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887:) was used, in effect, to indict Owen for perjury: Owen had argued that the absence of those structures in apes was connected with the lesser size to which the ape brains grew, but he then conceded that a poorly developed version might be construed as present without preventing him from arguing that brain size was still the major way of distinguishing apes and humans.
1196:). In this, Owen had no supporters at all. Also, his unwillingness to come off the fence concerning evolution became increasingly damaging to his reputation as time went on. Owen continued working after his official retirement at the age of 79, but he never recovered the good opinions he had garnered in his younger days.
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showed, in 1849, how their segmentation related to other crustaceans, showing how they had diverged from their relatives. To both Darwin and Owen such "homologies" in comparative anatomy were evidence of descent. Owen demonstrated fossil evidence of an evolutionary sequence of horses, as supporting
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of gigantic size. Most fossil material found in
Australia and New Zealand was initially sent to England for expert examination, and with the assistance of the local collectors Owen became the first authority on the palaeontology of the region. While occupied with so much material from abroad, Owen
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Huxley's campaign ran over two years and was devastatingly successful at persuading the overall scientific community, with each "slaying" being followed by a recruiting drive for the
Darwinian cause. The spite lingered. While Owen had argued that humans were distinct from apes by virtue of having
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Owen, as
President-elect of the Royal Association, announced his authoritative anatomical studies of primate brains, claiming that the human brain had structures that ape brains did not and that therefore humans were a separate sub-class, starting a dispute which was subsequently satirised as the
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Owen countered Huxley by saying the brains of all human races were really of similar size and intellectual ability, and that the fact that humans had brains that were twice the size of large apes like male gorillas, even though humans had much smaller bodies, made humans distinguishable.
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Owen's lost scientific standing was not due solely to his underhanded dealings with colleagues; it was also due to serious errors of scientific judgement that were discovered and publicized. A fine example was his decision to classify man in a separate subclass of the
Mammalia (see
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1988:
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in April 1860. In the article, Owen was critical of Darwin for not offering many new observations, and heaped praise (in the third person) upon himself, while being careful not to associate any particular comment with his own name. Owen did praise, however, the
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Science historian
Evelleen Richards has argued that Owen was likely sympathetic to developmental theories of evolution, but backed away from publicly proclaiming them after the critical reaction that had greeted the anonymously published evolutionary book
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described him as "the most distinguished vertebrate zoologist and palaeontologist ... but a most deceitful and odious man". Charles Darwin stated that "No one fact tells so strongly against Owen ... as that he has never reared one pupil or follower."
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While he made several contributions to science and public learning, Owen was a controversial figure among his contemporaries, both for his disagreements on matters of common descent and for accusations that he took credit for other people's work.
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Owen has been described by some as a malicious, dishonest and hateful individual. He has been described in one biography as being a "social experimenter with a penchant for sadism. Addicted to controversy and driven by arrogance and jealousy".
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While occupied with the cataloguing of the
Hunterian collection, Owen did not confine his attention to the preparations before him but also seized every opportunity to dissect fresh subjects. He was allowed to examine all animals that died in
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and Owen ... At the root was Owen's feeling that Kew should be subordinate to the
British Museum (and to Owen) and should not be allowed to develop as an independent scientific institution with the advantage of a great botanic
1165:"There is no doubt that rivalry resulted between the British Museum, where there was the very important Herbarium of the Department of Botany, and Kew. The rivalry at times became extremely personal, especially between
381:. He then devoted much of his energies to a great scheme for a National Museum of Natural History, which eventually resulted in the removal of the natural history collections of the British Museum to a new building at
1378:"The combination of such characters ... will, it is presumed, be deemed sufficient ground for establishing a distinct tribe or sub-order of Saurian Reptiles, for which I would propose the name of Dinosauria*. (*Gr.
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stated that Owen possessed an "almost fanatical egoism with a callous delight in savaging his critics." An Oxford
University professor once described Owen as "a damned liar. He lied for God and for malice".
