Egypt - Knowledge

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Egyptians were considered upper class and rich, four million middle class and 17 million lower class and poor. Fewer than half of all primary-school-age children attended school, most of them being boys. Nasser's policies changed this. Land reform and distribution, the dramatic growth in university education, and government support to national industries greatly improved social mobility and flattened the social curve. From academic year 1953–54 through 1965–66, overall public school enrolments more than doubled. Millions of previously poor Egyptians, through education and jobs in the public sector, joined the middle class. Doctors, engineers, teachers, lawyers, journalists, constituted the bulk of the swelling middle class in Egypt under Nasser. During the 1960s, the Egyptian economy went from sluggish to the verge of collapse, the society became less free, and Nasser's appeal waned considerably.

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by isolation. The men were held in barracks to avoid distraction of their growth as a military unit to be reckoned with. The resentment for the military way of life eventually faded from the men and a new ideology took hold, one of nationalism and pride. It was with the help of this newly reborn martial unit that Muhammad Ali imposed his rule over Egypt. The policy that Mohammad Ali Pasha followed during his reign explains partly why the numeracy in Egypt compared to other North-African and Middle-Eastern countries increased only at a remarkably small rate, as investment in further education only took place in the military and industrial sector. Muhammad Ali was succeeded briefly by his son

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For some major groups, for example lichen-forming fungi and nematode worms, the number was not known. Apart from small and well-studied groups like amphibians, birds, fish, mammals and reptiles, the many of those numbers are likely to increase as further species are recorded from Egypt. For the fungi, including lichen-forming species, for example, subsequent work has shown that over 2200 species have been recorded from Egypt, and the final figure of all fungi actually occurring in the country is expected to be much higher. For the grasses, 284 native and naturalised species have been identified and recorded in Egypt.

4802: 3176:(Yom Kippur War), a surprise attack to regain part of the Sinai territory Israel had captured 6 years earlier. In 1975, Sadat shifted Nasser's economic policies and sought to use his popularity to reduce government regulations and encourage foreign investment through his programme of Infitah. Through this policy, incentives such as reduced taxes and import tariffs attracted some investors, but investments were mainly directed at low risk and profitable ventures like tourism and construction, abandoning Egypt's infant industries. Because of the elimination of subsidies on basic foodstuffs, it led to the 3126: 18537: 21565: 5050: 3994: 93: 3581: 5983: 5536: 5739: 2517: 4469: 7851: 6848: 19499: 6717: 2446: 4689: 6832: 20044: 6878:(GEM), also known as the Giza Museum, is an under construction museum that will house the largest collection of ancient Egyptian artifacts in the world, it has been described as the world's largest archaeological museum. The museum was scheduled to open in 2015 and will be sited on 50 hectares (120 acres) of land approximately two kilometres (1.2 miles) from the Giza Necropolis and is part of a new master plan for the plateau. The Minister of Antiquities Mamdouh al-Damaty announced in May 2015 that the museum will be partially opened in May 2018. 5930: 3728: 5920: 21886: 4030: 4269: 5214: 3204: 1489: 3353: 2152: 20374: 2956: 3364: 3803: 2744: 2050: 3301:. Egypt's foreign ministry quickly issued a rebuttal to this report. Constitutional changes voted on 19 March 2007 prohibited parties from using religion as a basis for political activity, allowed the drafting of a new anti-terrorism law, authorised broad police powers of arrest and surveillance, and gave the president power to dissolve parliament and end judicial election monitoring. In 2009, Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki, Media Secretary of the National Democratic Party ( 2827:

India and Australia. When the war began in September 1939, Egypt declared martial law and broke off diplomatic relations with Germany. It broke diplomatic relations with Italy in 1940, but never declared war, even when the Italian army invaded Egypt. The Egyptian army did no fighting. In June 1940 the King dismissed Prime Minister Aly Maher, who got on poorly with the British. A new coalition Government was formed with the Independent Hassan Pasha Sabri as prime minister.

21920: 21847: 19116: 4835: 700: 6982: 6939: 4774: 2713: 559: 540: 23385: 20289: 20217: 19714: 17908: 21962: 21730: 21669: 21656: 21617: 21604: 16300: 3848: 21860: 20229: 19726: 17918: 3255:, engaged in an extended campaign of violence, from the murders and attempted murders of prominent writers and intellectuals, to the repeated targeting of tourists and foreigners. Serious damage was done to the largest sector of Egypt's economy—tourism—and in turn to the government, but it also devastated the livelihoods of many of the people on whom the group depended for support. During Mubarak's reign, the political scene was dominated by the 21756: 21693: 19090: 19051: 21795: 21630: 1841: 79: 3007: 159: 21808: 21743: 21717: 21552: 19077: 18081: 21949: 19129: 18055: 18016: 20299: 8246:), and this has sometimes been taken as referring to the two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt. However, the application of the (possibly) "dual" ending to some toponyms and other words, a development peculiar to Hebrew, does not in fact imply any "two-ness" about the place. The ending is found, for example, in the Hebrew words for such single entities as "water" ("מַיִם"), "noon" ("צָהֳרַיִם"), "sky/heaven" ("שָׁמַיִם"), and in the 21988: 21873: 21782: 19103: 7213: 6658: 19142: 18068: 22014: 21834: 21821: 21769: 19155: 19064: 18042: 18029: 6787: 22001: 21975: 21591: 5608: 3114: 21643: 17928: 16290: 21578: 725: 677: 658: 625: 606: 3259:, which was created by Sadat in 1978. It passed the 1993 Syndicates Law, 1995 Press Law, and 1999 Nongovernmental Associations Law which hampered freedoms of association and expression by imposing new regulations and draconian penalties on violations. As a result, by the late 1990s parliamentary politics had become virtually irrelevant and alternative avenues for political expression were curtailed as well. 17938: 4916: 2261: 6543: 2648: 3229: 5973: 4746:, dominating sectors such as petrol stations, fish-farming, car manufacturing, media, infrastructure including roads and bridges, and cement production. This hold on various industries has resulted in a suppression of competition, deterring private investment, and leading to adverse effects for ordinary Egyptians, including slower growth, higher prices, and limited opportunities. The military-owned 3543: 6702:

of films through video equipment though the boom of the film industry in this period. Due to laws and procedures that encouraged investment in the establishment of private cinemas, they increased again, especially in commercial centres, until their number reached 200 in 2001 and 400 in 2009. Over a period of more than a hundred years, Egyptian cinema has presented more than four thousand films.

4556: 1679: 5154: 5750: 4982: 2639:, built in partnership with the French, was completed in 1869. Its construction was financed by European banks. Large sums also went to patronage and corruption. New taxes caused popular discontent. In 1875 Isma'il avoided bankruptcy by selling all Egypt's shares in the canal to the British government. Within three years this led to the imposition of British and French 3566:. At 1,001,450 square kilometres (386,660 sq mi), it is the world's 30th-largest country. Due to the extreme aridity of Egypt's climate, population centres are concentrated along the narrow Nile Valley and Delta, meaning that about 99% of the population uses about 5.5% of the total land area. 98% of Egyptians live on 3% of the territory. 4940:

liquid natural gas (LNG) exporter Qatar to obtain additional gas volumes in summer, while encouraging factories to plan their annual maintenance for those months of peak demand, said EGPC chairman, Tarek El Barkatawy. Egypt produces its own energy, but has been a net oil importer since 2008 and is rapidly becoming a net importer of natural gas.

2878:, Nahas's right-hand man, to ask if he should surrender or fight. Serageddin ordered the police to fight "to the last man and the last bullet". The resulting battle saw the police station levelled and 43 Egyptian policemen killed together with 3 British soldiers. The Ismailia incident outraged Egypt. The next day, 26 January 1952 was 1833:. The earliest known Lower Egyptian site, Merimda, predates the Badarian by about seven hundred years. Contemporaneous Lower Egyptian communities coexisted with their southern counterparts for more than two thousand years, remaining culturally distinct, but maintaining frequent contact through trade. The earliest known evidence of 3225:, the Security Police started rioting, protesting against reports that their term of duty was to be extended from 3 to 4 years. Hotels, nightclubs, restaurants and casinos were attacked in Cairo and there were riots in other cities. A day time curfew was imposed. It took the army 3 days to restore order. 107 people were killed. 4127:. On 3 April 2017 al-Sisi met with Trump at the White House, marking the first visit of an Egyptian president to Washington in 8 years. Trump praised al-Sisi in what was reported as a public relations victory for the Egyptian president, and signaled it was time for a normalisation of the relations between Egypt and the US. 2373:, sending a deputy to Egypt to govern for him. In 828 another Egyptian revolt broke out, and in 831 the Copts joined with native Muslims against the government. Eventually the power loss of the Abbasids in Baghdad led for general upon general to take over rule of Egypt, yet being under Abbasid allegiance, the 3221:. Hosni Mubarak reaffirmed Egypt's relationship with Israel yet eased the tensions with Egypt's Arab neighbours. Domestically, Mubarak faced serious problems. Mass poverty and unemployment led rural families to stream into cities like Cairo where they ended up in crowded slums, barely managing to survive. On 12159:"Massive Israel protests hit universities" (Egyptian Mail, 16 March 2010) "According to most Egyptians, almost 31 years after a peace treaty was signed between Egypt and Israel, having normal ties between the two countries is still a potent accusation and Israel is largely considered to be an enemy country" 4750:(NSPO) continues its expansion by establishing new factories dedicated to producing fertilisers, irrigation equipment, and veterinary vaccines. Businesses operated by the military, such as Wataniya and Safi, which manage petrol stations and bottled water, respectively, remain under government ownership. 2473:. The defensive militarisation damaged its civil society and economic institutions. The weakening of the economic system combined with the effects of plague left Egypt vulnerable to foreign invasion. Portuguese traders took over their trade. Between 1687 and 1731, Egypt experienced six famines. The 1784 2826:

Britain used Egypt as a base for Allied operations throughout the region, especially the battles in North Africa against Italy and Germany. Its highest priorities were control of the Eastern Mediterranean, and especially keeping the Suez Canal open for merchant ships and for military connections with

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Egypt is a recognised cultural trendsetter of the Arabic-speaking world. Contemporary Arabic and Middle-Eastern culture is heavily influenced by Egyptian literature, music, film and television. Egypt gained a regional leadership role during the 1950s and 1960s, giving a further enduring boost to the

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As a result of modernisation efforts over the years, Egypt's healthcare system has made great strides forward. Access to healthcare in both urban and rural areas greatly improved and immunisation programmes are now able to cover 98% of the population. Life expectancy increased from 44.8 years during

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Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and

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Most British troops were withdrawn to the Suez Canal area in 1947 (although the British army maintained a military base in the area), but nationalist, anti-British feelings continued to grow after the War. Anti-monarchy sentiments further increased following the disastrous performance of the Kingdom

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The number of cinemas increased with the emergence of talking films, and reached 395 in 1958. This number began to decline after the establishment of television in 1960 and the establishment of the public sector in cinemas in 1962, and reached 297 in 1965, then to 141 in 1995 due to the circulation

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Tourism is one of the most important sectors in Egypt's economy. More than 12.8 million tourists visited Egypt in 2008, providing revenues of nearly $ 11 billion. The tourism sector employs about 12% of Egypt's workforce. Tourism Minister Hisham Zaazou told industry professionals and reporters that

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is a hot, dry wind that originates from the vast deserts in the south and blows in the spring or in the early summer. It brings scorching sand and dust particles, and usually brings daytime temperatures over 40 °C (104 °F) and sometimes over 50 °C (122 °F) in the interior, while

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was sworn in as acting president over the new government following the removal of Morsi. The new Egyptian authorities cracked down on the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters, jailing thousands and forcefully dispersing pro-Morsi and pro-Brotherhood protests. Many of the Muslim Brotherhood leaders

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to a great modernised army. He introduced conscription of the male peasantry in 19th century Egypt, and took a novel approach to create his great army, strengthening it with numbers and in skill. Education and training of the new soldiers became mandatory; the new concepts were furthermore enforced

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Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation. For most of their history, Egypt has been a state,

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A European-style education system was first introduced in Egypt by the Ottomans in the early 19th century to nurture a class of loyal bureaucrats and army officers. Under British occupation, investment in education was curbed drastically, and secular public schools, which had previously been free,

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Due to the absence of appreciable rainfall, Egypt's agriculture depends entirely on irrigation. The main source of irrigation water is the river Nile of which the flow is controlled by the high dam at Aswan. It releases, on average, 55 cubic kilometres (45,000,000 acre·ft) water per year, of which

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In 2003, the government established the National Council for Human Rights. Shortly after its foundation, the council came under heavy criticism by local activists, who contend it was a propaganda tool for the government to excuse its own violations and to give legitimacy to repressive laws such as

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Egypt has the oldest continuous parliamentary tradition in the Arab world. The first popular assembly was established in 1866. It was disbanded as a result of the British occupation of 1882, and the British allowed only a consultative body to sit. In 1923, however, after the country's independence

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The plan stated that the following numbers of species of different groups had been recorded from Egypt: algae (1483 species), animals (about 15,000 species of which more than 10,000 were insects), fungi (more than 627 species), monera (319 species), plants (2426 species), protozoans (371 species).

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As the British refused to leave their base around the Suez Canal, the Egyptian government cut off the water and refused to allow food into the Suez Canal base, announced a boycott of British goods, forbade Egyptian workers from entering the base and sponsored guerrilla attacks. On 24 January 1952,

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desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About 43% of Egypt's residents live across the country's urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta. Egypt is considered to be a

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Egyptian cuisine relies heavily on legume and vegetable dishes. Although food in Alexandria and the coast of Egypt tends to use a great deal of fish and other seafood, for the most part Egyptian cuisine is based on foods that grow out of the ground. Meat has been very expensive for most Egyptians

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Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. At

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of June 2014 El-Sisi won with a percentage of 96.1%. On 8 June 2014, Abdel Fatah el-Sisi was officially sworn in as Egypt's new president. Under President el-Sisi, Egypt has implemented a rigorous policy of controlling the border to the Gaza Strip, including the dismantling of tunnels between the

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verified them as "baseless", Nasser took three successive steps that made the war virtually inevitable: on 14 May he deployed his troops in Sinai near the border with Israel, on 19 May he expelled the UN peacekeepers stationed in the Sinai Peninsula border with Israel, and on 23 May he closed the

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British protectorate under nominal Ottoman sovereignty. In 1899 the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreement was signed: the Agreement stated that Sudan would be jointly governed by the Khedivate of Egypt and the United Kingdom. However, actual control of Sudan was in British hands only. In 1906, the

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who sat in the Egyptian cabinet, and, "with the financial power of the bondholders behind them, were the real power in the Government." Other circumstances like epidemic diseases (cattle disease in the 1880s), floods and wars drove the economic downturn and increased Egypt's dependency on foreign

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Basic education, which includes six years of primary and three years of preparatory school, is a right for Egyptian children from the age of six. After grade 9, students are tracked into one of two strands of secondary education: general or technical schools. General secondary education prepares

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communities, are not recognised by the state and face persecution by the government, which labels these groups a threat to Egypt's national security. Individuals, particularly Baháʼís and atheists, wishing to include their religion (or lack thereof) on their mandatory state issued identification

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was enacted, and remained in effect until 2012, with the exception of an 18-month break in 1980/81. Under this law, police powers were extended, constitutional rights suspended and censorship legalised. At the time of the fall of the Egyptian monarchy in the early 1950s, less than half a million

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culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life.

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up to 2012 exported to many countries. In 2013, the Egyptian General Petroleum Co (EGPC) said the country will cut exports of natural gas and tell major industries to slow output this summer to avoid an energy crisis and stave off political unrest, Reuters has reported. Egypt is counting on top

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160 out of 180 nations. At least 18 journalists were imprisoned in Egypt, as of August 2015. A new anti-terror law was enacted in August 2015 that threatens members of the media with fines ranging from about US$ 25,000 to $ 60,000 for the distribution of wrong information on acts of terror

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Egyptian life expectancy at birth was 73.20 years in 2011, or 71.30 years for males and 75.20 years for females. Egypt spends 3.7 percent of its gross domestic product on health including treatment costs 22 percent incurred by citizens and the rest by the state. In 2010, spending on healthcare

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In the 1950s, President Nasser phased in free education for all Egyptians. The Egyptian curriculum influenced other Arab education systems, which often employed Egyptian-trained teachers. Demand soon outstripped the level of available state resources, causing the quality of public education to

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producer of oil and the second-largest dry natural gas producer in Africa. In 2013, Egypt was the largest consumer of oil and natural gas in Africa, as more than 20% of total oil consumption and more than 40% of total dry natural gas consumption in Africa. Also, Egypt possesses the largest oil

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or purchasing power remains relatively stagnant. Corruption is often cited by Egyptians as the main impediment to further economic growth. The government promised major reconstruction of the country's infrastructure, using money paid for the newly acquired third mobile license ($ 3 billion) by

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The move led to massive protests and violent action throughout Egypt. On 5 December 2012, tens of thousands of supporters and opponents of President Morsi clashed, in what was described as the largest violent battle between Islamists and their foes since the country's revolution. Mohamed Morsi

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Egypt has an unusually hot, sunny and dry climate. Average high temperatures are high in the north but very to extremely high in the rest of the country during summer. The cooler Mediterranean winds consistently blow over the northern sea coast, which helps to get more moderated temperatures,

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because they believed that it would impose strict Islamic practices, while Muslim Brotherhood backers threw their support behind Morsi. On 22 November 2012, President Morsi issued a temporary declaration immunising his decrees from challenge and seeking to protect the work of the constituent

2591:; but in 1841 the European powers, fearful lest he topple the Ottoman Empire itself, forced him to return most of his conquests to the Ottomans. His military ambition required him to modernise the country: he built industries, a system of canals for irrigation and transport, and reformed the 2323:. They defeated a Roman army at the battle of Heliopolis. Amr next proceeded in the direction of Alexandria, which surrendered to him by a treaty signed on 8 November 641. Alexandria was regained for the Byzantine Empire in 645 but was retaken by Amr in 646. In 654 an invasion fleet sent by 4738:

since 1979 (an average of $ 2.2 billion per year) and is the third-largest recipient of such funds from the United States following the Iraq war. Egypt's economy mainly relies on these sources of income: tourism, remittances from Egyptians working abroad and revenues from the Suez Canal.

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denouncing Egypt over its crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood, and cancelling future military exercises involving the two countries. There have been recent attempts, however, to normalise relations between the two, with both governments frequently calling for mutual support in the

2882:, as the anti-British riot was known, that saw much of downtown Cairo which the Khedive Ismail the Magnificent had rebuilt in the style of Paris, burned down. Farouk blamed the Wafd for the Black Saturday riot, and dismissed Nahas as prime minister the next day. He was replaced by 144: 5653:, which is considered the preeminent institution of Islamic higher learning and jurisprudence; founded in the late tenth century, it is by some measures the second oldest continuously operating university in the world. It is estimated that 15 million Egyptians follow native Sufi 6669: 6690:, emerged as the leading Egyptian studio, a role the company retained for three decades. For over 100 years, more than 4000 films have been produced in Egypt, three quarters of the total Arab production. Egypt is considered the leading country in the field of cinema in the 2921:

on 12 August 1952. Following a brief experiment with civilian rule, the Free Officers abrogated the monarchy and the 1923 constitution and declared Egypt a republic on 18 June 1953. Naguib was proclaimed as president, while Nasser was appointed as the new prime minister.

