depression of the fossa ovalis is medial, and the anterior surface has prominent ridges of
881:
The heart has four valves, which separate its chambers. One valve lies between each atrium and ventricle, and one valve rests at the exit of each ventricle.
9807:
2930:
Other blood tests are often taken to help understand a person's general health and risk factors that may contribute to heart disease. These often include a
2919:(BNP) can be used to evaluate for the presence of heart failure, and rises when there is increased demand on the left ventricle. These tests are considered
2820:
7952:
7626:
10585:
5679:
7041:
5163:
3616:, capturing the attention of both the medical profession and the world at large. However, long-term survival rates of patients were initially very low.
427:
and other substances are exchanged between blood vessels and cells, losing oxygen and gaining carbon dioxideâbefore being returned to the heart through
5507:
2592:
and are often more serious. Major congenital heart defects are often picked up in childhood, shortly after birth, or even before a child is born (e.g.
2483:
or tachyarrhythmia. These arrhythmias can take many forms and can originate from different structures within the heartâsome arise from the atria (e.g.
1028:. The left ventricle pumps blood to the body through the aortic valve and into the aorta. Two small openings above the aortic valve carry blood to the
4132:
Animal hearts are widely consumed as food. As they are almost entirely muscle, they are high in protein. They are often included in dishes with other
3532:. Harvey's book completely describes the systemic circulation and the mechanical force of the heart, leading to an overhaul of the Galenic doctrines.
1921:
6117:
2988:
and involves the placement of ten leads on the body. This produces a "12 lead" ECG (three extra leads are calculated mathematically, and one lead is
7071:
Skinner JR, Winbo A, Abrams D, Vohra J, Wilde AA (January 2019). "Channelopathies That Lead to Sudden Cardiac Death: Clinical and Genetic Aspects".
5185:
de Lussanet, Marc H.E.; Osse, Jan W.M. (2012). "An ancestral axial twist explains the contralateral forebrain and the optic chiasm in vertebrates".
2065:, sensing the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and its pH. Through a series of reflexes these help regulate and sustain blood flow.
8877:
8554:
5913:
4537:
3482:
In Europe, the teachings of Galen continued to dominate the academic community and his doctrines were adopted as the official canon of the Church.
722:, the left lung is smaller than the right lung and has a cardiac notch in its border to accommodate the heart. The heart is cone-shaped, with its
449:
are the most common cause of death globally as of 2008, accounting for 30% of all human deaths. Of these more than three-quarters are a result of
2382:
1123:
of the conducting system. The muscle cells make up the bulk (99%) of cells in the atria and ventricles. These contractile cells are connected by
2426:
is a major cause of valvular heart disease, typically leading to mitral or aortic stenosis and caused by the body's immune system reacting to a
2410:), that restricts the flow of blood in the forward direction. A valve may otherwise be leaky, allowing blood to leak in the reverse direction (
924:
and also is not attached to papillary muscles. This too has three cusps which close with the pressure of the blood flowing back from the aorta.
5705:
3173:
If the narrowings in coronary arteries are unsuitable for treatment with a percutaneous coronary intervention, open surgery may be required. A
543:
3565:
2855:
S1, is the sound created by the closing of the atrioventricular valves during ventricular contraction and is normally described as "lub". The
1222:
against other structures within the chest, to keep the heart's position stabilised within the chest, and to protect the heart from infection.
1085:
of the veins and arteries of the heart, and is joined to the myocardium with a thin layer of connective tissue. The endocardium, by secreting
3636:. As of March 2000, more than 55,000 heart transplantations have been performed worldwide. The first successful transplant of a heart from a
1781:. These agents can be a result of changes within the body, or be given as drugs as part of treatment for a medical disorder, or as a form of
1490:
stage) it starts to decelerate, slowing to around 145 (±25) bpm at birth. There is no difference in female and male heart rates before birth.
213:
3278:). In some arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation which increase the risk of stroke, this risk can be reduced using anticoagulants such as
1632:
and into the aorta through the aortic valve for systemic circulation. The aorta is a large artery that branches into many smaller arteries,
884:
The valves between the atria and ventricles are called the atrioventricular valves. Between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the
4020:
system of belief. The most common form of human sacrifice practiced by the Aztecs was heart-extraction. The Aztec believed that the heart (
3463:
9716:
6310:
9854:
9747:
9685:
9651:
9263:
8659:
6284:
4984:
4950:
2569:). Common abnormalities include those that affect the heart muscle that separates the two side of the heart (a "hole in the heart", e.g.
2283:
Heart failure is defined as a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the demands of the body. Patients with
10010:
8616:
8532:
4732:
3011:
and in detecting insufficient blood supply to the heart. Sometimes abnormalities are suspected, but not immediately visible on the ECG.
1756:
affected by a person's blood volume. The force of each contraction of the heart muscle is proportional to the preload, described as the
9294:
3254:) can be treated using antiarrhythmic drugs. These may work by manipulating the flow of electrolytes across the cell membrane (such as
3163:, lifestyle measures such as stopping smoking and weight loss, and treatment of risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
1777:
The strength of heart muscle contractions controls the stroke volume. This can be influenced positively or negatively by agents termed
6539:
3903:
was believed to be the center of intelligence and feeling, and needed in the afterlife. It was thought that the heart was examined by
10808:
10425:
4421:
have been replaced by a spiral valve that divides it into two parallel parts, thereby helping to keep the two bloodstreams separate.
3556:
1818:
1682:
At the beginning of the cardiac cycle, the ventricles are relaxing. As they do so, they are filled by blood passing through the open
1294:
is a large vein that drains into the right atrium, and receives most of the venous drainage of the heart. It receives blood from the
809:. The cardiac skeleton also provides an important boundary in the heart's electrical conduction system since collagen cannot conduct
7139:
8371:
3116:
Diseases affecting the heart can be treated by a variety of methods including lifestyle modification, drug treatment, and surgery.
11080:
9583:
7380:
6084:
10578:
10040:
6484:
5343:
4708:
3536:(1865â1944) was a German physiologist; among his many published works are detailed studies of this important heart relationship.
1628:, oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. It is then pumped into the left ventricle through the
3700:
2679:- a genetic disorder characterized by an abnormal EKG and is one of the most common causes of sudden cardiac death in young men.
1268:. Blood flow through the coronary vessels occurs in peaks and troughs relating to the heart muscle's relaxation or contraction.
8201:
Miniati, Douglas N.; Robbins, Robert C. (2002). "Heart transplantation: a thirty-year perspective: A Thirty-Year Perspective".
3225:
2504:
3997:, or emotion, often disregarding the brain as contributing to those functions. The identification of the heart as the seat of
9940:
9921:
9902:
9883:
9848:
9775:
9741:
9710:
9679:
9645:
9472:
9397:
9367:
9336:
9288:
9257:
9107:
8861:
8836:
8639:
8610:
8577:
8526:
8479:
8454:
8404:
8347:
8322:
7468:
7340:
7295:
6803:
6431:
6180:
6155:
5889:
5735:
5625:
5490:
5379:
5157:
4978:
4944:
4917:
4875:
2656:
977:
The right atrium is connected to the right ventricle by the tricuspid valve. The walls of the right ventricle are lined with
9781:
9478:
9403:
9203:
Dobson, Geoffrey P (August 2003). "On Being the Right Size: Heart Design, Mitochondrial Efficiency and Lifespan Potential".
7474:
6405:
4669:
4051:
which gained prominence from the mid sixteenth century. This tradition influenced the development of the medieval Christian
2927:
provides information about the heart's blood supply, but is used less frequently because it is less specific and sensitive.
731:
can have much larger hearts due to the effects of exercise on the heart muscle, similar to the response of skeletal muscle.
9873:
2307:), or both ventricles. Patients with heart failure are at higher risk of developing dangerous heart rhythm disturbances or
2236:âa build-up of fatty material along the inner walls of the arteries. These fatty deposits known as atherosclerotic plaques
1911:
4681:
2012:. When the membrane potential reaches approximately â60 mV, the potassium channels close and the process may begin again.
8776:
8495:
4693:
3930:
character for "heart", ćż, derives from a comparatively realistic depiction of a heart (indicating the heart chambers) in
1965:, a group of pacemaking cells found in the wall of the right atrium. Cells in the sinoatrial node do this by creating an
360:, the heart has an asymmetric orientation, almost always on the left side. According to one theory, this is caused by a
10571:
8802:
7527:
3167:
2593:
6237:
De Ponti, Roberto; et al. (2002). "Electroanatomic Analysis of Sinus Impulse Propagation in Normal Human Atria".
4744:
4586:). This blood slowly permeates the heart through many small one-way channels. The heart then pumps the blood into the
2786:
710:
The largest part of the heart is usually slightly offset to the left side of the chest (though occasionally it may be
10101:
9982:
9191:
9170:
9131:
9075:
9054:
9030:
8708:
8144:
6069:
5990:
3383:
2325:
Cardiomyopathies are diseases affecting the muscle of the heart. Some cause abnormal thickening of the heart muscle (
792:
695:. The upper part of the heart is located at the level of the third costal cartilage. The lower tip of the heart, the
2523:. This condition typically causes chest pain that may spread to the back, and is often caused by a viral infection (
10096:
2627:
8966:
8238:
9815:
8916:
8265:
4093:, but while Ovid describes Cupid as wounding his victims with his arrows, it is not made explicit that it is the
3648:, recipient was David Bennett (57) this successfully extended his life until 8 March 2022 (1 month and 30 days).
2566:
2427:
2008:
open, allowing potassium to leave the cell. This causes the cell to have a negative resting charge and is called
1872:
through to the ventricles of the heart. In the ventricles the signal is carried by specialized tissue called the
8941:
7993:
7618:
8891:
7960:
7164:
5240:"Opposite asymmetries of face and trunk and of kissing and hugging, as predicted by the axial twist hypothesis"
4487:
4113:
3174:
3129:
3070:
2488:
2372:
2187:
1591:. Blood collects in the right and left atrium continuously. The superior vena cava drains blood from above the
1436:
The heart is the first functional organ to develop and starts to beat and pump blood at about three weeks into
1363:
1323:
384:
6198:"Electrical Conduction Between the Right Atrium and the Left Atrium via the Musculature of the Coronary Sinus"
5671:
5459:
4825:
cause the valves to open. The pressure difference between the blood in the atria and the ventricles does this.
3978:. In Sanskrit, it may mean both the anatomical object and "mind" or "soul", representing the seat of emotion.
932:
The right heart consists of two chambers, the right atrium and the right ventricle, separated by a valve, the
10721:
7858:
4834:
Depolarisation of the ventricles occurs concurrently, but is not significant enough to be detected on an ECG.
3637:
2338:
2001:
533:
9386:
Grimm, Kurt A.; Lamont, Leigh A.; Tranquilli, William J.; Greene, Stephen A.; Robertson, Sheilah A. (2015).
5515:
3423:
are considered to have been the primary seat of scientific understanding of the heart in the ancient world.
2503:), while others are caused by additional abnormal conduction tissue that has been present since birth (e.g.
1354:
also influence the force of heart contraction. Signals that travel along these nerves arise from two paired
11098:
10853:
10831:
4720:
4582:
have an open circulatory system. In this system, deoxygenated blood collects around the heart in cavities (
3585:
several months later. These structures form the anatomical basis of the electrocardiogram, whose inventor,
3541:
3325:
3245:
3144:
3062:
3058:
2996:
1155:
788:
3522:
A breakthrough in understanding the flow of blood through the heart and body came with the publication of
1370:
act to increase the heart rate. These nerves form a network of nerves that lies over the heart called the
11093:
10838:
10503:
10280:
10033:
5811:"The human cardiac and skeletal muscle proteomes defined by transcriptomics and antibody-based profiling"
4851:
3078:
2662:
2411:
2326:
2291:. Heart failure is the result of many diseases affecting the heart, but is most commonly associated with
1980:
When the sinoatrial cells are resting, they have a negative charge on their membranes. A rapid influx of
1448:
17:
9995:, BBC Radio 4 interdisciplinary discussion with David Wootton, Fay Bound Alberti & Jonathan Sawday (
8724:
4631:, and one "systemic heart". The branchial hearts have two atria and one ventricle each, and pump to the
3143:), or to prevent a myocardial infarction from occurring. Medications to improve angina symptoms include
850:
The heart, showing valves, arteries and veins. The white arrows show the normal direction of blood flow.
10919:
3488:
3073:). A typical echocardiography report will include information about the width of the valves noting any
2519:
The sac which surrounds the heart, called the pericardium, can become inflamed in a condition known as
2334:
2017:
1790:
1404:
1351:
1078:
612:
2789:
showing the mitral valve (right), tricuspid and mitral valves (top left) and aortic valve (top right).
1988:
and occurs spontaneously. Once the cell has a sufficiently high charge, the sodium channels close and
1852:, such that the muscles of the left and right atria contract together. The signal then travels to the
11187:
11123:
11070:
10946:
10926:
10890:
10813:
10773:
10594:
10304:
9978:
Dissection review of the anatomy of the Human Heart including vessels, internal and external features
8203:
6752:"2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS"
4384:
4324:
4047:, there has been a long tradition of veneration of the heart, stemming from worship of the wounds of
3863:
3533:
3387:
3283:
2916:
2904:
Blood tests play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of many cardiovascular conditions.
2889:
2570:
1640:
and veins that ultimately collect in the superior and inferior vena cavae, and into the right heart.
1272:
1271:
Heart tissue receives blood from two arteries which arise just above the aortic valve. These are the
108:
9966:
9493:
6030:
11182:
10941:
10931:
10821:
9893:
Longo, Dan; Fauci, Anthony; Kasper, Dennis; Hauser, Stephen; Jameson, J.; Loscalzo, Joseph (2011).
5701:
5370:
Longo, Dan; Fauci, Anthony; Kasper, Dennis; Hauser, Stephen; Jameson, J.; Loscalzo, Joseph (2011).
5147:
4060:
3941:
3908:
3502:
3321:, whereby an electric shock is used to stun the heart out of an abnormal rhythm, may also be used.
3186:
2893:
2618:
2578:
2524:
2508:
2207:
1970:
1828:
1757:
1738:
1280:
1128:
664:
312:
In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right
196:
3015:
can be used to provoke an abnormality or an ECG can be worn for a longer period such as a 24-hour
954:. A small amount of blood from the coronary circulation also drains into the right atrium via the
11128:
11060:
11005:
10906:
10826:
10710:
10688:
10284:
10197:
10165:
10153:
6387:"Resting pulse rate reference data for children, adolescents and adults, United States 1999â2008"
3945:
3625:
3407:
3356:
3302:
3255:
3241:
3125:
2713:
2556:
2496:
2492:
2423:
2304:
2292:
2227:
2087:, and even a person's emotional state can all affect the heart rate. High levels of the hormones
1857:
1806:
1733:
and can be influenced by the size of the heart, physical and mental condition of the individual,
799:
784:
760:
671:
surrounds the heart and attaches to the mediastinum. The back surface of the heart lies near the
660:
450:
10706:
9494:"Cardiovascular Dynamics in Crocodylus Porosus Breathing Air And During Voluntary Aerobic Dives"
4398:
due to gravitational change. The ventricle is incompletely separated into two-halves by a wall (
3390:
may be implanted which supplements the heart's own pumping ability. In the most severe cases, a
3108:. They are also useful for evaluating the aorta, the major blood vessel which leaves the heart.
2774:
is felt for any transmitted vibrations from the heart, and then listened to with a stethoscope.
2511:, in which the ventricles quiver rather than contract, and which if untreated is rapidly fatal.
2016:
have a prolonged "plateau" phase when they have a positive charge. A part of this is called the
11065:
11055:
10969:
10715:
10673:
10668:
10522:
10300:
10272:
10264:
10026:
9700:
9359:
9353:
7249:
7114:
6306:
6025:
3656:
3652:
3605:
3496:
was interpreted as a challenge to the authorities and he was subjected to a number of attacks.