1647:
1788:
Collette, Joseph H; Gass, Kenneth C; Hagadorn, James W (2012). "Protichnites eremita unshelled? Experimental model-based neoichnology and new evidence for a euthycarcinoid affinity for this ichnospecies".
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1186:) and may be somewhat undeserved. In the first part of his career, he was rightly regarded as one of the great scientific figures of the age. In the second part of his career, his reputation fell.
849:, standing erect and being transmuted into men, but Owen did not rule out the possibility that humans had evolved from other extinct animals by evolutionary mechanisms other than transmutation.
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Sometime during the 1840s Owen came to the conclusion that species arise as the result of some sort of evolutionary process. He believed that there were a total of six possible mechanisms:
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503:, both living and extinct, and it was he who proposed the universally-accepted subdivision of this class into the two orders of Dibranchiata and Tetrabranchiata (1832). In 1852 Owen named
452:'s gardens and, when the Zoo began to publish scientific proceedings, in 1831, he was the most prolific contributor of anatomical papers. His first notable publication, however, was his
864:, Huxley's arguments with Owen continued. Owen tried to smear Huxley, by portraying him as an "advocate of man's origins from a transmuted ape" and one of his contributions to the
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1081:. This was not the first or last time Owen would falsely claim a discovery as his own. It has also been suggested by some authors that Owen even used his influence in the
680:, provided material for the first of Owen's long series of papers on the extinct mammals of Australia, which were eventually reprinted in book-form in 1877. He described
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1106:, some historians claim, was that Owen felt upstaged by Darwin and supporters such as Huxley, and his judgment was clouded by jealousy. Owen in Darwin's opinion was
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459:(London, 1832), which was soon recognized as a classic. Thenceforth, he continued to make important contributions to every department of comparative anatomy and
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It has been suggested by some authors that the portrayal of Owen as a vindictive and treacherous man was fostered and encouraged by his rivals (particularly
612:, Owen helped create the first life-size sculptures depicting dinosaurs as he thought they might have appeared. Some models were initially created for the
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517:, and he did this more than 150 years before any fossils of the animal were found. Owen envisioned a resemblance of the animal to the living arthropod
1339:
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Collette, Joseph H. & Hagadorn, James W. (2010). "Three-dimensionally preserved arthropods from
Cambrian Lagerstatten of Quebec and Wisconsin".
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to ensure that many of
Mantell's research papers were never published. Owen was finally dismissed from the Royal Society's Zoological Council for
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on any freshly dead animal at the London Zoo. His wife once arrived home to find the carcass of a newly deceased rhinoceros in her front hallway.
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300:. Owen's approach to evolution can be considered to have anticipated the issues that have gained greater attention with the recent emergence of
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Collette, Joseph H.; Hagadorn, James W. (2010). "Three-Dimensionally Preserved Arthropods from Cambrian LagerstÀtten of Quebec and Wisconsin".
421:
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On the Nature of Limbs: A Discourse, with a preface by Brian Hall, and essays by Ron Amundson, Kevin Padian, Mary Winsor, and Jennifer Coggon
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argues that, "by making the Natural History Museum an institution for everyone, Owen transformed our expectations of what museums are for."
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large brains, Huxley claimed that racial diversity blurred any such distinction. In his paper criticizing Owen, Huxley directly states:
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Owen suggested that humans ultimately evolved from fish, as the result of natural laws, which resulted in Owen being criticized in the
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was also busily collecting facts for an exhaustive work on similar fossils from the British Isles and, in 1844â1846, he published his
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857:. Owen's main argument was that humans have much larger brains for their body size than other mammals including the great apes.
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in London and his statue was in the main hall there until 2009, when it was replaced with a statue of Darwin. A bust of Owen by
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he made very special studies, which much advanced knowledge and settled the classification that has long been accepted. Among
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unshelled? Experimental model-based neoichnology and new evidence for a euthycarcinoid affinity for this ichnospecies".
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Report of the Eleventh Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; Held at Plymouth in July 1841
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A Discourse, with a preface by Brian Hall, and essays by Ron Amundson, Kevin Padian, Mary Winsor, and Jennifer Coggon.