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was founded in the first century and remains the largest church in the country. With the arrival of Islam in the seventh century, the country was gradually Islamised into a majority-Muslim country. It is unknown when Muslims reached a majority, variously estimated from

2102:, was an entirely Achaemenid-ruled period, with the Achaemenid emperors all being granted the title of pharaoh. A few temporarily successful revolts against the Achaemenids marked the fifth century BCE, but Egypt was never able to permanently overthrow the Achaemenids. 5834:, despite being illegal in the country. In 2016 the law was amended to impose tougher penalties on those convicted of performing the procedure, pegging the highest jail term at 15 years. Those who escort victims to the procedure can also face jail terms up to 3 years. 2595:. He constructed a military state with around four percent of the populace serving the army to raise Egypt to a powerful positioning in the Ottoman Empire in a way showing various similarities to the Soviet strategies (without communism) conducted in the 20th century. 142: 141: 7616: 4216:, have often been strained. Tensions with Iran are mostly due to Egypt's peace treaty with Israel and Iran's rivalry with traditional Egyptian allies in the Gulf. Turkey's recent support for the now-banned Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and its alleged involvement in 5184:. Another challenge is low cost recovery due to water tariffs that are among the lowest in the world. This in turn requires government subsidies even for operating costs, a situation that has been aggravated by salary increases without tariff increases after the 146: 3282:. However, the new law placed restrictions on the candidates, and led to Mubarak's easy re-election victory. Voter turnout was less than 25%. Election observers also alleged government interference in the election process. After the election, Mubarak imprisoned 145: 4382:, a bipartisan independent agency of the US government, has placed Egypt on its watch list of countries that require close monitoring due to the nature and extent of violations of religious freedom engaged in or tolerated by the government. According to a 2010 3878:

was announced to be held within 6 months of the constitution's ratification on 18 January 2014, and were held in two phases, from 17 October to 2 December 2015. Originally, the parliament was to be formed before the president was elected, but interim president

140: 139: 138: 137: 136: 4334:. The military retains the ability to appoint the national Minister of Defence for the next two full presidential terms since the constitution took effect. Under the constitution, political parties may not be based on "religion, race, gender or geography". 143: 4001:

The military is influential in the political and economic life of Egypt and exempts itself from laws that apply to other sectors. It enjoys considerable power, prestige and independence within the state and has been widely considered part of the Egyptian

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with the rest elsewhere in the region) and the remaining 30% reside mostly in Europe and North America (318,000 in the United States, 110,000 in Canada and 90,000 in Italy). The process of emigrating to non-Arab states has been ongoing since the 1950s.

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Technical secondary education has two strands, one lasting three years and a more advanced education lasting five. Graduates of these schools may have access to higher education based on their results on the final exam, but this is generally uncommon.

4978:. The vehicle road network has expanded rapidly to over 34,000 km (21,000 mi), consisting of 28 lines, 796 stations, 1800 trains covering the Nile Valley and Nile Delta, the Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts, the Sinai, and the Western oases. 3783:

could threaten Egypt's densely populated coastal strip and have grave consequences for the country's economy, agriculture and industry. Combined with growing demographic pressures, a significant rise in sea levels could turn millions of Egyptians into

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In 2008, Egypt was estimated to have two million African refugees, including over 20,000 Sudanese nationals registered with UNHCR as refugees fleeing armed conflict or asylum seekers. Egypt adopted "harsh, sometimes lethal" methods of border control.

10681: 5139:. Work on the New Suez Canal was completed in July 2015. The channel was officially inaugurated with a ceremony attended by foreign leaders and featuring military flyovers on 6 August 2015, in accordance with the budgets laid out for the project. 5823:

the 1960s to 72.12 years in 2009. There was a noticeable decline of the infant mortality rate (during the 1970s to the 1980s the infant mortality rate was 101–132/1000 live births, in 2000 the rate was 50–60/1000, and in 2008 it was 28–30/1000).

5264:. Egyptian emigration was liberalised in 1971, under President Sadat, reaching record numbers after the 1973 oil crisis. An estimated 2.7 million Egyptians live abroad. Approximately 70% of Egyptian migrants live in Arab countries (923,600 in 4184:

with Israel. Despite that, Israel is still widely considered as a hostile state by the majority of Egyptians. Egypt has played a historical role as a mediator in resolving various disputes in the Middle East, most notably its handling of the

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Egypt's people are highly urbanised, being concentrated along the Nile (notably Cairo and Alexandria), in the Delta and near the Suez Canal. Egyptians are divided demographically into those who live in the major urban centres and the

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Transport in Egypt is centred around Cairo and largely follows the pattern of settlement along the Nile. The main line of the nation's 40,800-kilometre (25,400 mi) railway network runs from Alexandria to Aswan and is operated by

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predates its Arab counterpart by many decades, having roots in the 19th century and becoming the dominant mode of expression of Egyptian anti-colonial activists and intellectuals until the early 20th century. The ideology espoused by

4816:(US$ 7.8 billion in 2009), as well as circulation of human and social capital and investment. Remittances, money earned by Egyptians living abroad and sent home, reached a record US$ 21 billion in 2012, according to the World Bank. 12938: 5724:, and are put in the position of either not obtaining required identification or lying about their faith. A 2008 court ruling allowed members of unrecognised faiths to obtain identification and leave the religion field blank. 7608: 7287:

is highly controversial and disputed by various entities and groups. Estimates range from as low as 5% to as high as 20%. Since 2006, religion has been omitted from censuses after widespread claims that the figures had been

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Although one of the main obstacles still facing the Egyptian economy is the limited trickle down of wealth to the average population, many Egyptians criticise their government for higher prices of basic goods while their

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had captured Alexandria and her mercenary forces had fled. The Ptolemies faced rebellions of native Egyptians and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its annexation by Rome.

135: 4762:(IMF) has rated Egypt as one of the top countries in the world undertaking economic reforms. Some major economic reforms undertaken by the government since 2003 include a dramatic slashing of customs and tariffs. A new 4753:

Economic conditions have started to improve considerably, after a period of stagnation, due to the adoption of more liberal economic policies by the government as well as increased revenues from tourism and a booming

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The population of Egypt is estimated as being 90% Muslim, 9% Coptic Christian and 1% other Christian, though estimates vary. Microsoft Encarta Online similarly estimates the Sunni population at 90% of the total. The

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Egyptian society is moderately unequal in terms of income distribution, with an estimated 35–40% of Egypt's population earning less than the equivalent of $ 2 a day, while only around 2–3% may be considered wealthy.

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seven times, including three times in a row in 2006, 2008, and 2010. Considered the most successful African national team and one which has reached the top 10 of the FIFA world rankings, Egypt has qualified for the

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Egypt is divided into 27 governorates. The governorates are further divided into regions. The regions contain towns and villages. Each governorate has a capital, sometimes carrying the same name as the governorate.

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face discrimination at multiple levels of the government, ranging from underrepresentation in government ministries to laws that limit their ability to build or repair churches. Intolerance towards followers of the

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following a referendum approved by an overwhelming majority of voters (98.1%). 38.6% of registered voters participated in the referendum a higher number than the 33% who voted in a referendum during Morsi's tenure.

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with no real opposition. In April 2019, Egypt's parliament extended presidential terms from four to six years. President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi was also allowed to run for third term in next election in 2024.

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In its most recent review of Egypt's economy, the IMF has said the expansion has broadened from energy, construction, and telecommunications to labor-intensive sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing.

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The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows ship transport between

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Egyptian guerrillas staged a fierce attack on the British forces around the Suez Canal, during which the Egyptian Auxiliary Police were observed helping the guerrillas. In response, on 25 January, General

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In 2022, Egypt's adult literacy rate was 74.5%, compared to 71.1% in 2017. Literacy is lowest among those over 60 years of age, at 35.1%, and highest among youth between 15 and 24 years of age, at 92.2%.

4435:. Egypt's authorities do not release figures on death sentences and executions, despite repeated requests over the years by human rights organisations. The United Nations human rights office and various 2999:(Suez Crisis), in which Israel (with support from France and the United Kingdom) occupied the Sinai peninsula and the Canal. The war came to an end because of US and USSR diplomatic intervention and the 2364:

period was marked by new taxations, and the Copts revolted again in the fourth year of Abbasid rule. At the beginning of the 9th century the practice of ruling Egypt through a governor was resumed under

11755: 2823:, which, under the terms of the existing Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreement of 1899, stated that Sudan should be jointly governed by Egypt and Britain, but with real power remaining in British hands. 15396: 11408: 11352: 11200: 10711: 7451: 10283: 8470: 22733: 10166: 7810: 9259: 6813:. There are also numerous folkloric and character dances that may be part of an Egyptian-style belly dancer's repertoire, as well as the modern shaabi street dance which shares some elements with 14084: 13960:

Egyptian Water Use Management Project (EWUP), 1984. Improving Egypt's Irrigation System in the Old Lands, Final Report. Colorado State University and Ministry of Public Works and Water Resources.

13590: 13251: 14247: 6473:, also known as calcium copper silicate, is a pigment used by Egyptians for thousands of years. It is considered to be the first synthetic pigment. The wall paintings done in the service of the 5104: mi) long, 24 metres (79 feet) deep and 205 m (673 ft) wide as of 2010. It consists of the northern access channel of 22 km (14 mi), the canal itself of 162.25 km ( 23467: 22723: 13631: 6317: 5165:

in Egypt increased between 1990 and 2010 from 89% to 100% in urban areas and from 39% to 93% in rural areas despite rapid population growth. Over that period, Egypt achieved the elimination of

22701: 7481: 4298:. The personal status law that regulates matters such as marriage, divorce and child custody is governed by Sharia. In a family court, a woman's testimony is worth half of a man's testimony. 13716: 13041: 12516: 10767: 16107: 12143: 4330:. The president is elected to a four-year term and may serve 2 terms. The parliament may impeach the president. Under the constitution, there is a guarantee of gender equality and absolute 4134:

have improved significantly following Mohamed Morsi's removal and both countries have worked since then to strengthen military and trade ties among other aspects of bilateral co-operation.

12946: 133: 22716: 22711: 10621: 7129: 16081: 22794: 17987: 14625: 13309: 5387:

was 117,000, a decrease from the previous year. Egyptian government claims that a half-million Syrian refugees live in Egypt are thought to be exaggerated. There are 28,000 registered

15108: 12886: 12450: 12798: 12708: 6643:, attributed to large audiences and increasing freedom from government control. Freedom of the media is guaranteed in the constitution; however, many laws still restrict this right. 23502: 20793: 13071: 13335: 11965: 7887: 3516:. New constitutional reforms have been implemented, meaning strengthening the role of military and limiting the political opposition. The constitutional changes were accepted in a 20823: 18714: 16274: 1927:

ushered in a time of political upheaval for about 150 years. Stronger Nile floods and stabilisation of government, however, brought back renewed prosperity for the country in the

14827: 14460: 9324: 7686: 4522: 21295: 9919: 134: 12275: 9859: 9358: 22661: 17757: 14765: 14651: 13221: 12223: 8306: 4696:

Egypt's economy depends mainly on agriculture, media, petroleum exports, natural gas, and tourism. There are also more than three million Egyptians working abroad, mainly in

1693: 22666: 22646: 22636: 22100: 16790: 12030: 2979:. After Naguib's resignation, the position of president was vacant until the election of Nasser in 1956. In October 1954, Egypt and the United Kingdom agreed to abolish the 22671: 22656: 22651: 22641: 22631: 22121: 19202: 15025: 4439:

expressed "deep alarm" after an Egyptian Minya Criminal Court sentenced 529 people to death in a single hearing on 25 March 2014. Sentenced supporters of former president

2384: 12682: 7555: 5132: mi). The canal is a single lane with passing places in the Ballah By-Pass and the Great Bitter Lake. It contains no locks; seawater flows freely through the canal. 3188:

in exchange for Israeli withdrawal from Sinai. In return, Egypt recognised Israel as a legitimate sovereign state. Sadat's initiative sparked enormous controversy in the

21488: 18707: 13565: 13111: 10643: 10429: 7647: 7081:

are Egypt's best players and all were ranked the world's number one squash player. Egypt has won the Squash World Championships five times, with the last title being in

5661:

leadership asserting that the numbers are much greater, as many Egyptian Sufis are not officially registered with a Sufi order. At least 305 people were killed during a

5376: 4421:. An Egyptian court ruled in early 2008 that members of other faiths may obtain identity cards without listing their faiths, and without becoming officially recognised. 4379: 2345: 13392: 19773: 16785: 16780: 13827: 12855: 12656: 10591: 7949: 7159: 5808: 16055: 15905: 11647: 10500: 23507: 19027: 13861: 12982: 12959: 11819: 11725: 10797: 15137: 11942: 8104: 22135: 15995: 11139: 5195:

In the Nile valley and delta, almost 33,600 square kilometres (13,000 sq mi) of land benefit from these irrigation waters producing on average 1.8 crops per year.

1087: 573: 12916: 12620: 11999: 23388: 17980: 15310: 15284: 10972: 14506: 13196: 13011: 11747: 10339: 8171: 3297:

released a report alleging that Egypt had become an international centre for torture, where other nations send suspects for interrogation, often as part of the

22035: 21541: 12831: 10703: 5611: 5188:. Poor operation of facilities, such as water and wastewater treatment plants, as well as limited government accountability and transparency, are also issues. 15392: 11530: 11400: 11348: 11196: 10819: 7817: 7443: 4366: 18628: 14597: 13974: 10275: 8805: 15642: 15555: 14678: 13654: 9832: 7415: 4417:, also remains a problem. When the government moved to computerise identification cards, members of religious minorities, such as Baháʼís, could not obtain 3278:. In late February 2005, Mubarak announced a reform of the presidential election law, paving the way for multi-candidate polls for the first time since the 22345: 14732: 11903: 11587: 10156: 8462: 3491:

and activists have either been sentenced to death or life imprisonment in a series of mass trials. On 18 January 2014, the interim government instituted a

14916: 10376: 10076: 23517: 21288: 14123: 9243: 7198: 2780: 1003:

saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt was an early and important

15804: 13597: 13243: 12365: 12087: 2795:; despite being nominally independent, the Kingdom was still under British military occupation and the UK still had great influence over the state. The 22696: 21146: 21141: 18600: 18551: 17973: 15366: 14244: 7700:

but only in recent years has it been truly a nation-state, with a government claiming the allegiance of its subjects on the basis of a common identity.

7585: 5786:. The country is currently opening new research institutes with the aim of modernising scientific research and development; the most recent example is 13623: 8619: 4869:

Egypt's beaches on the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, which extend to over 3,000 kilometres (1,900 miles), are also popular tourist destinations; the

2948:, the rule of Egypt passed to military hands and all political parties were banned. On 18 June 1953, the Egyptian Republic was declared, with General 22603: 22093: 21131: 21126: 21121: 21116: 21111: 21106: 21101: 21096: 17312: 15534: 13414: 13143: 12118: 10529: 10469: 9532: 5711:

The Egyptian government recognises only three religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Other faiths and minority Muslim sects, such as the small

4727:

In 2022, the Egyptian economy entered an ongoing crisis, the Egyptian pound was one of the worst performing currencies, inflation. reached 32.6% and

2952:

as the first President of the Republic, serving in that capacity for a little under one and a half years. Republic of Egypt (1953–1958) was declared.

2626: 15422: 14875: 7473: 6969:(also known as "ta'miya"), which may have originated in Egypt and spread to other parts of the Middle East. Garlic fried with coriander is added to 2300:

to the country. Some time during this period, Egyptians began to blend in their new faith with indigenous beliefs and practices, leading to various

16103: 14221: 13712: 12520: 10763: 8558: 6561:

and is some of the earliest known literature. Indeed, the Egyptians were the first culture to develop literature as we know it today, that is, the

2666:

a prominent figure. After increasing tensions and nationalist revolts, the United Kingdom invaded Egypt in 1882, crushing the Egyptian army at the

981: 544: 23293: 15931: 13805: 13771: 13033: 12140: 6565:. It is an important cultural element in the life of Egypt. Egyptian novelists and poets were among the first to experiment with modern styles of 4153:

are located in Cairo and the body's secretary general has traditionally been Egyptian. This position is currently held by former foreign minister

3447:

announced his 35-member cabinet comprising 28 newcomers, including four from the Muslim Brotherhood. Liberal and secular groups walked out of the

2427:

military caste, took control about 1250. By the late 13th century, Egypt linked the Red Sea, India, Malaya, and East Indies. The mid-14th-century

21481: 20777: 16559: 15965: 14333: 10560: 8328: 8030: 5685: 5073:. The northern terminus is Port Said and the southern terminus is Port Tawfiq at the city of Suez. Ismailia lies on its west bank, 3 kilometres ( 2784: 2622: 2548: 439: 16077: 11116: 10613: 9713:"Solidly ahead of oil, Suez Canal revenues, and remittances, tourism is Egypt's main hard currency earner at $ 6.5 billion per year." (in 2005) 22786: 21281: 20690: 20615: 18394: 14622: 13681: 13456: 12197: 6890:. They are usually associated with a particular Coptic or Sufi saint, but are often celebrated by Egyptians irrespective of creed or religion. 5841:

reached 37 million in 2009, of which 11 million are minors, providing an insurance coverage of approximately 52 percent of Egypt's population.

4301:

On 26 December 2012, the Muslim Brotherhood attempted to institutionalise a controversial new constitution. It was approved by the public in a

4234: 2334:, which was later burned down during the Crusades. Cairo was later built in the year 986 to grow to become the largest and richest city in the 1149:

since he was elected in 2014, has been described by a number of watchdogs as authoritarian and responsible for perpetuating the country's poor

13914: 23472: 19193: 19020: 18556: 17181: 15837: 15694: 15200: 14356: 14085:"Nasser's Educators and Agitators across al-Watan al-'Arabi: Tracing the Foreign Policy Importance of Egyptian Regional Migration, 1952–1967" 13301: 11616: 10107: 9658: 8379: 7082: 5565:. Official data about religion is lacking due to social and political sensitivities. An estimated 85–90% are identified as Muslim, 10–15% as 2874:

sent out British tanks and infantry to surround the auxiliary police station in Ismailia. The police commander called the Interior Minister,

1211: 681: 23288: 16025: 15259: 15115: 12878: 12705:"Christianity's Modern-Day Martyrs: Victims of Radical Islam – Rising Islamic Extremism Is Putting Pressure on Christians in Muslim Nations" 12446: 10309: 8252:– but not the original "ketiv" – of "Jerusalem" ("ירושלם"). It should also be noted that the dual ending – which may or may not be what the 3050:. Despite several military moves and peace conferences, the war sank into a stalemate. In mid May 1967, the Soviet Union issued warnings to 23512: 22086: 19572: 14593: 13535: 12806: 12737: 12704: 10936: 9806: 8976: 8801: 7788: 736: 13063: 11969: 8496: 5764:

deteriorate. Today this trend has culminated in poor teacher–student ratios (often around one to fifty) and persistent gender inequality.

23487: 23334: 19764: 18583: 13331: 12306: 11326: 11005: 10733: 9586: 9097:. Cambridge University Press. p. 220, Figure 7.4 "Numeracy in selected Middle Eastern countries", based on Prayon and Baten (2013). 6698:

has been rated as one of 11 festivals with a top class rating worldwide by the International Federation of Film Producers' Associations.

3871: 3426: 2808: 2662:

Local dissatisfaction with the Khedive and with European intrusion led to the formation of the first nationalist groupings in 1879, with

1697: 444: 14412: 9472: 8946: 8427: 3309:" political system, and democracy as a "long-term goal". Dessouki also stated that "the real center of power in Egypt is the military". 2575:

before the end of the century, concentrating land ownership and shifting production towards international markets. Muhammad Ali annexed

22676: 22591: 21474: 16807: 16775: 14031: 12055: 11643: 11468: 11047: 9923: 9316: 8732:

They were members of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Macedonian Greeks, who ruled Egypt after the death of its conqueror, Alexander the Great.

1203: 508: 14311: 12741: 9609:

Egypt's Economic Predicament: A Study in the Interaction of External Pressure, Political Folly, and Social Tension in Egypt, 1960–1990

7759: 23492: 22777: 20650: 20620: 17636: 17164: 16646: 14755: 14438: 12265: 9347: 9294: 7385: 7097: 7089: 4424:

Clashes continued between police and supporters of former president Mohamed Morsi. During violent clashes that ensued as part of the

3394:

began against Mubarak's government. On 11 February 2011, Mubarak resigned and fled Cairo. Jubilant celebrations broke out in Cairo's

2988: 2935: 2277: 629: 14643: 8641: 7015:". With twenty titles, Al Ahly is currently the world's most successful club in terms of international trophies, surpassing Italy's 4465:

by the post-Morsi interim Egyptian government. According to human rights groups there are some 60,000 political prisoners in Egypt.

23408: 20947: 20584: 19013: 17648: 17039: 16233: 15250: 13749: 13508: 13213: 12767: 12424: 12022: 9956: 7876: 7113: 7093: 5721: 4418: 4302: 4166: 4109: 4084: 3922: 3457: 3422: 15344: 14486: 12494: 12398: 10899: 10406: 10221: 10133: 9205: 9135:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 217, 224 Figure 7.6: "Height development in the Middle East and the world (male)" and 225. 6504:. Modern and contemporary Egyptian art can be as diverse as any works in the world art scene, from the vernacular architecture of 5768:

students for further education, and graduates of this track normally join higher education institutes based on the results of the

3528:) Party, which strongly supports president El-Sisi. The party even increased its majority, partly because of new electoral rules. 1747: 23298: 20927: 20922: 20917: 20912: 20839: 20808: 20753: 20176: 20053: 19508: 18857: 18096: 17083: 16817: 15668: 13945: 12594: 9897: 8256:

in "Mitzráyim" actually represents – was available to other Semitic languages, such as Arabic, but was not applied to Egypt. See

7125: 7121: 7069:

are other popular sports in Egypt. The Egyptian squash team has been competitive in international championships since the 1930s.

