348:
1043:
1021:
1035:
112:
89:
1013:
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213:). The land was distributed to Venetian colonists (both nobles and citizens) on the condition that they paid taxes, manned Venetian warships and defended the possession in the name of the motherland. The Venetians ruled Crete primarily for their own interest, driving Cretans to forced labour or conscripting them for the wars of the Republic. Since 1207 and including that of Saint Titus, Crete saw fourteen rebellions against Venetian rule. The Saint Titus rebellion was the first in which the Latin colonists were actively involved.
372:, they marched east towards Candia and, facing little resistance, they succeeded in re-capturing the city on May 10. Marco Gradenigo the Elder and two of his counselors were executed, while most of the rebel leaders fled to the mountains. Having secured Candia, Venetian forces took punitive actions to discourage a future revolt. Rewards for the capture of the fugitive insurgents were announced, those having participated in the revolt were banished from living in any Venetian territory and their properties were confiscated.
282:
initiated by the colonists themselves, who later allied with the Greeks of the island. Being a state colony, Crete featured a fiscal administration imposed over both the Latin and the indigenous population, thus creating the potential of a sympathy and later an alliance between the colonists and those being colonized. This was emphasized further by the fact that at the time of the revolt, settlers had been living in Crete for two or three generations and an
423:, promising remission of sins to those offering to fight in or support the war in Crete. The insurgents however managed to extend their domination further east, gaining control of most of the countryside. Eventually, it was only in 1368 and after several attempts that the resistance was shattered and the Venetian rule was consolidated over the entire island.
299:, its traditional enemy. Such was the concern on the issue that the authority for dealing with it passed from the Senate to the more powerful College. The first reaction of Venice was to attempt a reconciliation and send a delegation to Candia, expressing the hope that the colonists would again become faithful to the Republic of Venice.
364:
forcing the delegation to depart Genoa empty-handed. The
Venetian expeditionary fleet sailed from Venice on April 10, carrying foot soldiers, cavalry, mine sapper, and siege engineers. On 7 May 1364, and before the delegation to Genoa had returned to Candia, the Venetian forces invaded Crete, landing on the beach of
399:
The recapture of the principal cities did not signal the pacification of Crete. Despite the fact that the Latin leadership of the revolt had fallen apart, several feudatories were still hiding in the mountains and a significant portion of the Greek nobility, supported by Greek peasants, continued to
363:
In anticipation of the
Venetian army, the insurgents had begun to argue on the best way to proceed. Eventually, they settled for sending a delegation to Genoa, asking for assistance and offering it control of Crete. However, the Genoese kept their promise of neutrality and refused to intervene,
281:
The revolt of St. Titus was not the first attempt to dispute the
Venetian dominion in Crete. Riots fomented by Greek nobles trying to regain their past privileges were frequent, but these did not have the character of a "national" uprising. However, the revolt of 1363 was unique in that it was
261:
The following day, disobedient feudatories stormed the ducal palace and arrested
Dandolo and his counselors. Within a week, the revolt spread to the rest of the island and the commanders (rectors) of the main cities were substituted by men loyal to the insurgents. Marco Gradenigo the Elder
334:. Most responded positively, expressing their support and issuing decrees that instructed their subjects to refrain from making any contact or providing any aid to the insurgents on Crete. The Venetian government assigned the leadership of the army it was assembling to the
246:(the colony's governor). After being informed about the feudatories' attitude, Dandolo summoned before him twenty of them and insisted that they conform to the Senate's order. Later in the day, around seventy of the feudatories gathered in the church of
294:
News about the revolt reached Venice in early
September. Crete being one of its major overseas possessions, the Senate considered the revolt to be a serious threat to its security, comparable to that posed by
257:
and the Senate in Venice. Dandolo, however, refused to negotiate and ordered the new tax to be proclaimed to the assembled feudatories, asking them to consent on penalty of death and confiscation of property.
416:
faith and for freedom from Latin rule. Soon, the entire western part of Crete was in the hands of the insurgents, forcing the
Venetian authorities to mount yet another major campaign against them.