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In 1862 (and later occasions) Huxley took the opportunity to arrange demonstrations of ape brain anatomy (e.g. at the
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in 1851, he joined as a foreign member. In 1845, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society.
420:. In 1844 he became an associated member of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands. When this Institute became the
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1110:"Spiteful, extremely malignant, clever; the Londoners say he is mad with envy because my book is so talked about".
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377:. He held the latter office until 1856 when he became superintendent of the natural history department of the
265:. Owen is generally considered to have been an outstanding naturalist with a remarkable gift for interpreting
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Antiquity of Man as deduced from the Discovery of a Human Skeleton during Excavations of the Docks at Tilbury
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Antiquity of Man as deduced from the Discovery of a Human Skeleton during Excavations of the Docks at Tilbury
509:â the oldest footprints found on land. Applying his knowledge of anatomy, he correctly postulated that these
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Owen also resorted to the same subterfuge he used against Mantell, writing another anonymous article in the
624:, in south London. Owen famously hosted a dinner for 21 prominent men of science inside the hollow concrete
389:). He retained office until the completion of this work, in December 1883, when he was made a knight of the
294:, Owen agreed with Darwin that evolution occurred but thought it was more complex than outlined in Darwin's
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Petrifications and their teachings: or, a handbook to the gallery of organic remains of the British Museum
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of extinct forms and his chief memoirs, on British specimens, were reprinted in a connected series in his
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Owen produced a vast array of scientific work, but is probably best remembered today for coining the word
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in 1826. In 1836, Owen was appointed Hunterian professor at the Royal College, and in 1849, he succeeded
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1708:"Description of the impressions and footprints of the Protichnites from the Potsdam sandstone of Canada"
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Richards, Evellen, (1987), "A Question of Property Rights: Richard Owen's Evolutionism Reassessed",
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1372:. Report of the ... Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1833): 60â204.
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789:, Lamarckian hypertrophy and transmutation, of which he thought transmutation was the least likely.
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for a period of over fifty years. In the sponges, Owen was the first to describe the now well-known
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Richards, Evellen (1987). "A question of property rights: Richard Owen's evolutionism reassessed".
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559:(4 vols. London 1849â1884). He published the first important general account of the great group of
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More letters of Charles Darwin: A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters
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his idea of development from archetypes in "ordained continuous becoming" and, in 1854, gave a
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to be given a new home. This resulted in the establishment, in 1881, of the now world-famous
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in central Lancaster is named in his honour, and there is a blue plaque in his honour at
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in 1844 (it was revealed only decades later that the book had been authored by publisher
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1132:'s description of Darwin's work on insect behaviour and pigeon breeding as "real gems".
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Owen, Richard (published anonymously) (April 1860). "Darwin on the Origin of Species".
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PalĂŠontology or a Systematic Summary of Extinct Animals and Their Geological Relations
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709:(Palaeont. Soc., 1871). One of his latest publications was a little work entitled
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performed the dissection). Visual evidence of the supposedly missing structures (
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Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783â2002
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on New Year's Eve 1853. However, in 1849, a few years before his death in 1852,
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2326:. Vol. V (1891-1892). London: Macmillan and Co., Limited. pp. 291â299
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Darwin, Charles (1 July 2001). Darwin, Francis; Seward, Albert Charles (eds.).
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claimed it was "a pity a man so talented should be so dastardly and envious".
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The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin: Including an Autobiographical Chapter
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Caricature of an elderly Owen, captioned "Old Bones", in the London magazine
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477:(1835), the parasite infesting the muscles of man in the disease now termed
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The Changing Role of the Embryo in Evolutionary Thought: Roots of Evo-Devo.
2320:"SIR RICHARD OWEN (1804-1892) (Obituary Notice, Monday, December 19, 1892)"
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2009:
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1115:"It is painful to be hated in the intense degree with which Owen hates me".
