1797:
97:
3455:
2338:. However there were other reasons, including the feeling that a federal state lacked cohesion and would potentially lead to states seceding and that the Indonesian side had only accepted it as a short-term tactic. In addition, most of the non-republican areas were controlled by traditional rulers, who were seen as too pro-Dutch and anachronistic. Finally, there were insufficient ethnic or cultural ties between people in the individual states to overcome the dominance of Java. For example, although the population of the
393:
83:
2362:
three entities into a single unitary state. On 19 May, an announcement was issued by the governments of the United States of
Indonesia (representing the two remaining constituent states) and the Republic of Indonesia, which stated that all parties, "...have reached an agreement to jointly create a unitary state as the transformation of the Republic of Indonesia proclaimed on 17 August 1945". The United States of Indonesia was officially dissolved by President
3358:
1464:
418:
379:
3346:
135:
474:
1711:", which connected the most advanced Dutch positions. The Dutch then established states in the areas they had reoccupied, including East Sumatra (December 1947), Madura and West Java (February 1948), South Sumatra (September 1948) and East Java (November 1948). The leaders of these regions then established the
1754:. However, many Indonesian nationalists believed that the Dutch had insisted on a federal state in an attempt to weaken or even break up the new nation, a manifestation of a "divide and conquer" strategy. Nevertheless, on 27 December 1949, sovereignty was transferred to the United States of Indonesia.
2361:
In March and April 1950, all the constituents of the RIS except East
Sumatra and East Indonesia dissolved themselves into the Republic. From 3–5 May, a three-way conference between the State of East Indonesia, the State of East Sumatra and the Republic of Indonesia ended with a decision to merge the
1796:
123:
2353:
Even those who supported the idea of a federal state wanted the form of it to be decided by the people of
Indonesia through an elected Constitutional Assembly, rather by than the former colonial power. The Dutch also tried to convince Indonesians that a unitary state would mean
1824:). Apart from the Republic of Indonesia, all these constituent entities, which had populations between 100,000 and 11 million, were established by the Dutch. Also included were some smaller entities not seen as viable as distinct political entities.
122:
124:
1800:
The United States of
Indonesia. The constituent state of the Republic of Indonesia is shown in red. Other constituent states are shown in orange. Autonomous constituent entities are shown in yellow.
1644:
in
Sulawesi at which representatives from Borneo and eastern Indonesia backed the proposal for the federal United States of Indonesia with links to the Netherlands. It would comprise four elements,
3579:
1773:
272:
1621:. The Dutch, viewing Sukarno and the Indonesian leadership as having collaborated with the Japanese, decided to restore their authority. However, British South East Asia Command, under
2334:
From the outset, the majority of
Indonesians were opposed to the federal system resulting from the Round Table Agreement. The main reason was that the whole concept was associated with
2397:
1763:
2287:
432:
17:
1629:
Republican authority there. However, the Dutch were able to reassert control over most of the area previously occupied by the
Japanese Navy, including Borneo and the
3599:
1174:
3640:
3484:
3479:
2192:
2148:
3390:
3635:
3474:
2126:
1742:, in particular in the form of a Security Council resolution. The Dutch agreed to negotiations with Indonesia to arrange a transfer of sovereignty. The
1722:, aimed at destroying the Republic, was launched on 18 December 1948. Despite recapturing the major cities of Java, including the republican capital of
3594:
3502:
2170:
1785:
384:
1154:
1780:
had two members from each constituent part of the RIS regardless of population, making 32 members in total. The state was governed according to the
1622:
1134:
1492:
1597:
3630:
1606:
1223:
1743:
1593:
1566:
1573:
between
Indonesian nationalists and the Netherlands for control of Indonesia. It lasted less than a year, before being replaced by the
1730:
in the far north, it triggered the protest resignation of the cabinets of the State of East
Indonesia and Pasundan (West Java) and the
3650:
1634:
3574:
3383:
1777:
1776:
consisted of 50 representatives from the
Republic of Indonesia and 100 from the various states according to their populations. The
257:
2366:
on 17 August 1950 – the fifth anniversary of his proclamation of independence – and replaced by the
96:
3604:
1618:
88:
1750:
from August to November 1949 and resulted in the Dutch agreeing to hand over sovereignty to the Dutch East Indies, except for
3414:
3286:
3216:
3132:
1850:
1625:, who had responsibility for the Dutch East Indies, refused to allow Dutch troops to land in Java and Sumatra and recognised
1268:
1409:
1672:
agreed to the principle of a federal Indonesia in which it would be one state. The Dutch then organised the December 1946
3625:
3376:
1369:
1485:
1431:
3313:
3264:
3246:
3197:
3175:
3156:
3093:
3074:
3055:
3036:
1389:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1399:
1379:
319:
2387:
1589:
1570:
1441:
1233:
481:
1683:
Military action by the Dutch launched on 20 July 1947 against areas controlled by the Indonesian republicans,
3589:
3168:
From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia
3046:
Cribb, Robert (1996). "Democracy, self-determination and the Indonesian revolution". In Drakard, Jane (ed.).