4791: 4394:; 77% supported whippings and cutting off of hands for theft and robbery; and 82% support stoning a person who commits adultery. 4370:

Protesters from the Third Square movement, which supported neither the former Morsi government nor the Armed Forces, 31 July 2013

4247: 3517: 985: 15021: 14272: 13887: 13485: 12678: 12572: 12215: 11872: 11846: 11255: 11173: 10046: 10016: 9986: 3944:

at 12 (with 60 being the highest score and 0 the lowest), which gave it the freedom rating of "Not Free". According to the 2023

3172:

economic reform policy, while clamping down on religious and secular opposition. In 1973, Egypt, along with Syria, launched the

1517: 23527: 21073: 20907: 20902: 20897: 20892: 20887: 20882: 20877: 20872: 20867: 20743: 16360: 14960: 11693: 8280: 7916: 7547: 7105: 5260:

While emigration was restricted under Nasser, thousands of Egyptian professionals were dispatched abroad in the context of the

4747: 4375: 4306: 3217:

came to power after the assassination of Sadat in a referendum in which he was the only candidate. He became another leader to

3181: 2914: 2909:, who was, at the time, a seven-month-old baby. The Royal Family left Egypt some days later and the Council of Regency, led by 1512: 13561: 7720: 5293:

are by far the largest ethnic group in the country, constituting 99.7% of the total population. Ethnic minorities include the

4205:

following the ouster of Mohamed Morsi, and despite recent attempts by countries like Turkey and Qatar to take over this role.

1509: 23522: 21304: 20849: 20748: 20267: 19558: 18377: 17885: 15887: 15590: 15147: 14944: 14711: 14577: 14008: 13376: 13284: 12863: 12178: 11041: 9748: 9630: 9580: 9466: 9430: 9401: 9253: 9140: 9102: 9065: 9038: 9010: 8940: 8887: 8529: 8421: 8353: 7753: 7680: 7639: 7109: 7101: 5787: 4190: 3875: 3484: 3429:

since the previous regime had been in power. Turnout was high and there were no reports of major irregularities or violence.

3083: 1515: 13831: 12652: 11284: 10583: 9754: 9071: 7938: 7007:

is the most successful club of the 20th century in the African continent according to CAF, closely followed by their rivals

5692:

denominations. Non-native Christian communities are largely found in the urban regions of Cairo and Alexandria, such as the

3443:

on 24 June 2012. On 30 June 2012, Mohamed Morsi was sworn in as Egypt's president. On 2 August 2012, Egypt's Prime Minister

2819:

was concluded and British troops withdrew from Egypt, except for the Suez Canal. The treaty did not resolve the question of

2034:. Frequent contacts with other nations brought new ideas to the New Kingdom. The country was later invaded and conquered by 23532: 20589: 18509: 17709: 17363: 17307: 17263: 17076: 16750: 16740: 16700: 16047: 15902: 15606: 13853: 11639: 11495: 10192: 8207: 7945: 5577: 5514: 5148: 4743: 3756:, and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time in many decades. 3521: 3322: 3289:

Human Rights Watch's 2006 report on Egypt detailed serious human rights violations under Mubarak's rule, including routine

3218: 3108: 2995:

the Suez Canal on 26 July 1956; his hostile approach towards Israel and economic nationalism prompted the beginning of the

2305: 2243: 17557: 15444: 14383: 13359: 12979: 11715: 11588:"Mechanisms of Accountability in Arab Governance: The Present and Future of Judiciaries and Parliaments in the Arab World" 11077: 10789: 7356: 22109: 20716: 20707: 17368: 17108: 16994: 14999: 14647: 14464: 11926: 11438: 11378: 11226: 9867: 9717: 8101: 8052:"Lessons from/for BRICSAM about south–north Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?". 5812: 5630: 4217: 3884: 3505: 3500: 3440: 3407: 3342: 3330: 1942: 1231: 1119: 18186: 15987: 14546: 12627: 11785: 10492: 9502: 5819:

accounted for 4.66% of the country's GDP. In 2009, there were 16.04 physicians and 33.80 nurses per 10,000 inhabitants.

1817:

culture took root in the Nile Valley. During the Neolithic era, several predynastic cultures developed independently in

21912: 20737: 20732: 20727: 20722: 20683: 18623: 18578: 17821: 17752: 17631: 17253: 17130: 16797: 16678: 16605: 16593: 16554: 15475: 12908: 8725: 7117: 7048: 4863: 3815: 3153: 3104: 2560: 2490: 1924: 1849: 1207: 1035: 893: 662: 21009: 16229: 15314: 15288: 14513: 10976: 22535: 21497: 20632: 19186: 18595: 17356: 16885: 16129: 15194: 13193: 13003: 12828: 10331: 8782: 8753: 8692: 8599: 8217: 8120: 7141: 6864: 6695: 5850: 4935:, and the Nile Delta. Egypt has huge reserves of gas, estimated at 2,180 cubic kilometres (520 cu mi), and 4080: 3302: 3256: 3243:

In the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, terrorist attacks in Egypt became numerous and severe, and began to target Christian

2831: 1719: 969: 17: 12542: 12336: 11517: 6569:, and the forms they developed have been widely imitated throughout the Arab world. The first modern Egyptian novel 23452: 22884: 20389: 19519: 19277: 18618: 18320: 18134: 18111: 18106: 17489: 17152: 16875: 14061: 8907: 5539: 4451:. By May 2014, approximately 16,000 people (and as high as more than 40,000 by one independent count, according to 4186: 4170: 4113: 3863: 3776:, the Nile flooded annually, replenishing Egypt's soil. This gave Egypt a consistent harvest throughout the years. 3573:, it possesses a land bridge (the Isthmus of Suez) between Africa and Asia, traversed by a navigable waterway (the 2692: 1983: 1418: 346: 8079: 5982: 4766:

implemented in 2005 decreased corporate taxes from 40% to the current 20%, resulting in a stated 100% increase in

4494:

In 2017, Cairo was voted the most dangerous megacity for women with more than 10 million inhabitants in a poll by

4294:

Islamic jurisprudence is the principal source of legislation. Sharia courts and qadis are run and licensed by the

4173:, have pledged billions of dollars to help Egypt overcome its economic difficulties since the overthrow of Morsi. 2913:

was formed. The council, however, held only nominal authority and the real power was actually in the hands of the

2458: 20627: 20605: 20340: 19757: 18610: 18590: 17848: 17816: 17569: 17295: 16705: 16425: 15634: 15559: 14674: 9836: 8186: 7407: 7226: 5558: 4146: 3823: 3326: 3168:, expelling the Soviet advisors in 1972. Egypt was renamed as Arab Republic of Egypt in 1971. Sadat launched the 2095: 1701: 1115: 1051: 92: 14728: 11811: 11591: 10372: 5401:. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. 4444: 4092: 3469: 3338: 2501:

Bonaparte in 1798. After the French were defeated by the British, a three-way power struggle ensued between the

2485:, the Egyptian military caste who had ruled the country for centuries. Egypt remained semi-autonomous under the 178: 23477: 23349: 23324: 22515: 20817: 20156: 17417: 17211: 17174: 15877: 14913: 7716: 7133: 7003:

is one of the fiercest derbies in Africa, and the BBC picked it as one of the 7 toughest derbies in the world.

4288: 4120: 3279: 3039: 2945: 2890: 2843: 610: 20983: 16317: 13658: 13482:"IRIN Middle East | Egypt: Corruption hampering development, says opposition report | Breaking News" 10845: 6727:

is a rich mixture of indigenous, Mediterranean, African and Western elements. It has been an integral part of

5569:, and 1% as other Christian denominations; other estimates place the Christian population as high as 15–20%. 5226: 4428:, 595 protesters were killed with 14 August 2013 becoming the single deadliest day in Egypt's modern history. 2697: 23457: 22770: 20676: 20579: 18638: 17704: 17499: 16905: 16430: 16413: 16321: 15370: 14849: 12079: 11991: 8663: 8266:

A Concise Lexicon of Late Biblical Hebrew: Linguistic Innovations in the Writings of the Second Temple Period

7298: 7012: 6466: 6388: 5697: 5398: 4327: 4162: 4124: 3953: 3918: 3914: 3710: 3569:

Egypt is bordered by Libya to the west, the Sudan to the south, and the Gaza Strip and Israel to the east. A

3448: 3222: 3185: 2863: 2816: 2118: 1888: 1099: 830: 23029: 21425: 19423: 17616: 15961: 15072: 12358: 10068: 8615: 7577: 1837:

inscriptions appeared during the predynastic period on Naqada III pottery vessels, dated to about 3200 BCE.

23537: 20160: 19179: 18671: 17680: 17484: 17452: 17268: 16900: 16770: 16693: 16195: 15913: 13140: 12110: 10918: 10525: 10461: 9524: 7027: 6986: 5562: 5394: 5173:

in Egypt is now practically universal with a rate of 99%. About one half of the population is connected to

4956: 4795: 4692:

Change in per capita GDP of Egypt, 1820–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.

3197: 3034:

seceded, thus ending the union. During most of its existence, the United Arab Republic was also in a loose

2910: 1131: 796: 16220: 15528: 13978: 4812:

An estimated 2.7 million Egyptians abroad contribute actively to the development of their country through

23080: 20350: 20335: 20312: 18633: 17931: 17843: 17685: 17427: 17317: 17140: 16935: 16802: 16745: 16641: 16516: 16333: 16241: 16214: 15418: 11525: 10881: 9796:

Dunne, Michele (January 2006). "Evaluating Egyptian Reform". Carnegie Papers: Middle East Series (66): 4.

5008: 4759: 4295: 2941: 2931: 2902: 2844:

British troops and tanks surrounded Abdeen Palace in Cairo and Lampson presented Farouk with an ultimatum

2776: 2524: 2110: 1958: 1135: 13797: 13163: 8562: 1534: 1531: 1528: 23542: 23462: 21066: 20803: 20798: 20610: 20345: 20325: 20320: 19750: 18573: 18561: 17838: 17643: 17540: 17523: 17506: 17447: 17273: 17228: 17159: 17098: 17071: 16715: 16574: 16353: 15939: 15472:"The Egyptian Identity: Pharaohs, Moslems, Arabs, Africans, Middle Easterners or Mediterranean People?" 14329: 13775: 6747:

in turn used as part of his effort to civilise the world. Egyptians used music instruments since then.

6477:

followed a rigid code of visual rules and meanings. Egyptian civilisation is renowned for its colossal

5622: 5388: 5011:, its main hub, operating scheduled passenger and freight services to more than 75 destinations in the 4975: 4578: 4530: 4495: 4425: 4353: 4349: 4305:

held 15–22 December 2012 with 64% support, but with only 33% electorate participation. It replaced the

4213: 4181: 4131: 3988: 2800: 2717: 2106: 1868: 1142: 806: 787: 763: 263: 20209:

Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.

14867: 13302:"Egypt's pound is among the worst performing currencies in 2023. And it's expected to plummet further" 11895: 8020: 7983: 6694:. Actors from all over the Arab world seek to appear in the Egyptian cinema for the sake of fame. The 6446: 5738: 3475: 2983:

of 1899 and grant Sudan independence; the agreement came into force on 1 January 1956. Nasser assumed

20260: 18699: 18661: 18566: 18370: 17804: 17747: 17714: 17479: 17389: 17351: 17346: 17334: 17233: 16925: 16895: 16880: 16632: 16171: 15047: 14297:

as late as the 19th century, according to James Edward Quibell, "When did Coptic become extinct?" in

13689: 13034:"My brother is one of Egypt's 60,000 political prisoners – and Trump is happy to let him rot in jail" 11112: 10205:

The Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces shall represent it internally and externally.

8774: 8239: 7137: 6588: 6394:

Egypt's renaissance peaked in the late 19th and early 20th centuries through the work of people like

6325: 5831: 5827: 5742:

Egyptian literacy rate among the population aged 15 years and older by UNESCO Institute of Statistics

5225:, with about 95 million inhabitants as of 2017. Its population grew rapidly from 1970 to 2010 due to 4735: 4555: 4506: 4135: 3252: 3177: 3087: 2219: 1876: 1071: 1063: 21004: 16165: 15228: 13448: 12194: 7670: 5509:. Spoken Coptic was mostly extinct by the 17th century but may have survived in isolated pockets in 3818:

on 9 June 1992, and became a party to the convention on 2 June 1994. It has subsequently produced a

2917:, led by Naguib and Nasser. Popular expectations for immediate reforms led to the workers' riots in 22869: 22763: 22586: 22480: 22045: 21330: 20302: 19262: 18739: 18656: 17880: 17860: 17668: 17494: 17290: 17278: 17115: 17093: 16760: 16710: 16651: 16610: 16486: 16481: 16447: 16408: 15690: 14360: 13910: 11606: 10954: 10099: 9650: 9572:

Nasser's Gamble: How Intervention in Yemen Caused the Six-Day War and the Decline of Egyptian Power

7772:... on July 9, 1805, Constantinople conferred upon Muhammad Ali the pashalik of Cairo ... 7315:

gave a higher estimate of the Muslim population, at 94.6%. In 2017, the government-owned newspaper

7231: 7171: 7163: 7145: 6826: 6380: 5929: 5662: 5384: 4855:

tourism generated some $ 9.4 billion in 2012, a slight increase over the $ 9 billion seen in 2011.

4518:

inside the country "that differ from official declarations of the Egyptian Department of Defense".

4209: 4202: 4194: 4091:

of the United States. Nevertheless, ties between the two countries have partially soured since the

3826: 3819: 3525: 3391: 3318: 2477:

cost it roughly one-sixth of its population. Egypt was always a difficult province for the Ottoman

2285: 2255: 2175: 1452: 1403: 1107: 1047: 929: 884: 457: 21019: 15829: 15176: 9833:"Democracy on the Nile: The story of Ayman Nour and Egypt's problematic attempt at free elections" 8377: 5919: 4457:), mostly Brotherhood members or supporters, have been imprisoned after Morsi's removal after the 4201:'s evacuation of its settlements from the strip in 2005, despite increasing animosity towards the 2991:. British forces completed their withdrawal from the occupied Suez Canal Zone on 13 June 1956. He 23547: 23329: 22755: 20330: 20118: 17789: 17412: 17147: 16999: 16972: 16957: 16952: 16688: 16588: 16017: 15242: 10552: 8968: 7503:

Truex, Rory; Tavana, Daniel L. (July 2019). "Implicit Attitudes toward an Authoritarian Regime".

6868: 5901: 5885: 5791: 4634: 4594: 3945: 3570: 3403: 3173: 3055: 2996: 2667: 2640: 2265: 1949:. The Hyksos invaders took over much of Lower Egypt around 1650 BCE and founded a new capital at 1928: 1914: 1458:(מִצְרַיִם / מִצְרָיִם), meaning "the two straits", a reference to the predynastic separation of 977: 913: 714: 587: 296: 14601: 13539: 12960:

A coronation flop: President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi fails to bring enough voters to the ballot box

10305: 9810: 8879: 8873: 8809: 8113:

Afrikas Horn: Akten der Ersten Internatio-nalen Littmann-Konferenz 2. bis 5. Mai 2002 in München

7784: 3067:

declared, "The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel".

1688:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

23552: 23319: 23152: 22475: 21014: 20943: 18757: 18688: 18666: 17941: 17870: 17799: 17621: 17589: 17283: 17221: 17216: 16930: 16395: 16293: 15917: 10741: 8717: 8492: 7255: 7031: 6973:, a popular green soup made from finely chopped jute leaves, sometimes with chicken or rabbit. 6619: 6576: 6403: 6002: 5693: 5681: 5420: 4646: 4570: 4462: 4313: 4040: 3807: 3785: 3461: 3334: 3091: 3071: 2851: 2733: 2652: 2604: 2454: 2164: 1907: 1341: 1055: 996: 949: 941: 637: 581: 395: 213: 112: 31: 21273: 19679: 14934: 14701: 13274: 12298: 10998: 9570: 8930: 8869: 8684: 8678: 8343: 8269: 5633:

estimates the Shia population at 1 to 2.2 million and could measure as much as 3 million. The

5352:, "some of whom have lived in Egypt for generations". Smaller numbers of immigrants come from 4734:

The government has invested in communications and physical infrastructure. Egypt has received

1284:

tablets as "a-ku-pi-ti-yo". The adjective "aigýpti-"/"aigýptios" was borrowed into Coptic as "

22889: 21059: 21029: 20574: 20150: 19282: 18889: 17875: 17767: 17737: 17626: 17606: 17552: 17464: 17103: 17061: 17056: 17034: 16842: 16832: 16617: 16496: 16464: 16346: 15733:"LibGuides: Middle Eastern & North African Cinema & Film: Egyptian Cinema & Film" 14408: 11307:

The History, Fungal Biodiversity, Conservation, and Future Perspectives for Mycology in Egypt

11031: 10430:"Violence breaks out across Egypt as protesters decry Mohammed Morsi's constitutional 'coup'" 9456: 9393: 8591: 8585: 8411: 8322: 7284: 7167: 7151: 6875: 6465:

The Egyptians were one of the first major civilisations to codify design elements in art and

6460: 6149: 6104: 5906: 5890: 5673: 5518: 5250: 5204: 5170: 5049: 4936: 4801: 4638: 4590: 4546: 4542: 4343: 4243: 4240: 3993: 3984: 3492: 3472:

Morsi from office, dissolved the Shura Council and installed a temporary interim government.

3418:. On 13 February 2011, the military dissolved the parliament and suspended the constitution. 3294: 3125: 3047: 2736:. Hussein Kamel declared Egypt's independence from the Ottoman Empire, assuming the title of 2567:

that was to rule Egypt until the revolution of 1952. The introduction in 1820 of long-staple

2552: 2528: 2494: 2393: 2067: 1818: 1628: 1459: 1150: 1024: 1008: 1004: 526: 480: 364: 98: 22078: 17965: 14035: 12733: 12052: 11460: 9060:. Cambridge Middle East Studies. Vol. 8. Cambridge University Press. pp. 119–147. 7743: 5830:

in 2008, an estimated 91.1% of Egypt's girls and women aged 15 to 49 have been subjected to

23482: 23126: 22597: 22550: 22427: 22050: 21891: 20699: 20497: 20292: 20253: 20018: 18681: 18676: 18521: 18363: 17742: 17692: 17562: 16666: 16656: 14315: 8260:

Aaron Demsky ("Hebrew Names in the Dual Form and the Toponym Yerushalayim" in Demsky (ed.)