3259:
3209:
3202:
2885:
2354:
2333:), some cause the heart muscle to become stiff and unable to fully relax between contractions (
2330:
2296:
2199:
2183:
1879:
1395:
1311:
1299:
1284:
1105:
971:
756:
704:
446:
232:
220:
208:
144:
31:
9838:
9731:
9669:
9635:
9247:
6280:
4934:
4498:. The ventral aorta delivers blood to the gills where it is oxygenated and flows, through the
3640:
pig to a human in which the patient lived for a longer time, was performed January 7, 2022 in
2665:(BER) - common in younger and active people, especially men, because it is affected by higher
2287:
may experience breathlessness especially when lying flat, as well as ankle swelling, known as
1713:
The x-axis reflects time with a recording of the heart sounds. The y-axis represents pressure.
779:. Similarly, the left atrium and the left ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the
443:
temporarily increases the rate, but lowers it in the long term, and is good for heart health.
379:. These generate an electric current that causes the heart to contract, traveling through the
10914:
10445:
10350:
10318:
10192:
10111:
9977:
9551:"Dynamic Anatomical Study of Cardiac Shunting in Crocodiles Using High-Resolution Angioscopy"
8671:
8665:
8594:
8516:
8016:
7657:"The Beliefs, Myths, and Reality Surrounding the Word Hema (Blood) from Homer to the Present"
4179:
4056:
3624:
has been credited for his efforts to improve transplantation techniques, along with pioneers
3597:
3593:
3570:
3391:
3376:
3140:
2951:
2939:
2623:
2589:
2449:
2194:. Many other medical professionals are involved in treating diseases of the heart, including
2053:
1853:
1562:
1467:
1355:
1279:. The left main coronary artery splits shortly after leaving the aorta into two vessels, the
1276:
1037:
1010:
963:
396:
380:
333:
104:
9278:
3684:
3089:
involves either direct exercise, or where this is not possible, injection of a drug such as
2884:
by which they are heard, and site at which they are heard loudest. Murmurs may be caused by
1158:
in cardiac muscle cells. These are mostly associated with muscle contraction, and bind with
10663:
10646:
10547:
10440:
10376:
10296:
10268:
10215:
10116:
9099:
7815:
6990:
6918:"ESC Guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart disease (new version 2010)"
4700:
3719:
3458:
3178:
3105:
3081:) and information about the blood volumes at the end of systole and diastole, including an
2989:
2747:
2669:
levels, which cause increased potassium currents, which further causes an elevation of the
2597:
2562:
2536:
2084:
1927:
Heart sounds of a 16 year old girl immediately after running, with a heart rate of 186 BPM.
1849:
1766:, or how much pressure the heart must generate to eject blood at systole, is influenced by
1752:
1742:
1558:
1441:
1239:
1033:
959:
718:
is stronger and larger, since it pumps to all body parts. Because the heart is between the
408:
10563:
9705:. Stevens, E Don; Cech, Jr., Joseph J; Richards, Jeffrey G. Academic Press. p. 2315.
8162:"Recollections of the Early Years of Heart Transplantation and the Total Artificial Heart"
7506:
2976:
1860:, the boundary between the right atrium and the left ventricle. The septum is part of the
998:
The left heart has two chambers: the left atrium and the left ventricle, separated by the
857:
683:. The upper part of the heart is the attachment point for several large blood vesselsâthe
8:
11010:
10848:
10843:
10678:
10651:
10498:
10081:
9962:
Heart surgeon Bartley P Griffith talks about the unique transplant of pig heart to human.
9549:
Axelsson, Michael; Craig, Franklin; Löfman, Carl; Nilsson, Stefan; Crigg, Gordon (1996).
8420:
8239:"2022 News - IN MEMORIAM: David Bennett, Sr. | University of Maryland School of Medicine"
8216:
4595:
3986:
3645:
3310:
3221:
3086:
3012:
2971:
2725:
2693:
2638:
2582:
2472:
2457:
2258:
1789:. Inotropes that increase the force of contraction are "positive" inotropes, and include
1786:
1767:
1437:
1422:
1303:
1077:
The innermost layer of the heart is called the endocardium. It is made up of a lining of
772:
768:
482:
470:
136:
42:
9609:
7724:
7707:
6994:
3825:
3808:
3355:
As well as addressing the underlying cause for a patient's heart failure (most commonly
2763:
2641:
type ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and risk of sudden cardiac death.
1977:
into and out of the pacemaker cells. The action potential then spreads to nearby cells.
1143:
which gives them limited contractibility. Their function is similar in many respects to
11118:
10983:
10736:
10542:
10510:
10170:
10143:
10091:
9550:
9516:
9228:
9148:
8871:
8548:
8379:
8362:
8290:
8087:
7985:
7930:
7903:
Bondke Persson, A.; Persson, P. B. (2014). "Form and function in the vascular system".
7880:
7853:
7791:
7683:
7656:
7372:
7226:
7191:
7096:
7022:
6872:
6855:
6650:
6476:
6262:
6081:
6043:
5907:
5845:
5810:
5791:
5571:
5335:
5266:
5239:
5220:
5194:
4514:
4446:
4311:
4273:
4236:
4172:
4106:
4052:
3601:
2943:
2872:
2856:
2705:
2544:
2500:
2161:
2052:
of the heart, giving the resting heart rate, is influenced by a number of factors. The
2029:
2005:
1954:
1692:
1675:, while the period during which the ventricles relax and refill with blood is known as
1610:
1592:
1585:
1581:
1550:
1501:
1452:
1307:
1295:
1021:
978:
948:
944:
896:
named the anterior, posterior, and septal muscles, after their relative positions. The
844:
657:
436:
392:
388:
361:
270:
140:
132:
124:
120:
80:
8829:
Nelson's Dictionary of Christianity: The Authoritative Resource on the Christian World
8030:
8011:
4468:
Blood flow through the fish heart: sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and outflow tract
3514:
3228:
is increasingly used for patients consider very high risk for open valve replacement.
1427:
477:, among others. Cardiovascular diseases do not frequently have symptoms but may cause
10754:
10726:
10552:
10480:
10430:
10276:
10175:
10160:
10148:
10076:
10071:
10004:
9936:
9917:
9898:
9879:
9844:
9771:
9737:
9706:
9675:
9641:
9575:
9468:
9443:
9393:
9363:
9332:
9284:
9253:
9220:
9216:
9187:
9166:
9127:
9103:
9071:
9068:
Classic Russian Cuisine: A Magnificent Selection of More Than 400 Traditional Recipes
9050:
9026:
8857:
8832:
8704:
8635:
8606:
8573:
8522:
8475:
8450:
8400:
8343:
8318:
8282:
8220:
8183:
8178:
8161:
8140:
8092:
8074:
8035:
7977:
7922:
7905:
7885:
7834:
7783:
7778:
7761:
7729:
7688:
7583:
7575:
7519:
7511:
7464:
7336:
7291:
7286:
Davidson, Sir Stanley; Colledge, Nicki R.; Walker, Brian R.; Ralston, Stuart (2010).
7231:
7213:
7088:
7053:
7014:
7006:
6947:
6939:
6885:
6877:
6836:
6828:
6781:
6773:
6717:
6709:
6654:
6642:
6634:
6427:
6397:
6367:
6254:
6250:
6219:
6176:
6151:
6065:
5895:
5885:
5850:
5832:
5783:
5775:
5621:
5563:
5555:
5486:
5422:
5375:
5271:
5212:
5153:
4974:
4940:
4913:
4871:
4543:
4163:
3887:
3633:
3629:
3412:
3317:
surgery, either at the time of other cardiac surgery or as a standalone procedure. A
3290:
3152:
3100:
and other forms of imaging can help evaluate the heart's size, evaluate for signs of
3082:
2896:
can be heard in cases of pericarditis where the inflamed membranes can rub together.
2868:
2852:
2644:
2581:). More complex syndromes are seen that affect more than one part of the heart (e.g.
2540:
2495:). Some tachyarrhythmias are caused by scarring within the heart (e.g. some forms of
2342:
2269:
can all increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
2165:
2077:
1719:
1709:
1456:
1418:
1367:
1359:
1347:
1218:
1124:
1120:
1014:
874:
775:. The right atrium and the right ventricle together are sometimes referred to as the
752:
502:
440:
341:
317:
9987:
9956:
9520:
9232:
8340:
Medicine in the Bible and the Talmud : selections from classical Jewish sources
7934:
7871:
7795:
7100:
6047:
5575:
2035:
The adult resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 bpm. The resting heart rate of a
11103:
10698:
10314:
10210:
10180:
9565:
9508:
9433:
9212:
9143:
9087:
8294:
8274:
8212:
8173:
8082:
8070:
8066:
8025:
7989:
7969:
7914:
7875:
7867:
7824:
7773:
7719:
7678:
7668:
7565:
7501:
7456:
7221:
7203:
7080:
7026:
6998:
6929:
6867:
6818:
6763:
6699:
6626:
6618:
6357:
6266:
6246:
6209:
6035:
5840:
5822:
5767:
5727:
5547:
5412:
5261:
5251:
5224:
5204:
4499:
4491:
4418:
4246:
4223:
4183:
4154:
3927:
3617:
3586:
3497:
3483:
3251:
3237:
3101:
3042:
2931:
2759:
2676:
2634:
2308:
2288:
2025:
1966:
1861:
1662:
1483:
1382:
967:
913:
893:
889:
862:
802:
680:
672:
466:
387:. In humans, deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the right atrium from the
156:
100:
9092:
7829:
7810:
6016:
DuBose, T. J.; Cunyus, J. A.; Johnson, L. (1990). "Embryonic Heart Rate and Age".
5795:
5551:
2673:
on the EKG. In very rare cases, it can lead to ventricular fibrillation and death.
1005:
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood back from the lungs via one of the four
10953:
10683:
10460:
10455:
10435:
10308:
10292:
10288:
10086:
9765:
9462:
9387:
8502:
8397:
Middle Egyptian : an introduction to the language and culture of hieroglyphs
8375:
8054:
7458:
6386:
6088:
4968:
4628:
4548:
4518:
4507:
4458:
4213:
4198:
4191:
4137:
3952:
3821:
3775:
3764:
3613:
3582:
3548:
3537:
3435:
noted blood circulating cyclically from the body through the heart to the lungs.
3213:
3034:
3028:
2754:
near the wrist, in order to assess for the rhythm and strength of the pulse. The
2709:
2689:
2614:
2574:
2528:
2445:
2246:
2233:
2211:
2169:
2157:
2092:
1962:
1873:
1869:
1840:
1687:
1601:
1314:
drain the front of the right ventricle and drain directly into the right atrium.
1253:
1148:
987:
933:
909:
885:
866:
764:
700:
692:
486:
376:
372:
282:
254:
201:
96:
8725:"'Listen to your heart': Indigenous elders channel tough love in Earth Day film"
4907:
2565:, arguably a variant of normal) to serious life-threatening abnormalities (e.g.
2479:). In other arrhythmias the heart may beat abnormally rapidly, referred to as a
549:
Sounds of a healthy 16-year-old child's heart beating normally, as heard with a
11177:
11113:
11038:
11030:
10624:
10611:
10417:
10358:
10340:
10254:
10138:
8263:
Neubauer, Stefan (15 March 2007). "The Failing Heart â An Engine Out of Fuel".
8012:"Why Does the Heart Beat?: The Discovery of the Electrical System of the Heart"
7973:
6934:
6917:
6039:
5417:
4395:
4257:
4146:
4121:
3935:
3795:
3756:
3621:
3581:
to look for similar structures in the heart, leading to their discovery of the
3529:
3506:(1553) that blood flows from one side of the heart to the other via the lungs.
3420:
3338:
3329:
3298:
3133:
3037:
methods can be used to assess the anatomy and function of the heart, including
3016:
2812:
2755:
2734:
The cardiac examination includes inspection, feeling the chest with the hands (
2701:
2532:
2484:
2320:
2300:
2250:
2100:
2009:
1985:
1730:
1704:
1597:
1566:
1387:
1371:
1291:
1136:
1101:
1049:
1025:
1006:
982:
955:
908:
Two additional semilunar valves sit at the exit of each of the ventricles. The
748:
506:
313:
286:
128:
59:
9961:
7290:(21st ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. 522â536.
7084:
6823:
6806:
6768:
6751:
6214:
6197:
5827:
5282:
3289:
If medications fail to control an arrhythmia, another treatment option may be
2946:
is often required to ensure that the right level of anticoagulation is given.
939:
The right atrium receives blood almost continuously from the body's two major
838:
With the atria and major vessels removed, all four valves are clearly visible.
11171:
10731:
10641:
10634:
10619:
10450:
9972:
9447:
9042:
8078:
7579:
7515:
7217:
7140:"Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: MedlinePlus Genetics"
7057:
7010:
6943:
6881:
6832:
6777:
6713:
6638:
5899:
5836:
5779:
5559:
5216:
5208:
4912:. Wolters Kluwel Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 127â173.
4646:
have a central "heart", which is a vesicle formed from the thickening of the
4643:
4479:
4340:
4336:
4253:
4079:
3859:
3660:
3552:
3476:
3372:
3350:
3318:
3189:) is used to redirect blood from a point before the narrowing (typically the
3182:
2947:
2864:
2751:
2609:
2467:
Some arrhythmias cause the heart to beat abnormally slowly, referred to as a
2284:
2278:
2062:
1865:
1798:
1723:
1649:
1471:
1460:
1391:
1334:
1191:
1131:
from the pacemaker cells. The intercalated discs allow the cells to act as a
1116:
633:
514:
225:
184:
9992:
9840:
Comparative Animal Physiology, Environmental and Metabolic Animal Physiology
7487:
7208:
6978:
5771:
4605:
3177:
can be performed, whereby a blood vessel from another part of the body (the
3019:
if a suspected rhythm abnormality is not present at the time of assessment.
2232:
Coronary artery disease, also known as ischemic heart disease, is caused by
11145:
11135:
11108:
10997:
10988:
10785:
10759:
10366:
10362:
10354:
10260:
9224:
8750:
8286:
8224:
8187:
8110:
8096:
8039:
7981:
7926:
7889:
7838:
7787:
7733:
7692:
7587:
7570:
7553:
7523:
7489:
7235:
7092:
7018:
6951:
6889:
6840:
6785:
6721:
6704:
6687:
6646:
6401:
6371:
6258:
5854:
5787:
5567:
5426:
5275:
4651:
4563:
4483:
4117:
4071:
4048:
4002:
3848:
3680:
3676:
3664:
3578:
3574:
3560:
3468:
3436:
3368:
3360:
3314:
3306:
3294:
3271:
3217:
3148:
3097:
2985:
2876:
2848:
2792:
2767:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2666:
2520:
2453:
2419:
2415:
2191:
2173:
2140:
2132:
2073:
2069:
2058:
2049:
1997:
1958:
1844:
1836:
1782:
1683:
1629:
1614:
1466:
Before the fifth week, there is an opening in the fetal heart known as the
1265:
1135:
and enable the contractions that pump blood through the heart and into the
1029:
999:
917:
897:
870:
822:
711:
490:
266:
75:
9579:
9570:
9438:
9421:
7673:
7594:
6223:
4967:
Reed, C. Roebuck; Brainerd, Lee Wherry; Lee, Rodney; Kaplan, Inc. (2008).
4547:
extends horizontally across the body, interlinked with the diamond-shaped
2444:
While in the healthy heart, waves of electrical impulses originate in the
2032:
of the cardiac muscle, and separate from the protein to allow relaxation.
1017:. The left atrium is connected to the left ventricle by the mitral valve.
675:, and the front surface known as the sternocostal surface sits behind the
11150:
11140:
10868:
10863:
10858:
10769:
10490:
10472:
10407:
10399:
10346:
10250:
10240:
10187:
8278:
6385:
Ostchega, Y; Porter, K. S.; Hughes, J; Dillon, C. F.; Nwankwo, T (2011).
6362:
6345:
5884:. Nielsen, Mark T. (Mark Thomas) (11th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley.
4655:
4602:
as the oxygen transporter. Haemoglobin is only used by a few arthropods.