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talk on the impossibility of bestial apes, such as the recently discovered
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Terrible Lizard: The First Dinosaur Hunters and the Birth of a New Science
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The Changing Role of the Embryo in Evolutionary Thought: Roots of Evo-Devo
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2014:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 198 "Owen, R.".
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Collette, Joseph H., Gass, Kenneth C. & Hagadorn, James W. (2012). "
586:) "lizard". Owen used 3 genera to define the dinosaurs: the carnivorous
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1996:
1911:
1612:"Sir Richard Owen 1804â1892 Obituary Notice, Monday, December 19, 1892"
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753: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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473:(1841, 1857). Among Entozoa, his most noteworthy discovery was that of
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He died at home on 15 December 1892 and is buried in the churchyard at
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408:. The royal family presented him with the cottage in Richmond Park and
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1618:. Vol. V, 1891â1892. Macmillan & Co. 1896. pp. 291â299.
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Owen was also a party to the threat to end government funding of the
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Owen was the driving force behind the establishment, in 1881, of the
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Archetypes and Ancestors: Paleontology in Victorian London 1850â1875
1707:
815:). Owen had been criticized for his own evolutionary remarks in his
785:, prolonged development, premature birth, congenital malformations,
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Owen became a surgeon's apprentice in 1820 and was appointed to the
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Owen's Ape & Darwin's Bulldog: Beyond Darwinism and Creationism
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Owen's Ape & Darwin's Bulldog: Beyond Darwinism and Creationism
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1978:
1961:
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Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
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A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters.
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225:
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1632:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from
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642:-like animal, as Owen was proposing, but had slender forelimbs
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Owen always tended to support orthodox men of science and the
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in 1839 and edited many issues of its journal â then known as
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Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
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Cartoon portraits and biographical sketches of men of the day
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for denying that species such as humans were created by God.
655:
1330:"Richard Owen: the greatest scientist you've never heard of"
718:
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Monograph of the Fossil Mammalia of the Mesozoic Formations
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Monograph of the Fossil Mammalia of the Mesozoic Formations
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Alumni of the Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital
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Richard Owen: the greatest scientist you've never heard of
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On the Archetype and Homologies of the Vertebrate Skeleton
2547:. 2. Vol. 1, no. 1. pp. 67â84 – via
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On the zoological relations of man with the lower animals
1995:. 2. Vol. 1, no. 1. pp. 67â84 – via
1989:
On the zoological relations of man with the lower animals
1426:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 1â192.
1023:
2010:
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
1781:
1218:
Description of the Skeleton of an Extinct Gigantic Sloth
923:, the orang brain, in a series, the differences between
705:, which was followed by many later memoirs, notably his
317:. Owen also campaigned for the natural specimens in the
282:" or "Fearfully Great Reptile"). An outspoken critic of
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was titled "Ape-origin of man as tested by the brain".
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People involved in race and intelligence controversies
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Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
2558:"Description of the impressions and footprints of the
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Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C., editors (1903).
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of Owen "riding his hobby", by Frederick Waddy (1873).
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Eminent Persons: Biographies reprinted from The Times
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Eminent persons: Biographies reprinted from the Times
1402:"Sir Richard Owen: The man who invented the dinosaur"
493:, he described not only the pearly nautilus but also
1936:
Owen, Richard (January 2007) . Amundson, Ron (ed.).
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1456:. New York: Cambridge University of Press. pp.
638:, of which he was the discoverer, was not a heavy,
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535:Richard Owen in 1856 with the skull of a crocodile
416:. In 1843, he was elected a foreign member of the
3471:People educated at Lancaster Royal Grammar School
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1323:
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253:(20 July 1804 â 18 December 1892) was an English
16:English biologist and palaeontologist (1804â1892)
3461:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
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1856:
1744:
1298:Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia of South Africa
385:: the British Museum (Natural History) (now the
3416:Employees of the Natural History Museum, London
1483:"175th Anniversary Special Issue: Introduction"
146:, presenting them as a distinct taxonomic group
3491:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (civil class)
2566:Geological Society of London Quarterly Journal
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1712:Geological Society of London Quarterly Journal
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527:Fish, reptiles, birds, and naming of dinosaurs
422:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
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2497:. London: Michael Joseph, the Penguin Group.