7155: 7056: 7052: 6992: 6763: 6399: 6360: 6352: 6256: 6172: 6086: 6070: 6018: 5234: 4777: 4614: 4606: 4586: 4582: 4480: 4357: 4224: 4100: 4066: 4003: 3959: 3929: 3910: 3888: 3851: 3615:, on the east of the peninsula, is renowned for its wealth of coral reefs and marine life. 3027: 2980: 2820: 2804: 2768: 2564: 2532: 2239: 1973: 1880: 1834: 1219: 1146: 1059: 1043: 779: 425: 287: 21466: 16204: 15664: 14434: 9286: 7381: 7104:

achieved its best result in the tournament by reaching fourth place. Egypt has won in the

5712: 4780:, a business district established in 2001 to facilitate the growth of high-tech businesses 4468: 4402: 4316:." The present court system allows a death penalty including against an absent individual 2740:. Shortly following independence, Egypt was declared a protectorate of the United Kingdom. 2598:

Muhammad Ali Pasha evolved the military from one that convened under the tradition of the

2516: 1592: 1584: 1169:

River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only

869: 8: 23365: 23182: 22125: 20095: 19540: 19523: 18880: 17853: 17833: 17653: 17601: 17596: 17535: 17437: 17120: 17051: 17046: 16765: 16469: 15732: 15665:"Plus ca Change: The Role of the Media in Egypt's First Contested Presidential Elections" 10434: 10161: 7312: 7283:

is the majority and official religion of the country, the size of the country's historic

7183: 7179: 7175: 7044: 6860: 6847: 6750:

Contemporary Egyptian music traces its beginnings to the creative work of people such as

6537: 6509: 6240: 6206: 6201: 6188: 6052: 5650: 5588:

to as late as the 14th century. Egypt emerged as a centre of politics and culture in the

5221:

Egypt is the most populated country in the Arab world and the third most populous on the

5180:

Partly because of low sanitation coverage about 17,000 children die each year because of

4654: 4610: 4602: 4598: 4574: 4566: 4510: 4484: 4383: 4331: 4263: 4088: 3949: 3907: 3635: 3555: 3551: 2839: 2122: 1767: 1483: 769: 316: 18536: 14868:"Sufis In Egypt Thrive With More Than 15 Million Despite Attacks By Islamist Hardliners" 14492: 14149: 13741: 13512: 12775: 12484: 12420: 12390: 11670: 10398: 10217: 10129: 9948: 6965:(mashed fava beans) is one of the most popular dishes. Fava bean is also used in making 5337:

communities concentrated in the southeasternmost corner of the country, and a number of

4947:

of oil and 2,141.05 Tcf of natural gas in 2013, making the country the largest non-

3887:

took place on 26–28 May. Official figures showed a turnout of 25,578,233 or 47.5%, with

2445: 2304:

orders that have flourished to this day. These earlier rites had survived the period of

2046:, but native Egyptians eventually drove them out and regained control of their country. 23370: 23167: 22352: 20857: 20462: 20074: 18870: 18466: 18236: 18181: 17663: 17574: 17474: 17341: 17169: 17135: 17088: 17066: 16962: 16864: 16735: 16622: 16569: 16209: 15786: 15336: 15216: 14215: 14180: 14115: 12856:"Egypt: More than 500 sentenced to death in 'grotesque' ruling – Amnesty International" 11611: 9680: 9197: 8710: 8146: 7528: 7267: 7108:

five times, being the best team in Africa. In addition to that, it also championed the

6831: 5963: 5733: 5535: 5410: 5192:

some 46 cubic kilometres (37,000,000 acre·ft) are diverted into the irrigation canals.

4968: 4786: 4724:, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress the economy. 4622: 4473: 4458: 4432: 4387: 3968: 3899: 3867: 3855: 3732: 3563: 3559: 3537: 3465: 3436: 3130: 3064: 3051: 3043: 2968: 2960: 2898: 2737: 2688: 2676: 2656: 2631: 2556: 2366: 2191: 2121:, however, did not last long, as the Achaemenids were toppled several decades later by 1945:

heralded the arrival of the first foreign ruling dynasty in Egypt, that of the Semitic

1199: 1123: 1095: 1028: 921: 495: 281: 20953: 19171: 13883: 13244:"Egypt is more concerned with controlling information than containing the coronavirus" 13093: 12598: 11868: 11842: 9889: 5379:

estimated that the total number of "people of concern" (refugees, asylum seekers, and

4688: 3375:: celebrations in Tahrir Square after the announcement of Hosni Mubarak's resignation. 3293:, arbitrary detentions and trials before military and state security courts. In 2007, 1165:

is its official language. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the

991:

Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the

78: 23172: 22909: 20228: 19853: 19742: 19725: 19298: 18731: 18176: 17917: 17811: 17611: 17518: 17469: 17422: 17407: 17322: 17238: 17125: 17023: 17004: 16837: 16511: 16506: 16437: 16420: 16403: 15883: 15790: 15778: 15586: 15393:"Egypt's parliament passes bill designating FGM a felony, imposes stricter penalties" 15190: 15143: 14940: 14843: 14707: 14573: 14264: 14203: 14172: 14119: 14107: 13481: 13422: 13384: 13280: 12174: 11934: 11248: 11169: 11037: 10038: 10008: 9978: 9744: 9626: 9576: 9462: 9426: 9397: 9249: 9136: 9098: 9061: 9034: 9006: 8936: 8883: 8778: 8749: 8721: 8688: 8657: 8595: 8525: 8463:"Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, Χ χ, χεσι^φωνέω, Χημία" 8417: 8349: 8213: 8116: 7749: 7676: 7532: 7520: 7382:"Constitutional Declaration: A New Stage in the History of the Great Egyptian People" 6909: 6767: 6687: 6566: 6525: 6489: 6478: 6384: 6290: 6274: 6222: 6120: 5947: 5783: 5705: 5677: 5566: 5530: 5502: 5476: 5464: 5416: 5222: 5054: 4843: 4670: 4666: 4658: 4650: 4642: 4626: 4526: 4448: 4397: 4391: 4317: 4154: 3842: 3797: 3580: 3399: 3264: 3236: 2975:

and the real architect of the 1952 movement – and was later put under

2729: 2612: 2584: 2408: 2378: 2199: 2171: 2142: 2130: 2063: 1910: 1903: 1884: 1791: 1738: 1475: 1421: 1235: 1012: 909: 257: 237: 220: 21051: 21024: 17673: 16250: 14968: 14184: 11689: 11102:. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol. 80, issue 343, p. 104. 8277: 7609:"Egypt tries to silence its critics in the United States by jailing their relatives" 6332:

Egyptian identity evolved in the span of a long period of occupation to accommodate

4029: 3588:

Apart from the Nile Valley, the majority of Egypt's landscape is desert, with a few

22065: 22060: 22055: 21166: 21161: 21156: 21151: 20963: 20813: 20799:

Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries

20113: 18427: 17772: 17729: 17699: 17547: 17329: 17258: 17200: 16915: 16910: 16890: 16812: 16627: 16528: 16459: 16442: 16383: 15770: 15182: 14787: 14164: 14099: 13944:

National Water Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (2007):

8865: 7912: 7712: 7512: 7236: 7194: 6933: 6728: 6611: 6592: 6452: 6308: 6154: 6138: 6065: 6036: 5987: 5838: 5779: 5753: 5554: 5495: 5483: 5472: 5468: 5432: 5380: 5230: 4829: 4683: 4662: 4630: 4618: 3937: 3722: 3577:) that connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Indian Ocean by way of the Red Sea. 3513: 3060: 2906: 2875: 2859: 2796: 2792: 2616: 2608: 2350: 2231: 1872: 1668: 1433: 1389: 1016: 689: 412: 302: 19005: 17584: 14168: 14103: 14000: 11170:"Contingency planning for rising sea levels in Egypt | IRIN News, March 2008" 6716: 5245:, or farmers, that reside in rural villages. The total inhabited area constitutes 3866:, whose members are elected to serve five-year terms, specialises in legislation. 3727: 23314: 22964: 22485: 21531: 21526: 21521: 21516: 21511: 21136: 20358: 20069: 19785: 19718: 19627: 19214: 18984: 18865: 18454: 18231: 18005: 17762: 17579: 17530: 17432: 17248: 16984: 16967: 16598: 16523: 16304: 16269: 16245: 15909: 14920: 14814:

Islamic Reform and Conservatism: Al-Azhar and the Evolution of Modern Sunni Islam

14760: 14629: 14251: 13363: 13332:"Egypt's annual core inflation records 39.5% in March 2023: CBE - Dailynewsegypt" 13200: 13147: 12986: 12966: 12835: 12568: 12270: 12201: 12147: 12059: 11349:"Timetable for Egypt's parliamentary elections announced; voting to start 17 Oct" 11280: 9738: 9721: 9494: 9387: 9055: 8519: 8383: 8369: 8284: 8108: 7263: 7259: 6908:) has been celebrated by Egyptians for thousands of years, typically between the 6898: 6852: 6836: 6790: 6679: 6652: 6580: 6513: 6482: 6427: 6407: 6345: 6341: 5803: 5513:

as late as the 19th century. It remains in use as the liturgical language of the

5506: 5491: 5487: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5428: 5424: 5314: 5310: 5213: 5166: 4910: 4878: 4859: 4847: 4326:

On 18 January 2014, the interim government successfully institutionalised a more

4284: 4268: 4180:

and the subsequent peace treaty, Egypt became the first Arab nation to establish

3941: 3663: 3612: 3608: 3596:

that peak at more than 30 metres (100 ft) high. Egypt includes parts of the

3203: 3075: 2984: 2949: 2894: 2883: 2788: 2701: 2412: 2389: 2374: 2354: 2273: 2126: 2039: 1917: 1845: 1803: 1771: 1600: 1488: 1414: 1378: 901: 875: 862: 408: 250: 225: 55: 14200:

From Egypt to Europe : globalisation and migration across the Mediterranean

13004:"Egypt's interim Cabinet officially labels Muslim Brotherhood a terrorist group" 11491: 10863: 10188: 8397:

Pyramid Builders of Ancient Egypt: A Modern Investigation of Pharaoh's Workforce

6950:

throughout history, so a great number of vegetarian dishes have been developed.

4087:, which in 2015 amounted to US$ 1.3 billion. In 1989, Egypt was designated as a 3456:

offered a "national dialogue" with opposition leaders but refused to cancel the

2663: 2280:

during which they established a new short-lived province for ten years known as

23447: 23162: 22555: 21930: 20862: 20655: 19664: 19648: 18994: 18979: 18894: 18303: 18209: 18171: 18156: 18140: 17911: 17865: 17719: 17658: 17442: 17243: 16755: 16683: 16542: 16476: 15774: 15448: 15255: 13356: 12728: 12726: 11069: 9684: 8248: 7345: 7187: 7062: 7036: 6996: 6894: 6775: 6751: 6724: 6711: 6661: 6636: 6631: 6607: 6584: 6571: 6546: 6395: 5769: 5701: 5597: 5573: 5546: 5460: 5298: 5174: 5136: 4993:

consists of three operational lines with a fourth line expected in the future.

4959:, in the northern part of the country, with $ 25 billion in Russian financing. 4728: 4720:

in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population, limited

4709: 4378:

ranks Egypt as the fifth worst country in the world for religious freedom. The

4273: 4228: 4177: 4070: 4057: 3892: 3780: 3691: 3683: 3271: 3134: 3118: 2871: 2725: 2576: 2470: 2335: 2281: 2151: 2099: 2055: 1987: 1962: 1751: 1546: 1329: 1215: 1179: 1158: 1083: 1039: 1020: 747: 382: 331: 16048:"Mo Salah's late penalty gives Egypt first World Cup qualification since 1990" 14991: 12447:"7 Egyptian Christians, Florida pastor sentenced to death for anti-Islam film" 11778: 11430: 11374: 11222: 11140:"Biblical snowstorm: Rare flakes in Cairo, Jerusalem paralyzed by over a foot" 9714: 7047:. The Egyptian Youth National team Young Pharaohs won the Bronze Medal of the 3352: 2619:(in 1863) who encouraged science and agriculture and banned slavery in Egypt. 2234:

era in Egypt, when a great number of Egyptian Christians were persecuted. The

1875:

flourished during this long period and remained distinctively Egyptian in its

23441: 23423: 23410: 23085: 22934: 22540: 22235: 21375: 20973: 20221: 20079: 19730: 19338: 18959: 18926: 18335: 17794: 17782: 17777: 17457: 16547: 16308: 16264: 15782: 15758: 14538: 14207: 14176: 14111: 13426: 13388: 11938: 9776: 7524: 7040: 6958: 6755: 6558: 6470: 6419: 6356: 6321: 5871: 5689: 5456: 5452: 5436: 5330: 5322: 5261: 5246: 4870: 4839: 4488: 4453: 4440: 4105: 4096: 4053: 4010: 3933: 3903: 3703: 3601: 3444: 3432: 3415: 3395: 3381: 3312: 3298: 3214: 3207: 3165: 3035: 2812: 2670:

and militarily occupying the country. Following this, the Khedivate became a

2592: 2502: 2466: 2420: 2397: 2320: 2235: 2203: 2183: 2156: 2035: 1966: 1938: 1830: 1799: 1759: 1742: 1317: 1267: 1251: 1227: 1127: 1111: 1000: 976:, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the 953: 823: 267: 193: 180: 84: 20373: 16313: 15471: 14644:"Egypt's Shiite Minority: Between the Egyptian Hammer and the Iranian Anvil" 12723: 11554:

Jankowski, James. "Egypt and Early Arab Nationalism" in Rashid Khalidi, ed.

10644:"Abuse claims rife as Egypt admits jailing 16,000 Islamists in eight months" 4862:

is one of Egypt's best-known tourist attractions; it is the only one of the

4009:

Egypt is speculated by Israel to be the second country in the region with a

3802: 3504:

Gaza strip and Sinai. In April 2018, El-Sisi was re-elected by landslide in

2787:

on 22 February 1922. Following independence from the United Kingdom, Sultan

2403:

Muslim rulers remained in control of Egypt for the next six centuries, with

1700:

any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

1575:, but was probably pronounced in ancient Egyptian. The name is realised as 22839: 22412: 22372: 22362: 22185: 21925: 21852: 21435: 21320: 20472: 20134: 20013: 19978: 19448: 19438: 19242: 19121: 18989: 18974: 18969: 18949: 18934: 18494: 18290: 17997: 17921: 17511: 16920: 16579: 16279: 12626:. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 17 December 2009. Archived from 12064: 11720: 9734: 9383: 9242:

Collins, Robert O.; Collins, Professor of History Robert O. (29 May 2008).

8373: 7218: 7020: 6615: 6600: 6521: 6505: 6423: 6337: 6285: 5641:(ultra-conservative Sunni) population is estimated at five to six million. 5589: 5557:, accounting for five percent of all Muslims worldwide. Egypt also has the 5294: 5265: 5162: 5028: 5000: 4932: 4755: 4705: 4701: 4116: 3997:

Egyptian honour guard soldiers during a visit of U.S. Navy Adm. Mike Mullen

3880: 3753: 3695: 3687: 3675: 3487: 3363: 3161: 3138: 2992: 2976: 2955: 2760: 2743: 2440: 2227: 2114: 2049: 2007: 1425: 1195: 1191: 1183: 961: 905: 897: 15445:"Mideast: Egypt Makes Cultural Clout Count (IPS, Oct. 29, 2009)" 13946:

Actualizing the Right to Water: An Egyptian Perspective for an Action Plan

13624:"Global remittance flow grows 10.77% to $ 514 billion in 2012: World Bank" 9702:

Passion for Islam: Shaping the Modern Middle East: the Egyptian Experience

8748:(2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 25–26. 6371:

school that looked for inspiration to medieval Egyptian scholars, such as

5482:

The main foreign languages taught in schools, by order of popularity, are

3891:

winning with 23.78 million votes, or 96.9% compared to 757,511 (3.1%) for

845: 23242: 23044: 23024: 22944: 22545: 22260: 22150: 22040: 21380: 21082: 20645: 20554: 20276: 20233: 19963: 19903: 19898: 19793: 19622: 19453: 19343: 18944: 18386: 18268: 18255: 16940: 16671: 16661: 16454: 14294: 14150:"Why Do States Develop Multi-tier Emigrant Policies? Evidence from Egypt" 12546: 12328: 10999:"Land use and Coastal Management in the Third Countries: Egypt as a case" 10306:"Egypt's new president moves into his offices, begins choosing a Cabinet" 9688: 9422: 8272:) and Nadav Na'aman ("Shaaraim – The Gateway to the Kingdom of Judah" in 8206:

Dallmayr, Fred; Akif Kayapınar, M.; Yaylacı, İsmail (24 September 2014),

7078: 7070: 7000: 6981: 6962: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6759: 6683: 6550: 6364: 5972: 5618: 5593: 5510: 5365: 5334: 5185: 5012: 5004: 4990: 4924: 4834: 4813: 4767: 4721: 4713: 4165:, but it later returned to Cairo in 1989. Gulf monarchies, including the 4150: 3655: 3193: 3149: 3142: 3015: 2972: 2846:. Farouk capitulated, and Nahhas formed a government shortly thereafter. 2756: 2705: 2572: 2428: 2424: 2324: 2297: 2207: 2146: 2071: 2023: 2019: 1986:

that expanded during its greatest extension to an empire as far south as

1892: 1787: 1223: 1187: 1170: 1103: 1079: 1075: 340: 325: 15186: 14057: 13112:"Here are the 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death" 12909:"Egypt: Shocking Death Sentences Follow Sham Trial – Human Rights Watch" 11249:"Egypt: National Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation" 9057:

All the Pasha's Men: Mehmed Ali, his army and the making of modern Egypt

8903: 8150: 8134: 7785:"Density By Governorate 1/7/2020 – Area km2 (Theme: Population – pg.14)" 6938: 5680:

Christian Church. Other native Egyptian Christians are adherents of the

4773: 4208:

Ties between Egypt and other non-Arab Middle Eastern nations, including

3975:

was declared, a new constitution provided for a parliamentary monarchy.

3940:

in Egypt at 6 (with 40 representing the most free and 0 the least), and

3744:

falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as

2712: 2625:

remained nominally an Ottoman province. It was granted the status of an

2272:

The Byzantines were able to regain control of the country after a brief

23217: 23212: 23106: 23039: 22979: 22969: 22959: 22864: 22422: 22392: 22320: 22310: 22280: 22270: 22225: 22175: 22165: 21967: 21735: 21674: 21661: 21622: 21609: 21405: 21360: 21325: 20668: 20447: 20363: 20023: 19998: 19913: 19893: 19843: 19813: 19803: 19529: 19433: 19398: 19383: 19368: 19323: 19257: 18964: 18954: 18939: 18817: 18473: 16989: 16947: 16224: 14914:

Militants Kill 305 at Sufi Mosque in Egypt's Deadliest Terrorist Attack

12517:"Law No. 94 of 2003 Promulgating The National Council for Human Rights" 12489: 11748:"The U.S. gives Egypt $ 1.5 billion a year in aid. Here's what it does" 10361:"Egypt unveils new cabinet, Tantawi keeps defence post". 3 August 2012. 8071: 8025: 7016: 7008: 7004: 6970: 6886:

Egypt celebrates many festivals and religious carnivals, also known as

6691: 6672: 6640: 6517: 6501: 6435: 6431: 6415: 6411: 6368: 5997: 5934: 5676:

over 90% belong to the native Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, an

5550: 5338: 5326: 5254: 5044: 4928: 4898: 4806: 4410: 4280: 4018: 4014: 3847: 3699: 3619: 3574: 3283: 3189: 3079: 3011: 2918: 2879: 2855: 2835: 2764: 2636: 2223: 2187: 2027: 2003: 1982:

BCE began with the Eighteenth Dynasty, marking the rise of Egypt as an

1802:

migrated to the Nile River where they developed a settled agricultural

1550: 1429: 1361: 1321: 1091: 992: 973: 917: 19606: 18729: 12829:

Memory of a Mass Killing Becomes Another Casualty of Egyptian Protests

12569:"The Egyptian Human Rights Council: The Apple Falls Close to the Tree" 12543:"Egyptian National Council for Human Rights Against Human Rights NGOs" 11992:"Russia, Egypt seal preliminary arms deal worth $ 3.5 billion: agency" 10734:"Egyptian court sentences Muslim Brotherhood leader to life in prison" 10276:"Egypt's Historic Day Proceeds Peacefully, Turnout High For Elections" 10245:"The Egyptian constitutional referendum of March 2011 a new beginning" 10189:"The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces: Constitutional Proclamation" 8185:(1) (2 ed.). Il-Ghaqda tal-Kittieba tal-Malti: 35. Archived from 5649:

and has been dubbed "The City of 1,000 Minarets". The city also hosts

5345:

who are progressively becoming assimilated as urbanisation increases.

5157:

Green irrigated land along the Nile amidst the desert and in the delta

3956:

categorises Egypt as an "authoritarian regime", with a score of 2.93.

3898:

After a wave of public discontent with the autocratic excesses of the

23202: 23197: 23142: 22984: 22245: 21865: 21257: 21252: 21212: 21187: 20957: 20538: 20187: 19988: 19983: 19863: 19388: 18901: 18481: 18241: 18121: 17828: 17300: 14539:"Encyclopedia Coptica: The Christian Coptic Orthodox Church Of Egypt" 14463:. UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 27 January 2008. Archived from 12250: 11716:"Obama restores US military aid to Egypt over Islamic State concerns" 11320: 7074: 6913: 6732: 6217: 6099: 5716: 5634: 5290: 5208: 5181: 4443:

were to be executed for their alleged role in violence following his

4414: 3913:

announced the removal of Morsi from office and the suspension of the

3773: 3765: 3659: 3524:

confirmed a clear majority of the seats for Egypt's Mostaqbal Watan (

3306: 3054:

of an impending Israeli attack on Syria. Although the chief of staff

3006: 2481:

to control, due in part to the continuing power and influence of the

2160: 2015: 2011: 1840: 1814: 1611: 1354: 1346: 1255: 13094:"Alaa Abdel Fattah: Leading Egyptian activist jailed for five years" 10614:"Egypt protests: Hundreds killed after police storm pro-Morsi camps" 10069:"Mubarak Resigns As Egypt's President, Armed Forces To Take Control" 8546:

The Prehistory of Egypt: From the First Egyptians to the First Kings

8450:

Phonologies of Asia and Africa (including the Caucasus). Vol 1 of 2.