1712:
1640:
proposing eventual self-determination for an Indonesian commonwealth. In July 1946, the Dutch organised the
1478:
1446:
1436:
1419:
1384:
1308:
1278:
1213:
1043:
746:
569:
453:
3104:
3584:
3515:
2018:
1781:
1062:
755:
306:
102:
3510:
2402:
2104:
1816:(a combined population of over 31 million); and the nine formerly directly-ruled territories (neo-lands,
1288:
425:
211:
207:
3336:
293:
3645:
1394:
1374:
795:
3419:
3234:
2407:
1879:
1677:
541:
3454:
3444:
1967:
1562:
177:
170:
82:
3429:
3185:
1901:
1669:
1661:
1298:
1025:
490:
162:
2382:
1326:
1089:
1052:
1005:
935:
905:
875:
845:
462:
3255:
Reid, Anthony (1981). "Indonesia: revolution without socialism". In Jeffrey, Robin (ed.).
8:
1673:
1518:
1144:
1109:
975:
895:
765:
155:
46:
3048:
Indonesian Independence Fify Years On 1945-1995 (Annual Indonesia Lecture Series No. 20)
3027:
Antlöv, Hans (2001). "Federations-of-Intent in Indonesia". In Liddle, R. William (ed.).
3489:
3424:
2392:
2347:
2039:
1989:
1751:
1704:
1349:
1334:
995:
965:
885:
805:
638:
3542:
3439:
3309:
3282:
3260:
3242:
3212:
3193:
3171:
3152:
3128:
3089:
3070:
3051:
3032:
1945:
1731:
1684:
1641:
1637:
1558:
1184:
1164:
945:
835:
825:
785:
520:
398:
337:
3362:
1784:, which had been drawn up on the sidelines of the Round Table Conference. It had a
1468:
1344:
1099:
925:
915:
608:
167:
1687:, resulted in the Dutch regaining control of West and East Java, the areas around
1609:, displacing the Dutch colonial government. On 17 August 1945, two days after the
3434:
3368:
3146:
3142:
2343:
2339:
1923:
1719:
1603:
1339:
1080:
955:
855:
815:
648:
473:
3274:
1817:
1739:
1700:
1510:
1015:
985:
865:
688:
618:
230:
116:
62:
3619:
3469:
3120:
2674:
2367:
2083:
1735:
1708:
1574:
668:
350:
3531:
3350:
2355:
2265:
2221:
658:
588:
551:
3306:
Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi
2318:
Recognition by the Dutch authorities of the temporary representative body
1703:
called for a ceasefire, and negotiations between the two sides led to the
3494:
2335:
2061:
775:
698:
500:
266:
251:
1723:
1657:
1630:
1554:
718:
2370:
1769:
1747:
1734:
from his position as regional head. There was also pressure from the
1692:
1577:
728:
678:
628:
531:
411:
510:
345:
3558:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2363:
1813:
1649:
1614:
1557:
to which the Netherlands formally transferred sovereignty of the
598:
196:
145:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
1808:), including the "Republic of Indonesia" consisting of parts of
3536:
2398:
List of members of the Senate of the United States of Indonesia
2243:
1764:
List of members of the Senate of the United States of Indonesia
1696:
1653:
1610:
708:
134:
2780:
1688:
578:
1633:. Discussions between the British and the Dutch resulted in
3004:
2539:
2527:
1809:
1727:
1645:
3102:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2680:
2479:
2431:
1918:
Along with East Indonesia, the last state to be dissolved
1668:
republican control over Sumatra, Java and Madura, and the
2992:
2980:
2650:
3600:
List of heads of state of the United States of Indonesia
2515:
2491:
2346:, almost as many Madurese lived in the ethnically mixed
1804:
The RIS comprised sixteen main entities: seven states (
2946:
2944:
2929:
2917:
2900:
2888:
2876:
2837:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2698:
2686:
2616:
2614:
2575:
2563:
2551:
2866:
2864:
2727:
2725:
2626:
2599:
2467:
2455:
2443:
2419:
3334:
2956:
3125:
The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia
2941:
2849:
2761:
2737:
2710:
2662:
2611:
2587:
2968:
2861:
2825:
2749:
2722:
2638:
3398:
3127:. Singapore: Equininox Publishing (Asia) Pte Ltd.