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2174:. Vol. 1 – via Project Gutenberg.
1680:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.
1529:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp.
2442:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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543:Owen's coining of the word dinosaur in 1841
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3426:Fellows of the Royal Microscopical Society
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2730:British Journal for the History of Science
2305:. London: Tinsley Brothers. pp. 36â37
2266:"Sir Richard Owen: The archetypal villain"
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1891:British Journal for the History of Science
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513:trackways were made by an extinct type of
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2483:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
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769:Learn how and when to remove this message
719:Owen, Darwin, and the theory of evolution
2696:Owen, Richard (Owen's grandson) (1894).
2663:Owen, Richard (Owen's grandson) (1894).
2342:New York: Cambridge University of Press.
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1100:Another reason for his criticism of the
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400:Sheen Lodge, Richmond Park, home of Owen
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3220:Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz
2630:(January 2007) . Amundson, Ron (ed.).
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2114:. Library of Alexandria. p. 153.
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563:land-reptiles, and he coined the name
3406:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
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2594:Owen, Richard (published anonymously)
2562:from the Potsdam sandstone of Canada"
1600:(11): 60â63 – via academia.edu.
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1328:Shindler, Karolyn (7 December 2010).
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2352:A Short History of Nearly Everything
2295:Anonymous (1873). "Professor Owen".
2144:A Short History of Nearly Everything
1935:
1833:
1705:
1560:A Short History of Nearly Everything
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1005:, was named in his honour by French
751:adding citations to reliable sources
722:
307:Owen was the first president of the
2749:, The Telegraph, 16 December 2010.
2740:Richard Owen: Victorian Naturalist.
1067:Owen famously credited himself and
578:) "terrible, powerful, wondrous" +
13:
3516:Burials at St Andrew's Church, Ham
3446:Fullerian Professors of Physiology
2287:
1526:Richard Owen: Victorian Naturalist
1230:History of British Fossil Reptiles
645:
557:History of British Fossil Reptiles
302:evolutionary developmental biology
14:
3537:
3476:People from Lancaster, Lancashire
2856:Fullerian Professor of Physiology
2819:National Portrait Gallery, London
2757:
2742:New Haven: Yale University Press.
2578:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1852.008.01-02.26
2239:. London, UK: Nelson. p. 90.
2211:"Darwin on the Origin of Species"
2012:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
1724:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1852.008.01-02.26
1096:Owen with his granddaughter Emily
972:Supplanted statue of Owen in the
676:'s discovery of fossil bones, in
418:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
149:British Museum of Natural History
3421:English people of French descent
2802:
2787:
2775:
2763:
2529:
2036:"The Sir Richard Owen Lancaster"
1977:
727:
359:British Museum (Natural History)
3506:19th-century British biologists
3401:English people of Welsh descent
3354:
2258:
2243:
2228:
2203:
2161:
2100:
2080:
2054:
2003:
1665:
1640:
1622:
1604:
1422:Cosans, Christopher E. (2009).
1199:
738:needs additional citations for
309:Microscopical Society of London
3486:Recipients of the Copley Medal
2829:Works by or about Richard Owen
2171:More Letters of Charles Darwin
2112:More Letters of Charles Darwin
2062:"Rocky road: Sir Richard Owen"
1581:
1563:. London: Doubleday. pp.
1474:
1028:Lancaster Royal Grammar School
834:development of Darwin's theory
1:
2479:Cosans, Christopher, (2009),
2334:– via Internet Archive.
1867:. NSW: Reed. pp. 49â51.
1312:
1266:Volume I, Fishes and Reptiles
1206:Memoir on the Pearly Nautilus
980:He was the first director in
63:
21:Richard Owen (disambiguation)
3431:Fellows of the Royal Society
1630:"Richard Owen (1804 - 1892)"
1271:Volume II, Birds and Mammals
1010:André Marie Constant Duméril
999:of Central American lizard,
692:(1859), and extinct species
340:
7:
2751:(accessed 16 December 2010)
2638:University of Chicago Press
2147:. Black Swan. p. 123.