238:. As the tax was viewed more beneficial to the Venetian merchants rather than to the land owners, there was strong objection among the feudatories. The news quickly reached the ears of
155:. The rebels overthrew the official Venetian authorities and attempted to create an independent state, declaring Crete a republic under the protection of
1638:
250:, the island's patron saint. They decided to send three representatives to the duke, asking that the tax be suspended until a delegation had appealed to
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239:
1810:
189:. Owing to its central location along the trade routes, its size and its products, Crete had a strategic importance for the Venetian rule in the
641:
1249:
607:
918:
270:) was appointed governor and rector of the whole island. The figure of St. Titus was selected as the emblem of the newly established
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Venice demanded its colonies make large contributions to its food supply and the maintenance of its large fleets. On 8 August 1363,
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963:
953:
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After the failure of this attempt, Venice proceeded to organize an army to suppress the revolt. Requests for help were sent to
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in Candia were informed that a new tax, aimed to support the maintenance of the city's port, was to be imposed on them by the
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McKee, Sally (December 1994), "The Revolt of St Tito in fourteenth-century
Venetian Crete: A reassessment",
274:. Greeks were admitted to the Grand Council and the Council of Feudatories, and restrictions concerning the
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News of the victory reached Venice in June 1364 and was greeted with prolonged celebrations in the
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harass the
Venetian forces and settlers. The strongest resistance was instigated by the Greek
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process had made the local culture more familiar to them than that of their homeland Venice.
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The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571, Vol. 1: The
Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries
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Crete had been under
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At the Doge's request, the Pope declared the war against the insurgents a
209:) had been established, having as capital the city of Candia (present-day
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described in a letter, included mock battles, banquets, games, races and
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34:, symbol of the Venetian Republic, standing guard over the
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Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes
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99:Latin feudatories allied with the Greek population
143:) was a fourteenth-century rebellion against the
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412:and proclaimed that their struggle was for the
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1250:County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
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566:City of Fortune: How Venice Ruled the Seas
1766:Rebellions against the Republic of Venice
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387:. After the revolt, a new official, the
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1811:14th century in the Republic of Venice
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355:celebrating the recovery of Candia by
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1361:Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople
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1542:Catholic Church in the Middle East
1459:Boniface I, Marquess of Montferrat
193:. Occupied Crete was divided into
163:): the "Republic of Saint Titus".
14:
1822:
476:The Venetian Empire: A Sea Voyage
278:of Greek priests were abolished.
1477:Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam
1041:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1011:
642:Classical and Hellenistic period
110:
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24:
1547:Latin Church in the Middle East
508:Mediterranean Historical Review
351:Illustration of a joust in the
996:Fall of the Republic of Venice
904:Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes
849:War of the Euboeote Succession
538:American Philosophical Society
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433:
1:
1781:Medieval rebellions in Europe
442:"The Economy of Latin Greece"
426:
216:
844:Genoese occupation of Rhodes
326:and the Grand Master of the
7:
1711:Fortifications of Heraklion
1576:Heptanese school (painting)
899:Revolt of Alexios Kallergis
448:. Brill. pp. 185–216.
446:A Companion to Latin Greece
197:and a colony known as the "
10:
1827:
1260:Maona of Chios and Phocaea
395:Rebellion of the Callergis
223:Economic history of Venice
220:
170:
141:Eπανάσταση του Αγίου Τίτου
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1559:Catholic Church in Greece
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1472:Juan Fernández de Heredia
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520:10.1080/09518969408569670
368:. Anchoring the fleet in
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1706:Fortifications of Chania
1619:Fortifications of Rhodes
1285:Duchy of the Archipelago
991:7th Ottoman–Venetian War
986:6th Ottoman–Venetian War
974:5th Ottoman–Venetian War
969:4th Ottoman–Venetian War
964:3rd Ottoman–Venetian War
954:2nd Ottoman–Venetian War
944:1st Ottoman–Venetian War
532:Setton, Kenneth (1976).
357:Giuseppe Lorenzo Gatteri
72:retains control of Crete
1801:14th-century rebellions
1146:Kingdom of Thessalonica
711:Great Cretan Revolution
672:Second Byzantine period
564:Crowley, Roger (2013).
1532:Chronicle of the Tocco
1527:Chronicle of the Morea
1386:Archbishops of Corinth
1280:Triarchy of Negroponte
1151:Principality of Achaea
1134:States and territories
1001:Treaty of Campo Formio
662:First Byzantine period
440:Jacoby, David (2014).
402:Callergis noble family
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183:Boniface of Montferrat
104:Commanders and leaders
1381:Archbishops of Patras
924:Revolt of Saint Titus
919:Byzantine–Genoese War
682:Revolt of Saint Titus
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221:Further information:
191:Eastern Mediterranean
171:Further information:
133:Revolt of Saint Titus
19:Revolt of Saint Titus
1716:Gouverneto Monastery
1701:Fortezza of Rethymno
1482:Foulques de Villaret
1463:Knights Hospitaller
1437:Villehardouin family
1371:Princesses of Achaea
1318:Kingdom of the Morea
1221:Veligosti and Damala
540:. pp. 249–257.