4599:
4556:
4552:
4320:
4295:
4102:
4098:
4044:
3931:
3791:
3555:
were discovered as early as the 19th century, their specific role in the
3493:
3432:
3367:), and drugs that attempt to preserve the pumping function of the heart (
3334:
3046:
3000:
2959:
2881:
2828:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2266:
2203:
2151:
2104:
2088:
1974:
1606:
1588:
1343:
1211:
1167:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1074:. These are surrounded by a double-membraned sac called the pericardium.
1063:
810:
806:
776:
684:
668:
653:
550:
498:
494:
420:
357:
353:
337:
329:
321:
306:
160:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5587:
5585:
4852:
OpenStax College, Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax CNX. 30 July 2014.
4650:
and contracts to pump blood. This suggests a presence of it in the last
4399:
4231:, barbecued beef hearts are grilled after being tenderized through long
4190:
for chicken. Many recipes combined them with other giblets, such as the
4024:) was both the seat of the individual and a fragment of the Sun's heat (
2125:
1089:, may also play a role in regulating the contraction of the myocardium.
767:. There is an ear-shaped structure in the upper right atrium called the
320:. Commonly, the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the
11088:
10873:
10763:
10746:
10629:
10515:
10330:
10018:
9512:
7918:
6853:
6630:
5455:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5256:
4932:
4624:
4610:
4591:
4433:
4299:
4291:
4232:
4226:
4209:
4064:
3263:
3090:
3038:
2839:
2697:
2439:
2398:
2021:
1944:
1936:
1893:
1794:
1554:
1071:
1067:
780:
755:, the discharging chambers. The atria open into the ventricles via the
719:
715:
562:
510:
478:
462:
368:
349:
345:
325:
8572:(1st ed.). Brookline, Mass.: Paradigm Publications. p. 260.
7762:"Discovery of the cardiovascular system: from Galen to William Harvey"
5456:"Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body â 6. Surface Markings of the Thorax"
5311:
4583:
3771:
3382:
In some patients with heart failure, a specialised pacemaker known as
3151:, and calcium channel blockers, while preventative treatments include
2923:
because they are highly specific for cardiac disease. Testing for the
763:. This distinction is visible also on the surface of the heart as the
517:, although many specialties of medicine may be involved in treatment.
11020:
10791:
10658:
9795:
8655:
7854:"Ibn al-Nafis, the pulmonary circulation, and the Islamic Golden Age"
6622:
5634:
5597:
5582:
4776:
Arteries that contain deoxygenated blood, from the heart to the lungs
4639:
4618:
4575:
4568:
4429:
4403:
4376:
4166:
4140:
3990:
3982:
may be a cognate of the word for heart in Greek, Latin, and English.
3883:
3829:
3812:
3749:
3641:
3609:
3427:
considered the heart to be the organ responsible for creating blood;
3424:
3066:
3008:
2920:
2911:
2750:), joints and other areas. A person's pulse is taken, usually at the
2735:
2630:. Long QT syndrome is the most common form of cardiac channelopathy.
2215:
2195:
2096:
1993:
1984:
ions causes the membrane's charge to become positive; this is called
1823:
1805:. "Negative" inotropes decrease the force of contraction and include
1778:
1763:
1746:
1633:
1618:
1570:
1378:
1234:
Arterial supply to the heart (red), with other areas labelled (blue).
1140:
1132:
1058:
Layers of the heart wall, including visceral and parietal pericardium
951:
727:
disputed, as the heart is likely to be slightly larger. Well-trained
416:
9931:
Nicki R. Colledge; Brian R. Walker; Stuart H. Ralston, eds. (2010).
9021:
Abdennour, Samia (2010) "Firakh mahshiya wi mihammara", recipe 117,
7440:
7438:
7436:
7434:
7354:
7352:
7311:
7309:
7307:
7192:"Early Repolarization Syndrome: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach"
7002:
6914:
6325:
6094:
5949:
5947:
5294:
4996:
4994:
4463:
3784:
1565:
to and from the lungs. Blood in the pulmonary circulation exchanges
1244:
Heart tissue, like all cells in the body, needs to be supplied with
1230:
832:
11048:
10779:
9613:
8852:
Murray, Tom Devonshire Jones; Linda Murray; Peter (2013). "Heart".
6150:(7. ed.). London: Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 912â922.
4865:
4587:
4503:
4414:
4410:
4345:
4187:
4157:
4097:
that is wounded. The familiar iconography of Cupid shooting little
3833:
3364:
3279:
3275:
3074:
2907:
2860:
2535:). Fluid can build up within the pericardial sac, referred to as a
2407:
2262:
2237:
2136:
1802:
1771:
1676:
1657:
1249:
1171:
1109:
1100:
The middle layer of the heart wall is the myocardium, which is the
1096:
The swirling pattern of myocardium helps the heart pump effectively
962:, which is a remnant of an opening in the fetal heart known as the
743:
Heart being dissected showing right and left ventricles, from above
474:
424:
412:
301:
and is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the
278:
8917:"Bible Gateway passage: Proverbs 4:23 - New International Version"
5199:
4908:
Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M. R. (2009). "1".
2871:, S3 usually indicates an increase in ventricular blood volume. A
2139:. A number of diseases can be detected primarily by listening for
1350:. These nerves act to influence, but not control, the heart rate.
1054:
739:
238:
11043:
8942:"Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 6:21 - New International Version"
7431:
7419:
7349:
7304:
7267:
6958:
6896:
5971:
5944:
5932:
5861:
5651:
4991:
4579:
4526:
4522:
4380:
4316:
4306:
4150:
3998:
3975:
3960:
3879:
3875:
3589:, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1924.
3270:), or modify the autonomic nervous system's effect on the heart (
3267:
3156:
3050:
2935:
2892:, or may be heard in normal hearts. A different type of sound, a
2670:
2254:
2036:
1989:
1672:
1653:
1377:
The vagus nerve is a long, wandering nerve that emerges from the
728:
676:
580:
458:
38:
37:"Cardiac" redirects here. For the computer programming tool, see
8892:"Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 5:8 - New International Version"
8342:(Augm. ed.). Hoboken, NJ: KTAV Pub. House. pp. 87â96.
7457:
Armstrong, William F.; Ryan, Thomas; Feigenbaum, Harvey (2010).
6728:
6452:
6440:
6426:(11th ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. pp. 116â122.
4239:
recipe for "mock goose" is actually braised stuffed beef heart.
2573:). Other defects include those affecting the heart valves (e.g.
1774:) or contraction or relaxation of the peripheral blood vessels.
1459:
form here that fuse to form a primitive heart tube known as the
1081:
and covers heart chambers and valves. It is continuous with the
395:
and passes to the right ventricle. From here, it is pumped into
10883:
10878:
9914:
Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice
9331:. Philadelphia: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 437â442.
8967:"Bible Gateway passage: Proverbs 23:7 - New King James Version"
8474:. Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China p. 176.
8399:(3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 453, 465.
6685:
5808:
5756:
5536:
4884:
4441:
4287:
4284:
4028:). To this day, the Nahua consider the Sun to be a heart-soul (
3994:
3956:
3904:
3841:
3837:
3160:
3004:
2461:
2242:
1981:
1637:
1479:
1400:
1318:
1257:
1256:. This is achieved by the coronary circulation, which includes
1245:
1163:
1144:
703:) between the junction of the fourth and fifth ribs near their
645:
454:
428:
302:
274:
258:
87:
8521:(3rd ed.). Boulder, Colo.: Blue Poppy Press. p. 47.
7407:
6562:
4482:, which collects deoxygenated blood from the body through the
485:. Diagnosis of heart disease is often done by the taking of a
30:
This article is about the internal organ. For other uses, see
11015:
10372:
9283:. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 3.
8777:"Out of the Head, Into the Heart: The Way of the Human Being"
8683:
7811:"Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow"
7395:
7285:
6749:
6574:
5959:
5920:
5394:
4847:
4803:
Veins containing oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
4647:
4391:
4245:
heart is stewed, poached, braised, or made into sausage. The
4175:
4133:
4086:
4075:
4037:
4017:
4010:
4006:
3920:
3472:
3443:
3428:
3190:
2955:
2924:
2771:
2299:, or high blood pressure. Less common causes include various
1876:
which then transmit the electric charge to the heart muscle.
1596:
opening of the thin-walled coronary sinus. Additionally, the
1487:
1183:
1179:
1159:
921:
688:
640:
404:
294:
262:
172:
151:
92:
10003:
9935:(21st ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
8449:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 35â38.
5336:"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) Fact sheet N°317 March 2013"
3431:
considered the heart as the source of circulating blood and
2577:), or the main blood vessels that lead from the heart (e.g.
1306:(draining the bottom of the left and right ventricles), and
513:. Specialists who focus on diseases of the heart are called
10593:
9912:
Susan Standring; Neil R. Borley; et al., eds. (2008).
9702:
Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology: From Genome to Environment
9385:
4966:
4632:
4506:, the ventral aorta has divided in two; one half forms the
4437:
4242:
4219:
4090:
3916:
3449:
These ideas went unchallenged for almost a thousand years.
2782:
2337:) and some make the heart prone to abnormal heart rhythms (
1440:. This early start is crucial for subsequent embryonic and
1261:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1175:
940:
699:, lies to the left of the sternum (8 to 9 cm from the
586:
432:
400:
298:
290:
115:
9548:
9464:
Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians
8634:(repr ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 287.
7708:"The "Modern" View of Heart Failure: How Did We Get Here?"
7551:
6384:
3951:"spirit, consciousness". The heart is associated with the
1511:
575:
8605:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, pp. 71â83,
6601:
6346:"Ca exchange with troponin C and cardiac muscle dynamics"
4153:, and are often grilled on skewers; examples of this are
3054:
2329:), some cause the heart to abnormally expand and weaken (
1856:. This is found at the bottom of the right atrium in the
1770:. It can be influenced by narrowing of the heart valves (
1734:
9957:
Transplantation of pig heart to human. BBC, 11 Jan 2022.
8055:"A Brief History of Cross-Species Organ Transplantation"
7165:"Progressive familial heart block: MedlinePlus Genetics"
6175:(Third ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 266.
4970:
CSET : California Subject Examinations for Teachers
3915:
ceremony. If the heart weighed more than the feather of
2135:
of the heart, and is one of the most iconic symbols for
2020:. Calcium ions also combine with the regulatory protein
1617:
for oxygen. This happens through the passive process of
888:. The tricuspid valve has three cusps, which connect to
771:, or auricle, and another in the upper left atrium, the
10014:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 129â134.
9276:
8854:
The Oxford dictionary of christian art and architecture
8803:"The Indigenous Art of Following Wisdom from the Heart"
7070:
5728:"The human proteome in heart â The Human Protein Atlas"
5374:(18 ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 1811.
5152:. OpenStax College, Rice University. pp. 787â846.
4494:, which contains several valves and sends blood to the
1992:
ions then begin to enter the cell, shortly after which
9764:
Solomon, Eldra; Berg, Linda; Martin, Diana W. (2010).
8632:
A Sanskrit reader : text and vocabulary and notes
7654:
7188:
6116:
Berry, William; McKenzie, Catherine (1 January 2010).
5369:
3461:
and pulmonary circulation systems can be found in the
1580:
collects deoxygenated blood from two large veins, the
1557:
throughout the body. This circulation consists of the
783:. The ventricles are separated from each other by the
9205:
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
8111:"The operation that took medicine into the media age"
7902:
4812:
Veins that drain blood from the cardiac tissue itself
2651:
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
2004:. Shortly after this, the calcium channels close and
1366:
acts to decrease the heart rate, and nerves from the
1298:(receiving the left atrium and both ventricles), the
1062:
The heart wall is made up of three layers: the inner
1013:. Like the right atrium, the left atrium is lined by
590:
Computer-generated animation of a beating human heart
9086:
8603:
Essays in Indian Philosophy, Religion and Literature
4933:
Starr, Cecie; Evers, Christine; Starr, Lisa (2009).
2942:
that may reveal any disturbances in electrolytes. A
2253:, a sudden and utter loss of output from the heart.
2083:
Exercise and fitness levels, age, body temperature,
344:. The wall of the heart is made up of three layers:
9542:
9485:
9327:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977).
9245:
8856:(Second ed.). Corby: Oxford University Press.
8690:("The Use of the Parts of the Human Body"), book 6.
6015:
5669:
4973:(3rd ed.). New York: Kaplan Pub. p. 154.
4009:, who also located the seat of the passions in the
3974:, found in the oldest surviving Sanskrit text, the
3486:questioned some of Galen's beliefs of the heart in
2068:Baroreceptors are stretch receptors located in the
1839:, is established by the heart's own pacemaker, the
9911:
9878:(12th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier.
9698:
9091:
9023:Egyptian Cooking: And Other Middle Eastern Recipes
8518:Statements of fact in traditional Chinese medicine
7330:
5977:
5953:
5938:
5867:
5657:
5645:
5603:
5591:
5000:
2995:There are five prominent features on the ECG: the
2190:. Doctors that specialise in the heart are called
297:, the heart is approximately the size of a closed
9871:
9763:
9663:
9661:
9090:; Becker, Marion Rombauer; Becker, Ethan (1975).
6458:
6446:
6331:
6100:
5317:
5305:
5288:
4890:
4283:The size of the heart varies among the different
2746:that may be visible on a person's hands (such as
2341:). These conditions are often genetic and can be
1545:Video explanation of blood flow through the heart
336:. The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the
11169:
9916:(40th ed.). London: Churchill Livingstone.
9610:"World's oldest heart found in prehistoric fish"
9461:Colville, Thomas P.; Bassert, Joanna M. (2015).
9422:"Scaling of Cardiovascular Physiology in Snakes"
7953:"Galen and the beginnings of Western physiology"
6054:
4635:, whereas the systemic heart pumps to the body.
4120:and Momoona, the heart and seat of emotions are
2958:level) are often ordered to evaluate a person's
2847:Typically, healthy hearts have only two audible
2491:) whilst others arise from the ventricles (e.g.
2475:or damage within the cardiac conduction system (
1996:begins to leave it. All the ions travel through
1115:There are two types of cells in cardiac muscle:
1009:. The left atrium has an outpouching called the
9759:
9757:
9460:
8139:. Greenhaven Publishing LLC. 2012. p. 18.
7655:Meletis, John; Konstantopoulos, Kostas (2010).
7650:
7648:
7646:
7644:
7279:
7119:NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)
6145:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5184:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4510:, while the other forms the pulmonary artery).
4264:is made of braised heart with an orange sauce.
4186:, they can be used, finely chopped, as part of
3293:. In these procedures, wires are passed from a
2452:, and finally the ventricles (referred to as a
2448:before spreading to the rest of the atria, the
1569:for oxygen in the lungs through the process of
1432:a very different pattern from that of an adult.
1302:(draining the back of the left ventricle), the
1119:which have the ability to contract easily, and
9933:Davidson's principles and practice of medicine
9930:
9892:
9875:Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology
9658:
9252:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 448â.
8775:Nature, Center for Humans and (16 June 2017).
8200:
7600:
7444:
7425:
7413:
7401:
7358:
7315:
7288:Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine
7273:
6964:
6902:
6734:
6580:
6568:
6534:
6532:
6415:
5965:
5926:
4926:
4866:Taber, Clarence Wilbur; Venes, Donald (2009).
2688:Heart disease is diagnosed by the taking of a
2507:). The most dangerous form of heart racing is
2061:, sensing the stretching of blood vessels and
10579:
10034:
9491:
9454:
9381:
9379:
8990:
8703:. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 239â240.
8592:
7331:Talley, Nicholas J.; O'Connor, Simon (2013).
6343:
6115:
5480:
4330:
4298:. which in some fish may be connected to the
2766:from within the artery. Any elevation of the
2758:is taken, using either a manual or automatic
2487:), some from the atrioventricular node (e.g.