2503:
3229:, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc
3617:
1635:Acting Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
38:
1680:, followed by a state in West Borneo in 1947.
3641:States and territories disestablished in 1950
3384:
3239:The Indonesian National Revolution, 1945–1950
1707:of January 1948, with a ceasefire along the "
1676:, which led to the establishment of the
1598:United Nations Security Council Resolution 67
1486:
3297:The Formation of Federal Indonesia 1945-1949
3170:. Translated by Owens, Linda. Yayasan Obor.
1788:of 16 members, led by Prime Minister Hatta.
3303:
3279:A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200
3103:Department of Home Affairs (October 1949).
2819:
1526:
54:
3636:States and territories established in 1949
3391:
3377:
3241:, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia: Longman,
3209:Indonesian Constitutional Reform 1999-2002
3165:
3109:Bestuurs-Vraagstukken (Soal2 Pemerintahan)
3083:
2998:
2986:
2656:
2521:
2497:
1660:. This was followed on 15 November by the
1536:Republic of the United States of Indonesia
1493:
1479:
133:
18:Republic of the United States of Indonesia
3206:
2632:
2605:
27:1949–1950 federal state in Southeast Asia
3294:
3273:
3050:. Monash Asia Institute. pp. 1–12.
3010:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2894:
2882:
2843:
2704:
2692:
2581:
2557:
2545:
2533:
2485:
2461:
2449:
2437:
2425:
2319:
3605:Flags of the United States of Indonesia
3327:. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
3190:Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia
3151:, Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
1791:
1744:Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
1594:Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
1567:Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
14:
3618:
3141:
3026:
2962:
2213:
2010:
1871:
3372:
3308:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Djambatan.
3224:
3184:
3119:
3064:
3045:
2974:
2950:
2855:
2774:
2743:
2716:
2668:
2644:
2620:
2593:
3322:
3281:(4th ed.), Palgrave MacMillan,
3254:
3233:
3031:. Penerbit Mizan. pp. 263–283.
2870:
2831:
2755:
2731:
2569:
2509:
2473:
1565:) on 27 December 1949 following the
3631:1950 disestablishments in Indonesia
24:
3166:Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung (1996) .
3086:Historical Dictionary of Indonesia
3084:Cribb, R.B; Kahin, Audrey (2004).
2350:, forming a substantial minority.
1795:
25:
3662:
3257:Asia: the Winning of Independence
2358:, although without much success.
3651:1949 establishments in Indonesia
3453:
3356:
3344:
1718:A second Dutch military action,
1664:, in which the Dutch recognised
1613:, Indonesian nationalist leader
1462:
472:
430:
416:
391:
377:
120:
95:
81:
3580:People's Representative Council
3259:. Macmillan. pp. 113–162.
2681:Department of Home Affairs 1949
2312:
1774:People's Representative Council
3304:Simanjuntak, P. N. H. (2003).
2388:Indonesian National Revolution
2329:
1590:Indonesian War of Independence
1515:Verenigde Staten van Indonesië
1175:French and British interregnum
56:Verenigde Staten van Indonesië
13:
1:
3590:Federal Consultative Assembly
3568:Governance and Administration
3299:, The Hague: W. van Hoeve Ltd
3067:Historical Atlas of Indonesia
3029:Crafting Indonesian Democracy
3019:
1757:
1713:Federal Consultative Assembly
1607:invaded the Dutch East Indies
1583:
1551:Federal Republic of Indonesia
292:• Independence from the
3295:Schiller, A. Arthur (1955),
3192:, Cornell University Press,
1782:Federal Constitution of 1949
1726:, and all of Sumatra except
1063:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow
7:
3511:Southeast Borneo Federation
2403:Netherlands-Indonesia Union
2376:
2209:Undefined political entity
2105:Southeast Borneo Federation
570:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms
426:Netherlands-Indonesia Union
10:
3667:
3626:United States of Indonesia
3401:United States of Indonesia
1761:
1587:
1569:. This transfer ended the
1523:Republik Indonesia Serikat
1507:United States of Indonesia
1244:United States of Indonesia
1081:Chinese Kongsi federations
40:Republik Indonesia Serikat
34:United States of Indonesia
3567:
3551:
3524:
3462:
3451:
3407:
3207:Indrayana, Denny (2008),
2288:Djakarta Federal District
1981:24 March 1950
1395:Javanese historical texts
356:
344:
333:
329:
316:
303:
290:
286:
278:
263:
248:
240:
236:
224:
220:
206:
202:
190:
186:
176:
161:
151:
141:
132:
111:
77:
72:
32:
3105:"Peraturan Pemerintahan"
2413:
2279:9 March 1950
2257:9 March 1950
2206:9 March 1950
2003:9 March 1950
1155:Dutch East India Company
796:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
273:House of Representatives
2408:State of East Indonesia
1678:State of East Indonesia
1619:Indonesian independence
3325:The Birth of Indonesia
3186:Kahin, George McTurnan
3065:Cribb, Robert (2000).