2093:Charles Darwin: A companion
1944:University of Chicago Press
1840:Mantell, Gideon A. (1851).
862:reaction to Darwin's theory
610:Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins
10:
3542:
3164:Jean-Baptiste Boussingault
3140:August Wilhelm von Hofmann
1262:Available at Google Books:
1153:botanical collection (see
1151:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1071:with the discovery of the
855:Great Hippocampus Question
18:
3360:Cosans, 2009, pp. 108â111
2942:
2892:
2883:
2877:
2872:
2862:
2853:
2845:
2840:
2815:Portraits of Richard Owen
1904:10.1017/S0007087400023724
1863:Vickers-Rich, P. (1993).
1287:Full book on Wiki commons
1155:Attacks on Hooker and Kew
963:
654:Owen's illustration of a
367:Royal College of Surgeons
231:
209:
202:
154:
138:
133:St Bartholomew's Hospital
124:
114:
95:
73:
55:
30:
3396:English palaeontologists
2873:Awards and achievements
2699:The Life of Richard Owen
2666:The Life of Richard Owen
2600:on the Origin of Species
2381:. New York: Henry Holt.
1404:. BBC. 18 February 2017.
1034:Conflicts with his peers
990:Hunterian Museum, London
614:Great Exhibition of 1851
297:On the Origin of Species
3501:Wollaston Medal winners
3466:Non-Darwinian evolution
3108:Julius Robert von Mayer
2702:. Vol. 2. London:
2669:. Vol. 1. London:
2515:(7th Edition). London:
2453:Journal of Paleontology
2402:Journal of Paleontology
2338:Amundson, Ron, (2007),
1791:Journal of Paleontology
1747:Journal of Paleontology
1588:Eiland, Murray (2004).
1498:10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2818
836:, his investigation of
819:in 1849. At the end of
314:The Microscopic Journal
129:University of Edinburgh
3521:Theistic evolutionists
3180:James Joseph Sylvester
2996:Michel EugĂšne Chevreul
2956:Alexander von Humboldt
2780:Quotations related to
2556:Owen, Richard (1852).
2545:Natural History Review
2526:. London: John Murray.
2235:Turrill, W.B. (1963).
1993:Natural History Review
1939:On the Nature of Limbs
1844:. London: H. G. Bohn.
1706:Owen, Richard (1852).
1364:Owen, Richard (1841).
1254:Anatomy of Vertebrates
1236:On the Nature of Limbs
1146:
1097:
1046:
988:(1896) is held in the
982:Natural History Museum
977:
974:Natural History Museum
903:, the European brain,
821:On the Nature of Limbs
817:On the Nature of Limbs
801:
672:At the same time, Sir
667:right of first refusal
662:
544:
536:
401:
387:Natural History Museum
373:as conservator of the
362:
350:
349:The young Richard Owen
323:Natural History Museum
3481:Philosophical theists
3284:George Gabriel Stokes
3188:Charles Adolphe Wurtz
3124:Hermann von Helmholtz
3092:Henri Victor Regnault
2972:Johannes Peter MĂŒller
2964:Heinrich Wilhelm Dove
2355:. London: Doubleday.
2254:. London, UK: Muller.
1557:Bryson, Bill (2003).
1490:Journal of Microscopy
1481:Wilson, Tony (2016).
1193:Man's place in nature
1138:
1095:
1061:Richard Broke Freeman
1041:
1019:The Sir Richard Owen
971:
795:
653:
542:
534:
454:Memoir on the Pearly
443:Work on invertebrates
399:
356:
348:
259:comparative anatomist
3268:Stanislao Cannizzaro
3236:Joseph Dalton Hooker
3100:James Prescott Joule
3012:Wilhelm Eduard Weber
2772:at Wikimedia Commons
2398:Protichnites eremita
2250:Desmond, A. (1982).