2471:or bradyarrhythmia. This may be caused by an
1036:is above the left cusp of the valve, and the
787:, visible on the surface of the heart as the
9830:
9754:
9692:
9326:
8876:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
8601:, in Piotr Balcerowicz; Marek Mejor (eds.),
8553:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
8059:Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings
7946:
7944:
7755:
7753:
7751:
7749:
7747:
7745:
7743:
7641:
6111:
6109:
5912:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5365:
5363:
5361:
5323:
5231:
5178:
4896:
4750:Animated heart 3D model rendered in computer
4541:The tube-like heart (green) of the mosquito
3993:, considered the heart the seat of thought,
3963:, and belongs to fire in the five elements.
2499:), others by an irritable focus (e.g. focal
1202:that are also expressed in skeletal muscle.
1127:which allow a rapid response to impulses of
714:) and is felt to be on the left because the
9836:
9415:
9413:
8469:
8308:
8306:
8304:
7961:AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
7802:
7613:
7611:
7609:
7558:European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
6692:European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
6529:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6239:Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology
5237:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5029:
4936:Biology: Today and Tomorrow With Physiology
3836:; the diamond of purity and essence of the
3685:Blood § Cultural and religious beliefs
3566:Das Reizleitungssystem des SĂ€ugetierherzens
3196:
3119:
2791:The closure of the heart valves causes the
2550:
10586:
10572:
10041:
10027:
9895:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
9736:. Rastogi Publications. pp. 154â155.
9376:
9239:
9047:My Mexico: A Culinary Odyssey with Recipes
8827:Kurian G (2001). "Sacred Heart of Jesus".
8570:A practical dictionary of Chinese medicine
7808:
6421:
5372:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
5027:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5009:
4738:Heart illustration with circulatory system
3898:for "happy" (literally, "long of heart"),
3077:, whether there is any backflow of blood (
1666:The cardiac cycle as correlated to the ECG
1342:The heart receives nerve signals from the
58:
9897:(18 ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional.
9667:
9627:
9569:
9467:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 547.
9437:
8567:
8312:
8177:
8086:
8029:
8009:
7941:
7879:
7845:
7828:
7777:
7740:
7723:
7699:
7682:
7672:
7569:
7505:
7335:. Churchill Livingstone. pp. 76â82.
7326:
7324:
7225:
7207:
6933:
6871:
6822:
6767:
6703:
6422:Guyton, Arthur C.; Hall, John E. (2005).
6361:
6213:
6141:
6139:
6106:
6064:, pp. 263â274; Philadelphia: WB Saunders
6029:
5844:
5826:
5485:(32nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 1461.
5416:
5358:
5265:
5255:
5198:
3557:electrical conduction system of the heart
3464:Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon
2348:
2221:
1835:The normal rhythmical heart beat, called
1819:Electrical conduction system of the heart
10048:
9843:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 537â.
9410:
8800:
8447:Death and the afterlife in ancient Egypt
8301:
8262:
7606:
7250:"Brugada syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics"
6464:
6236:
5620:. Oxford University Press. p. 264.
5483:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
4962:
4960:
4846:This article incorporates text from the
4604:
4562:
4536:
4462:
4344:
4222:heart may be grilled or braised. In the
3858:An important part of the concept of the
3815:making a heart sign at a concert in 2018
3807:
3612:. This marked an important milestone in
3513:
3406:
3231:
2975:
2781:
2696:, and further investigations, including
2110:
1943:
1878:
1822:
1812:
1708:
1661:
1533:
1518:
1510:
1426:
1333:
1229:
1091:
1053:
856:
751:, the receiving chambers, and two lower
738:
644:The human heart is in the middle of the
639:
621:
593:
585:
574:
340:, which also contains a small amount of
10595:Physiology of the cardiovascular system
9723:
9492:Crigg, Gordon; Johansen, Kjell (1987).
9419:
9351:
9186:. Sterling Publishing Company. p. 171.
7064:
5006:
4013:, and the seat of reason in the brain.
3989:philosophers and scientists, including
3890:expressions which incorporate the word
1973:is created by the movement of specific
1225:
747:The heart has four chambers, two upper
14:
11170:
10301:moderator band/septomarginal trabecula
9392:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 418.
9322:
9320:
9318:
9316:
9314:
9312:
9249:Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
9202:
9025:, American University in Cairo Press.
8851:
8826:
8774:
8719:
8717:
8629:
8514:
8470:Xigui, Qiu; Mattos, Gilbert L (2000).
8444:
8337:
8159:
8053:Cooper, David K. C. (1 January 2012).
8052:
7321:
7039:
6976:
6344:Davis, J. P.; Tikunova, S. B. (2008).
6170:
6136:
6132:from the original on 28 November 2016.
5615:
5505:
5346:from the original on 19 September 2014
4870:. F. A. Davis Co. pp. 1018â1023.
3670:
3377:mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
3226:Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
2514:
2433:
10567:
10022:
9857:from the original on 6 December 2016.
9784:from the original on 6 December 2016.
9750:from the original on 6 December 2016.
9719:from the original on 6 December 2016.
9688:from the original on 6 December 2016.
9654:from the original on 6 December 2016.
9607:
9601:
9481:from the original on 6 December 2016.
9406:from the original on 6 December 2016.
9358:. University of Texas Press. p.
9277:Shuttleworth, Trevor J., ed. (1988).
9266:from the original on 6 December 2016.
9098:. The Bobbs-Merrill Company. p.
9049:, University of Texas Press. p. 100.
8991:Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald.
8654:
8394:
7766:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
7547:
7545:
7507:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.037
7463:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
7370:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6745:
6743:
6681:
6679:
6597:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6337:
5997:from the original on 16 November 2001
5462:from the original on 20 November 2010
5166:from the original on 27 February 2021
5145:
4957:
4868:Taber's cyclopedic medical dictionary
4859:
4675:The human heart viewed from the front
4627:have two "gill hearts" also known as
4594:which carries the most commonly used
4406:, which have a four-chambered heart.
3944:, the heart is seen as the center of
3569:, in 1906. Tawara's discovery of the
3341:, or inherited arrhythmia syndromes.
3193:) to a point beyond the obstruction.
3003:(ventricular depolarisation) and the
2657:Progressive cardiac conduction defect
1831:through the heart's conduction system
1549:The heart functions as a pump in the
648:, with its apex pointing to the left.
617:
9812:Smithsonian National Zoological Park
9633:
9137:
8619:from the original on 6 December 2016
8217:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.104050
7950:
7851:
7759:
7705:
7196:Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
6507:"Your Heart Failure Healthcare Team"
6196:Antz, Matthias; et al. (1998).
6195:
5738:from the original on 9 November 2018
4661:
4617:In some other invertebrates such as
4305:The sinoatrial node is found in all
4178:. They can also be pan-fried, as in
4124:, meaning they share the same word.
4016:The heart also played a role in the
3313:) can also be treated using open or
2965:
2888:or congenital heart disease such as
2827:Normal heart sounds as heard with a
2738:) and listening with a stethoscope (
2712:. Other invasive procedures such as
1451:in the neural plate which forms the
667:. A double-membraned sac called the
9608:Ghosh, Pallab (15 September 2022).
9558:The Journal of Experimental Biology
9530:from the original on 28 August 2021
9501:Journal of Comparative Physiology B
9426:Integrative and Comparative Biology
9389:Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia
9309:
9146:and Rombauer Becker, Marion (1975)
8714:
8378:. The word was also transcribed by
7725:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.772756
7629:from the original on 18 August 2016
7530:from the original on 28 August 2021
7477:from the original on 23 April 2016.
6977:MarbĂĄn, Eduardo (10 January 2002).
6118:"Use of inotropes in critical care"
5708:from the original on 23 August 2018
4785:Supplying blood to the heart itself
4726:An anatomical specimen of the heart
4571:body structure â heart shown in red
4235:in a spice and vinegar mixture. An
4059:and the parallel veneration of the
3651:By the middle of the 20th century,
2962:and diabetes status, respectively.
2594:transposition of the great arteries
2314:
2249:. In the worst case this may cause
652:The human heart is situated in the
324:and their left counterparts as the
24:
9796:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02908733
9729:
9297:from the original on 14 April 2021
8535:from the original on 14 April 2021
8472:Chinese writing = Wenzi-xue-gaiyao
7809:Michelakis, E. D. (19 June 2014).
7623:University of Sydney Online Museum
7542:
7383:from the original on 6 August 2016
6873:10.1161/01.CIR.0000091380.04100.84
6792:
6740:
6676:
6586:
6550:from the original on 12 March 2016
6517:from the original on 10 March 2016
6487:from the original on 10 March 2016
6411:from the original on 23 June 2017.
6394:National Health Statistics Reports
6313:from the original on 14 April 2012
6287:from the original on 1 August 2012
6283:. MedicineNet.com. 27 April 2011.
5879:
5682:from the original on 17 March 2016
5436:from the original on 27 April 2019
4714:Frontal section of the human heart
4687:The human heart viewed from behind
3778:is often used as a "heart" symbol.
3344:
3168:percutaneous coronary intervention
2801:
2603:
2361:
1900:
1338:Autonomic innervation of the heart
522:
25:
11199:
9950:
9770:. Cengage Learning. p. 939.
9589:from the original on 3 March 2015
9280:Physiology of Elasmobranch Fishes
8630:Lanman, Charles Rockwell (1996).
8568:Wiseman, Nigel; Ye, Feng (1998).
8315:The Watkins Dictionary of Symbols
8313:Tresidder, Jack (2012). "Heart".
8031:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.616771
8010:Silverman, M. E. (13 June 2006).
6664:from the original on 14 June 2020
6611:European Journal of Heart Failure
4939:. Cengage Learning. p. 422.
4502:, into the rest of the body. (In
4256:made with pig heart and blood. A
4078:for a lost one or to unfulfilled
4074:is a cross-cultural reference to
3596:in a human ever performed was by
3457:The earliest descriptions of the
3384:cardiac resynchronisation therapy
2590:cyanotic congenital heart defects
1698:
1346:and from nerves arising from the
793:posterior interventricular sulcus
9983:Prenatal human heart development
9800:
9788:
9699:Farrell, Anthony P, ed. (2011).
9640:. Garland Science. p. 134.
9345:
9270:
9217:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03876.x
9196:
9176:
9155:
9126:, University of Virginia Press,
9116:
9080:
9060:
9036:
9015:
8999:
8984:
8959:
8934:
8909:
8884:
8845:
8820:
8794:
8768:
8743:
8693:
8677:
8648:
8623:
8586:
8561:
8508:
8488:
8463:
8438:
8413:
8388:
8356:
8331:
8256:
8231:
8194:
8179:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2011.01235.x
8153:
8129:
8103:
8046:
8003:
7896:
7779:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04312.x
7373:"Acute Coronary Syndrome Workup"
6477:"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)"
6251:10.1046/j.1540-8167.2002.00001.x
6080:DuBose, Terry J. (26 July 2011)
4987:from the original on 4 May 2016.
4953:from the original on 2 May 2016.
4743:
4731:
4719:
4707:
4692:
4680:
4668:
4642:(including vertebrates) and the
4532:
4424:
4267:
3866:was thought to be the heart, or
3820:or throne of God in Islamic and
3783:
3763:
3748:
3563:published his monograph, titled
3528:(1628) by the English physician
3411:Heart and its blood vessels, by
3104:, and indicate whether there is
2838:Problems playing this file? See
2817:
2628:sudden arrhythmic death syndrome
2397:Problems playing this file? See
2377:
2272:
2150:
2124:
1935:Problems playing this file? See
1916:
1643:
1577:
1317:Small lymphatic networks called
970:, which are also present in the
843:
831:
561:Problems playing this file? See
538:
41:. For the comics character, see
9865:
9184:The Connoisseur's Guide to Meat
8664:. book 3, ch. 4. Archived from
8266:New England Journal of Medicine
7872:10.1152/japplphysiol.91171.2008
7481:
7450:
7364:
7242:
7182:
7157:
7132:
7107:
7040:Marban, Eduardo (1 July 2003).
7033:
6970:
6908:
6847:
6499:
6378:
6299:
6273:
6230:
6189:
6164:
6074:
6009:
5983:
5873:
5802:
5750:
5720:
5694:
5663:
5609:
5530:
5499:
5474:
5448:
5388:
4828:
4815:
4652:common ancestor of these groups
4551:(also green) and surrounded by
3966:The Sanskrit word for heart is
3824:thought; the divine centre, or
3324:Cardiac devices in the form of
2980:Cardiac cycle shown against ECG
2777:
2567:hypoplastic left heart syndrome
2489:AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia
2460:increase the long term risk of
1961:, created and sustained by the
1625:
1329:
1194:. Other proteins expressed are
27:Organ found inside most animals
9973:Atlas of Human Cardiac Anatomy
9674:. Elsevier. pp. 154â155.
9163:Beef: And Other Bovine Matters
8688:De usu partium corporis humani
8071:10.1080/08998280.2012.11928783
6424:Textbook of medical physiology
5991:"Main Frame Heart Development"
5676:Atlas of Human Cardiac Anatomy
4806:
4797:
4788:
4779:
4770:
4761:
4278:
4089:'s arrows" is ancient, due to
3130:Coronary artery bypass surgery
2899:
2719:
2505:Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
2422:). In some parts of the world
1883:Conduction system of the heart
1410:
1403:. Norepinephrine binds to the
1364:parasympathetic nervous system
1324:inferior tracheobronchial node
1205:
927:
912:is located at the base of the
439:close to 72 beats per minute.
385:conduction system of the heart
13:
1:
10722:Aortic valve area calculation
9668:Ostrander, Gary Kent (2000).
9355:The Ruby-Throated Hummingbird
7859:Journal of Applied Physiology
7830:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.301132
7460:Feigenbaum's Echocardiography
5552:10.1016/j.carpath.2018.04.009
5342:. World Health Organization.
5291:, pp. 101, 157â158, 180.
4840:
3452:
3212:. In some circumstances, the
2999:(atrial depolarisation), the
2742:). It involves assessment of
2663:Early repolarisation syndrome
2339:arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
2160:is a condition affecting the
2043:
1887:
1561:to and from the body and the
1515:Blood flow through the valves
1506:
1493:
1108:surrounded by a framework of
993:
367:The heart pumps blood with a
9637:Instant Notes Animal Biology
9634:Jurd, Richard David (2004).
9246:Hyman, L. Henrietta (1992).
8781:Center for Humans and Nature
7603:, pp. 585â588, 614â623.
5880:J., Tortora, Gerard (2009).
5238:de Lussanet, M.H.E. (2019).
4625:Squids and other cephalopods
4341:Snake § Internal organs
4149:hearts are considered to be
4032:): "round, hot, pulsating".
4001:in particular is due to the
3739:
3246:Artificial cardiac pacemaker
3175:coronary artery bypass graft
3111:
2683:
2373:Mitral Valve Prolapse murmur
2131:The stethoscope is used for
1530:Blood flow through the heart
1147:. Cardiac muscle tissue has
789:anterior longitudinal sulcus
707:with the costal cartilages.
570:
281:to the body, while carrying
7:
10839:Effective refractory period
10718:) / End-diastolic dimension
10504:sternopericardial ligaments
10281:valve of inferior vena cava
8993:The Trans New Guinea family
8755:WISDOM WEAVERS OF THE WORLD
8515:Rogers, Flaws, Bob (2007).
8243:www.medschool.umaryland.edu
7951:West, J. B. (30 May 2014).
6309:. About.com. 9 April 2012.
5882:Principles of human anatomy
5506:Bianco, Carl (April 2000).
4910:Clinically Oriented Anatomy
4654:(may have been lost in the
4202:ragu iz kurinyikh potrokhov
3961:six organs and five viscera
2764:a more invasive measurement
2327:hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
2208:allied health practitioners
2115:
1741:, duration of contraction,
1449:splanchnopleuric mesenchyme
734:
273:. The pumped blood carries
10:
11204:
10102:posterior interventricular
9988:Animal hearts: fish, squid
9420:Seymour, Roger S. (1987).
9122:Schwabe, Calvin W. (1979)
8801:Bioneers (22 March 2019).
8160:Cooley, Denton A. (2011).
7974:10.1152/ajplung.00123.2014
7712:Circulation: Heart Failure
7706:Katz, A. M. (1 May 2008).