2657:Cribb & Kahin 2004
1994:27 November 1948
1896:Longest-lasting state
1821:
1801:
1623:Lord Louis Mountbatten
1563:Netherlands New Guinea
1522:
1514:
1206:Emergence of Indonesia
171:parliamentary republic
55:
39:
3415:Republic of Indonesia
2371:Republic of Indonesia
2282:Autonomous community
2260:Autonomous community
2238:Autonomous community
1851:Republic of Indonesia
1799:
1670:Republic of Indonesia
1662:Linggadjati Agreement
1602:In January 1942, the
1578:Republic of Indonesia
1261:Republic of Indonesia
1127:European colonization
1026:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
412:Republic of Indonesia
152:Common languages
3323:Wehl, David (1948).
3225:Legge, J.D. (1964),
3148:Indonesian Destinies
2383:History of Indonesia
2342:was entirely ethnic
1792:Constituent entities
1732:Sultan of Yogyakarta
1553:) was a short-lived
1469:Indonesia portal
1090:Heshun Confederation
1006:Yogyakarta Sultanate
936:Kalinyamat Sultanate
906:Sultanate of Jailolo
876:Sultanate of Ternate
589:Tarumanagara Kingdom
307:Constitution adopted
3463:Autonomous entities
3088:. Scarecrow Press.
3013:, pp. 373–374.
2683:, pp. 566–567.
2572:, pp. 152–158.
2548:, pp. 362–364.
2536:, pp. 361–362.
2488:, pp. 358–360.
2476:, pp. 104–105.
2440:, pp. 341–342.
2356:Javanese domination
2012:Autonomous entities
1915:17 August 1950
1893:17 August 1950
1674:Denpasar Conference
1234:National Revolution
1224:Japanese occupation
1110:Santiaogou Republic
976:Palembang Sultanate
896:Sultanate of Tidore
766:Peureulak Sultanate
699:Dharmasraya Kingdom
3539:and its vicinities
2822:, pp. 99–100.
2393:Indonesian regions
2348:State of East Java
2301:11 March 1950
2053:24 March 1950
1959:11 March 1950
1802:
1752:Western New Guinea
1705:Renville Agreement
1611:Japanese surrender
1571:four-year conflict
1313:1998–present
1214:National Awakening
1044:Christian kingdoms
1010:1755–present
1000:1745–present
996:Surakarta Sunanate
966:Kingdom of Kaimana
920:1526–present
886:Sultanate of Bacan
806:Pagaruyung Kingdom
747:Islamic sultanates
639:Shailendra Dynasty
3613:
3612:
3288:978-0-230-54686-8
3235:Reid, Anthony J.S
3218:978-979-709-394-5
3134:978-979-3780-45-0
2308:
2307:
2235:4 April 1950
2184:4 April 1950
2162:4 April 1950
2140:4 April 1950
2118:4 April 1950
2097:4 April 1950
2075:4 April 1950
1937:9 March 1950
1772:legislature. The
1685:Operation Product
1642:Malino Conference
1638:Hubertus van Mook
1559:Dutch East Indies
1541:; abbreviated as
1503:
1502:
1317:
1316:
1269:Liberal democracy
1252:
1251:
1197:
1196:
1185:Dutch East Indies
1118:
1117:
1071:
1070:
1053:Larantuka Kingdom
1034:
1033:
946:Mataram Sultanate
846:Cirebon Sultanate
826:Malacca Sultanate
786:Ternate Sultanate
737:
736:
719:Singhasari Empire
713:1000s–1300s
679:Kahuripan Kingdom
560:
559:
446:
445:
442:
441:
438:
437:
404:
403:
399:Dutch East Indies
226:• 1949–1950
192:• 1949–1950
125:
16:(Redirected from
3658:
3646:Former republics
3552:Federal district
3457:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3370:
3369:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3328:
3319:
3300:
3291:
3270:
3251:
3230:
3221:
3203:
3181:
3162:
3143:Friend, Theodore
3138:
3116:
3099:
3080:
3069:. Curzon Press.