2237:Joseph Dalton Hooker
1865:Wildlife of Gondwana
1652:search.amphilsoc.org
1648:"APS Member History"
1590:"London's Dinosaurs"
1232:(4 vols., 1849â1884)
826:Manchester Spectator
747:improve this article
547:Most of his work on
481:(see also, however,
465:Venus' Flower Basket
19:For other uses, see
3496:Royal Medal winners
3340:Marcellin Berthelot
3332:John William Strutt
3316:Albert von Kölliker
3244:Thomas Henry Huxley
3228:Franz Ernst Neumann
3076:Karl Ernst von Baer
2988:Henri Milne-Edwards
2849:Thomas Henry Huxley
2745:Shindler, Karolyn.
2414:2012JPal...86..442C
1803:2012JPal...86..442C
1382:, fearfully great;
1342:on 10 December 2010
1276:Volume III, Mammals
1157:), orchestrated by
1002:Diploglossus owenii
843:British Association
278:(meaning "Terrible
214:Comparative anatomy
3391:English biologists
3386:English anatomists
3084:Charles Wheatstone
2792:Works by or about
2318:Anonymous (1896).
2066:Strangescience.net
2042:. J.D. Wetherspoon
1521:Rupke, Nicolaas A.
1386:, a lizard. ... )"
1283:Memoir of the Dodo
1147:
1098:
1047:
978:
802:
787:Lamarckian atrophy
663:
634:had realised that
618:the Crystal Palace
592:, the herbivorous
545:
537:
429:St Andrew's Church
402:
363:
351:
62:Portrait of Owen,
3350:
3349:
3156:James Dwight Dana
2935:Copley Medallists
2902:
2901:
2893:Succeeded by
2863:Succeeded by
2841:Academic offices
2768:Media related to
2713:978-0-8478-1188-5
2680:978-0-8478-1188-5
2647:978-0-226-64194-2
2537:Huxley, Thomas H.
2511:, editor (1887).
2388:978-0-8050-7087-3
2362:978-0-7679-0817-7
2301:. Illustrated by
2040:jdwetherspoon.com
2021:978-1-4214-0135-5
1985:Huxley, Thomas H.
1953:978-0-226-64194-2
1574:978-0-7679-0817-7
1433:978-0-253-22051-6
1159:Acton Smee Ayrton
895:... "if we place
885:hippocampus minor
779:
778:
771:
665:Owen was granted
620:was relocated to
499:(1850) and other
475:Trichina spiralis
391:Order of the Bath
292:natural selection
235:
234:
204:Scientific career
142:Coining the term
109:, London, England
3533:
3361:
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3327:
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3300:Karl Weierstrass
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2905:
2904:
2878:Preceded by
2846:Preceded by
2838:
2837:
2833:Internet Archive
2825:
2807:Data related to
2806:
2791:
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2767:
2725:
2692:
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2621:
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2607:Edinburgh Review
2589:
2572:(1â2): 214â225.
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2422:10.1666/11-056.1
2392:
2380:
2371:Cadbury, Deborah
2366:
2335:
2333:
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2279:
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2270:Darwin.gruts.com
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2215:Darwin.gruts.com
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2096:. Darwin Online.
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1636:on 11 June 2019.
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1338:. Archived from
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723:
715:(London, 1884).
437:Richmond, Surrey
383:South Kensington
375:Hunterian Museum
327:South Kensington
252:
238:Sir Richard Owen
198:
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99:18 December 1892
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2736:Rupke, Nicolaas
2714:
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2617:
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2509:Darwin, Francis
2487:Desmond, Adrian
2435:
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2303:Frederick Waddy
2290:
2288:Further reading
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1374:; see p. 103.
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1202:
1052:Deborah Cadbury
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934:
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926:
925:
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897:
881:posterior cornu
875:meeting, where
813:Robert Chambers
783:Parthenogenesis
775:
764:
758:
755:
744:
732:
721:
678:New South Wales
674:Thomas Mitchell
648:
646:Work on mammals
551:related to the
529:
483:Sir James Paget
445:
412:put him on the
343:
263:palaeontologist
240:
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3088:
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3068:Julius PlĂŒcker
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3060:Michel Chasles
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2812:
2811:at Wikispecies
2800:
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2759:
2758:External links
2756:
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2732:, 20: 129â171.