7371:Coven, David; Yang, Eric.
6540:"Different heart diseases"
6148:Oh's Intensive Care Manual
6040:10.1177/875647939000600306
4794:From the body to the heart
4767:From the heart to the body
4456:
4337:Reptile § Circulation
4334:
4331:Double circulatory systems
4323:and up to 1200 bpm in the
4271:
4114:Trans-New Guinea languages
4105:theme that became tied to
3844:centre of understanding."
3832:of transcendent wisdom in
3692:
3674:
3489:De humani corporis fabrica
3402:
3397:
3348:
3330:implantable defibrillators
3235:
3200:
3123:
3026:
3022:
2969:
2925:MB form of creatine kinase
2890:ventricular septal defects
2723:
2607:
2575:congenital aortic stenosis
2554:
2473:abnormally slow sinus node
2437:
2352:
2335:restrictive cardiomyopathy
2318:
2276:
2225:
2018:absolute refractory period
1891:
1816:
1702:
1647:
1499:
1416:
1237:
1209:
1079:simple squamous epithelium
1047:
820:
613:Anatomy of the human heart
610:
36:
29:
11124:Tubuloglomerular feedback
11079:
11071:Critical closing pressure
11029:
10996:
10982:
10962:
10899:
10891:Hexaxial reference system
10814:Cardiac electrophysiology
10801:
10745:
10697:
10610:
10601:
10535:
10516:epicardium/visceral layer
10489:
10471:
10416:
10398:
10391:
10329:
10305:crista supraventricularis
10239:
10232:
10206:
10134:
10127:
10097:anterior interventricular
10064:
10057:
8317:. Watkins Media Limited.
8204:Annual Review of Medicine
7760:Aird, W. C. (July 2011).
7085:10.1016/j.hlc.2018.09.007
7042:"Cardiac Channelopathies"
6979:"Cardiac channelopathies"
6481:World Health Organization
6215:10.1161/01.CIR.98.17.1790
5828:10.1186/s12864-015-1686-y
5670:University of Minnesota.
5146:Betts, J. Gordon (2013).
4459:Fish anatomy § Heart
4385:double circulatory system
4325:ruby-throated hummingbird
3864:Ancient Egyptian religion
3509:
3388:ventricular assist device
3284:novel oral anticoagulants
2917:brain natriuretic peptide
2571:ventricular septal defect
2172:may result or at worse a
1362:. The vagus nerve of the
1273:left main coronary artery
1040:is above the right cusp.
816:
371:determined by a group of
362:developmental axial twist
316:and lower left and right
231:
219:
207:
195:
183:
171:
166:
150:
114:
109:left main coronary artery
86:
74:
69:
57:
52:
11099:Reninâangiotensin system
9837:Ladd, Prosser C (1991).
8494:MDBG online dictionary.
8445:Taylor, John H. (2001).
8395:Allen, James P. (2014).
6935:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq249
6171:Pocock, Gillian (2006).
6146:Bersten, Andrew (2013).
5616:Pocock, Gillian (2006).
5540:Cardiovascular Pathology
5418:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm316
5209:10.1163/157075611X617102
5149:Anatomy & physiology
4755:
4390:In reptiles, other than
4061:Immaculate Heart of Mary
3542:FrankâStarling mechanism
3503:Christianismi Restitutio
3256:calcium channel blockers
3250:Abnormal heart rhythms (
3065:), or by a probe in the
2894:pericardial friction rub
2851:, called S1 and S2. The
2619:electrochemical gradient
2579:coarctation of the aorta
2551:Congenital heart disease
2509:ventricular fibrillation
1971:cardiac action potential
1829:cardiac action potential
1807:calcium channel blockers
1758:Frank-Starling mechanism
1553:to provide a continuous
1281:left anterior descending
1104:âa layer of involuntary
869:on the right and to the
861:Frontal section showing
473:, and poorly controlled
457:. Risk factors include:
11129:Cerebral autoregulation
11094:Kininâkallikrein system
11061:Jugular venous pressure
10711:End-diastolic dimension
10689:Pressure volume diagram
10285:valve of coronary sinus
10198:atrioventricular septum
10166:interventricular septum
10011:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
8699:Sandstrom, Alan (1991)
8661:On the Parts of Animals
7209:10.3389/fcvm.2018.00169
6824:10.1093/europace/eut206
6769:10.1093/europace/euw295
6350:Cardiovascular Research
6281:"Definition of SA node"
6082:Sex, Heart Rate and Age
5772:10.1126/science.1260419
5704:. The Free Dictionary.
4452:
4262:cĆur de porc Ă l'orange
4127:
3886:. This is evidenced by
3559:remained unknown until
3467:, published in 1242 by
3260:sodium channel blockers
3242:Radiofrequency ablation
3220:valves can be repaired
3187:internal mammary artery
3126:Coronary artery disease
3013:Testing when exercising
2714:cardiac catheterisation
2557:Congenital heart defect
2497:ventricular tachycardia
2493:ventricular tachycardia
2424:rheumatic heart disease
2305:jugular venous pressure
2228:Coronary artery disease
2200:cardiothoracic surgeons
2184:Cardiovascular diseases
1858:atrioventricular septum
1447:The heart derives from
1401:positively charged ions
1043:
785:interventricular septum
761:atrioventricular septum
757:atrioventricular valves
451:coronary artery disease
447:Cardiovascular diseases
435:. The heart beats at a
11066:Portal venous pressure
11056:Mean arterial pressure
10970:Ventricular remodeling
10716:End-systolic dimension
10674:Cardiac function curve
10523:fold of left vena cava
10273:limbus of fossa ovalis
9352:Osborne, June (1998).
9182:Milsom, Jennie (2009)
9066:Sacharow, Alla (1993)
8593:Sellmer, Sven (2004),
8501:4 October 2016 at the
8425:www.ancientegypt.co.uk
8374:7 January 2009 at the
7619:"Anatomy of the Heart"
6922:European Heart Journal
6544:World Heart Federation
6459:Guyton & Hall 2011
6447:Guyton & Hall 2011
6332:Guyton & Hall 2011
6101:Guyton & Hall 2011
6018:J Diagn Med Sonography
5508:"How Your Heart Works"
5405:European Heart Journal
5318:Guyton & Hall 2011
5306:Guyton & Hall 2011
5289:Guyton & Hall 2011
4891:Guyton & Hall 2011
4614:
4572:
4560:
4470:
4372:
3851:, the word for heart,
3816:
3657:Framingham Heart Study
3606:Groote Schuur Hospital
3519:
3416:
3357:ischemic heart disease
3203:Artificial heart valve
3197:Valvular heart disease
3120:Ischemic heart disease
3106:fluid around the heart
2981:
2806:
2796:
2716:can also play a role.
2366:
2355:Valvular heart disease
2349:Valvular heart disease
2331:dilated cardiomyopathy
2297:valvular heart disease
2293:ischemic heart disease
2222:Ischemic heart disease
2091:, norepinephrine, and
2054:cardiovascular centres
1950:
1905:
1884:
1832:
1714:
1667:
1546:
1531:
1516:
1433:
1396:neuromuscular junction
1356:cardiovascular centres
1339:
1312:anterior cardiac veins
1300:posterior cardiac vein
1285:left circumflex artery
1252:and a way of removing
1235:
1106:striated muscle tissue
1097:
1059:
972:right atrial appendage
920:is at the base of the
878:
769:right atrial appendage
744:
649:
637:
608:
591:
583:
579:Human heart during an
534:A teenager's heartbeat
527:
233:Anatomical terminology
145:anterior cardiac veins
32:Heart (disambiguation)
10707:Fractional shortening
10319:pulmonary circulation
9571:10.1242/jeb.199.2.359
9124:Unmentionable Cuisine
8831:. Thomas Nelson Inc.
8672:De partibus animalium
8338:Rosner, Fred (1995).
5320:, pp. 1039â1041.
4608:
4566:
4540:
4466:
4348:
4335:Further information:
4228:anticuchos de corazĂłn
4180:Jerusalem mixed grill
4136:, for example in the
4057:Sacred Heart of Jesus
3913:Weighing of the Heart
3811:
3675:Further information:
3571:atrioventricular node
3517:
3410:
3141:myocardial infarction
2979:
2952:fasting blood glucose
2940:basic metabolic panel
2805:
2785:
2770:is noted. A person's
2748:splinter haemorrhages
2624:sudden death syndrome
2450:atrioventricular node
2365:
2188:high-income countries
2111:Clinical significance
1947:
1904:
1882:
1854:atrioventricular node
1826:
1813:Electrical conduction
1712:
1665:
1563:pulmonary circulation
1544:
1529:
1514:
1430:
1337:
1277:right coronary artery
1233:
1095:
1057:
1048:Further information:
1038:right coronary artery
1011:left atrial appendage
860:
773:left atrial appendage
742:
643:
632:
606:
589:
578:
526:
397:pulmonary circulation
381:atrioventricular node
364:in the early embryo.
105:right coronary artery
10647:End-diastolic volume
10548:Coronary circulation
10377:systemic circulation
10216:intervenous tubercle
9733:Fish & Fisheries
9161:Torode, John (2009)
8279:10.1056/NEJMra063052
7816:Circulation Research
7571:10.1093/ejcts/ezu366
7333:Clinical Examination
6705:10.1093/ejcts/ezs455
5732:www.proteinatlas.org
4821:Note the muscles do
4701:coronary circulation
4555:(red). Blue depicts
4195:pollo en menudencias
4168:churrasco de coração
4070:The expression of a
3638:genetically modified
3442:The Greek physician
2886:damaged heart valves
2768:jugular venous pulse
2598:atrial septal defect
2563:patent foramen ovale
2537:pericardial effusion
2085:basal metabolic rate
1787:intensive care units
1559:systemic circulation
1442:prenatal development
1240:Coronary circulation
1226:Coronary circulation
1034:left coronary artery
411:, traveling through
409:systemic circulation
393:inferior venae cavae
11011:Vascular resistance
10849:Electrocardiography
10844:Pacemaker potential
10774:Conduction velocity
10679:Venous return curve
10652:End-systolic volume
10499:fibrous pericardium
9872:Hall, John (2011).
9671:The Laboratory Fish
9439:10.1093/icb/27.1.97
9329:The Vertebrate Body
7852:West, John (2008).
7674:10.1155/2010/857657
7447:, pp. 528â530.
7428:, pp. 521â640.
7361:, pp. 556â559.
7318:, pp. 522â536.
7276:, pp. 527â534.
6995:2002Natur.415..213M
6905:, pp. 638â639.
6334:, pp. 115â120.
6122:Clinical Pharmacist
6103:, pp. 110â113.
5993:. Meddean.luc.edu.
5978:Gray's Anatomy 2008
5954:Gray's Anatomy 2008
5939:Gray's Anatomy 2008
5868:Gray's Anatomy 2008
5672:"Papillary Muscles"
5658:Gray's Anatomy 2008
5648:, pp. 966â967.
5646:Gray's Anatomy 2008
5606:, pp. 964â967.
5604:Gray's Anatomy 2008
5594:, pp. 960â962.
5592:Gray's Anatomy 2008
5308:, pp. 105â107.
5001:Gray's Anatomy 2008
4596:respiratory pigment
4176:chicken heart satay
3942:In Chinese medicine
3934:. The Chinese word
3794:glyph for "heart" (
3671:Society and culture
3646:Bartley P. Griffith
3394:may be considered.
3311:atrial fibrillation
3232:Cardiac arrhythmias
3087:cardiac stress test
3009:rhythm disturbances
2990:electrically ground
2972:Electrocardiography
2813:Normal heart sounds
2726:Cardiac examination
2694:cardiac examination
2639:Torsades de pointes
2583:Tetralogy of Fallot
2515:Pericardial disease
2458:atrial fibrillation
2454:normal sinus rhythm
2434:Cardiac arrhythmias
2265:, smoking and high
2259:high blood pressure
1768:vascular resistance
1693:inferior vena cavae
1609:. As these pass by
1423:Human embryogenesis
1308:small cardiac veins
1304:middle cardiac vein
1154:There are specific
712:offset to the right
483:shortness of breath
471:high blood pressure
465:, little exercise,
261:. This organ pumps
137:middle cardiac vein
99:and right and left
43:Cardiac (character)
11119:Myogenic mechanism
10737:Left atrial volume
10669:FrankâStarling law
10543:Circulatory system
10511:serous pericardium
10473:Pericardial cavity
10171:trabeculae carneae
10144:interatrial septum
9967:What Is the Heart?
9808:"Meet our animals"
9513:10.1007/BF00693365
9149:The Joy of Cooking
9094:The Joy of Cooking
9006:Indonesia Magazine
8668:on 14 August 2016.
8595:"The Heart in the
7919:10.1111/apha.12309
7115:"Long QT Syndrome"
6967:, p. 1458â65.
6737:, pp. 612â13.
6363:10.1093/cvr/cvm098
6087:2 May 2014 at the
6060:DuBose, TJ (1996)
5702:"pectinate muscle"
5481:Dorland's (2012).
5257:10.7717/peerj.7096
4615:
4573:
4561:
4515:cartilaginous fish
4471:
4447:foramen of Panizza
4373:
4274:Circulatory system
4216:stir-fried heart.
4063:, made popular by
3817:
3602:Christiaan Barnard
3520:
3417:
3392:cardiac transplant
3335:slow heart rhythms
2982:
2944:coagulation screen
2934:investigating for
2873:fourth heart sound
2857:second heart sound
2807:
2797:
2706:electrocardiograms
2545:pericardiocentesis
2501:atrial tachycardia
2430:throat infection.
2367:
2162:circulatory system
2006:potassium channels
1955:resting heart rate
1951:
1912:A racing heartbeat
1906:
1885:
1868:to left and right
1833:
1827:Transmission of a
1785:, particularly in
1722:and is called the
1715:
1668:
1613:carbon dioxide is
1551:circulatory system
1547:
1532:
1517:
1502:Cardiac physiology
1453:cardiogenic region
1434:
1352:Sympathetic nerves
1340:
1296:great cardiac vein
1236:
1156:proteins expressed
1125:intercalated discs
1098:
1060:
1024:, but there is no
1022:trabeculae carneae
979:trabeculae carneae
879:
745:
658:thoracic vertebrae
656:, at the level of
650:
638:
636:of the human heart
618:Location and shape
609:
592:
584:
528:
501:, as well as with
271:circulatory system
141:small cardiac vein
133:great cardiac vein
125:inferior vena cava
121:Superior vena cava
101:pulmonary arteries
11165:
11164:
11161:
11160:
10978:
10977:
10818:Action potential
10809:Conduction system
10755:Cardiac pacemaker
10727:Ejection fraction
10561:
10560:
10553:Coronary arteries
10531:
10530:
10481:pericardial sinus
10441:Bachmann's bundle
10431:cardiac pacemaker
10426:Conduction system
10387:
10386:
10277:crista terminalis
10228:
10227:
10224:
10223:
10176:chordae tendineae
10149:pectinate muscles
9942:978-0-7020-3085-7
9923:978-0-8089-2371-8
9904:978-0-07-174889-6
9885:978-1-4160-4574-8
9850:978-0-471-85767-9
9777:978-1-133-17032-7
9743:978-81-7133-800-9
9712:978-0-08-092323-9
9681:978-0-12-529650-2
9647:978-1-85996-325-8
9474:978-0-323-35620-6
9399:978-1-118-52620-0
9369:978-0-292-76047-9
9338:978-0-03-910284-5
9290:978-3-642-73336-9
9259:978-0-226-87013-7
9165:, Taunton Press,
9144:Rombauer, Irma S.
9109:978-0-02-604570-4
9088:Rombauer, Irma S.
8863:978-0-19-968027-6
8838:978-1-4185-3981-8
8701:Corn is Our Blood
8641:978-81-208-1363-2
8612:978-81-208-1978-8
8579:978-0-912111-54-4
8528:978-0-936185-52-1
8481:978-1-55729-071-7
8456:978-0-226-79164-7
8406:978-1-107-66328-2
8349:978-0-88125-506-5
8324:978-1-78028-357-9
8273:(11): 1140â1151.