3061:
3042:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2820:Simanjuntak 2003
2817:
2778:
2772:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2323:
2316:
1972:2 September 1948
1950:25 February 1948
1928:20 February 1948
1906:25 December 1947
1884:24 December 1946
1827:
1826:
1822:neo-landschappen
1699:in Sumatra. The
1549:, also known as
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1279:Guided Democracy
1265:
1264:
1210:
1209:
1131:
1130:
1100:Lanfang Republic
1086:
1085:
1049:
1048:
970:1600s–1926
960:1528s–1877
926:Banjar Sultanate
916:Banten Sultanate
900:1500s–1967
816:Brunei Sultanate
752:
751:
729:Majapahit Empire
629:Srivijaya Empire
609:Kalingga Kingdom
575:
574:
542:Toba catastrophe
525:94,000–12,000 BP
496:
495:
476:
466:
448:
447:
434:
433:
420:
419:
408:
407:
395:
394:
381:
380:
374:
373:
358:
357:
312:27 December 1949
299:27 December 1949
137:
127:
126:
99:
85:
67:
66:
58:
51:
50:
42:
30:
29:
21:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3563:
3547:
3520:
3458:
3449:
3403:
3397:
3367:
3357:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3335:
3331:
3316:
3289:
3267:
3249:
3219:
3211:, PT Gramedia,
3200:
3178:
3159:
3135:
3096:
3077:
3058:
3039:
3022:
3017:
3009:
3005:
2999:Anak Agung 1995
2997:
2993:
2987:Anak Agung 1995
2985:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2961:
2957:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2910:
2901:
2893:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2869:
2862:
2854:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2830:
2826:
2818:
2781:
2773:
2762:
2754:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2730:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2703:
2699:
2691:
2687:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2592:
2588:
2584:, pp. 373.
2580:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2560:, pp. 370.
2556:
2552:
2544:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2522:Anak Agung 1995
2520:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2498:Anak Agung 1995
2496:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2379:
2340:State of Madura
2332:
2327:
2326:
2317:
2313:
2088:14 January 1948
1931:Pamekasan
1794:
1766:
1760:
1720:Operation Kraai
1600:
1586:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1499:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1364:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1329:
1319:
1318:
1303:1967–1998
1293:1966–1967
1283:1959–1966
1273:1950–1959
1262:
1254:
1253:
1248:1949–1950
1238:1945–1949
1228:1942–1945
1218:1908–1942
1207:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1192:1945–1949
1191:
1190:1800–1942
1179:1806–1816
1169:1685–1824
1159:1602–1799
1149:1521–1677
1139:1512–1850
1128:
1120:
1119:
1114:1777–1853
1104:1777–1884
1094:1776–1854
1083:
1073:
1072:
1046:
1036:
1035:
1030:1824–1911
1020:1814–1946
990:1725–1946
980:1659–1823
956:Johor Sultanate
950:1586–1755
940:1527–1599
930:1526–1863
910:1496–1903
890:1515–1946
880:1486–1914
870:1496–1903
860:1475–1554
856:Demak Sultanate
850:1445–1677
840:1405–1851
830:1400–1511
820:1368–1888
810:1347–1833
800:1267–1521
790:1257–1914
780:1225–1613
756:Spread of Islam
749:
739:
738:
733:1293–1527
723:1222–1292
703:1183–1347
693:1045–1221
683:1019–1045
649:Mataram Kingdom
572:
562:
561:
493:
464:
457:
431:
417:
392:
378:
322:
309:
296:
269:
254:
227:
193:
128:
121:
107:
106:
105:
103:National emblem
100:
92:
91:
86:
68:
60:
53:
52:
44:
37:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3664:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3525:Other entities
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3420:East Indonesia
3417:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3396:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3373:
3366:
3365:
3353:
3330:
3329:
3320:
3314:
3301:
3292:
3287:
3275:Ricklefs, M.C.
3271:
3265:
3252:
3247:
3231:
3222:
3217:
3204:
3198:
3182:
3176:
3163:
3157:
3139:
3133:
3121:Feith, Herbert
3117:
3100:
3094:
3081:
3075:
3062:
3056:
3043:
3037:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3003:
3001:, p. 786.
2991:
2989:, p. 773.
2979:
2967:
2965:, p. 268.
2955:
2953:, p. 450.
2940:
2938:, p. 194.
2928:
2926:, p. 192.
2916:
2914:, p. 111.
2899:
2897:, p. 121.
2887:
2885:, p. 103.
2875:
2873:, p. 165.
2860:
2858:, p. 456.
2848:
2846:, p. 183.
2836:
2834:, p. 100.
2824:
2779:
2777:, p. 160.
2760:
2758:, p. 117.
2748:
2746:, p. 225.
2736:
2734:, p. 165.
2721:
2719:, p. 355.
2709:
2707:, p. 182.
2697:
2695:, p. 193.
2685:
2673:
2671:, p. 170.
2661:
2659:, p. 372.
