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Programs are run by first sliding three slides so that the number in the instruction register equals the number in the memory cell the bug is sitting in. Once that is done the bug is moved to the next memory cell. The user then follows an arrow which will then tell them what to do next. This
385:– hosted on Macintosh, Windows (untested), and Linux (untested); provides editor, simple assembler, and examples; opcodes 0 and 9 are interchanged as described on the page; source code appears to be proprietary; free downloads
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jump to a specified memory cell. The current cell number is written in cell 99. This allows for one level of subroutines by having the return be the instruction at cell 99 (which had '8' hardcoded as the first digit.
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numbers from 0 to ±999 and are written with a pencil. Cells are erased with an eraser. A “bug” is provided to act as a program counter, and is placed in a hole beside the current memory cell.
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High level languages have never been developed for CARDIAC as they would defeat one of the purposes of the device: to introduce concepts of assembly language programming.
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which can hold signed numbers from 0 to ±999. It has an instruction set of 10 instructions which allows CARDIAC to add, subtract, test, shift, input, output and jump.
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The computer "operates" by means of pencil and sliding cards. Any arithmetic is done in the head of the person operating the computer. The computer operates in
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145:). Addressing is one of accumulator to memory absolute, absolute memory to accumulator, input to absolute memory and absolute memory to output.
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92:” of the computer consists of 4 slides that move various numbers and arrows to have the flow of the real CPU (the user's
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shifts the accumulator x places left, then y places right, where x is the upper address digit and y is the lower.
403:– Al Williams' FPGA implementation of CARDIAC on an FPGA board (final article of a series on Dr. Dobb's web site)
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program running in a CARDIAC emulator. The program outputs 1, 2, 4, 8, …, 512 and halts after 277 steps.
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performs a sign test on the contents of the accumulator; if minus, jump to a specified memory cell.
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96:) move the right way. They have one flag (+/-), affected by the result in the accumulator.
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Programs are hand assembled and then are penciled into the appropriate memory cells.
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consists of the other half of the cardboard cutout. There are 100 cells. Cell 0 is “
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work. The kit consists of an instruction manual and a die-cut cardboard "computer".
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clear the accumulator and add the contents of a memory cell to the accumulator.
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take a number from the specified memory cell and write it on the output card.
110:”; available for instructions and data; and cell 99 can best be described as “
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133:. An instruction is three decimal digits (the sign is ignored) in the form
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take a number from the input card and put it in a specified memory cell.
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subtract the contents of a specified memory cell from the accumulator.
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397:– Al Williams' spreadsheet version of CARDIAC on the Dr. Dobb's site
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copy the contents of the accumulator into a specified memory cell.
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409:- This is a RUST implementation of an emulator for the CARDIAC
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move bug to the specified cell, then stop program execution.
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an interpreter and interactive debugger on the .NET platform
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106:”, always containing a numeric "1"; cells 1 to 98 are “
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add the contents of a memory cell to the accumulator.
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141:); the second and third digits are an address (
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57:in 1968 to teach high school students how
389:Quick Tour of the Built CARDIAC computer
327:continues for all of program execution.
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137:. The first digit is the op code (
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433:Educational programming languages
383:Software Emulator for the CARDIAC
357:with examples and a simulator in
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45:is a learning aid developed by
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428:Educational abstract machines
339:(another instructional model)
129:CARDIAC has a 10 instruction
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355:a discussion of the CARDIAC
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55:Bell Telephone Laboratories
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227:Test accumulator contents
117:Memory cells hold signed
407:Emulator written in RUST
160:CARDIAC Instruction Set
84:Front of CARDIAC device
372:– a simulator for the
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423:Models of computation
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395:CPU Design on Paper
337:Little man computer
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343:WDR paper computer
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47:David Hagelbarger
16:(Redirected from
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312:Halt and reset
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155:Instruction Set
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174:Description
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70:memory cells
68:and has 100
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36:power of two
27:Learning aid
378:SourceForge
171:Instruction
125:Programming
417:Categories
391:on YouTube
370:cinc/jcinc
359:JavaScript
366:on GitHub
322:Operation
283:Subtract
59:computers
331:See also
168:Mnemonic
76:Hardware
255:Output
119:decimal
66:base 10
18:CARDIAC
269:Store
241:Shift
185:Input
165:Opcode
112:EEPROM
100:Memory
297:Jump
94:brain
88:The “
53:for
213:Add
49:and
309:HRS
294:JMP
280:SUB
266:STO
252:OUT
238:SFT
224:TAC
210:ADD
196:CLA
182:INP
135:OAA
114:”.
108:RAM
104:ROM
90:CPU
419::
143:AA
34:A
306:9
291:8
277:7
263:6
249:5
235:4
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207:2
193:1
179:0
139:O
20:)
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