8007:

The Prehistory of Egypt: From the First Egyptians to the First Kings

7051:

in Argentina. Egypt was 4th place in the football tournament in the

4287:); and judicial review by a Supreme Court, which accepts compulsory 3971:

is mostly supported by the lower-middle strata of Egyptian society.

3520:

in April 2019. In December 2020, final results of the parliamentary

2862:

as new prime minister. In 1951 Egypt unilaterally withdrew from the

2830:

Following a ministerial crisis in February 1942, the ambassador Sir

2599: 2381:(935–969) were among the most successful to defy the Abbasid Caliph. 23498:

Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie

23344: 23268: 23237: 23232: 22899: 22894: 22854: 22849: 22834: 22495: 22387: 22340: 22300: 22295: 22210: 22195: 21800: 21761: 21698: 21635: 21345: 21262: 21232: 20412: 20206:

Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.

20064: 20003: 19958: 19938: 19933: 19928: 19828: 19488: 19463: 19313: 19308: 19287: 19252: 19237: 19095: 19056: 18827: 18196: 17952: 16501: 16199: 14830:. World Affairs Journal. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013 13970: 8299:"On the So-Called Ventive Morpheme in the Akkadian Texts of Amurru" 8243: 8115:. Meroitica 22. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005. p. 381. 7516: 7444:"Egypt's Sisi meets world Evangelical churches delegation in Cairo" 7317: 6771: 6657: 6596: 6251: 6183: 6167: 6081: 5626: 5549:

of Egypt, and the country has the largest Muslim population in the

5357: 5032: 5003:

and largest airline, was founded in 1932 by Egyptian industrialist

4996: 4894: 4882: 4323:. Several Americans and Canadians were sentenced to death in 2012. 3964: 3822:, which was received by the convention on 31 July 1998. Where many 3788:

by the end of the 21st century, according to some climate experts.

3745: 3651: 3643: 3542: 3248: 3157: 2588: 2498: 2211: 2075: 1954: 1822: 1281: 818: 751: 158: 22785: 15558:. Egypt State Information Service. 4 February 2006. Archived from 14512:. Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. p. 8. Archived from 13214:"Reporting on the coronavirus: Egypt muzzles critical journalists" 11896:"Exclusive: Egypt's Sisi asks for U.S. help in fighting terrorism" 11640:"The Egyptian Armed Forces and the Remaking of an Economic Empire" 10882:"Egypt's Sisi wins 97 percent in election with no real opposition" 10582:

Holpuch, Amanda; Siddique, Haroon; Weaver, Matthew (4 July 2013).

8996: 8994: 8298: 6786: 6528:

serves as the main performing arts venue in the Egyptian capital.

5007:, today owned by the Egyptian government. The airline is based at 3706:

include Ras Mohamed National Park, Zaranik Protectorate and Siwa.

2866:

and ordered all remaining British troops to leave the Suez Canal.

2807:

system. The nationalist Wafd Party won a landslide victory in the

2728:

entered World War I in alliance with the Central Empires; Khedive

2679:

prompted many neutral Egyptians to join the nationalist movement.

2109:

was the last native ruling dynasty during the Pharaonic epoch. It

2070:, began their conquest of Egypt, eventually capturing the pharaoh 1998:

in the east. This period is noted for some of the most well known

1102:

in exchange for its withdrawal from the occupied Sinai. After the

1011:

from the seventh century onwards. Cairo became the capital of the

23252: 23247: 23222: 23177: 23157: 23147: 23064: 23059: 23054: 23034: 23014: 22999: 22989: 22954: 22879: 22844: 22824: 22819: 22814: 22809: 22402: 22377: 22367: 22330: 22315: 22285: 22205: 22170: 22160: 22155: 21954: 21813: 21748: 21722: 21557: 21455: 21440: 21430: 21420: 21410: 21390: 21355: 21340: 21247: 21242: 21222: 21182: 20528: 20518: 20492: 20477: 20452: 20437: 20407: 20402: 20397: 20028: 19943: 19923: 19808: 19798: 19695: 19674: 19643: 19601: 19473: 19443: 19428: 19413: 19403: 19393: 19358: 19353: 19303: 19272: 19247: 19222: 19134: 19082: 19037: 18913: 18842: 18822: 18797: 18762: 18752: 18747: 18449: 18402: 18278: 18204: 18166: 18130: 18086: 18060: 18021: 14703:

Between Heaven and Hell: Islam, Salvation, and the Fate of Others

13685: 12799:"Health Ministry raises death toll of Wednesday's clashes to 638" 11927:"Trump Shifts Course on Egypt, Praising Its Authoritarian Leader" 10674:"Egypt sentences 683 to death in latest mass trial of dissidents" 8644:. Ancientsudan.org. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011 6966: 6954: 6942: 6917: 6851:

Tutankhamun's burial mask is one of the major attractions of the

6493: 6474: 6376: 6324:

is listed as one of the world's sixty great public spaces by the

6047: 5654: 5646: 5607: 5369: 5361: 5306: 4763: 4498:. Sexual harassment was described as occurring on a daily basis. 3671: 3290: 3169: 3113: 2767:

led the Egyptian nationalist movement to a majority at the local

2536: 2510: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2434: 2370: 2361: 2339: 2079: 2043: 2031: 1999: 1807: 1783: 1775: 933: 245: 15962:"Great Museum to be inaugurated in May 2018 – Egypt Independent" 14961:"Catholics in Egypt Reflect Church's Rich and Varied Traditions" 13798:"Russia to lend Egypt $ 25 billion to build nuclear power plant" 13596:. International Organization for Migration. 2010. Archived from 13064:"No political prisoners freed as Egypt pardons thousands on Eid" 11431:"Who's Who: Members of Egypt's 50-member constitution committee" 8969:"Icelandic Volcano Caused Historic Famine In Egypt, Study Shows" 8822:

See drop-down essay on "Islamic Conquest and the Ottoman Empire"

8452:

Ed: Alan S Kaye. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 1997: p. 449

7144:. Further, the team has won a record number of 16 medals at the 23227: 23207: 23192: 23187: 23121: 23116: 23090: 23019: 22994: 22929: 22924: 22914: 22859: 22490: 22417: 22407: 22275: 22265: 22240: 22230: 22190: 21993: 21878: 21787: 21648: 21370: 21303: 21237: 21192: 20523: 20432: 20427: 20084: 20008: 19973: 19908: 19888: 19878: 19838: 19823: 19818: 19498: 19483: 19478: 19418: 19373: 19333: 19227: 19206: 19108: 18847: 18812: 18787: 18782: 18777: 18767: 18516: 18504: 18444: 18439: 18434: 18407: 16533: 16491: 16338: 16283: 11572:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 264–265, 267. 11319:

Ibrahim, Kamal M.; Hosni, Hasnaa A.; Peterson, Paul M. (2016).

10553:"Army Ousts Egypt's President; Morsi Denounces 'Military Coup'" 9920:"United States "Deeply Troubled" by Sentencing of Egypt's Nour" 8991: 8102:

Morgenländische Wörter im Deutschen: Die ägyptischen Lehnwörter

7066: 6921: 6744: 6736: 6542: 6497: 6372: 6013: 5958: 5666: 5658: 5638: 5601: 5342: 5302: 5277: 5273: 5242: 5070: 5062: 5020: 5016: 4915: 4874: 4406: 4386:

Global Attitudes survey, 84% of Egyptians polled supported the

4198: 4142:

established a bilateral "comprehensive strategic partnership".

3749: 3597: 3425:

was held on 19 March 2011. On 28 November 2011, Egypt held its

2854:. The 1950 election saw a landslide victory of the nationalist 2647: 2568: 2506: 2474: 2450: 2416: 2331: 2312: 2301: 2289: 2260: 2091: 1995: 1950: 1946: 1826: 1795: 1779: 1603:

stage of the Egyptian language, and appeared in early Greek as

1568: 1417:. The current name of Egypt, Misr/Misir/Misru, stems from the 1325: 1291: 1174: 1162: 1067: 957: 925: 23468:

Countries and territories where Arabic is an official language

20245: 18355: 11812:"Obama cancels military exercises, condemns violence in Egypt" 6434:

path for Egypt expressed as a commitment to personal freedom,

3917:. A 50-member constitution committee was formed for modifying 3228: 2559:

military commander of the Ottoman army in Egypt. Muhammad Ali

1652: 1638: 1620: 1560: 1539: 23111: 23009: 23004: 22939: 22919: 22829: 22448: 22432: 22382: 22357: 22325: 22290: 22220: 22180: 22108: 22019: 21907: 21839: 21826: 21583: 21570: 21445: 21415: 21395: 21385: 21365: 21315: 21227: 21207: 21197: 20977: 20967: 20533: 20502: 20487: 20482: 20467: 20442: 20192: 20033: 19993: 19968: 19948: 19883: 19858: 19833: 19669: 19458: 19408: 19363: 19348: 19328: 19318: 19232: 19160: 19147: 18909: 18837: 18832: 18807: 18802: 18792: 18526: 18499: 18489: 18282: 18263: 18251: 18219: 18161: 18148: 18073: 18047: 17995: 16564: 16238: 14491:. Microsoft Encarta Online. 30 September 2008. Archived from 13171: 12171:

Middle East Contemporary Survey: 1995, Volume 19; Volume 1995

11869:"Egypt 'has key role' in fight against Islamic State – Kerry" 11325:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press. 10955:"Pro-Sisi party wins majority in Egypt's parliamentary polls" 9625:(4. ed.). London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. 443. 9348:"The International History of the Yemen Civil War, 1962-1968" 9005:. Third World Centre for Research and Publishing. p. 2. 8409: 8205: 7280: 6740: 6668: 6333: 6269: 6235: 6115: 5942: 5924: 5642: 5349: 5318: 5269: 4944: 4890: 4886: 4697: 4476:

was sentenced to five years of imprisonment in December 2021.

4158: 4139: 3757: 3679: 3647: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3589: 3584:

Egypt is the eighth most water stressed country in the world.

3275: 3260: 3247:, foreign tourists and government officials. In the 1990s an 3232: 3031: 3023: 2905:) against the king. Farouk I abdicated the throne to his son 2772: 2748: 2580: 2540: 2404: 2293: 2292:

Arabs. When they defeated the Byzantine armies in Egypt, the

2179: 1991: 1864: 1604: 1445: 1393: 1334: 1271: 1261: 1239: 1154: 1054:. For a brief period between 1958 and 1961 Egypt merged with 965: 945: 937: 172: 22122:

Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

15720:. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. pp. 12–13. 15585:(4 ed.). London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. 486. 13854:"Egypt's New Suez Canal to Be Completed for Aug. 6 Ceremony" 13772:"Egypt to reduce natural gas exports to avoid energy crisis" 12263: 12080:"Saudi Arabia and UAE to Prop Up Egypt With $ 5bn Aid Boost" 11893: 11590:. Programme on Governance in the Arab Region. Archived from 10937:"Sisi wins snap Egyptian referendum amid vote-buying claims" 10157:"WikiLeaks: Egypt's new man at the top 'was against reform'" 9922:. U.S. Department of State. 24 December 2005. Archived from 8771:

Portraits of the Ptolemies: Greek kings as Egyptian pharaohs

8021:"Urban population (% of total population) - Egypt, Arab Rep" 6754:, Almaz and Mahmoud Osman, who influenced the later work of 5749: 5333:

communities clustered along the Nile. There are also tribal

5169:

in rural areas and invested in infrastructure. Access to an

5153: 4981: 4447:

in July 2013. The judgement was condemned as a violation of

3098: 2925: 1794:

began to desiccate the pastoral lands of Egypt, forming the

23049: 22974: 22949: 22874: 22397: 22335: 22305: 22255: 22250: 22200: 22006: 21980: 21596: 21496: 21450: 21400: 21335: 21217: 21044:‡ denotes a former member state of the Non-Aligned Movement 20457: 20422: 20043: 19953: 19918: 19873: 19868: 19777: 19468: 19378: 19267: 18461: 18422: 18417: 16977: 16183: 16134: 11375:"Egypt to Hold Presidential Polls First: Interim President" 9679:

Middle East International No 270, 7 March 1986, Publishers

9552: 9550: 7975: 7548:"Egypt's Sisi Is Getting Pretty Good … at Being a Dictator" 6682:

became a regional force with the coming of sound. In 1936,

6562: 6314:

standing of Egyptian culture in the Arabic-speaking world.

6133: 6031: 5977: 5572:

Egypt was an early and leading center of Christianity into

5377:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

5353: 5066: 5024: 4948: 4717: 4380:

United States Commission on International Religious Freedom

3829:

neglect biological kingdoms apart from animals and plants,

3741: 3667: 3639: 3593: 3244: 3074:(Six-Day War) in which Israel attacked Egypt, and occupied 2316: 2087: 2083: 1763: 1313: 1166: 811: 15022:"Egypt Ahmadis detained under emergency law: rights group" 14641: 12595:"Religion: Few States Enjoy Freedom of Faith, Report Says" 12485:"BBC News – Egypt referendum: '98% back new constitution'" 12195:

This time, Gaza fighting is 'proxy war' for entire Mideast

5229:

and increases in agricultural productivity enabled by the

4952:

refinery capacity in Africa 726,000 bbl/d (in 2012).

3313:

Revolution, political crisis and transition (2011–Present)

2206:, who committed suicide following the burial of her lover 20824:"Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries 16177: 15583:

The history of modern Egypt: from Muhammad Ali to Mubarak

13652: 13415:"Egypt's army seems to want to make pasta as well as war" 13366:. Undp.org.eg (11 February 2011). Retrieved 29 July 2013. 12023:"Russia to boost trade with Egypt after Western food ban" 11809: 10900:"Egypt parliament extends presidential term to six years" 10130:"Egypt crisis: President Hosni Mubarak resigns as leader" 9623:

The History of Modern Egypt: From Muhammad Ali to Mubarak

9133:

A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present

9095:

A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present

9031:

A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present

8875:

Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250–1350

8517: 8342:

Black, Jeremy A.; George, Andrew; Postgate, J.N. (2000).

7662: 5637:

population is estimated at less than 50,000, whereas the

4436: 3046:. In the early 1960s, Egypt became fully involved in the 1953:. They were driven out by an Upper Egyptian force led by 980:. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 838: 23503:

Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

13194:

Al-Dschasira-Journalisten zu drei Jahren Haft verurteilt

12980:

Egypt sentences to death 529 supporters of Mohamed Morsi

11070:"Egypt to build new administrative and business capital" 11030:

Fouberg, Erin H.; Murphy, Alexander B.; de Blij (2009).

10155:

Hope, Christopher; Swinford, Steven (15 February 2011).

9547: 7043:

in their last qualifying game took Egypt through to the

5118: mi) and the southern access channel of 9 km ( 4923:

Egypt has a developed energy market based on coal, oil,

3117:

Egyptian tanks advancing in the Sinai desert during the

2771:. When the British exiled Zaghlul and his associates to 19201: 15718:

Dream Makers on the Nile: A Portrait of Egyptian Cinema

15367:"Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices" 14245:

Who are the 5 million refugees and immigrants in Egypt?

13591:"Migration and Development in Egypt: Facts and Figures" 11558:. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990, pp. 244–45 10620:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 15 August 2013. 10218:"Egyptian Parliament dissolved, constitution suspended" 7374: 6363:

principles. Tahtawi co-founded with education reformer

5383:) was about 250,000. In 2015, the number of registered 4483:

is illegal in Egypt. According to a 2013 survey by the

1474:. The oldest attestation of this name for Egypt is the 19772: 14699: 14293:

The language may have survived in isolated pockets in

14032:"Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy" 13164:"The world's most dangerous megacities for women 2017" 12247:

Egyptian Foreign Policy: Against the National Interest

12168: 10584:"Egypt's interim president sworn in - Thursday 4 July" 10493:"Morsi refuses to cancel Egypt's vote on constitution" 8448:

Antonio Loprieno, "Egyptian and Coptic Phonology", in

8242:

or an ending identical to the dual in form (perhaps a

7496: 7474:"Egyptian Copts reject population estimate – Politics" 6770:. Prominent contemporary Egyptian pop singers include 4405:, and those of the non-orthodox Muslim sects, such as 3042:(or the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen), known as the 2815:

was appointed as the new prime minister. In 1936, the

21081: 14861: 14859: 14598:

Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs

14299:

Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde

13975:

Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics

11690:"Egyptian reconnaissance satellite launched by Soyuz" 10581: 10520: 10518: 10191:. Egypt State Information Service. 13 February 2011. 9809:. Business Today Egypt. 10 March 2005. Archived from 9419:

Soldiers, Spies and Statesmen: Egypt's Road to Revolt

8806:

Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs

8264:, Vol. 3 (Ramat Gan, 2002), pp. 11–20), Avi Hurvitz ( 7816:. Capmas.Gov – Arab Republic of Egypt. Archived from 6957:(a mixture of rice, lentils, and macaroni) to be the 5233:. Egypt's population was estimated at 3 million when 3607:

Sinai peninsula hosts the highest mountain in Egypt,

2238:

had by then been translated into Egyptian. After the

2226:'s reign (284–305 CE) marked the transition from the 1408: 1094:

intermittently until 1967. In 1978, Egypt signed the

16253:

profiles of people and institutions provided by the

14992:"Shahat: Baha'is threaten Egypt's national security" 14348: 12879:"U.N. Expresses Alarm Over Egyptian Death Sentences" 12768:"Egypt Baha'is win court fight over identity papers" 12734:"Egypt, International Religious Freedom Report 2008" 11401:"El-Sisi wins Egypt's presidential race with 96.91%" 11318: 11029: 10820:"El-Sisi wins Egypt's presidential race with 96.91%" 8376:. For transcription, the word being written Mu-s,ur 7321:

estimated the percentage of Christians at 10 to 15%.

7208: 6348:

which is also based on many Ancient Egyptian words.