472:Morris, Jan (1990).
1786:Feudalism in Europe
1736:Old Fortress, Corfu
1731:New Fortress, Corfu
1634:Old Navarino castle
1604:Argyrokastro Castle
1420:Charles I of Naples
939:Vlastos' conspiracy
864:Constantinople 1261
859:Constantinople 1260
839:Constantinople 1235
834:Treaty of Nymphaeum
817:Constantinople 1204
812:Constantinople 1203
655:Crete and Cyrenaica
328:Knights Hospitaller
185:at the time of the
1670:Castle of Mytilene
1537:Assizes of Romania
1432:Pallavicini family
1294:Republic of Venice
1275:Hospitaller Rhodes
1245:Duchy of Neopatras
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324:John V Palaeologus
320:Louis I of Hungary
167:Crete under Venice
145:Republic of Venice
95:Republic of Venice
70:Republic of Venice
49:August 1363 – 1364
32:Lion of Saint Mark
1796:Conflicts in 1364
1791:Conflicts in 1363
1776:Cretan rebellions
1771:Kingdom of Candia
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1581:Cuisine of Greece
1571:Cretan literature
1467:Pierre d'Aubusson
1376:Baillis of Achaea
1366:Princes of Achaea
1270:Navarrese Company
1255:Lordship of Chios
1166:Argos and Nauplia
1129:
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869:Treaty of Viterbo
822:Partitio Romaniae
758:
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547:978-0-87169-114-9
480:. Penguin Books.
406:Byzantine Emperor
342:Luchino dal Verme
316:Peter I of Cyprus
290:Venetian reaction
268:Μάρκος Γραδόνικος
199:Kingdom of Candia
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568:. Random House.
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739:World War II
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308:doge of Genoa
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284:acculturation
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255:Lorenzo Celsi
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1290:Stato da Màr
1176:Chalandritsa
1141:Latin Empire
1070:Thessaloniki
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728:Cretan State
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177:Stato da Màr
173:Latinokratia
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123:Tito Venier,
81:Belligerents
35:
1624:Grand Magne
1499:Benedetto I
959:Rhodes 1522
949:Rhodes 1480
934:Rhodes 1444
794:(1204–1797)
716:1878 revolt
706:1841 revolt
667:Arab period
339:condottiero
232:feudatories
161:Άγιος Τίτος
157:Saint Titus
30:The winged
1760:Categories
1614:Exomvourgo
1609:Chlemoutsi
1447:William II
1442:Geoffrey I
884:Settepozzi
879:Makryplagi
748:Resistance
689:Cretan War
427:References
389:Capitaneus
276:ordination
217:The revolt
1590:Monuments
1427:Gattilusi
1408:Antonio I
1403:Acciaioli
1211:Passavant
1201:Karytaina
1196:Kalavryta
1171:Bodonitsa
1075:Glarentza
929:Echinades
894:Demetrias
889:Neopatras
854:Pelagonia
248:St. Titus
211:Heraklion
1741:Palamidi
1679:Venetian
1597:Frankish
1494:Zaccaria
1415:Angevins
1226:Vostitsa
1191:Gritzena
1181:Estamira
914:Manolada
909:Halmyros
874:Prinitza
414:Orthodox
381:Petrarch
336:Veronese
54:Location
1658:Genoese
1504:Martino
1396:Carlo I
1333:Preveza
1323:Lepanto
1292:of the
1161:Arcadia
1094:Islands
800:History
617:History
421:crusade
370:Fraskia
359:, 1863.
203:Italian
147:in the
1552:Latins
1344:People
1238:Salona
1216:Patras
1186:Geraki
1116:Rhodes
1111:Lesbos
1085:Athens
1080:Patras
1058:Cities
572:
544:
484:
452:
385:jousts
332:Rhodes
306:, the
242:, the
92:
66:Result
1629:Isova
1391:Tocco
1328:Parga
1313:Coron
1309:Modon
1299:Crete
1206:Nikli
1156:Akova
1121:Naxos
1106:Chios
1101:Crete
621:Crete
297:Genoa
264:Greek
229:Latin
195:fiefs
153:Crete
137:Greek
59:Crete
1311:and
570:ISBN
542:ISBN
482:ISBN
450:ISBN
252:Doge
175:and
131:The
46:Date
619:of
516:doi
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201:" (
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262:(
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135:(
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