2649:
2637:
2633:Indrayana 2008
2625:
2623:, p. 447.
2610:
2606:Indrayana 2008
2598:
2596:, p. 160.
2586:
2574:
2562:
2550:
2538:
2526:
2524:, p. 112.
2514:
2512:, p. 110.
2502:
2500:, p. 107.
2490:
2478:
2466:
2464:, p. 349.
2454:
2452:, p. 344.
2442:
2430:
2428:, p. 322.
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:22 April 1950
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1880:East Indonesia
1876:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:17 August 1945
1853:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1793:
1790:
1768:The RIS had a
1759:
1756:
1746:took place in
1740:United Nations
1701:United Nations
1585:
1582:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1016:Deli Sultanate
1012:
1011:
1008:
1002:
1001:
998:
992:
991:
988:
986:Siak Sultanate
982:
981:
978:
972:
971:
968:
962:
961:
958:
952:
951:
948:
942:
941:
938:
932:
931:
928:
922:
921:
918:
912:
911:
908:
902:
901:
898:
892:
891:
888:
882:
881:
878:
872:
871:
868:
866:Aceh Sultanate
862:
861:
858:
852:
851:
848:
842:
841:
838:
836:Sulu Sultanate
832:
831:
828:
822:
821:
818:
812:
811:
808:
802:
801:
798:
792:
791:
788:
782:
781:
778:
772:
771:
770:840–1292
768:
762:
761:
760:800–1600
758:
750:
745:
744:
741:
740:
735:
734:
731:
725:
724:
721:
715:
714:
711:
709:Pannai Kingdom
705:
704:
701:
695:
694:
691:
689:Kediri Kingdom
685:
684:
681:
675:
674:
673:932–1579
671:
665:
664:
663:914–1908
661:
655:
654:
653:716–1016
651:
645:
644:
641:
635:
634:
631:
625:
624:
621:
619:Melayu Kingdom
615:
614:
611:
605:
604:
601:
595:
594:
591:
585:
584:
581:
573:
568:
567:
564:
563:
558:
557:
554:
548:
547:
544:
538:
537:
535:
527:
526:
523:
517:
516:
513:
507:
506:
504:
494:
489:
488:
485:
484:
478:
477:
469:
468:
459:
458:
451:
444:
443:
440:
439:
436:
435:
428:
422:
421:
414:
405:
402:
401:
396:
388:
387:
382:
370:
369:
364:
354:
353:
348:
342:
341:
335:
331:
330:
327:
326:
325:17 August 1950
323:
320:Disestablished
317:
314:
313:
310:
304:
301:
300:
297:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
280:
276:
275:
270:
264:
261:
260:
255:
249:
246:
245:
242:
238:
237:
234:
233:
231:Mohammad Hatta
228:
225:
222:
221:
218:
217:
214:
212:Prime Minister
208:Vice President
204:
203:
200:
199:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
174:
173:
165:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
130:
129:
119:
117:Indonesia Raya
109:
108:
101:
94:
93:
87:
80:
79:
78:
75:
74:
70:
69:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3663:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3498:(Dajak Besar)
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3446:
3445:South Sumatra
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3394:
3389:
3387:
3382:
3380:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3333:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3315:979-428-499-8
3311:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3266:9780333278574
3262:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3248:0-582-71047-2
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3220:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3199:9780801491085
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3177:979-461-216-2
3173:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3158:0-674-01834-6
3154:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3095:9780810849358
3091:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3076:0-7007-0985-1
3072:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3057:0-7326-1018-4
3053:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3038:979-433-287-9
3034:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3012:
3011:Ricklefs 2008
3007:
3000:
2995:
2988:
2983:
2977:, p. 10.
2976:
2971:
2964:
2959:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2937:
2936:Schiller 1955
2932:
2925:
2924:Schiller 1955
2920:
2913:
2912:Schiller 1955
2908:
2906:
2904:
2896:
2895:Schiller 1955
2891:
2884:
2883:Schiller 1955
2879:
2872:
2867:
2865:
2857:
2852:
2845:
2844:Schiller 1955
2840:
2833:
2828:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2757:
2752:
2745:
2740:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2718:
2713:
2706:
2705:Schiller 1955
2701:
2694:
2693:Schiller 1955
2689:
2682:
2677:
2670:
2665:
2658:
2653:
2647:, p. 47.