5625:

form roughly 12% of the population. There is also a

5135:

On 26 August 2014 a proposal was made for opening a

4138:

have also improved considerably. In 2014, Egypt and

3670:, where the south end of the Suez Canal is located; 3148:

In 1970, President Nasser died and was succeeded by

1577: 1437: 1368: 1307: 1295: 1285: 62: 19035: 10373:"Rallies for, against Egypt president's new powers" 9835:. Weeklystandard.com. 27 March 2006. Archived from 9559:

by Tarek Osman, Yale University Press, 2010, p. 120

9198:"Treaty of Lausanne – World War I Document Archive" 8341: 4193:. Egypt's ceasefire and truce brokering efforts in 3769:the relative humidity can drop to 5% or even less. 2268:

mosque in Cairo, recognised as the oldest in Africa

2249: 2186:to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. 1019:in the 13th century. Egypt then became part of the 15879:Popular Egyptian Cinema: Gender, Class, and Nation 14856: 13655:"Egypt Over the Brink, interview with Tarek Osman" 12266:"Turkey and Egypt's Great Game in the Middle East" 10515: 8835:. Cairo: American University in Cairo, 1997. p. 39 8709: 7384:. Egypt State Information Service. 30 March 2011. 5309:Arab tribes living in the eastern deserts and the 4106:fight against regional and international terrorism 1545:, which means black land, likely referring to the 22604:OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37 14304: 13533: 13377:"To save Egypt's economy, get the army out of it" 12681:. Pew Global Attitudes Project. 2 December 2010. 12519:. Nchregypt.org. 16 February 2010. Archived from 12213: 12108: 12020: 11197:"Islamist claims victory in Egypt president vote" 10399:"Egypt's President Mursi assumes sweeping powers" 8524:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 76, 40. 8518:Breasted, James Henry; Peter A. Piccione (2001). 8262:These Are the Names: Studies in Jewish Onomastics 7346:"Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014" 5517:. It forms a separate branch among the family of 4744:Egyptian army has expanded its economic influence 4220:also made both countries bitter regional rivals. 3978: 3483:On 4 July 2013, 68-year-old Chief Justice of the 3030:. The union was short-lived, ending in 1961 when 2682: 2469:in 1517, after which it became a province of the 1937:BCE, reaching a peak during the reign of Pharaoh 1462:. Also mentioned in several Semitic languages as 507:1,010,408 km (390,121 sq mi) ( 23508:Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean 23439: 16104:"Egypt – 1952 Olympic Games; Tournament for Men" 14828:"The Sufis' Choice: Egypt's Political Wild Card" 14642:Col. (ret.) Jacques Neriah (23 September 2012). 13830:. Voice of America. 29 July 2015. Archived from 13682:"Egypt tourism numbers to fall less than feared" 13272: 12391:"Egyptian constitution 'approved' in referendum" 12296: 12111:"Saudi King Offers Support to Egyptian Military" 11776: 9159:. London, 1982, George Allen & Unwin. p. 11. 8716:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 8201: 8199: 7640:"Hosni Mubarak's legacy is Abdel Fattah el-Sisi" 7437: 7435: 7433: 6587:was the first Arabic-language writer to win the 5348:Some 5 million immigrants live in Egypt, mostly 4123:, the two countries were looking to improve the 3764:especially at the height of the summertime. The 3634:, the modern Egyptian capital and largest city; 3512:Under El-Sisi Egypt is said to have returned to 2842:'s government. On the night of 4 February 1942, 2311:In 639 an army were sent in Egypt by the second 2026:. The first historically attested expression of 995:back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a 20778:Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement 15929: 15830:"Cairo International Film Festival information" 15103: 15101: 15099: 15097: 15095: 15093: 14675:"Egypt: Attack On Shia Comes At Dangerous Time" 13653:Lauren E. Bohn; Sarah Lynch (8 February 2011). 12850: 12848: 12679:"Muslim Publics Divided on Hamas and Hezbollah" 12597:. Ipsnews.net. 17 December 2009. Archived from 12264:Cagaptay, Soner; Sievers, Marc (8 March 2015). 11963: 11637: 11489: 10764:"Egypt constitution 'approved by 98.1 percent'" 9953:Egypt: Overview of human rights issues in Egypt 9454: 8928: 7741: 7199:2018–2020 CAVB Beach Volleyball Continental Cup 5617:The majority of Egyptian Muslims adhere to the 3827:National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans 2113:in 343 BCE after the last native Pharaoh, King 2078:. Cambyses II then assumed the formal title of 1871:that ruled Egypt for the next three millennia. 1829:series are generally regarded as precursors to 1732: 22787:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 20804:Center for Human Rights and Cultural Diversity 15447:. Ipsnews.net. 29 October 2009. Archived from 14756:"Cairo: Welcome to the city of 1,000 minarets" 14726: 13948:, Shaden Abdel-Gawad. Retrieved 30 April 2012. 13266: 13134: 12939:"Egyptian court sentences nearly 530 to death" 11894:Adler, Stephen; Mably, Richard (15 May 2014). 11810:Holland, Steve; Mason, Jeff (15 August 2013). 10790:"Egypt's new constitution gets 98% 'yes' vote" 10704:"Egyptian court sentences 529 people to death" 10100:"Mubarak Steps Down, Ceding Power to Military" 9644: 9642: 9241: 8878:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 8394: 6793:dancers performing in Wekalet El Ghoury, Cairo 6606:Vernacular poetry is perhaps the most popular 6549:, the first Arabic-language writer to win the 5142: 4235:Organisation internationale de la francophonie 4157:. The Arab League briefly moved from Egypt to 3820:National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 3380:: protests in Tahrir Square against President 2785:unilateral declaration of Egypt's independence 2435:Early modern period: Ottoman Egypt (1517–1867) 2431:killed about 40% of the country's population. 2330:The Arabs founded the capital of Egypt called 1214:per capita. Egypt is a founding member of the 27:Country in Northeast Africa and Southwest Asia 23294:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique 22771: 22094: 21482: 21289: 21067: 20684: 20261: 19758: 19187: 19021: 18715: 18371: 17981: 16354: 16172:Egypt Information and Decision Support Center 15469: 14825: 14788:"Egypt - Arabic, Coptic, Nubian | Britannica" 14239: 14237: 14235: 14233: 14231: 13713:"Egypt tourism shows little recovery in 2012" 13621: 12876: 12796: 12077: 11687: 11607:"Succession Gives Army a Stiff Test in Egypt" 11483: 11194: 10332:"Mohamed Morsi sworn in as Egypt's president" 9860:"Hosni Mubarak's pretend democratic election" 9651:"Succession Gives Army a Stiff Test in Egypt" 8860: 8858: 8856: 8796: 8794: 8495:. University of Bristol School of Chemistry. 8196: 8132: 7846: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7838: 7672:Modern Egypt: The Formation of a Nation-State 7578:"Egypt: A Move to Enhance Authoritarian Rule" 7441: 7430: 7136:holds the record for best performance at the 6797:Today, Egypt is often considered the home of 6610:among Egyptians, represented by the works of 6557:Egyptian literature traces its beginnings to 4919:An offshore platform in the Darfeel Gas Field 2571:transformed its agriculture into a cash-crop 2276:invasion early in the 7th century amidst the 2125:. The Macedonian Greek general of Alexander, 1499:The ancient Egyptian name of the country was 1250:The English name "Egypt" is derived from the 22624: 20794:Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation 19573:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 15988:"BBC Sport Academy | Al-Ahly v Zamalek" 15530:The Literature and Religion of Ancient Egypt 15181:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 15132: 15130: 15128: 15090: 14990:al-Shahat, Abdel Moneim (18 February 2012). 14967:. 1 March 2000. pp. 6–7. Archived from 14865: 14753: 14729:"What is Salafism and should we be worried?" 14672: 14411:. US Department of State. 10 November 2010. 14220:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 13828:"Egypt Says Work Finished on New Suez Canal" 13585: 13583: 13170:. Thomson Reuters Foundation. Archived from 12845: 12738:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor 11925:Baker, Peter; Walsh, Declan (3 April 2017). 11840: 10154: 9807:"Mubarak throws presidential race wide open" 9568: 7852:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" 7539: 5471:, and more recently, African languages like 4716:have altered the time-honoured place of the 4312:The Penal code was unique as it contains a " 4232: 2136: 1383: 1301: 1126:-aligned Islamist government spearheaded by 843: 117: 47: 23335:Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie 22579: 21305:Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN-SAD) 18341:Disputed between South Sudan and the Sudan. 15805:"The golden age of Egyptian cinema - Focus" 15114:. Chatham House. March 2012. Archived from 14899:Sufism, Mystics, and Saints in Modern Egypt 14322: 12761: 12759: 12244: 11033:Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture 10550: 10462:"Egypt Sees Largest Clash Since Revolution" 10097: 9639: 9281: 9279: 9277: 9235: 9130: 9092: 9033:. Cambridge University Press. p. 217. 9028: 8935:. Cambridge University Press. p. 115. 8683:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 8590:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 8327:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 7668: 7502: 7201:in both the women's and the men's section. 6603:who also writes about women and tradition. 6492:designed by ancient architect and engineer 6450:The "weighing of the heart" scene from the 4850:is one of Egypt's main tourist attractions. 4536: 2284:, until 639–42, when Egypt was invaded and 1424:name for it. The term originally connoted " 1275: 1202:having a diversified economy, which is the 23518:States and territories established in 1922 23289:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie 22778: 22764: 22592:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam 22101: 22087: 21489: 21475: 21296: 21282: 21074: 21060: 20691: 20677: 20298: 20268: 20254: 19765: 19751: 19194: 19180: 19028: 19014: 18722: 18708: 18378: 18364: 17988: 17974: 16361: 16347: 15580: 15178:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 14936:Who are the Christians in the Middle East? 14228: 13506: 11924: 11843:"Business as usual for Egypt and the West" 11644:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 11281:"The Micheli Guide to Fungal Conservation" 10098:Kirkpatrick, David D. (11 February 2010). 9620: 9461:. Cambridge University Press. p. 95. 8864: 8853: 8791: 8561:. The British Museum. 2005. Archived from 8238:The ending of the Hebrew form is either a 7835: 7675:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. p. 5. 5217:Egypt's population density (people per km) 3760:is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. 3272:62 people, mostly tourists, were massacred 3196:, but it was supported by most Egyptians. 2775:on 8 March 1919, the country arose in its 1392:and modern official name of Egypt, while " 1340:" (Aigýptios) had originally evolved as a 1027:established modern Egypt as an autonomous 157: 20651:Union of Arab National Olympic Committees 18319:Entirely claimed by both Morocco and the 16334:World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Egypt 16232:web resources provided by GovPubs at the 15142:(2010 ed.). OECD. 2010. p. 60. 15125: 14989: 14384:"How many Christians are there in Egypt?" 14254:, Brookings Institution (4 October 2016). 14198:Simona., Talani, Leila (1 January 2010). 14148:Tsourapas, Gerasimos (10 November 2015). 14147: 14092:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 14082: 13963: 13580: 12329:"Incorporating Sharia into legal systems" 11605:Cambanis, Thanassis (11 September 2010). 11581: 11579: 11570:Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century 10490: 9649:Cambanis, Thanassis (11 September 2010). 9575:. Princeton University Press. p. 2. 9499:International Federation for Human Rights 9355:Doctoral Dissertation, Harvard University 9168:De facto protectorate: Joan Wucher King, 8559:"The Nile Valley 6000–4000 BCE Neolithic" 8126: 8004: 7408:"How many Christians are there in Egypt?" 5505:was spoken, the latest stage of which is 4521:Some critics of the government have been 3200:by an Islamic extremist in October 1981. 3099:Egypt under Sadat and Mubarak (1971–2011) 2936:History of Egypt under Gamal Abdel Nasser 2926:Republican Egypt under Nasser (1952–1970) 1891:of a unified Egypt set the stage for the 1720:Learn how and when to remove this message 699: 20698: 18344:Part of Chad, formerly claimed by Libya. 18329:Portuguese archipelago claimed by Spain. 16273:) is being considered for deletion. See 16234:University of Colorado Boulder Libraries 16130:"Continental Cup Finals start in Africa" 15759:"Cairo: the Hollywood of the Arab World" 15251:World Intellectual Property Organization 14706:. Oxford University Press. p. 297. 14354: 14287: 13956: 13954: 13679: 13449:"Egypt: Reforms Trigger Economic Growth" 13279:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 121. 12765: 12756: 11604: 11341: 9648: 9274: 9155:Anglo French motivation: Derek Hopwood, 9000: 8768: 8746:Egypt after the Pharaohs 332 BC – AD 642 8335: 8296: 7877:"الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء" 7637: 7606: 7545: 7160:several other international competitions 7039:three times. Two goals from star player 6980: 6937: 6846: 6844:least 60 museums may be found in Egypt. 6830: 6785: 6715: 6667: 6656: 6541: 6445: 6438:and faith in science to bring progress. 6316: 5807: 5748: 5737: 5606: 5534: 5253:at over 1,200 people per km, similar to 5212: 5152: 5048: 4980: 4914: 4833: 4800: 4772: 4687: 4554: 4467: 4365: 4267: 3992: 3846: 3801: 3779:The potential rise in sea levels due to 3726: 3579: 3541: 3474: 3227: 3202: 3124: 3112: 3005: 2954: 2742: 2711: 2696: 2646: 2607:(in September 1848), then by a grandson 2523: 2515: 2444: 2383: 2344: 2259: 2190:became the capital city and a centre of 2150: 2090:), leaving Egypt under the control of a 2048: 1839: 1746: 982:14th-most populated country in the world 558: 539: 23299:Agence universitaire de la Francophonie 21498:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 20840:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 15938:. American Public Media. Archived from 15715: 15629: 15627: 15496: 14896: 14381: 14197: 14157:Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 13736: 13734: 13680:Dziadosz, Alexander (20 October 2009). 13562:"Egypt ranks 114th on corruption scale" 12478: 12476: 12474: 12472: 12470: 12468: 12141:Saudi King Abdullah visits Egypt's Sisi 11567: 11518:"Democracy Index 2023: Age of conflict" 11137: 10916: 10766:. Al Jazeera English. 18 January 2014. 10427: 10273: 9382: 9172:. Metuchen, NJ; 1984; Scarecrow. p. 17. 9024: 9022: 9003:Nasser of the Arabs: an Arab assessment 8844: 7638:Al-Arian, Abdullah (27 February 2020). 7340: 7338: 6863:which has more than 120,000 items, the 6351:The work of early 19th century scholar 5612:St. Mark Coptic Cathedral in Alexandria 4798:2013, Egypt was ranked 114 out of 177. 4501: 4376:Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life 4248:Secretary-General of the United Nations 3592:scattered about. Winds create prolific 3550:Egypt lies primarily between latitudes 3458:December 2012 constitutional referendum 2967:Naguib was forced to resign in 1954 by 2509:who had ruled Egypt for centuries, and 14: 23440: 15875: 15756: 15556:"Global influence of Egyptian culture" 14924:, The New York Times, 24 November 2017 14768:from the original on 25 September 2015 14567: 14507:"Mapping The Global Muslim Population" 14332:. Pew Research Center. December 2012. 13908: 13746:U.S. Energy Information Administration 13710: 11779:"Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations" 11576: 10864:"Egypt's War against the Gaza Tunnels" 10491:Fleishman, Jeffrey (6 December 2012). 10375:. Associated Press. 23 November 2012. 9955:. Human Rights Watch. 5 January 2006. 9943: 9941: 9743:. Harvard University Press. p. . 9416: 9345: 8743: 8616:"The Fall of the Egyptian Old Kingdom" 8410:Muḥammad Jamāl al-Dīn Mukhtār (1990). 7919:from the original on 21 September 2021 7291: 6985:A crowd at Cairo Stadium watching the 6639:are highly influential throughout the 5479:are the main languages of immigrants. 4955:Egypt is currently building its first 4748:National Service Products Organization 4307:2011 Provisional Constitution of Egypt 4197:have hardly been challenged following 3267:with a population of over 20 million. 3210:— president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011 3192:and led to Egypt's expulsion from the 3026:formed a sovereign union known as the 3010:Smoke rises from oil tanks beside the 2989:dominating the history of modern Egypt 1627:"land of the riverbank". The names of 1482:, meaning "border" or "frontier". The 1402: 956:in the northeast separates Egypt from 883: 22759: 22082: 21470: 21277: 21055: 20672: 20249: 19746: 19175: 19009: 18703: 18359: 18332:Disputed between Egypt and the Sudan. 17969: 17956: 17387: 17198: 17021: 16862: 16381: 16342: 16084:from the original on 13 November 2012 16028:from the original on 11 December 2014 15932:"Marketplace: Egypt's next big thing" 15697:from the original on 27 December 2010 15511: 15425:from the original on 13 November 2013 15347:from the original on 5 September 2015 15265:from the original on 25 November 2023 15002:from the original on 20 February 2012 14901:. University of South Carolina Press. 14654:from the original on 9 September 2013 14359:. Pew Research Center. 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In the 1571:. This name is commonly vocalised as 1377: 1116:protracted period of political unrest 874: 23473:Developing 8 Countries member states 20585:Arab League–European Union relations 18510:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 18338:located between Egypt and the Sudan. 18326:Spanish exclaves claimed by Morocco. 17957: 17937: 16058:from the original on 6 December 2017 15865:(in Arabic). مطابع الأهرام التجارية. 15624: 15537:from the original on 20 October 2007 15399:from the original on 2 December 2016 15203:from the original on 22 October 2023 15174: 15156:from the original on 25 January 2014 15109:"Education in Egypt: Key Challenges" 14382:Hackett, Conrad (16 February 2011). 14336:from the original on 17 January 2018 14275:from the original on 1 December 2017 14083:Tsourapas, Gerasimos (2 July 2016). 14064:from the original on 17 January 2013 13981:from the original on 17 January 2013 13731: 13568:from the original on 7 December 2013 13459:from the original on 4 February 2011 13440: 13395:from the original on 24 January 2024 13299: 13276:Europe's Mediterranean Neighbourhood 12919:from the original on 12 January 2017 12497:from the original on 18 January 2014 12465: 12453:from the original on 31 January 2013 12427:from the original on 17 January 2013 12371:from the original on 19 October 2018 12309:from the original on 31 October 2012 12297:Soussi, Alasdair (9 November 2008). 12226:from the original on 13 October 2014 12214:Hanna, Michael W. 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United States Department of State 7650:from the original on 19 October 2020 7484:from the original on 29 October 2020 7335: 7273: 6859:The three main museums in Egypt are 5578:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria 5515:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria 5149:Water supply and sanitation in Egypt 4309:, adopted following the revolution. 3925:and was adopted on 18 January 2014. 3642:, the site of the Pyramid of Khufu; 3464:with autocratic excesses of Morsi's 3323:2011 Egyptian parliamentary election 3129:Celebrating the signing of the 1978 3109:History of Egypt under Hosni Mubarak 2987:as president in June 1956 and began 2981:Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreement 2623:Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty 2396:, the sixth caliph, as renovated by 1852:and the only one still in existence. 