8166:Artificial Organs
8117:. 3 December 2017
8024:(23): 2775â2781.
7906:Acta Physiologica
7470:978-0-7817-9557-9
7342:978-0-7295-4198-5
7297:978-0-7020-3084-0
6989:(6868): 213â218.
6928:(23): 2915â2957.
6866:(15): 1871â1909.
6762:(11): 1609â1678.
6433:978-0-7216-0240-0
6307:"Purkinje Fibers"
6208:(17): 1790â1795.
6182:978-0-19-856878-0
6157:978-0-7020-4762-6
5891:978-0-471-78931-4
5766:(6220): 1260419.
5627:978-0-19-856878-0
5492:978-1-4160-6257-8
5411:(19): 2375â2414.
5381:978-0-07-174889-6
5159:978-1-938168-13-0
4980:978-1-4195-5281-6
4946:978-0-495-56157-6
4919:978-1-60547-652-0
4877:978-0-8036-1559-5
4662:Additional images
4553:pericardial cells
4544:Anopheles gambiae
4319:to around 600 in
4290:, with hearts in
3907:and a variety of
3737:
3736:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3644:by heart surgeon
3634:Adrian Kantrowitz
3630:Vladimir Demikhov
3413:Leonardo da Vinci
3291:catheter ablation
3083:ejection fraction
2966:Electrocardiogram
2869:third heart sound
2853:first heart sound
2822:
2787:3D echocardiogram
2645:Short QT syndrome
2541:cardiac tamponade
2383:
2289:peripheral oedema
2166:coronary arteries
2107:may increase it.
2078:Bainbridge reflex
1922:
1850:Bachmann's bundle
1720:body surface area
1542:
1527:
1457:endocardial tubes
1419:Heart development
1368:sympathetic trunk
1360:medulla oblongata
1348:sympathetic trunk
1266:lymphatic vessels
1219:pericardial fluid
1015:pectinate muscles
968:pectinate muscles
894:papillary muscles
875:chordae tendineae
863:papillary muscles
759:, present in the
630:
604:
544:
247:
246:
242:
127:, right and left
16:(Redirected from
11195:
11188:Organs (anatomy)
11104:Vasoconstrictors
11081:Regulation of BP
10994:
10993:
10927:pulmonary artery
10900:Chamber pressure
10608:
10607:
10588:
10581:
10574:
10565:
10564:
10396:
10395:
10351:atrial appendage
10315:pulmonary artery
10265:atrial appendage
10237:
10236:
10211:cardiac skeleton
10181:papillary muscle
10132:
10131:
10062:
10061:
10043:
10036:
10029:
10020:
10019:
10015:
10007:
9946:
9927:
9908:
9889:
9859:
9858:
9834:
9828:
9827:
9825:
9823:
9814:. Archived from
9804:
9798:
9792:
9786:
9785:
9761:
9752:
9751:
9727:
9721:
9720:
9696:
9690:
9689:
9665:
9656:
9655:
9631:
9625:
9624:
9622:
9620:
9605:
9599:
9598:
9596:
9594:
9588:
9573:
9555:
9546:
9540:
9539:
9537:
9535:
9529:
9498:
9489:
9483:
9482:
9458:
9452:
9451:
9441:
9417:
9408:
9407:
9383:
9374:
9373:
9349:
9343:
9342:
9324:
9307:
9306:
9304:
9302:
9274:
9268:
9267:
9243:
9237:
9236:
9200:
9194:
9180:
9174:
9159:
9153:
9141:
9135:
9120:
9114:
9113:
9097:
9084:
9078:
9064:
9058:
9040:
9034:
9019:
9013:
9003:
8997:
8996:
8988:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8977:
8963:
8957:
8956:
8954:
8952:
8938:
8932:
8931:
8929:
8927:
8913:
8907:
8906:
8904:
8902:
8888:
8882:
8881:
8875:
8867:
8849:
8843:
8842:
8824:
8818:
8817:
8815:
8813:
8798:
8792:
8791:
8789:
8787:
8772:
8766:
8765:
8763:
8761:
8747:
8741:
8740:
8738:
8736:
8721:
8712:
8697:
8691:
8681:
8675:
8669:
8652:
8646:
8645:
8627:
8621:
8620:
8590:
8584:
8583:
8565:
8559:
8558:
8552:
8544:
8542:
8540:
8512:
8506:
8492:
8486:
8485:
8467:
8461:
8460:
8442:
8436:
8435:
8433:
8431:
8417:
8411:
8410:
8392:
8386:
8360:
8354:
8353:
8335:
8329:
8328:
8310:
8299:
8298:
8260:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8249:
8235:
8229:
8228:
8198:
8192:
8191:
8181:
8157:
8151:
8150:
8133:
8127:
8126:
8124:
8122:
8107:
8101:
8100:
8090:
8050:
8044:
8043:
8033:
8007:
8001:
8000:
7999:on 2 March 2019.
7998:
7992:. Archived from
7968:(2): L121âL128.
7957:
7948:
7939:
7938:
7900:
7894:
7893:
7883:
7866:(6): 1877â1880.
7849:
7843:
7842:
7832:
7806:
7800:
7799:
7781:
7757:
7738:
7737:
7727:
7703:
7697:
7696:
7686:
7676:
7652:
7639:
7638:
7636:
7634:
7615:
7604:
7598:
7592:
7591:
7573:
7549:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7509:
7485:
7479:
7478:
7454:
7448:
7442:
7429:
7423:
7417:
7411:
7405:
7399:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7368:
7362:
7356:
7347:
7346:
7328:
7319:
7313:
7302:
7301:
7283:
7277:
7271:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7260:
7246:
7240:
7239:
7229:
7211:
7186:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7161:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7150:
7136:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7125:
7111:
7105:
7104:
7068:
7062:
7061:
7037:
7031:
7030:
6974:
6968:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6937:
6912:
6906:
6900:
6894:
6893:
6875:
6851:
6845:
6844:
6826:
6817:(8): 1070â1118.
6801:
6790:
6789:
6771:
6747:
6738:
6732:
6726:
6725:
6707:
6683:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6663:
6623:10.1002/ejhf.592
6608:
6599:
6584:
6578:
6572:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6536:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6522:
6503:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6492:
6473:
6462:
6456:
6450:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6419:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6391:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6365:
6341:
6335:
6329:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6303:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6292:
6277:
6271:
6270:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6217:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6173:Human Physiology
6168:
6162:
6161:
6143:
6134:
6133:
6113:
6104:
6098:
6092:
6078:
6072:
6062:Fetal Sonography
6058:
6052:
6051:
6033:
6013:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6002:
5987:
5981:
5975:
5969:
5963:
5957:
5951:
5942:
5936:
5930:
5924:
5918:
5917:
5911:
5903:
5877:
5871:
5865:
5859:
5858:
5848:
5830:
5806:
5800:
5799:
5754:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5698:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5667:
5661:
5655:
5649:
5643:
5632:
5631:
5618:Human Physiology
5613:
5607:
5601:
5595:
5589:
5580:
5579:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5514:. Archived from
5503:
5497:
5496:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5458:. Bartleby.com.
5452:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5435:
5420:
5402:
5392:
5386:
5385:
5367:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5332:
5321:
5315:
5309:
5303:
5292:
5286:
5280:
5279:
5269:
5259:
5235:
5229:
5228:
5202:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5143:
5004:
4998:
4989:
4988:
4964:
4955:
4954:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4905:
4894:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4863:
4835:
4832:
4826:
4819:
4813:
4810:
4804:
4801:
4795:
4792:
4786:
4783:
4777:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4747:
4735:
4723:
4711:
4696:
4684:
4672:
4629:branchial hearts
4492:conus arteriosus
4419:conus arteriosus
4409:In the heart of
4365:Conus arteriosus
4212:the meat, as in
4184:Egyptian cuisine
3787:
3767:
3752:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3618:Louis Washkansky
3594:heart transplant
3587:Willem Einthoven
3498:Michael Servetus
3492:(1543), but his
3484:Andreas Vesalius
3339:cardiomyopathies
3238:Heart arrhythmia
3210:prosthetic valve
3102:pulmonary oedema
3043:echocardiography
2932:full blood count
2824:
2823:
2804:
2760:sphygmomanometer
2677:Brugada syndrome
2635:Long QT Syndrome
2385:
2384:
2364:
2315:Cardiomyopathies
2301:cardiomyopathies
2212:physiotherapists
2154:
2128:
2097:low blood oxygen
2093:thyroid hormones
2026:troponin complex
1967:action potential
1924:
1923:
1903:
1862:cardiac skeleton
1543:
1528:
1484:beats per minute
1383:thoracic ganglia
1254:metabolic wastes
1129:action potential
914:pulmonary artery
890:chordae tendinae
873:on the left via
865:attached to the
847:
835:
803:cardiac skeleton
673:vertebral column
631:
607:Cardiology video
605:
546:
545:
525:
467:high cholesterol
332:, which prevent
239:edit on Wikidata
236:
157:Accelerans nerve
62:
50:
49:
21:
11203:
11202:
11198:
11197:
11196:
11194:
11193:
11192:
11183:Cardiac anatomy
11168:
11167:
11166:
11157:
11075:
11025:
10987:
10984:Vascular system
10974:
10958:
10895:
10797:
10782:(Contractility)
10741:
10693:
10684:Wiggers diagram
10597:
10592:
10562:
10557:
10527:
10485:
10467:
10461:Purkinje fibers
10456:bundle branches
10412:
10383:
10341:pulmonary veins
10325:
10309:pulmonary valve
10293:right ventricle
10289:tricuspid valve
10220:
10202:
10154:terminal sulcus
10123:
10053:
10049:Anatomy of the
10047:
10002:
9953:
9943:
9924:
9905:
9886:
9868:
9863:
9862:
9851:
9835:
9831:
9821:
9819:
9818:on 29 July 2016
9806:
9805:
9801:
9793:
9789:
9778:
9762:
9755:
9744:
9728:
9724:
9713:
9697:
9693:
9682:
9666:
9659:
9648:
9632:
9628:
9618:
9616:
9606:
9602:
9592:
9590:
9586:
9553:
9547:
9543:
9533:
9531:
9527:
9496:
9490:
9486:
9475:
9459:
9455:
9418:
9411:
9400:
9384:
9377:
9370:
9350:
9346:
9339:
9325:
9310:
9300:
9298:
9291:
9275:
9271:
9260:
9244:
9240:
9201:
9197:
9181:
9177:
9160:
9156:
9142:
9138:
9121:
9117:
9110:
9085:
9081:
9065:
9061:
9041:
9037:
9020:
9016:
9004:
9000:
8989:
8985:
8975:
8973:
8965:
8964:
8960:
8950:
8948:
8940:
8939:
8935:
8925:
8923:
8915:
8914:
8910:
8900:
8898:
8890:
8889:
8885:
8869:
8868:
8864:
8850:
8846:
8839:
8825:
8821:
8811:
8809:
8799:
8795:
8785:
8783:
8773:
8769:
8759:
8757:
8749:
8748:
8744:
8734:
8732:
8731:. 20 April 2020
8723:
8722:
8715:
8698:
8694:
8682:
8678:
8653:
8649:
8642:
8628:
8624:
8613:
8591:
8587:
8580:
8566:
8562:
8546:
8545:
8538:
8536:
8529:
8513:
8509:
8503:Wayback Machine
8493:
8489:
8482:
8468:
8464:
8457:
8443:
8439:
8429:
8427:
8421:"Mummification"
8419:
8418:
8414:
8407:
8393:
8389:
8376:Wayback Machine
8361:
8357:
8350:
8336:
8332:
8325:
8311:
8302:
8261:
8257:
8247:
8245:
8237:
8236:
8232:
8199:
8195:
8158:
8154:
8147:
8135:
8134:
8130:
8120:
8118:
8109:
8108:
8104:
8051:
8047:
8008:
8004:
7996:
7955:
7949:
7942:
7901:
7897:
7850:
7846:
7807:
7803:
7758:
7741:
7704:
7700:
7653:
7642:
7632:
7630:
7617:
7616:
7607:
7601:Davidson's 2010
7599:
7595:
7550:
7543:
7533:
7531:
7494:Atherosclerosis
7486:
7482:
7471:
7455:
7451:
7445:Davidson's 2010
7443:
7432:
7426:Davidson's 2010
7424:
7420:
7416:, p. 1534.
7414:Harrison's 2011
7412:
7408:
7404:, pp. 531.
7402:Davidson's 2010
7400:
7396:
7386:
7384:
7369:
7365:
7359:Davidson's 2010
7357:
7350:
7343:
7329:
7322:
7316:Davidson's 2010
7314:
7305:
7298:
7284:
7280:
7274:Davidson's 2010
7272:
7268:
7258:
7256:
7254:medlineplus.gov
7248:
7247:
7243:
7187:
7183:
7173:
7171:
7169:medlineplus.gov
7163:
7162:
7158:
7148:
7146:
7144:medlineplus.gov
7138:
7137:
7133:
7123:
7121:
7113:
7112:
7108:
7073:Heart Lung Circ
7069:
7065:
7038:
7034:
7003:10.1038/415213a
6975:
6971:
6965:Harrison's 2011
6963:
6959:
6913:
6909:
6903:Davidson's 2010
6901:
6897:
6852:
6848:
6802:
6793:
6748:
6741:
6735:Davidson's 2010
6733:
6729:
6684:
6677:
6667:
6665:
6661:
6606:
6600:
6587:
6581:Davidson's 2010
6579:
6575:
6571:, p. 1501.
6569:Harrison's 2011
6567:
6563:
6553:
6551:
6538:
6537:
6530:
6520:
6518:
6505:
6504:
6500:
6490:
6488:
6475:
6474:
6465:
6457:
6453:
6445:
6441:
6434:
6420:
6416:
6408:
6389:
6383:
6379:
6342:
6338:
6330:
6326:
6316:
6314:
6305:
6304:
6300:
6290:
6288:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6235:
6231:
6194:
6190:
6183:
6169:
6165:
6158:
6144:
6137:
6114:
6107:
6099:
6095:
6089:Wayback Machine
6079:
6075:
6059:
6055:
6031:10.1.1.860.9613
6014:
6010:
6000:
5998:
5989:
5988:
5984:
5976:
5972:
5966:Davidson's 2010
5964:
5960:
5952:
5945:
5937:
5933:
5927:Davidson's 2010
5925:
5921:
5905:
5904:
5892:
5878:
5874:
5866:
5862:
5807:
5803:
5755:
5751:
5741:
5739:
5726:
5725:
5721:
5711:
5709:
5700:
5699:
5695:
5685:
5683:
5668:
5664:
5656:
5652:
5644:
5635:
5628:
5614:
5610:
5602:
5598:
5590:
5583:
5535:
5531:
5521:
5519:
5518:on 29 July 2016
5504:
5500:
5493:
5479:
5475:
5465:
5463:
5454:
5453:
5449:
5439:
5437:
5433:
5400:
5393:
5389:
5382:
5368:
5359:
5349:
5347:
5334:
5333:
5324:
5316:
5312:
5304:
5295:
5287:
5283:
5236:
5232:
5183:
5179:
5169:
5167:
5160:
5144:
5007:
4999:
4992:
4981:
4965:
4958:
4947:
4931:
4927:
4920:
4906:
4897:
4889:
4885:
4878:
4864:
4860:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4829:
4820:
4816:
4811:
4807:
4802:
4798:
4793:
4789:
4784:
4780:
4775:
4771:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4751:
4748:
4739:
4736:
4727:
4724:
4715:
4712:
4703:
4697:
4688:
4685:
4676:
4673:
4664:
4598:, copper-based
4535:
4519:ray-finned fish
4508:ascending aorta
4469:
4461:
4455:
4427:
4371:
4343:
4333:
4281:
4276:
4270:
4130:
4107:Valentine's Day
4085:The notion of "
3953:small intestine
3822:Judeo-Christian
3806:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3776:Georgian script
3768:
3760:
3759:
3753:
3742:
3717:
3687:
3673:
3614:cardiac surgery
3583:sinoatrial node
3549:Purkinje fibers
3538:Ernest Starling
3512:
3455:
3405:
3400:
3353:
3347:
3248:
3236:Main articles:
3234:
3205:
3199:
3136:
3124:Main articles:
3122:
3114:
3071:transesophageal
3031:
3029:Cardiac imaging
3025:
2992:, or earthed).