2646:
2641:
2634:
2629:
2622:
2617:
2615:
2607:
2602:
2595:
2590:
2583:
2582:Ricklefs 2008
2578:
2571:
2566:
2559:
2558:Ricklefs 2008
2554:
2547:
2546:Ricklefs 2008
2542:
2535:
2534:Ricklefs 2008
2530:
2523:
2518:
2511:
2506:
2499:
2494:
2487:
2486:Ricklefs 2008
2482:
2475:
2470:
2463:
2462:Ricklefs 2008
2458:
2451:
2450:Ricklefs 2008
2446:
2439:
2438:Ricklefs 2008
2434:
2427:
2426:Ricklefs 2008
2422:
2418:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2322:, p. 121
2321:
2320:Schiller 1955
2315:
2311:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:Other regions
2212:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1968:South Sumatra
1966:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1736:United States
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:Van Mook Line
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1679:
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1599:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1555:federal state
1552:
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1544:
1524:
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1082:
1077:
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1024:
1023:
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1003:
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979:
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869:
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863:
859:
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844:
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839:
837:
834:
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829:
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819:
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813:
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807:
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803:
799:
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793:
789:
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779:
777:
774:
773:
769:
767:
764:
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753:
748:
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742:
732:
730:
727:
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712:
710:
707:
706:
702:
700:
697:
696:
692:
690:
687:
686:
682:
680:
677:
676:
672:
670:
669:Sunda Kingdom
667:
666:
662:
660:
657:
656:
652:
650:
647:
646:
642:
640:
637:
636:
632:
630:
627:
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622:
620:
617:
616:
612:
610:
607:
606:
602:
600:
597:
596:
592:
590:
587:
586:
582:
580:
579:Kutai Kingdom
577:
576:
571:
566:
565:
555:
553:
550:
549:
545:
543:
540:
539:
536:
534:
533:
529:
528:
524:
522:
519:
518:
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512:
509:
508:
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467:
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460:
455:
450:
449:
429:
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415:
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409:
406:
400:
397:
390:
389:
386:
383:
376:
375:
372:
371:
368:
365:
363:
360:
359:
355:
352:
349:
347:
346:ISO 3166 code
343:
339:
336:
332:
328:
324:
321:
315:
311:
308:
302:
298:
295:
289:
285:
281:
277:
274:
271:
268:
262:
259:
256:
253:
247:
243:
239:
235:
232:
229:
223:
219:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
198:
195:
189:
185:
181:
179:
175:
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169:
166:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
136:
131:
118:
114:
110:
104:
98:
90:
84:
76:
71:
64:
57:
48:
41:
31:
19:
3585:Constitution
3532:Kotawaringin
3505:
3497:
3485:Central Java
3430:East Sumatra
3400:
3332:
3324:
3305:
3296:
3278:
3256:
3238:
3226:
3208:
3189:
3167:
3147:
3124:
3112:
3108:
3085:
3066:
3047:
3028:
3006:
2994:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2931:
2919:
2890:
2878:
2851:
2839:
2827:
2751:
2739:
2712:
2700:
2688:
2676:
2664:
2652:
2640:
2635:, p. 7.
2628:
2608:, p. 8.
2601:
2589:
2577:
2565:
2553:
2541:
2529:
2517:
2505:
2493:
2481:
2469:
2457:
2445:
2433:
2421:
2360:
2352:
2333:
2314:
2222:Kotawaringin
2214:
2197:2 March 1949
2193:Central Java
2011:
1902:East Sumatra
1872:
1839:Area (sq km)
1805:
1803:
1767:
1717:
1682:
1665:
1626:
1601:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1506:
1504:
1451:
1410:Christianity
1243:
659:Bali Kingdom
552:Buni culture
530:
515:1,000,000 BP
499:
367:Succeeded by
366:
361:
112:
3516:West Borneo
3495:Great Dayak
3490:East Borneo
2963:Antlöv 2001
2336:colonialism
2330:Dissolution
2121:Federation
2069:Banjarmasin
2066:3 June 1947
2062:Great Dayak
2056:Federation
2044:12 May 1947
2040:East Borneo
2023:12 May 1947
2019:West Borneo
1833:Established
1375:Archaeology
1370:Agriculture
776:Aru Kingdom
501:Paleolithic
463:History of
362:Preceded by
294:Netherlands
267:Lower house
252:Upper house
241:Legislature
3620:Categories
3020:References
2975:Cribb 1996
2951:Kahin 1970
2856:Kahin 1970
2775:Cribb 2000
2744:Kahin 1970
2717:Kahin 1970
2669:Cribb 2000
2645:Feith 2008
2621:Kahin 1970
2594:Legge 1964
2292:June 1948
2109:March 1947
1858:Yogyakarta
1762:See also:
1758:Governance
1724:Yogyakarta
1658:Great East
1631:Great East
1588:See also:
1584:Background
1519:Indonesian
1432:Mass media
1309:Reform era
1289:Transition
1135:Portuguese
521:Flores Man
491:Prehistory
163:Government
156:Indonesian
47:Indonesian
3425:East Java
3363:Indonesia
3277:(2008) ,
3227:Indonesia
3188:(1970) ,
3123:(2008) .