1672: 1409: 125:"My country, my country, my country" 23513:Member states of the United Nations 22110:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 17927: 16110:from the original on 11 August 2012 15858: 15840:from the original on 5 January 2020 15757:Dajani, Karen Finlon (1 May 1980). 15730: 15671:from the original on 16 August 2006 15526: 15478:from the original on 29 August 2008 14648:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 14549:from the original on 31 August 2005 14441:from the original on 9 October 2021 14001:"The limits of a Green Revolution?" 13657:. 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Moshe Dayan Center. p. 265. 11875:from the original on 4 October 2014 11176:from the original on 27 August 2010 11138:Samenow, Jason (13 December 2013). 10342:from the original on 20 August 2023 9979:"Egypt torture centre, report says" 9938: 9740:Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam 9297:from the original on 9 October 2021 8680:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt 8587:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt 8499:from the original on 5 October 2008 7967: 7619:from the original on 9 January 2021 7546:Cambanis, Thanassis (22 May 2015). 7418:from the original on 2 October 2019 7249: 7106:African Men's Handball Championship 5837:The total number of Egyptians with 5631:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 5341:clans mostly in the Nile Delta and 4491:should not be accepted by society. 3885:2014 Egyptian presidential election 3408:Supreme Council of the Armed Forces 3343:2014 Egyptian presidential election 3331:2012 Egyptian presidential election 3070:This prompted the beginning of the 2858:and the King was forced to appoint 2082:, but ruled Egypt from his home of 2053:The Weighing of the Heart from the 1384: 1302: 1232:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 1208:38th-largest economy by nominal GDP 1173:is found. The large regions of the 1042:and gained independence in 1922 as 866: 844: 118: 48: 24: 23488:Member states of the African Union 21913:Commonwealth of Independent States 18347:Disputed between Morocco and Spain 15645:from the original on 21 April 2009 15499:Egyptology: The Missing Millennium 15470:Raymon Kondos (15 February 2004). 14911:Walsh, Declan, and Youssef, Nour, 13917:from the original on 6 August 2015 13890:from the original on 6 August 2015 13711:Farouk, Dalia (27 December 2012). 13634:from the original on 23 April 2013 13446: 12744:from the original on 16 April 2016 12711:from the original on 30 April 2011 12339:from the original on 25 April 2013 12121:from the original on 11 April 2015 11964:Naumkin, Vitaly (13 August 2014). 11849:from the original on 1 August 2015 11784:. 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The completion of the 4223:Egypt is a founding member of the 3816:Convention on Biological Diversity 3402:then assumed the power to govern. 3105:History of Egypt under Anwar Sadat 2286:conquered by the Islamic caliphate 1280:". It is reflected in early Greek 572:106.67/km (276.3/sq mi) ( 25: 23564: 22536:Economic Cooperation Organization 21083:Nations in the Group of 15 (G-15) 18730:Countries and territories of the 17308:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces 16277:to help reach a consensus. › 16154: 16078:"1950 World Championship for Men" 15693:. 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Egyptian women writers include 6340:and Judaism; and a new language, 5851:List of cities and towns in Egypt 5844: 3772:Prior to the construction of the 3462:after a wave of public discontent 2278:Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 1015:in the tenth century, and of the 23493:Member states of the Arab League 23384: 23383: 22885:Democratic Republic of the Congo 22012: 21999: 21986: 21973: 21960: 21947: 21918: 21884: 21871: 21858: 21845: 21832: 21819: 21806: 21793: 21780: 21767: 21754: 21741: 21728: 21715: 21691: 21667: 21654: 21641: 21628: 21615: 21602: 21589: 21576: 21563: 21550: 20372: 20297: 20288: 20287: 20227: 20216: 20215: 20042: 19724: 19713: 19712: 19520:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 19497: 19278:Democratic Republic of the Congo 19153: 19140: 19127: 19114: 19101: 19088: 19075: 19062: 19049: 18535: 18112:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 18105: 18079: 18066: 18053: 18040: 18027: 18014: 17936: 17926: 17916: 17907: 17906: 17165:Refugees of the Syrian civil war 16368: 16298: 16288: 16178:Egypt State Information Services 16122: 16096: 16070: 16040: 16010: 15998:from the original on 11 May 2011 15980: 15968:from the original on 9 July 2015 15954: 15930:Nancy Farghalli (25 July 2006). 15923: 15896: 15869: 15852: 15822: 15797: 15750: 15724: 15709: 15683: 15657: 15599: 15574: 15548: 15520: 15505: 15501:. 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Ahram Online. 30 August 2015. 11329:from the original on 18 May 2024 11312: 11299: 11273: 11241: 11215: 11188: 11162: 11131: 11105: 11092: 11062: 11023: 10991: 10973:"World Factbook area rank order" 10965: 10947: 10929: 10917:Mehmood, Ashna (31 March 2021). 10910: 10892: 10874: 10856: 10838: 10812: 10800:from the original on 18 May 2024 10782: 10756: 10726: 10696: 10666: 10636: 10606: 10594:from the original on 18 May 2024 10575: 10563:from the original on 4 July 2013 10544: 10484: 10454: 10421: 10391: 10365: 10354: 10324: 10312:from the original on 12 May 2013 10298: 10267: 10236: 10210: 10181: 10148: 10122: 10091: 9757:from the original on 18 May 2024 9535:from the original on 10 May 2022 9262:from the original on 18 May 2024 8345:A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian 8274:The Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 7986:from the original on 25 May 2023 7723:from the original on 4 June 2019 7304: 7211: 6945:, one of Egypt's national dishes 6359:and exposed Egyptian society to 5981: 5971: 5928: 5918: 5867:Largest cities or towns in Egypt 5813:Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 5284: 5087:miles) from the half-way point. 4487:, 95% of Egyptians believe that 4039: 4028: 3921:, which was later published for 3810:is the national animal of Egypt. 3362: 3351: 3182:historic visit to Israel in 1977 2547:After the French were expelled, 2520:Egypt under Muhammad Ali dynasty 2513:in the service of the Ottomans. 2250:Middle Ages (7th century – 1517) 2098:, from 525 to 402 BCE, save for 1677: 1487: 1478:"mi-iṣ-ru" ("miṣru") related to 1413:) is the local pronunciation in 1023:in 1517, before its local ruler 724: 723: 698: 676: 675: 657: 656: 624: 623: 605: 604: 557: 538: 131: 91: 77: 22746:As the "Turkish Cypriot State". 20275: 18858:States with limited recognition 18385: 17649:Identification card controversy 16018:"Al-Ahly – master of the world" 14700:Mohammad Hassan Khalil (2013). 14034:. Foodfirst.org. Archived from 13300:Shan, Lee Ying (5 April 2023). 12945:. 24 March 2014. Archived from 12862:. 24 March 2014. Archived from 12359:"Egypt Gender Equality Profile" 12169:Maddy-Weitzmann, Bruce (1997). 11688:Stephen Clark (16 April 2014). 11619:from the original on 3 May 2011 11556:The Origins of Arab Nationalism 11172:. Irinnews.org. 12 March 2008. 11050:from the original on 9 May 2013 10528:. Al-Monitor. 28 January 2013. 10061: 10031: 10001: 9971: 9912: 9882: 9851: 9825: 9799: 9790: 9769: 9727: 9707: 9694: 9673: 9614: 9601: 9562: 9517: 9487: 9448: 9439: 9410: 9376: 9339: 9309: 9220: 9190: 9175: 9162: 9149: 9124: 9111: 9086: 9047: 9001:Izzeddin, Nejla M. Abu (1981). 8961: 8922: 8896: 8838: 8833:Coptic Egypt: History and Guide 8825: 8762: 8737: 8701: 8670: 8642:"The Kushite Conquest of Egypt" 8634: 8608: 8577: 8551: 8548:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 8538: 8511: 8485: 8455: 8442: 8413:Ancient Civilizations of Africa 8403: 8388: 8368:As in inscriptions such as the 8362: 8290: 8232: 8163: 8094: 8064: 8045: 8013: 8009:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 7998: 7973: 7905: 7869: 7803: 7777: 7762:from the original on 9 May 2013 7735: 7705: 7631: 7600: 7454:from the original on 4 May 2018 7268:dialects and minority languages 7258:is the sole official language. 7227:Index of Egypt-related articles 7028:Egyptian national football team 6893:The ancient spring festival of 6720:Ancient Egyptians playing music 5794:in 2023, up from 92nd in 2019. 5790:. Egypt was ranked 86th in the 5555:sixth largest Muslim population 5540:Madrasa-Mosque of Sultan Hassan 5198: 4957:nuclear power plant in El Dabaa 4337: 3876:The next parliamentary election 3791: 3063:to Israeli shipping. On 26 May 2178:state, extending from southern 2117:, was defeated in battle. This 2096:Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt 1961:and relocated the capital from 1451:) is directly cognate with the 23325:International Francophonie Day 22516:Moro National Liberation Front 20157:British Indian Ocean Territory 16555:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt 14826:Kristin Deasy (October 2012). 14314:. 21 July 2011. Archived from 12449:. Fox News. 28 November 2012. 9724:. Retrieved 27 September 2007. 9445:Shlaim, Rogan, 2012 pp. 7, 106 9248:. Cambridge University Press. 9170:Historical Dictionary of Egypt 8769:Stanwick, Paul Edmond (2003). 7717:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs 7466: 7134:Egypt national basketball team 5437:Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic 5035:fleet includes 80 aeroplanes. 4514: 4289:International Court of Justice 4239:, since 1983. Former Egyptian 4121:President of the United States 3979:Military and foreign relations 3874:, which were later dissolved. 3872:November 2011 and January 2012 3709:On 13 March 2015, plans for a 3435:, who was affiliated with the 2689:Sultanate of Egypt (1914–1922) 2683:Sultanate and Kingdom of Egypt 2563:the Mamluks and established a 2159:and her son by Julius Caesar, 1856:A unified kingdom was founded 1400:Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: 1141:Egypt's current government, a 881:Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: 13: 1: 23528:1922 establishments in Africa 20580:Arab League monitors in Syria 17996:Countries and territories of 16863: 16322:University of Texas at Austin 16262: 15763:Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands) 15421:. State Information Service. 14866:Hassan Ammar (14 June 2013). 14673:Tim Marshall (25 June 2013). 14355:Analysis (19 December 2011). 14169:10.1080/1369183X.2015.1049940 14104:10.1080/13530194.2015.1102708 13774:. AMEinfo.com. Archived from 13536:"Etisalat Wins Third License" 13484:. Irinnews.org. 5 July 2006. 13203:, Zeit Online, 29 August 2015 10740:. 4 July 2014. Archived from 9346:Orkaby, Asher Aviad. (2014). 8932:The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 8209:Civilizations and World Order 7328: 7299:Daylight saving time in Egypt 7164:the first Mediterranean Games 6731:since antiquity. The ancient 6579:was published in 1913 in the 6531: 6379:, who themselves studied the 6344:, and its spoken descendant, 5674:Christian population in Egypt 5582: 5237:invaded the country in 1798. 5090:The canal is 193.30 km ( 5038: 4999:, which is now the country's 4731:reached nearly 40% in March. 4472:Prominent Egyptian dissident 4279:The legal system is based on 4272:The High Court of Justice in 4231:. It is also a member of the 3954:The Economist Democracy Index 3836: 3711:proposed new capital of Egypt 3219:dominate the Egyptian history 2915:Revolutionary Command Council 2864:Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 2119:Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt 2111:fell to the Achaemenids again 1976: 1931: 1896: 1857: 372: 23523:1922 establishments in Egypt 17182:Twin towns and sister cities 17022: 16694:Assassination of Anwar Sadat 15914:Kelsey Museum of Archaeology 15073:"Egypt: youth literacy rate" 15048:"Egypt - Literacy rate 2022" 14897:Hoffman, Valerie J. (1995). 14269:Egyptian Government Services 13622:Saifur Rahman (April 2013). 12653:"USCIRF Watch List – USCIRF" 12150:". Al-Jazeera. 20 June 2014. 12084:International Business Times 11968:. Al-Monitor. Archived from 9777:"Evaluating Egyptian REfoRm" 9495:"The Emergency Law in Egypt" 8493:"A Brief History of Alchemy" 8348:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 8111:". In: W. Raunig/St. Wenig. 8054:International Studies Review 7669:Goldschmidt, Arthur (1988). 6987:Egypt national football team 6881: 6686:, financed by industrialist 6488:Well-known examples are the 5727: 5596:, Islam became the official 5563:Middle East and North Africa 5559:largest Christian population 5404: 4962: 4943:Egypt produced 691,000 4796:Corruption Perceptions Index 4758:. In its annual report, the 4426:August 2013 sit-in dispersal 4283:and civil law (particularly 4187:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 3950:democratic country in Africa 3531: 3427:first parliamentary election 2911:Prince Muhammad Abdel Moneim 2693:Kingdom of Egypt (1922–1953) 2611:(in November 1848), then by 1994:, and included parts of the 1902:BCE, which constructed many 1733:Prehistory and Ancient Egypt 1702:Knowledge's inclusion policy 1659:) "northland", respectively. 1653: 1639: 1621: 1612: 1578: 1561: 1540: 1446: 1394: 1355: 1347: 1286: 1256: 64:Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah 7: 23533:1922 establishments in Asia 23081:French Community of Belgium 20621:Economic and Social Council 17710:Vehicle registration plates 17388: 17364:Water supply and sanitation 17199: 16382: 16303:Geographic data related to 16215:Central Intelligence Agency 15882:. Oxford University Press. 15691:"Freedom House 2007 report" 15369:. WHO. 2011. Archived from 14939:. Betty Jane Bailey. 2009. 14572:. Oxford University Press. 14202:. Tauris Academic Studies. 13886:. BBC News. 6 August 2015. 13453:International Monetary Fund 13153:. 4 June 2013. 4 June 2013. 12204:". CNN News. 1 August 2014. 11966:"Russia, Egypt draw closer" 11841:Iqbal, Jawad (7 May 2015). 11526:Economist Intelligence Unit 8708:Jones, Prudence J. (2006). 7204: 7013:African Club of the Century 6735:credited one of their gods 5686:Evangelical Church of Egypt 5524: 5395:Jewish communities in Egypt 5143:Water supply and sanitation 5009:Cairo International Airport 4760:International Monetary Fund 4509:ranked Egypt in their 2017 4125:Egyptian-American relations 4083:provides Egypt with annual 4021:launched on 16 April 2014. 3622:, the second largest city; 3327:Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014) 2932:History of republican Egypt 2903:Egyptian Revolution of 1952 2834:, pressed Farouk to have a 2465:Egypt was conquered by the 2457:, 21 July 1798, painted by 2369:, who decided to reside at 2030:came during this period as 1438: 1369: 1308: 1296: 870: 63: 10: 23569: 20161:British Overseas Territory 19774:Countries and dependencies 18097:Partially recognized state 17369:Water resources management 16184:Egyptian Tourist Authority 15862:موجز تاريخ السينما المصرية 15775:10.1177/001654928002600202 15737:guides.library.cornell.edu 14632:retrieved 4 September 2013 14570:The Arab Conquest of Egypt 14568:Butler, Alfred J. (1978). 11871:. BBC. 13 September 2014. 7158:since 1912 and has hosted 6931: 6927: 6824: 6820: 6709: 6650: 6629: 6535: 6458: 6306: 6302: 5970: 5917: 5858: 5848: 5801: 5731: 5528: 5459:and others. Additionally, 5408: 5389:Sudanese refugees in Egypt 5202: 5146: 5069:without navigation around 5042: 4976:Egyptian National Railways 4966: 4908: 4827: 4823: 4712:in 1970 and the resultant 4681: 4677: 4540: 4531:COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt 4496:Thomson Reuters Foundation 4354:August 2013 Rabaa massacre 4350:Sudanese refugees in Egypt 4347: 4341: 4261: 3989:Foreign relations of Egypt 3982: 3948:Egypt is the eighth least 3840: 3795: 3720: 3716: 3535: 3316: 3102: 3090:. During the 1967 war, an 3018:on Egypt, 5 November 1956. 2929: 2901:, launched a coup d'état ( 2799:drafted and implemented a 2686: 2438: 2253: 2140: 1889:first two ruling dynasties 1825:culture and the successor 1736: 1666: 1662: 1605: 1596: 1588: 1553:plains, distinct from the 1501: 1335: 1262: 1143:semi-presidential republic 1050:, Egypt declared itself a 898:northeast corner of Africa 264:semi-presidential republic 29: 23379: 23358: 23307: 23281: 23261: 23135: 23099: 23074:National/regional members 23073: 22802: 22793: 22742: 22689: 22617: 22572: 22524: 22504: 22464: 22457: 22441: 22143: 22134: 22117: 22028: 21939: 21900: 21707: 21683: 21540: 21504: 21311: 21175: 21089: 21042: 20997: 20936: 20848: 20832: 20786: 20770: 20763: 20706: 20641: 20598: 20567: 20547: 20511: 20388: 20381: 20370: 20311: 20283: 20201: 20174: 20143: 20127: 20106: 20093: 20051: 20040: 19784: 19708: 19688: 19657: 19636: 19615: 19594: 19583: 19567: 19551: 19538: 19506: 19495: 19213: 19203:Countries and territories 19044: 18925: 18879: 18856: 18738: 18649: 18609: 18544: 18533: 18393: 18316: 18299: 18277: 18250: 18218: 18195: 18147: 18129: 18120: 18095: 18004: 17963: 17902: 17728: 17400: 17396: 17383: 17264:Impact on the environment 17254:Entrepreneurship policies 17207: 17194: 17030: 17017: 16871: 16858: 16826: 16728: 16394: 16390: 16377: 16180:(Arabic, English, French) 15716:Darwish, Mustafa (1998). 15635:"Country profiles: Egypt" 15581:Vatikiotis, P.J. (1991). 15139:Higher education in Egypt 14848:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 14816:(I.B.Tauris, 2014), p. 2. 14437:. CIA. 4 September 2008. 13273:Pierre Beckouche (2017). 12299:"Desperate on the Border" 12058:27 September 2015 at the 12053:China's Egypt Opportunity 11465:Freedom in the World 2024 10975:. Cia.gov. Archived from 10220:. BBC. 13 February 2011. 10132:. BBC. 11 February 2010. 9894:Christian Science Monitor 9720:24 September 2013 at the 9621:Vatikiotis, P.J. (1991). 9245:A History of Modern Sudan 8775:University of Texas Press 8662:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 8618:. BBC. 17 February 2011. 8276:, Vol. 8 (2008), article 7096:, and hosted it again in 7049:2001 FIFA youth world cup 7011:. They are known as the " 6976: 6781: 6646: 6589:Nobel Prize in Literature 6326:Project for Public Spaces 5828:World Health Organization 5797: 5623:Nondenominational Muslims 4904: 4736:United States foreign aid 4511:World Press Freedom Index 4507:Reporters Without Borders 4431:Egypt actively practices 4163:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 4056:with former US President 3618:Towns and cities include 3468:government, the military 3423:constitutional referendum 3339:2013 Egyptian coup d'état 3305:), described Egypt as a " 3257:National Democratic Party 3186:Egypt-Israel peace treaty 3178:1977 Egyptian Bread Riots 3156:, Sadat switched Egypt's 2635:(1867–1914) in 1867. The 2220:Saint Mark the Evangelist 2137:Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt 1943:second period of disunity 1925:First Intermediate Period 829: 817: 805: 795: 776: 758: 743: 713: 688: 669: 650: 636: 617: 598: 580: 566: 551: 532: 525: 515: 501: 494: 490: 477: 469:• Republic declared 467: 454: 436: 422: 405: 392: 379: 361: 357: 352: 337: 322: 312: 308: 293: 278: 274: 256: 244: 231: 219: 209: 165: 156: 124: 107: 73: 41: 22870:Central African Republic 22587:Abuja Declaration (1989) 22481:Central African Republic 22046:SCO Interbank Consortium 21331:Central African Republic 19263:Central African Republic 19036:Countries bordering the 17035:Administrative divisions 16711:2011 Egyptian revolution 16652:1952 Egyptian revolution 16448:Lighthouse of Alexandria 16294:Wikimedia Atlas of Egypt 16275:templates for discussion 16244:28 November 2018 at the 16166:Egypt Information Portal 15497:El-Daly, Okasha (2005). 15337:"Egypt Health Insurance" 15313:. SESRIC. Archived from 15287:. SESRIC. Archived from 15175:WIPO (30 October 2023). 14919:26 November 2017 at the 14628:26 December 2016 at the 14409:"Background Note: Egypt" 12985:25 February 2017 at the 12965:5 September 2017 at the 11490:V-Dem Institute (2023). 9455:Samir A. Mutawi (2002). 