2974:
2968:
2910:is a sensitive
2902:
2845:
2844:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2825:
2818:
2815:
2808:
2802:
2790:
2780:
2732:
2724:Main articles:
2722:
2702:echocardiograms
2690:medical history
2686:
2615:Channelopathies
2612:
2606:
2604:Channelopathies
2559:
2553:
2529:cytomegalovirus
2525:glandular fever
2517:
2442:
2436:
2404:
2403:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2378:
2375:
2368:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2323:
2317:
2281:
2275:
2261:, uncontrolled
2247:unstable angina
2234:atherosclerosis
2230:
2224:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2170:angina pectoris
2158:Atherosclerosis
2155:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2129:
2118:
2113:
2046:
1963:sinoatrial node
1942:
1941:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1917:
1914:
1907:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1874:Purkinje fibers
1870:bundle branches
1841:sinoatrial node
1821:
1815:
1793:agents such as
1707:
1701:
1660:
1648:Main articles:
1646:
1602:tricuspid valve
1534:
1519:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1425:
1417:Main articles:
1413:
1405:betaâ1 receptor
1390:(also known as
1332:
1242:
1228:
1214:
1208:
1174:. They include
1149:autorhythmicity
1121:pacemaker cells
1052:
1046:
1007:pulmonary veins
996:
988:pulmonary trunk
934:tricuspid valve
930:
910:pulmonary valve
886:tricuspid valve
867:tricuspid valve
855:
854:
853:
852:
851:
848:
840:
839:
836:
825:
819:
765:coronary sulcus
737:
701:midsternal line
693:pulmonary trunk
622:
620:
615:
594:
573:
568:
567:
559:
557:
556:
555:
554:
547:
539:
536:
529:
523:
487:medical history
377:sinoatrial node
373:pacemaker cells
283:metabolic waste
243:
190:ÎșαÏΎία (kardĂa)
129:pulmonary veins
97:pulmonary trunk
65:
64:The human heart
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11201:
11191:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11163:
11162:
11159:
11158:
11156:
11155:
11154:
11153:
11148:
11143:
11133:
11132:
11131:
11126:
11121:
11114:Autoregulation
11111:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11091:
11085:
11083:
11077:
11076:
11074:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11052:
11051:
11046:
11039:Pulse pressure
11035:
11033:
11031:Blood pressure
11027:
11026:
11024:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11002:
11000:
10991:
10980:
10979:
10976:
10975:
10973:
10972:
10966:
10964:
10960:
10959:
10957:
10956:
10951:
10950:
10949:
10944:
10936:
10935:
10934:
10924:
10923:
10922:
10917:
10909:
10907:Central venous
10903:
10901:
10897:
10896:
10894:
10893:
10888:
10887:
10886:
10881:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10835:
10834:
10829:
10824:
10816:
10811:
10805:
10803:
10799:
10798:
10796:
10795:
10789:
10788:(Excitability)
10783:
10777:
10767:
10757:
10751:
10749:
10743:
10742:
10740:
10739:
10734:
10729:
10724:
10719:
10713:
10703:
10701:
10695:
10694:
10692:
10691:
10686:
10681:
10676:
10671:
10666:
10661:
10656:
10655:
10654:
10649:
10639:
10638:
10637:
10632:
10625:Cardiac output
10622:
10616:
10614:
10612:Cardiac output
10605:
10599:
10598:
10591:
10590:
10583:
10576:
10568:
10559:
10558:
10556:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10539:
10537:
10533:
10532:
10529:
10528:
10526:
10525:
10520:
10519:
10518:
10508:
10507:
10506:
10495:
10493:
10487:
10486:
10484:
10483:
10477:
10475:
10469:
10468:
10466:
10465:
10464:
10463:
10458:
10453:
10448:
10443:
10438:
10433:
10422:
10420:
10414:
10413:
10411:
10410:
10404:
10402:
10393:
10389:
10388:
10385:
10384:
10382:
10381:
10359:left ventricle
10335:
10333:
10327:
10326:
10324:
10323:
10255:coronary sinus
10245:
10243:
10234:
10230:
10229:
10226:
10225:
10222:
10221:
10219:
10218:
10213:
10207:
10204:
10203:
10201:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10184:
10183:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10158:
10157:
10156:
10151:
10146:
10135:
10129:
10125:
10124:
10122:
10121:
10120:
10119:
10114:
10106:
10105:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10079:
10074:
10068:
10066:
10059:
10055:
10054:
10046:
10045:
10038:
10031:
10023:
10017:
10016:
10000:
9999:, 1 June 2006)
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9964:
9959:
9952:
9951:External links
9949:
9948:
9947:
9941:
9928:
9922:
9909:
9903:
9890:
9884:
9867:
9864:
9861:
9860:
9849:
9829:
9799:
9787:
9776:
9753:
9742:
9722:
9711:
9691:
9680:
9657:
9646:
9626:
9600:
9564:(2): 359â365.
9541:
9507:(3): 381â392.
9484:
9473:
9453:
9409:
9398:
9375:
9368:
9344:
9337:
9308:
9289:
9269:
9258:
9238:
9211:(8): 590â597.
9195:
9175:
9154:
9136:
9115:
9108:
9079:
9059:
9043:Kennedy, Diana
9035:
9014:
8998:
8995:. p. 125.
8983:
8958:
8933:
8908:
8883:
8862:
8844:
8837:
8819:
8793:
8767:
8742:
8713:
8692:
8676:
8647:
8640:
8622:
8611:
8585:
8578:
8560:
8527:
8507:
8487:
8480:
8462:
8455:
8437:
8412:
8405:
8387:
8355:
8348:
8330:
8323:
8300:
8255:
8230:
8211:(1): 189â205.
8193:
8172:(4): 353â357.
8152:
8145:
8137:Organ Donation
8128:
8102:
8045:
8002:
7940:
7913:(3): 468â470.
7895:
7844:
7823:(1): 109â114.
7801:
7739:
7698:
7640:
7605:
7593:
7564:(4): 517â592.
7541:
7480:
7469:
7449:
7430:
7418:
7406:
7394:
7363:
7348:
7341:
7320:
7303:
7296:
7278:
7266:
7241:
7181:
7156:
7131:
7106:
7063:
7032:
6969:
6957:
6907:
6895:
6846:
6791:
6739:
6727:
6675:
6617:(8): 891â975.
6585:
6583:, p. 554.
6573:
6561:
6528:
6498:
6463:
6461:, p. 212.
6451:
6449:, p. 208.
6439:
6432:
6414:
6377:
6356:(4): 619â626.
6336:
6324:
6298:
6272:
6229:
6188:
6181:
6163:
6156:
6135:
6105:
6093:
6073:
6053:
6024:(3): 151â157.
6008:
5982:
5980:, p. 945.
5970:
5968:, p. 526.
5958:
5956:, p. 982.
5943:
5941:, p. 981.
5931:
5929:, p. 525.
5919:
5890:
5872:
5870:, p. 959.
5860:
5801:
5749:
5719:
5693:
5662:
5660:, p. 970.
5650:
5633:
5626:
5608:
5596:
5581:
5529:
5498:
5491:
5473:
5447:
5387:
5380:
5357:
5322:
5310:
5293:
5281:
5230:
5193:(2): 193â216.
5187:Animal Biology
5177:
5158:
5005:
5003:, p. 960.
4990:
4979:
4956:
4945:
4925:
4918:
4895:
4893:, p. 157.
4883:
4876:
4857:
4856:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4827:
4814:
4805:
4796:
4787:
4778:
4769:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4706:
4704:
4698:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4534:
4531:
4488:cardinal veins
4467:
4457:Main article:
4454:
4451:
4426:
4423:
4396:blood pressure
4370:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4353:Pulmonary vein
4350:
4332:
4329:
4280:
4277:
4269:
4266:
4129:
4126:
3959:, governs the
3796:Middle Chinese
3789:
3782:
3781:
3769:
3762:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3672:
3669:
3661:ACE inhibitors
3622:Norman Shumway
3530:William Harvey
3525:De Motu Cordis
3518:Animated heart
3511:
3508:
3454:
3451:
3421:ancient Greeks
3415:, 15th century
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3373:ACE inhibitors
3349:Main article:
3346:
3343:
3233:
3230:
3201:Main article:
3198:
3195:
3179:saphenous vein
3134:Coronary stent
3121:
3118:
3113:
3110:
3027:Main article:
3024:
3021:
3017:Holter monitor
2970:Main article:
2967:
2964:
2948:Fasting lipids
2901:
2898:
2865:gallop rhythms
2835:
2826:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2779:
2776:
2756:blood pressure
2721:
2718:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2608:Main article:
2605:
2602:
2555:Main article:
2552:
2549:
2533:coxsackievirus
2516:
2513:
2485:atrial flutter
2438:Main article:
2435:
2432:
2394:
2387:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2353:Main article:
2350:
2347:
2321:Cardiomyopathy
2319:Main article:
2316:
2313:
2277:Main article:
2274:
2271:
2251:cardiac arrest
2226:Main article:
2223:
2220:
2168:are affected,
2156:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2130:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2101:blood pressure
2074:carotid bodies
2063:chemoreceptors
2045:
2042:
2010:repolarisation
1986:depolarisation
1957:is called the
1932:
1926:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1892:Main article:
1889:
1886:
1817:Main article:
1814:
1811:
1731:echocardiogram
1705:Cardiac output
1703:Main article:
1700:
1699:Cardiac output
1697:
1645:
1642:
1598:coronary sinus
1567:carbon dioxide
1508:
1505:
1500:Main article:
1495:
1492:
1412:
1409:
1388:norepinephrine
1372:cardiac plexus
1331:
1328:
1292:coronary sinus
1238:Main article:
1227:
1224:
1210:Main article:
1207:
1204:
1137:major arteries
1102:cardiac muscle
1050:Cardiac muscle
1045:
1042:
1026:moderator band
995:
992:
983:moderator band
956:coronary sinus
929:
926:
849:
842:
841:
837:
830:
829:
828:
827:
826:
821:Main article:
818:
815:
736:
733:
681:rib cartilages
619:
616:
572:
569:
558:
548:
537:
532:
531:
530:
521:
520:
519:
507:echocardiogram
383:and along the
287:carbon dioxide
257:found in most
253:is a muscular
245:
244:
235:
229:
228:
223:
217:
216:
211:
205:
204:
199:
193:
192:
187:
181:
180:
175:
169:
168:
164:
163:
154:
148:
147:
118:
112:
111:
90:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11200:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11175:
11173:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11138:
11137:
11134:
11130:
11127:
11125:
11122:
11120:
11117:
11116:
11115:
11112:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11102:
11100:
11097:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11086:
11084:
11082:
11078:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11041:
11040:
11037:
11036:
11034:
11032:
11028:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11004:
11003:
11001:
10999:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10985:
10981:
10971:
10968:
10967:
10965:
10961:
10955:
10952:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10939:
10937:
10933:
10930:
10929:
10928:
10925:
10921:
10918:
10916:
10913:
10912:
10910:
10908:
10905:
10904:
10902:
10898:
10892:
10889:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10851:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10837:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10819:
10817:
10815:
10812:
10810:
10807:
10806:
10804:
10800:
10793:
10790:
10787:
10784:
10781:
10778:
10775:
10771:
10768:
10765:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10752:
10750:
10748:
10744:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10732:Cardiac index
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10708:
10705:
10704:
10702:
10700:
10696:
10690:
10687:
10685:
10682:
10680:
10677:
10675:
10672:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10644:
10643:
10642:Stroke volume
10640:
10636:
10635:Stroke volume
10633:
10631:
10628:
10627:
10626:
10623:
10621:
10620:Cardiac cycle
10618:
10617:
10615:
10613:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10600:
10596:
10589:
10584:
10582:
10577:
10575:
10570:
10569:
10566:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10540:
10538:
10534:
10524:
10521:
10517:
10514:
10513:
10512:
10509:
10505:
10502:
10501:
10500:
10497:
10496:
10494:
10492:
10488:
10482:
10479:
10478:
10476:
10474:
10470:
10462:
10459:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10451:bundle of His
10449:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10428:
10427:
10424:
10423:
10421:
10419:
10415:
10409:
10406:
10405:
10403:
10401:
10397:
10394:
10390:
10380:
10378:
10374:
10368:
10364:
10360:
10356:
10352:
10348:
10344:
10342:
10337:
10336:
10334:
10332:
10328:
10322:
10320:
10316:
10310:
10306:
10302:
10298:
10294:
10290:
10286:
10282:
10278:
10274:
10270:
10266:
10262:
10258:
10256:
10252:
10247:
10246:
10244:
10242:
10238:
10235:
10231:
10217:
10214:
10212:
10209:
10208:
10205:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10172:
10169:
10167:
10164:
10163:
10162:
10159:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10141:
10140:
10137:
10136:
10133:
10130:
10126:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10109:
10107:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10084:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10069:
10067:
10063:
10060:
10056:
10052:
10044:
10039:
10037:
10032:
10030:
10025:
10024:
10021:
10013:
10012:
10006:
10005:"Heart"
10001:
9998:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9954:
9944:
9938:
9934:
9929:
9925:
9919:
9915:
9910:
9906:
9900:
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9730:Shukla, J.P.
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9432:(1): 97â109.