2871:Wehl 1948
2832:Reid 1974
2756:Reid 1974
2732:Reid 1974
2570:Reid 1974
2510:Reid 1974
2474:Reid 1974
2187:Neo-land
2175:July 1947
2165:Neo-land
2153:July 1947
2143:Neo-land
2131:July 1947
2078:Neo-land
2047:Samarinda
2026:Pontianak
1990:East Java
1975:Palembang
1842:Dissolved
1770:bicameral
1748:The Hague
1693:Palembang
1617:declared
1390:Education
1299:New Order
1067:1670–1950
1057:1515–1904
643:600s–900s
633:600s–1025
623:600s–1347
613:500s–600s
603:400s-500s
593:400s–500s
546:75,000 BP
532:Neolithic
465:Indonesia
385:Indonesia
178:President
73:1949–1950
3480:Billiton
3440:Pasundan
3237:(1974),
3145:(2003),
2377:See also
2344:Madurese
2200:Semarang
2149:Belitung
1997:Surabaya
1946:Pasundan
1887:Makassar
1738:and the
1666:de facto
1656:and the
1652:, Dutch
1627:de facto
1604:Japanese
1561:(except
1437:Military
1415:Hinduism
1405:Buddhism
1400:Religion
1380:Currency
1363:By topic
583:350–1605
511:Java Man
482:Timeline
454:a series
452:Part of
334:Currency
146:Djakarta
3595:Cabinet
3559:Jakarta
3470:Bandjar
3337:Portals
2368:unitary
2364:Sukarno
2084:Bandjar
2072:132,000
2050:200,000
2029:146,800
1953:Bandung
1890:346,300
1836:Capital
1814:Sumatra
1786:cabinet
1650:Sumatra
1615:Sukarno
1575:unitary
1530:
1425:Judaism
1385:Economy
1350:Bandung
1335:Jakarta
1327:Regions
1165:British
1145:Spanish
599:Kantoli
556:400 BCE
318:•
305:•
279:History
265:•
250:•
197:Sukarno
168:Federal
142:Capital
113:Anthem:
3575:Senate
3543:Sabang
3537:Padang
3506:(Riau)
3475:Bangka
3435:Madura
3408:States
3312:
3285:
3263:
3245:
3215:
3196:
3174:
3155:
3131:
3092:
3073:
3054:
3035:
2266:Sabang
2244:Padang
2232:20,600
2203:14,000
2181:10,800
2137:12,000
2127:Bangka
2115:14,100
2094:26,000
2006:State
2000:22,200
1984:State
1978:74,000
1962:State
1956:35,900
1940:State
1924:Madura
1912:17,500
1873:States
1845:Notes
1806:negara
1778:Senate
1697:Padang
1654:Borneo
1596:, and
456:on the
338:Rupiah
282:
258:Senate
216:
210:&
182:
115:
59:
43:
3503:Riouw
3351:1950s
2414:Notes
2298:3,000
2159:4,800
1934:5,500
1909:Medan
1818:Dutch
1689:Medan
1511:Dutch
1447:Women
1442:Sport
1420:Islam
1345:Bogor
340:(IDR)
244:
63:Dutch
3399:The
3310:ISBN
3283:ISBN
3261:ISBN
3243:ISBN
3213:ISBN
3194:ISBN
3172:ISBN
3153:ISBN
3129:ISBN
3115:(4).
3090:ISBN
3071:ISBN
3052:ISBN
3033:ISBN
2171:Riau
1830:Name
1812:and
1810:Java
1728:Aceh
1695:and
1646:Java
1547:RUSI
1527:lit.
1505:The
1340:Bali
89:Flag
1545:or
1543:RIS
3622::
3111:.
3107:.
2943:^
2902:^
2863:^
2782:^
2763:^
2724:^
2613:^
2373:.
2304:–
1867:-
1820::
1715:.
1691:,
1648:,
1592:,
1580:.
1525:,
1521::
1517:,
1513::
351:ID
3392:e
3385:t
3378:v
3339::
3318:.
3269:.
3202:.
3180:.
3161:.
3137:.
3113:1
3098:.
3079:.
3060:.
3041:.
2295:–
2276:-
2273:–
2270:–
2254:-
2251:-
2248:–
2229:-
2226:–
2178:–
2156:–
2134:–
2112:-
2091:-
1864:-
1861:-
1539:'
1533:'
1509:(
1494:e
1487:t
1480:v
65:)
61:(
49:)
45:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