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2068:. 28 May 2011
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371:William Clift
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2948:Richard Owen
2947:
2886:Clarke Medal
2884:
2854:
2809:Richard Owen
2794:Richard Owen
2784:at Wikiquote
2782:Richard Owen
2770:Richard Owen
2746:
2739:
2729:
2698:
2665:
2632:
2627:
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2611:
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2569:
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2560:Protichnites
2559:
2544:
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2512:
2494:
2491:Moore, James
2480:
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2452:
2438:cite journal
2405:
2401:
2397:
2376:
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2347:Bryson, Bill
2339:
2328:. Retrieved
2323:
2307:. Retrieved
2297:
2276:17 September
2274:. Retrieved
2269:
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2220:17 September
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2044:. Retrieved
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2005:
1992:
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1965:
1938:
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1651:
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1624:
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1229:
1223:
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1212:Odontography
1211:
1205:
1200:Bibliography
1191:
1188:
1173:
1148:
1145:, March 1873
1140:
1127:
1120:
1118:
1101:
1099:
1072:
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1000:
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796:Owen with a
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745:Please help
740:verification
737:
711:
706:
702:
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681:
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635:
625:
607:
601:Hylaeosaurus
599:
593:
589:Megalosaurus
587:
583:
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575:
571:
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546:
518:
506:Protichnites
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446:
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312:
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295:
273:
271:
237:
236:
218:Paleontology
203:
187:Clarke Medal
173:Copley Medal
101:(1892-12-18)
84:20 July 1804
35:Richard Owen
25:
3381:1892 deaths
3376:1804 births
3212:Carl Ludwig
2937:(1851â1900)
2636:. Chicago:
2517:John Murray
1346:19 February
1214:(1840â1845)
1142:Vanity Fair
915:brain, and
860:During the
832:During the
686:(1838) and
501:Cephalopoda
487:Brachiopoda
479:trichinosis
470:Euplectella
410:Robert Peel
331:Bill Bryson
166:Royal Medal
115:Nationality
67: 1878
3370:Categories
2860:1858â1862
2798:Wikisource
2738:, (1994),
2656:2007009519
2549:Wikisource
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1874:0730103153
1313:References
1258:Image from
1087:plagiarism
1043:Caricature
689:Thylacoleo
683:Diprotodon
565:Dinosauria
450:London Zoo
414:Civil List
406:status quo
361:in London.
329:, London.
275:Dinosauria
180:Baly Medal
80:1804-07-20
2880:New award
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1016:in 1839.
913:Bosjesman
866:Athenaeum
838:barnacles
798:giant moa
759:June 2019
694:kangaroos
640:pachyderm
636:Iguanodon
627:Iguanodon
595:Iguanodon
553:skeletons
515:arthropod
341:Biography
288:evolution
255:biologist
90:, England
88:Lancaster
2722:03026819
2689:03026819
2598:"Darwin
2493:(1991).
2373:(2000).
2349:(2003).
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2090:(2007).
1657:12 April
1523:(1994).
1450:(2007).
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800:skeleton
660:skeleton
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561:Mesozoic
549:reptiles
511:Cambrian
491:Mollusca
456:Nautilus
144:dinosaur
2831:at the
2817:at the
2618:26 July
2410:Bibcode
2330:7 March
2046:14 June
1912:4026305
1850:8415138
1799:Bibcode
1285:(1866)
1256:(1866)
997:species
847:gorilla
698:wombats
520:Limulus
496:Spirula
461:zoology
435:, near
280:Reptile
267:fossils
226:Biology
222:Zoology
119:British
3342:(1900)
3334:(1899)
3326:(1898)
3318:(1897)
3310:(1896)
3302:(1895)
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3278:(1892)
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1167:Hooker
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1103:Origin
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576:deinos
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1908:JSTOR
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