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9192:1-4027-7050-2
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9171:1-60085-126-6
9168:
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9132:0-8139-1162-1
9129:
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9076:1-55970-174-9
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9055:0-292-74840-X
9052:
9048:
9044:
9039:
9032:
9031:977-424-926-7
9028:
9024:
9018:
9012:(1994), p. 67
9011:
9007:
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8994:
8987:
8972:
8971:Bible Gateway
8968:
8962:
8947:
8946:Bible Gateway
8943:
8937:
8922:
8921:Bible Gateway
8918:
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8896:Bible Gateway
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8709:0-8061-2403-2
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6545:
6541:
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6516:
6512:
6511:www.heart.org
6508:
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6149:
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6123:
6119:
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6110:
6102:
6097:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6077:
6071:
6070:0-7216-5432-0
6067:
6063:
6057:
6049:
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6041:
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6032:
6027:
6023:
6019:
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5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5533:
5517:
5513:
5512:HowStuffWorks
5509:
5502:
5494:
5488:
5484:
5477:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5419:
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5406:
5399:
5391:
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5373:
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5364:
5362:
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5341:
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5319:
5314:
5307:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5290:
5285:
5277:
5273:
5268:
5263:
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5234:
5226:
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5218:
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5210:
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5196:
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5188:
5181:
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5155:
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5150:
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5134:
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5130:
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5126:
5124:
5122:
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5114:
5112:
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5106:
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5102:
5100:
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5090:
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5020:
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5016:
5014:
5012:
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5002:
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4963:
4961:
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4887:
4879:
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4854:
4853:
4849:
4831:
4824:
4818:
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4791:
4782:
4773:
4764:
4760:
4746:
4741:
4734:
4729:
4722:
4717:
4710:
4705:
4702:
4695:
4690:
4683:
4678:
4671:
4666:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4644:hemichordates
4641:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4612:
4609:Schematic of
4607:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4570:
4565:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4539:
4533:Invertebrates
4530:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4496:ventral aorta
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4480:sinus venosus
4475:
4465:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4425:Full division
4422:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4368:Sinus venosus
4367:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4275:
4268:Other animals
4265:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4254:blood sausage
4252:is a sort of
4251:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4159:hÄto yakitori
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4099:heart symbols
4096:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4081:
4080:romantic love
4077:
4073:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
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3992:
3988:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3814:
3810:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3777:
3773:
3766:
3758:
3751:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3716:(F34) "heart"
3715:
3712:
3711:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3668:
3666:
3665:beta blockers
3662:
3658:
3654:
3653:heart disease
3649:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3626:Richard Lower
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3553:bundle of His
3550:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3516:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3478:
3477:Andrea Alpago
3474:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3414:
3409:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3369:beta blockers
3366:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3351:Heart failure
3345:Heart failure
3342:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3320:
3319:cardioversion
3316:
3315:thoracoscopic
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3272:beta blockers
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3183:radial artery
3180:
3176:
3171:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3153:antiplatelets
3150:
3149:beta blockers
3146:
3145:nitroglycerin
3142:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3079:regurgitation
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3063:transthoracic
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2978:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2877:Heart murmurs
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2841:
2830:
2814:
2794:
2788:
2784:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2752:radial artery
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2610:Channelopathy
2601:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2548:
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2526:
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2512:
2510:
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2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2428:streptococcal
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2412:regurgitation
2409:
2402:
2400:
2374:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2285:heart failure
2280:
2279:Heart failure
2273:Heart failure
2270:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2192:cardiologists
2189:
2185:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2142:
2141:heart murmurs
2138:
2134:
2127:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2059:baroreceptors
2055:
2051:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2002:voltage-gated
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1913:
1895:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1866:bundle of His
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1799:noradrenaline
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1739:contractility
1736:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1724:cardiac index
1721:
1711:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1650:Cardiac cycle
1644:Cardiac cycle
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1555:flow of blood
1552:
1513:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1472:septum primum
1469:
1468:foramen ovale
1464:
1462:
1461:tubular heart
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1438:embryogenesis
1429:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1392:noradrenaline
1389:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1220:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1056:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
991:
989:
984:
980:
975:
973:
969:
965:
964:foramen ovale
961:
957:
953:
950:
946:
942:
937:
935:
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
902:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
876:
872:
868:
864:
859:
846:
834:
824:
814:
812:
808:
804:
801:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
741:
732:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
659:
655:
647:
642:
635:
634:Real-time MRI
614:
588:
582:
577:
566:
564:
552:
535:
518:
516:
515:cardiologists
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
305:, called the
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:blood vessels
264:
260:
256:
252:
240:
234:
230:
227:
224:
222:
218:
215:
212:
210:
206:
203:
200:
198:
194:
191:
188:
186:
182:
179:
176:
174:
170:
165:
162:
158:
155:
153:
149:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
117:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:
89:
85:
82:
79:
77:
73:
68:
61:
56:
51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
11146:Carotid body
11109:Vasodilators
10989:hemodynamics
10794:(Relaxation)
10786:Bathmotropic
10760:Chronotropic
10602:
10536:Blood supply
10408:heart valves
10370:
10367:aortic sinus
10363:aortic valve
10355:mitral valve
10338:
10312:
10297:infundibulum
10269:fossa ovalis
10261:right atrium
10248:
10050:
10009:
9996:
9932:
9913:
9894:
9874:
9866:Bibliography
9839:
9832:
9820:. Retrieved
9816:the original
9811:
9802:
9790:
9766:
9732:
9725:
9701:
9694:
9670:
9636:
9629:
9619:16 September
9617:. Retrieved
9603:
9591:. Retrieved
9561:
9557:
9544:
9532:. Retrieved
9504:
9500:
9487:
9463:
9456:
9429:
9425:
9388:
9354:
9347:
9328:
9299:. Retrieved
9279:
9272:
9248:
9241:
9208:
9204:
9198:
9183:
9178:
9162:
9157:
9147:
9139:
9123:
9118:
9093:
9082:
9067:
9062:
9046:
9038:
9022:
9017:
9009:
9005:
9001:
8992:
8986:
8974:. Retrieved
8970:
8961:
8949:. Retrieved
8945:
8936:
8924:. Retrieved
8920:
8911:
8899:. Retrieved
8895:
8886:
8853:
8847:
8828:
8822:
8810:. Retrieved
8806:
8796:
8784:. Retrieved
8780:
8770:
8758:. Retrieved
8754:
8745:
8733:. Retrieved
8728:
8700:
8695:
8687:
8679:
8666:the original
8660:
8650:
8631:
8625:
8602:
8596:
8588:
8569:
8563:
8537:. Retrieved
8517:
8510:
8490:
8471:
8465:
8446:
8440:
8428:. Retrieved
8424:
8415:
8396:
8390:
8383:
8380:Wallis Budge
8367:
8363:
8358:
8339:
8333:
8314:
8270:
8264:
8258:
8246:. Retrieved
8242:
8233:
8208:
8202:
8196:
8169:
8165:
8155:
8136:
8131:
8119:. Retrieved
8114:
8105:
8065:(1): 49â57.
8062:
8058:
8048:
8021:
8015:
8005:
7994:the original
7965:
7959:
7910:
7904:
7898:
7863:
7857:
7847:
7820:
7814:
7804:
7769:
7765:
7718:(1): 63â71.
7715:
7711:
7701:
7664:
7660:
7631:. Retrieved
7622:
7596:
7561:
7557:
7534:11 September
7532:. Retrieved
7497:
7493:
7483:
7459:
7452:
7421:
7409:
7397:
7385:. Retrieved
7376:
7366:
7332:
7287:
7281:
7269:
7257:. Retrieved
7253:
7244:
7199:
7195:
7184:
7172:. Retrieved
7168:
7159:
7147:. Retrieved
7143:
7134:
7122:. Retrieved
7118:
7109:
7079:(1): 22â30.
7076:
7072:
7066:
7049:
7045:
7035:
6986:
6982:
6972:
6960:
6925:
6921:
6910:
6898:
6863:
6859:
6849:
6814:
6810:
6759:
6755:
6730:
6698:(4): S1â44.
6695:
6691:
6668:24 September
6666:. Retrieved
6614:
6610:
6576:
6564:
6552:. Retrieved
6543:
6519:. Retrieved
6510:
6501:
6489:. Retrieved
6480:
6454:
6442:
6423:
6417:
6396:(41): 1â16.
6393:
6380:
6353:
6349:
6339:
6327:
6315:. Retrieved
6301:
6289:. Retrieved
6275:
6242:
6238:
6232:
6205:
6201:
6191:
6172:
6166:
6147:
6125:
6121:
6096:
6076:
6061:
6056:
6021:
6017:
6011:
5999:. Retrieved
5985:
5973:
5961:
5934:
5922:
5881:
5875:
5863:
5818:
5815:BMC Genomics
5814:
5804:
5763:
5759:
5752:
5742:29 September
5740:. Retrieved
5731:
5722:
5710:. Retrieved
5696:
5684:. Retrieved
5675:
5665:
5653:
5617:
5611:
5599:
5543:
5539:
5532:
5520:. Retrieved
5516:the original
5511:
5501:
5482:
5476:
5464:. Retrieved
5450:
5438:. Retrieved
5408:
5404:
5390:
5371:
5350:20 September
5348:. Retrieved
5339:
5313:
5284:
5247:
5243:
5233:
5190:
5186:
5180:
5168:. Retrieved
5148:
4969:
4935:
4928:
4909:
4886:
4867:
4861:
4845:
4844:
4830:
4822:
4817:
4808:
4799:
4790:
4781:
4772:
4763:
4637:
4623:
4616:
4574:
4549:wing muscles
4542:
4512:
4500:dorsal aorta
4495:
4476:
4472:
4434:crocodilians
4428:
4408:
4389:
4374:
4359:Right atrium
4321:hummingbirds
4304:
4282:
4261:
4249:
4241:
4227:
4218:
4206:
4201:
4194:
4167:
4158:
4145:
4131:
4111:
4094:
4084:
4072:broken heart
4069:
4049:Jesus Christ
4042:
4034:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4015:
3984:
3979:
3971:
3967:
3965:
3947:
3936:
3925:
3912:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3882:, will, and
3871:
3867:
3857:
3852:
3849:Hebrew Bible
3846:
3818:
3798:
3757:heart symbol
3713:
3681:Heart symbol
3677:Sacred Heart
3650:
3591:
3579:Martin Flack
3575:Arthur Keith
3564:
3561:Sunao Tawara
3546:
3523:
3521:
3501:
3487:
3481:
3469:Ibn al-Nafis
3462:
3456:
3448:
3441:
3437:Erasistratos
3418:
3381:
3361:hypertension
3354:
3323:
3288:
3249:
3206:
3172:
3165:
3137:
3115:
3098:chest X-rays
3095:
3032:
2994:
2986:bedside test
2983:
2929:
2906:
2903:
2849:heart sounds
2846:
2837:
2793:heart sounds
2778:Heart sounds
2740:auscultation
2733:
2730:Heart sounds
2687:
2667:testosterone
2613:
2587:
2560:
2521:pericarditis
2518:
2466:
2443:
2420:endocarditis
2416:heart murmur
2405:
2396:
2324:
2282:
2231:
2204:intensivists
2182:
2174:heart attack
2133:auscultation
2082:
2070:aortic sinus
2067:
2050:sinus rhythm
2047:
2034:
2014:
1998:ion channels
1979:
1975:electrolytes
1959:sinus rhythm
1952:
1934:
1845:right atrium
1837:sinus rhythm
1834:
1783:life support
1776:
1762:
1751:
1728:
1716:
1681:
1669:
1630:mitral valve
1623:
1575:
1548:
1497:
1477:
1465:
1446:
1435:
1414:
1376:
1341:
1330:Nerve supply
1316:
1289:
1270:
1243:
1215:
1153:
1117:muscle cells
1114:
1099:
1076:
1061:
1030:heart muscle
1019:
1004:
1000:mitral valve
997:
976:
960:fossa ovalis
938:
931:
918:aortic valve
907:
903:
898:mitral valve
883:
880:
871:mitral valve
823:Heart valves
807:heart valves
797:
746:
723:
709:
705:articulation
696:
651:
560:
495:heart-sounds
445:
437:resting rate
366:
330:heart valves
311:
265:through the
250:
248:
214:A12.1.00.001
189:
177:
47:
11151:Glomus cell
11141:Aortic body
11136:Paraganglia
10947:ventricular
10920:ventricular
10869:QT interval
10864:QRS complex
10859:PR interval
10832:ventricular
10770:Dromotropic
10491:Pericardium
10400:Endocardium
10347:left atrium
10251:venae cavae
10241:Right heart
10092:interatrial
9997:In Our Time
9534:20 February
8976:19 December
8951:22 December
8926:19 December
8901:19 December
8812:20 December
8786:20 December
8760:20 December
8735:20 December
8430:20 December
8017:Circulation
7500:: 207â274.
7259:19 November
7174:19 November
7149:19 November
7124:19 November
7046:Heart Views
6860:Circulation
6631:2434/427148
6245:(1): 1â10.
6202:Circulation
6091:. obgyn.net
4656:echinoderms
4600:haemocyanin
4557:cell nuclei
4517:and in the
4356:Left atrium
4296:pericardium
4292:vertebrates
4279:Vertebrates
4260:recipe for
4138:pan-Ottoman
4112:In certain
4103:Renaissance
4045:Catholicism
3932:seal script
3911:during the
3792:seal script
3720:hieroglyphs
3598:James Hardy
3494:magnum opus
3433:Hippocrates
3252:arrhythmias
3047:angiography
3001:QRS complex
2960:cholesterol
2900:Blood tests
2882:stethoscope
2829:stethoscope
2720:Examination
2698:blood tests
2481:tachycardia
2477:heart block
2469:bradycardia
2309:arrhythmias
2267:cholesterol
2105:dehydration
2089:epinephrine
2048:The normal
2030:contraction
1953:The normal
1791:sympathetic
1607:capillaries
1589:venae cavae
1578:right heart
1571:respiration
1411:Development
1344:vagus nerve
1212:Pericardium
1206:Pericardium
1168:tropomyosin
1087:endothelins
1083:endothelium
1064:endocardium
952:venae cavae
928:Right heart
811:electricity
777:right heart
685:venae cavae
669:pericardium
654:mediastinum
551:stethoscope
509:which uses
499:stethoscope
421:capillaries
358:vertebrates
354:endocardium
338:pericardium
322:right heart
307:mediastinum
167:Identifiers
161:vagus nerve
81:Circulatory
18:Right heart
11172:Categories
11089:Baroreflex
11006:Compliance
10998:Blood flow
10874:ST segment
10802:Conduction
10792:Lusitropic
10764:Heart rate
10747:Heart rate
10699:Ultrasound
10630:Heart rate
10418:Myocardium
10331:Left heart
10161:ventricles
8751:"PROPHECY"
8364:Britannica
7772:: 118â29.
7667:: 857657.
6001:17 October
5821:(1): 475.
5466:18 October
5440:21 October
4841:References
4619:earthworms
4611:cephalopod
4592:haemolymph
4576:Arthropods
4430:Archosaurs
4404:crocodiles
4377:amphibians
4312:homologous
4300:peritoneum
4272:See also:
4237:Australian
4233:marination
4173:Indonesian
4122:colexified
4116:, such as
4065:John Eudes
4005:physician
3894:, such as
3828:, and the
3592:The first
3534:Otto Frank
3453:Pre-modern
3326:pacemakers
3264:amiodarone
3222:surgically
3096:CT scans,
3091:dobutamine
3059:PET, scans
3039:ultrasound
2921:biomarkers
2840:media help
2446:sinus node
2440:Arrhythmia
2399:media help
2216:dieticians
2210:including
2044:Influences
2028:to enable
2022:troponin C
1949:potential.
1937:media help
1894:Heart rate
1888:Heart rate
1795:adrenaline
1634:arterioles
1626:left heart
1507:Blood flow
1494:Physiology
1141:myofibrils
1072:epicardium
1070:and outer
1068:myocardium
994:Left heart
892:and three
781:left heart
753:ventricles
716:left heart
611:See also:
563:media help
511:ultrasound
479:chest pain
463:overweight
417:arterioles
356:. In all
350:myocardium
346:epicardium
326:left heart
318:ventricles
11049:Diastolic
11021:Perfusion
10780:Inotropic
10659:Afterload
9993:The Heart
9822:14 August
9448:1540-7063
9301:16 August
8872:cite book
8656:Aristotle
8549:cite book
8539:16 August
8079:0899-8280
7580:1873-734X
7516:1879-1484
7387:14 August
7218:2297-055X
7058:1995-705X
7011:0028-0836
6944:1522-9645
6882:1524-4539
6833:1532-2092
6778:1532-2092
6714:1873-734X
6655:221675744
6639:1879-0844
6026:CiteSeerX
5908:cite book
5900:213300667
5837:1471-2164
5780:0036-8075
5560:1879-1336
5522:14 August
5250:: e7096.
5217:1570-7555
5200:1003.1872
5170:11 August
4640:chordates
4638:Only the
4578:and most
4569:arthropod
4504:tetrapods
4415:tetrapods
4379:and most
4362:Ventricle
4164:Brazilian
4141:kokoretsi
4030:tona-tiuh
3991:Aristotle
3987:classical
3884:intention
3830:third eye
3813:Elize Ryd
3740:Symbolism
3642:Baltimore
3610:Cape Town
3573:prompted
3547:Although
3500:wrote in
3425:Aristotle
3365:diuretics
3214:tricuspid
3112:Treatment
3067:esophagus
2912:biomarker
2762:or using
2736:palpation
2684:Diagnosis
2343:inherited
2164:. If the
1994:potassium
1779:inotropes
1764:Afterload
1747:afterload
1688:tricuspid
1619:diffusion
1615:exchanged
1593:diaphragm
1480:embryonic
1394:) at the
1379:brainstem
1250:nutrients
1133:syncytium
1066:, middle
571:Structure
491:listening
425:nutrients
279:nutrients
11044:Systolic
10822:cardiac
10233:Chambers
10128:Internal
10108:borders
10087:coronary
9855:Archived
9782:Archived
9748:Archived
9717:Archived
9686:Archived
9652:Archived
9614:BBC News
9584:Archived
9525:Archived
9521:28733499
9479:Archived
9404:Archived
9295:Archived
9264:Archived
9233:41815414
9225:12890185
9173:, p. 230
9152:, p. 508
8807:Bioneers
8617:archived
8533:Archived
8499:Archived
8372:Archived
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