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Out of the failures of the FAR came the FAR/Regional de
Occidente – a split-off group. This group criticized the foco strategy of the FAR, claiming that it failed to address the Indian question. It would operate clandestinely from 1971, until emerging as the Organización del Pueblo en Armas (ORPA) in
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By the early 1980s, it was clear that substantial numbers of Indian peasants throughout the highlands were supporting the guerrillas. Peasant support for the guerrillas in the area was such that ORPA could operate freely through the
Chimaltenango and Solola highlands, and controlled the major resort
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regime, as many as 8,000 peasants were murdered. This repression directly fed the guerrilla movement by cutting off all legal avenues in
Guatemalan politics, making armed resistance the only real method of political expression in the minds of many Guatemalans.
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of the 1960s, ORPA was critical of earlier guerrilla efforts in
Guatemala, which they saw as a failure. ORPA focused its efforts primarily in the heavily populated highlands and southern coast, and commanded much support among the Indian populations there.
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Although the new counterinsurgency campaign weakened the strength and resolve of the guerrilla forces, it did not eliminate them. By the mid-1980s, the guerrilla forces had reorganized, with ORPA playing a larger role in the URNG alliance than before.
309:. Because of ORPA's focus on the Indian population, by 1973 over 90 percent of members were of Indian descent. In the following years ORPA opened an urban front in Guatemala City, but the focus of its operations remained the central highlands.
266:, Guatemala was in a state of crisis. The new government brought to power by the United States suspended constitutional guarantees, jailed thousands of political and labor leaders, and exiled hundreds of others. In the first two months of the
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as
President. The Ríos Montt administration carried out a brutal counterinsurgency campaign against the guerrillas and their alleged supporters, killing thousands of civilians in the process.
17:
289:. One particularly important strategic failure realized by the guerrilla leadership was the inability of the guerrilla movement to incorporate the Indian population.
301:
ORPA initially focused its operations on the
Pacific Southern Coast, however, after 1971 it concentrated its forces in the heavily populated Indian highlands of
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regarding the perceived corruption and incompetence of the military command, a group of junior officers launched a
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area around Lake
Atitlan. In January 1982, ORPA, along with the EGP, FAR, and PGT Núcleo joined together in the
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However, this increase in strength would be short-lived. In March 1982, after increasing discontent in the
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in the late-1960s, the guerrilla leadership recognized and reflected upon the failures of the
Guevarist
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The Battle for
Guatemala: Rebels, Death Squads, and U.S. Power
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The Battle for
Guatemala: Rebels, Death Squads, and U.S. Power
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The Battle for Guatemala: Rebels, Death Squads, and U.S. Power
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The Battle for Guatemala: Rebels, Death Squads, and U.S. Power
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241:) was a Guatemalan guerrilla organization active in
315:Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca (URNG)
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562:Paramilitary organizations based in Guatemala
27:Guatemalan guerrilla organisation (1971-1996)
334:. A new military junta was installed, with
18:Revolutionary Organization of Armed People
488:Gift of the Devil: A History of Guatemala
463:Gift of the Devil: A History of Guatemala
410:Gift of the Devil: A History of Guatemala
547:Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity
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490:. South End Press. pp. 256–258.
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412:. South End Press. pp. 233–234.
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330:, overthrowing the administration of
552:Guerrilla movements in Latin America
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465:. South End Press. p. 249.
235:Organización del Pueblo en Armas
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515:. Westview Press. p. 190.
437:. Westview Press. p. 138.
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387:. Westview Press. p. 64.
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362:. Westview Press. p. 41.
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227:Organization of People in Arms
33:Organization of People in Arms
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274:Following the defeat of the
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332:Fernando Romeo Lucas García
264:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
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511:Jonas, Susanne (1991).
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358:Jonas, Susanne (1991).
322:Guatemalan Armed Forces
249:. A split-off from the
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94:Left-wing nationalism
542:Guatemalan Civil War
247:Guatemalan Civil War
218:Guatemalan Civil War
82:Guatemalan Highlands
486:Handy, Jim (1984).
461:Handy, Jim (1984).
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103:Indigenismo
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346:References
297:Activities
258:Formation
243:Guatemala
208:Argentina
153:Guatemala
142:Opponents
69:1971-1996
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278:and the
89:Ideology
231:Spanish
110:Part of
54:Leaders
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293:1979.
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517:ISBN
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389:ISBN
364:ISBN
305:and
285:foco
239:ORPA
225:The
114:URNG
276:FAR
251:FAR
136:FAR
132:EGP
124:PGT
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