8929:Donald Quataert (2005). 8845:El-Daly, Okasha (2005). 8544:Midant-Reynes, Béatrix. 8521:Ancient Records of Egypt 8399:. Routledge. p. 18. 8005:Midant-Reynes, Béatrix. 7748:. Routledge. p. 1. 7742:Pierre Crabitès (1935). 7713:"Background Note: Egypt" 7242: 7232:Outline of ancient Egypt 7172:2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup 7023:, both having eighteen. 6827:List of museums in Egypt 6705: 6625: 5604:the main source of law. 5385:Syrian refugees in Egypt 4985:The Cairo Metro (line 2) 4537:Administrative divisions 4525:for allegedly spreading 4419:identification documents 4203:Hamas government in Gaza 3928:In 2024, as part of its 3902:government of President 3864:House of Representatives 3319:2011 Egyptian revolution 3184:, which led to the 1979 2889:On 22–23 July 1952, the 2256:Egypt in the Middle Ages 2246:was firmly established. 2198:The last ruler from the 1567:), or "red land" of the 1390:Classical Quranic Arabic 1245: 1122:of a brief, short-lived 1108:2011 Egyptian revolution 908:. It is bordered by the 906:southwest corner of Asia 894:transcontinental country 347:House of Representatives 23453:North African countries 23330:Jeux de la Francophonie 20119:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 17239:Egyptian stock exchange 16318:Perry–Castañeda Library 15908:13 October 2015 at the 15859:سعد, عبدالمنعم (1976). 13146:3 November 2013 at the 12483:BBC (18 January 2014). 12200:16 October 2014 at the 12146:7 February 2015 at the 12115:The Wall Street Journal 11568:Dawisha, Adeed (2003). 9949:"Egypt: Events of 2005" 9864:San Francisco Chronicle 9321:modernegypt.bibalex.org 9117:Nejla M. Abu Izzeddin, 8870:"The Mideast Heartland" 8744:Bowman, Alan K (1996). 8712:Cleopatra: A Sourcebook 8677:Shaw, Ian, ed. (2003). 8584:Shaw, Ian, ed. (2003). 8395:Rosalie, David (1997). 8283:17 October 2014 at the 7974:Map, Egypt's Projects. 7811:"Total area km2, pg.15" 7505:The Journal of Politics 6869:6th of October Panorama 6441: 5792:Global Innovation Index 5722:are denied this ability 4161:in 1978 to protest the 3946:V-Dem Democracy indices 3571:transcontinental nation 3404:Mohamed Hussein Tantawi 3174:Fourth Arab-Israeli War 3014:hit during the initial 2997:Second Arab-Israeli War 2777:first modern revolution 2706:Edward, Prince of Wales 2668:Battle of Tell El Kebir 2627:autonomous vassal state 2531:was the founder of the 2319:, under the command of 2056:Book of the Dead of Ani 1290:", and from there into 1064:several armed conflicts 661:$ 347.594 billion ( 553:• 2017 census 210:Official languages 23320:UN French Language Day 23153:Bosnia and Herzegovina 22476:Bosnia and Herzegovina 22346:Pakistan-OIC relations 20177:Special administrative 20153:(Sovereign Base Areas) 18758:Bosnia and Herzegovina 18505:North Syria Federation 17570:International rankings 16575:Egyptian–Ethiopian War 15918:University of Michigan 15903:Music of Ancient Egypt 15876:Shafik, Viola (2007). 15514:Egypt, A Short History 14030:admin (8 April 2000). 13935:As per the 2006 census 13688:Africa. Archived from 13509:"et — Full Story" 13199:30 August 2015 at the 9704:, Scribner, 2002, p. 4 9458:Jordan in the 1967 War 9417:Kandil, Hazem (2012). 9229:Egypt, A Short History 9184:Egypt, A Short History 9054:Fahmy, Khaled (1997). 8904:"Egypt – Major Cities" 8416:. Currey. p. 43. 8297:Izre&#39, Shlomo. 8133:Åke Engsheden (2018), 7270:are spoken regionally. 7102:national handball team 7032:African Cup of Nations 6989: 6946: 6856: 6840: 6805:has two main styles – 6794: 6739:with the invention of 6721: 6676: 6665: 6620:Abdel Rahman el-Abnudi 6577:Muhammad Husayn Haykal 6554: 6485:and monumental tombs. 6456: 6404:Muhammad Loutfi Goumah 6329: 5815: 5760:began to charge fees. 5756: 5743: 5682:Coptic Catholic Church 5614: 5542: 5218: 5158: 5057: 4986: 4920: 4851: 4809: 4781: 4693: 4674: 4477: 4463:terrorist organisation 4371: 4276: 4257: 4233: 4095:of Islamist president 4073:in Sochi, August 2014. 4069:and Russian President 4060:at Camp David in 2002. 3998: 3952:. The 2023 edition of 3906:, on 3 July 2013 then- 3859: 3811: 3808:Eastern Imperial Eagle 3786:environmental refugees 3736: 3585: 3547: 3480: 3335:2013 Egyptian protests 3253:Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya 3240: 3211: 3198:Sadat was assassinated 3145: 3122: 3072:Third Arab Israeli War 3019: 2964: 2946:Free Officers Movement 2891:Free Officers Movement 2852:First Arab-Israeli War 2752: 2721: 2716:British infantry near 2709: 2659: 2653:battle of Tel el-Kebir 2544: 2521: 2462: 2455:Battle of the Pyramids 2449:Napoleon defeated the 2411:. With the end of the 2400: 2357: 2269: 2244:Egyptian Coptic Church 2242:in CE 451, a distinct 2167: 2059: 1853: 1755: 1486:used the derived term 1276: 1114:, the country faced a 1005:centre of Christianity 997:cradle of civilisation 890:Arab Republic of Egypt 609:$ 1.899 trillion ( 363:• Unification of 113:Bilady, Bilady, Bilady 43:Arab Republic of Egypt 32:Egypt (disambiguation) 23478:Eastern Mediterranean 23030:São Tomé and Príncipe 22890:Republic of the Congo 21426:São Tomé and Príncipe 21030:Sirimavo Bandaranaike 20575:Arab Peace Initiative 20355:Joint Defence Council 20151:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 19424:São Tomé and Príncipe 19283:Republic of the Congo 18890:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 18883:and other territories 17175:Terrorism and tourism 16633:1948 Arab–Israeli War 16465:Library of Alexandria 16106:. FIBA. 9 June 2012. 16080:. FIBA. 9 June 2012. 15611:www.chinadaily.com.cn 14357:"Global Christianity" 14060:. Countrystudies.us. 13357:Egypt Country Profile 12834:25 March 2017 at the 12740:. 19 September 2008. 11998:. 17 September 2014. 11113:"Marsa Matruh, Egypt" 10308:. CNN. 25 June 2012. 9687:. Simon Ingram p. 8, 9569:Jesse Ferris (2013). 9389:Nasser, the Last Arab 8906:. Countrystudies.us. 8467:www.perseus.tufts.edu 7197:that competed at the 7168:1991 All-Africa Games 7126:Summer Youth Olympics 6984: 6941: 6876:Grand Egyptian Museum 6850: 6834: 6789: 6719: 6671: 6660: 6595:, well known for her 6545: 6461:Architecture of Egypt 6449: 6320: 5811: 5752: 5741: 5619:Sunni branch of Islam 5610: 5538: 5519:Afroasiatic languages 5251:physiological density 5216: 5205:Demographics of Egypt 5171:improved water source 5156: 5052: 4984: 4918: 4837: 4804: 4776: 4742:In recent years, the 4691: 4562:Governorates of Egypt 4558: 4547:Subdivisions of Egypt 4543:Governorates of Egypt 4471: 4369: 4344:Human rights in Egypt 4271: 4244:Boutros Boutros-Ghali 4241:Deputy Prime Minister 4108:. However, following 3996: 3985:Egyptian Armed Forces 3883:pushed the date. The 3850: 3814:Egypt signed the Rio 3805: 3735:in Egypt's north west 3730: 3611:at 2,642 metres. The 3583: 3545: 3478: 3295:Amnesty International 3270:On 17 November 1997, 3231: 3206: 3128: 3116: 3088:1948 Arab–Israeli War 3048:North Yemen Civil War 3009: 2958: 2817:Anglo-Egyptian Treaty 2791:assumed the title of 2779:. The revolt led the 2746: 2715: 2700: 2650: 2583:(1833), and parts of 2527: 2519: 2448: 2394:Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 2387: 2348: 2263: 2154: 2062:In 525 BCE, the 2052: 1848:is the oldest of the 1843: 1835:Egyptian hieroglyphic 1819:Upper and Lower Egypt 1813:By about 6000 BCE, a 1806:and more centralised 1786:. Climate changes or 1758:There is evidence of 1750: 1629:Upper and Lower Egypt 1460:Upper and Lower Egypt 1375:Arabic pronunciation: 1300:", back formed into " 1136:mass protests in 2013 1130:, and its subsequent 1034:The country was then 970:largest city of Egypt 517:• Water (%) 119:"بلادي، بلادي، بلادي" 23458:West Asian countries 23127:United Arab Emirates 22598:OIC Resolution 10/11 22551:Non-Aligned Movement 22428:United Arab Emirates 22051:Eurasian Land Bridge 21892:United Arab Emirates 20700:Non-Aligned Movement 20498:United Arab Emirates 20019:United Arab Emirates 18522:United Arab Emirates 17886:World Heritage Sites 17705:Units of measurement 17160:Proposed new capital 16906:Environmental issues 16667:United Arab Republic 16560:Muhammad Ali dynasty 16024:. 11 December 2014. 15121:on 24 December 2012. 14965:L'Osservatore Romano 14812:Indira Falk Gesink, 14058:"Egypt – Population" 12866:on 11 November 2014. 12397:. 23 December 2012. 12245:Shama, Nael (2013). 11199:. Associated Press. 10405:. 22 November 2012. 10075:. 11 February 2011. 9870:on 15 September 2005 9784:Carnegie P a P e R S 9131:Baten, Jörg (2016). 9093:Baten, Jörg (2016). 9029:Baten, Jörg (2016). 8975:. 22 November 2006. 8866:Abu-Lughod, Janet L. 8382:13 June 2020 at the 8172:"Il-Belt (Valletta)" 8107:9 April 2024 at the 7719:. 10 November 2010. 7478:english.ahram.org.eg 7414:. 16 February 2011. 7156:Summer Olympic Games 7152:Egypt has taken part 7146:African Championship 7138:Basketball World Cup 6995:is the most popular 6764:Mohammed Abdel Wahab 6583:. Egyptian novelist 6500:, and the temple of 6400:Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed 6355:renewed interest in 5772:, the leaving exam. 5663:November 2017 attack 4866:still in existence. 4502:Freedom of the press 4358:Persecution of Copts 4328:secular constitution 4225:Non-Aligned Movement 4182:diplomatic relations 4167:United Arab Emirates 4136:Relations with China 4101:Obama administration 4067:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 3960:Egyptian nationalism 3930:Freedom in the World 3911:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 3889:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 3852:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 3449:constituent assembly 3390:On 25 January 2011, 3384:on 27 November 2012. 3160:allegiance from the 3028:United Arab Republic 3016:Anglo-French assault 2971: – a 2769:Legislative Assembly 2533:Muhammad Ali dynasty 2511:Albanian mercenaries 2240:Council of Chalcedon 2222:in the 1st century. 2155:The Ptolemaic Queen 1617:). Another name was 1480:miṣru/miṣirru/miṣaru 1312:"), whence English " 1220:Non-Aligned Movement 1212:127th by nominal GDP 1147:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 1118:; this included the 1060:United Arab Republic 986:third-most populated 778:• Summer ( 534:• 2024 estimate 481:Current constitution 426:Muhammad Ali dynasty 288:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 30:For other uses, see 23538:Countries in Africa 23420: / 23366:Francophone economy 22677:Arab–Islamic (2023) 22126:Hissein Brahim Taha 20054:States with limited 19680:Plazas de soberanía 19584:African territories 19524:unclear sovereignty 19509:States with limited 18336:Unclaimed territory 17558:Freedom of religion 17453:Mass sexual assault 16818:Timekeeping devices 16716:2013 Rabaa massacre 16689:Egyptian–Libyan War 15836:. 1 December 2005. 15641:. 15 January 2013. 15562:on 24 November 2007 15187:10.34667/tind.46596 14604:on 20 December 2011 14495:on 21 October 2009. 14467:on 12 December 2012 14388:Pew Research Center 14363:on 26 December 2018 14301:, 39 (1901), p. 87. 14250:6 July 2017 at the 13564:. 3 December 2013. 13383:. 26 January 2023. 13362:1 June 2013 at the 13116:The Washington Post 13100:. 20 December 2021. 13040:. 17 January 2020. 12840:The New York Times. 12778:on 15 February 2008 12421:"Legislation Egypt" 12335:. 8 February 2008. 12253:. pp. 129–131. 12216:"The Sisi Doctrine" 11752:The Washington Post 11692:. Spaceflight Now. 11529:. 2024. p. 3. 11492:"The V-Dem Dataset" 11144:The Washington Post 11115:. Weatherbase.com. 11100:Rainfall over Egypt 10961:. 14 December 2020. 10796:. 18 January 2014. 10708:The Washington Post 10678:The Washington Post 10468:. 6 December 2012. 10466:Wall Street Journal 10435:The Daily Telegraph 10162:The Daily Telegraph 9119:Nasser of the Arabs 8812:on 20 December 2011 8565:on 14 February 2009 8212:, Lexington Books, 8100:Breyer, Fr. A. K. " 7976:"محافظة الأسكندرية" 7613:The Washington Post 7412:Pew Research Center 7110:Mediterranean Games 7045:2018 FIFA World Cup 6861:The Egyptian Museum 6581:Egyptian vernacular 6538:Egyptian literature 6510:Ramses Wissa Wassef 6202:El Mahalla El Kubra 5782:is Egypt's premier 5651:Al-Azhar University 5419:of the Republic is 4901:are popular sites. 4838:Tourists riding an 4787:standards of living 4485:Pew Research Center 4363:the Emergency Law. 4296:Ministry of Justice 4264:Egyptian Civil Code 4250:from 1991 to 1996. 4093:July 2013 overthrow 4089:major non-NATO ally 4085:military assistance 4052:: Former President 3636:El Mahalla El Kubra 3392:widespread protests 3022:In 1958, Egypt and 2959:Egyptian President 2840:Hussein Sirri Pasha 2803:in 1923 based on a 2655:in 1882 during the 2644:debt even further. 2407:as the seat of the 2306:Coptic Christianity 2123:Alexander the Great 1984:international power 1906:, most notably the 1869:series of dynasties 1768:10th millennium BCE 1549:black soils of the 1484:Neo-Assyrian Empire 1198:worldwide. It is a 1151:human rights record 1106:, which led to the 978:Mediterranean coast 968:is the capital and 190: / 49:جمهورية مصر العربية 23371:Senghor University 23168:Dominican Republic 20984:Gamal Abdel Nasser 20858:Bandung Conference 20818:News Agencies Pool 19588:non-African states 18629:Metropolitan areas 18237:Wadi Halfa Salient 18187:Vélez de la Gomera 17748:Art (contemporary) 17428:Capital punishment 17318:Telecommunications 16995:Towns and villages 16963:Qattara Depression 16776:Muslim Brotherhood 16746:Cigarette industry 16606:British occupation 16517:Crusader invasions 16487:Rashidun Caliphate 16210:The World Factbook 16054:. 8 October 2017. 15667:. Tbsjournal.com. 15607:"Culture of Egypt" 15512:Jankowski, James. 14971:on 25 January 2014 14792:www.britannica.com 14519:on 10 October 2009 13971:"Population Clock" 13858:The New York Times 13748:. 14 August 2014. 13603:on 5 February 2011 13515:on 8 February 2009 13248:The Globe and Mail 13192:Gehlen, M. (2015) 13174:on 25 October 2017 13168:poll2017.trust.org 12883:The New York Times 12633:on 6 February 2011 12601:on 12 January 2012 12523:on 17 January 2013 12068:. 24 December 2014 11931:The New York Times 11675:The Jerusalem Post 11612:The New York Times 11305:A.M. Abdel-Azeem, 10979:on 9 February 2014 10870:. 4 February 2018. 10557:The New York Times 10104:The New York Times 9926:on 21 October 2011 9655:The New York Times 9557:Egypt on the Brink 9394:St. Martin's Press 9291:The World Factbook 9227:Jankowski, James. 9182:Jankowski, James. 7582:Human Rights Watch 7285:Christian minority 6990: 6947: 6857: 6841: 6795: 6722: 6677: 6666: 6555: 6518:Coptic iconography 6457: 6357:Egyptian antiquity 6330: 5832:genital mutilation 5816: 5757: 5744: 5734:Education in Egypt 5688:and various other 5615: 5543: 5411:Languages of Egypt 5219: 5159: 5058: 4987: 4969:Transport in Egypt 4921: 4852: 4810: 4782: 4694: 4675: 4478: 4474:Alaa Abd El-Fattah 4459:Muslim Brotherhood 4433:capital punishment 4372: 4332:freedom of thought 4277: 3999: 3969:Muslim Brotherhood 3900:Muslim Brotherhood 3870:were held between 3860: 3856:President of Egypt 3812: 3737: 3733:Qattara Depression 3600:desert and of the 3586: 3548: 3546:Egypt's topography 3538:Geography of Egypt 3481: 3479:Alexandria in 2017 3466:Muslim Brotherhood 3460:. On 3 July 2013, 3437:Muslim Brotherhood 3406:, chairman of the 3241: 3212: 3146: 3131:Camp David Accords 3123: 3082:, which Egypt had 3044:United Arab States 3020: 2969:Gamal Abdel Nasser 2965: 2961:Gamal Abdel Nasser 2899:Gamal Abdel Nasser 2809:1923–1924 election 2753: 2722: 2710: 2677:Denshawai incident 2660: 2657:Anglo-Egyptian War 2553:Muhammad Ali Pasha 2545: 2522: 2463: 2401: 2367:Abdallah ibn Tahir 2358: 2270: 2168: 2086:in Persia (modern 2060: 1959:Eighteenth Dynasty 1957:, who founded the 1854: 1778:was replaced by a 1756: 1645:) "sedgeland" and 1238:, and a member of 1200:developing country 1124:Muslim Brotherhood 1096:Camp David Accords 888:), officially the 646:2024 estimate 594:2024 estimate 23543:Countries in Asia 23463:Saharan countries 23403: 23402: 23397: 23396: 23277: 23276: 23262:Suspended members 23100:Associate members 22910:Equatorial Guinea 22753: 22752: 22685: 22684: 22613: 22612: 22568: 22567: 22564: 22563: 22076: 22075: 22056:Working languages 21708:Dialogue partners 21464: 21463: 21271: 21270: 21049: 21048: 21038: 21037: 21005:Houari Boumediene 20666: 20665: 20590:Foreign relations 20563: 20562: 20243: 20242: 20170: 20169: 19740: 19739: 19704: 19703: 19579: 19578: 19299:Equatorial Guinea 19169: 19168: 19003: 19002: 18732:Mediterranean Sea 18697: 18696: 18353: 18352: 18312: 18311: 17950: 17949: 17898: 17897: 17894: 17893: 17822:Football stadiums 17753:Botanical gardens 17632:Catholic dioceses 17524:Gender inequality 17448:Human trafficking 17379: 17378: 17313:Tallest buildings 17274:Military industry 17190: 17189: 17131:Political parties 17084:Islamic extremism 17072:Foreign relations 17013: 17012: 16854: 16853: 16850: 16849: 16594:French occupation 16512:Fatimid Caliphate 16507:Ikhshidid dynasty 16174:(Arabic, English) 16168:(Arabic, English) 15994:. 5 August 2002. 15889:978-977-416-053-0 15592:978-0-297-82034-5 15527:Edwards, Amelia, 15341:globalsurance.com 15149:978-92-64-08434-6 14996:Egypt Independent 14946:978-0-8028-1020-5 14731:. Theweek.co.uk. 14713:978-0-19-994541-2 14579:978-0-19-821678-0 14163:(13): 2192–2214. 14007:. 29 March 2007. 13977:. 27 April 2013. 13542:on 20 August 2006 13421:. 13 April 2023. 13334:. 11 April 2023. 13286:978-1-78643-149-3 12949:on 25 March 2014. 12915:. 24 March 2014. 12842:13 November 2013. 12809:on 21 August 2013 12180:978-0-8133-3411-0 11972:on 17 August 2014 11724:. 31 March 2015. 11586:Brown, Nathan J. 11467:. Freedom House. 11405:English.Ahram.org 11223:"List of Parties" 11076:. 13 March 2015. 11043:978-0-470-57647-2 10824:English.Ahram.org 10710:. 24 March 2014. 10680:. 28 April 2014. 10650:. 16 March 2014. 10497:Los Angeles Times 10336:www.aljazeera.com 10045:. 20 March 2007. 10015:. 13 April 2007. 9985:. 11 April 2007. 9839:on 7 January 2012 9750:978-0-674-01090-1 9632:978-0-297-82034-5 9582:978-0-691-15514-2 9468:978-0-521-52858-0 9432:978-1-84467-962-1 9403:978-0-312-28683-5 9392:. New York City: 9255:978-0-521-85820-5 9142:978-1-107-50718-0 9104:978-1-107-50718-0 9067:978-0-521-56007-8 9040:978-1-107-50718-0 9012:978-0-86199-012-2 8942:978-1-139-44591-7 8889:978-0-19-506774-3 8531:978-0-252-06975-8 8423:978-0-85255-092-2 8355:978-3-447-04264-2 8192:on 17 April 2016. 7948:. 13 March 2024. 7884:www.capmas.gov.eg 7787:. Capmas.gov.eg. 7755:978-0-415-81121-7 7682:978-0-86531-182-4 6920:(May), following 6768:Abdel Halim Hafez 6567:Arabic literature 6526:Cairo Opera House 6490:Pyramid of Djoser 6353:Rifa'a al-Tahtawi 6299: 6298: 5826:According to the 5784:public university 5706:Maronite Catholic 5678:Oriental Orthodox 5567:Coptic Christians 5531:Religion in Egypt 5417:official language 5223:African continent 5055:Suez Canal Bridge 4844:Pyramid of Khafre 4527:false information 4449:international law 4398:Coptic Christians 4155:Ahmed Aboul Gheit 3843:Politics of Egypt 3798:Wildlife of Egypt 3558:, and longitudes 3441:elected president 3400:Egyptian military 3398:at the news. The 3286:, the runner-up. 3265:metropolitan area 3237:metropolitan area 2963:in Mansoura, 1960 2409:Fatimid Caliphate 2379:Ikhshidid dynasty 2338:, second only to 2172:Ptolemaic Kingdom 2165:Temple of Dendera 2143:Ptolemaic Kingdom 2131:Ptolemaic dynasty 2107:Thirtieth Dynasty 2074:at the battle of 2064:Achaemenid Empire 1911:pyramid of Djoser 1887:and customs. The 1739:Prehistoric Egypt 1730: 1729: 1722: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1443:(Egyptian Arabic 1236:World Youth Forum 1204:largest in Africa 1159:official religion 1145:led by president 1110:and overthrow of 1100:recognised Israel 1013:Fatimid Caliphate 910:Mediterranean Sea 856: 855: 707:medium inequality 671:• Per capita 619:• Per capita 543:107,785,000 ( 238:Religion in Egypt 221:National language 194:30.033°N 31.217°E 148: 18:Republic of Egypt 16:(Redirected from 23560: 23435: 23434: 23432: 23431: 23430: 23425: 23421: 23418: 23417: 23416: 23413: 23387: 23386: 22800: 22799: 22780: 22773: 22766: 22757: 22756: 22622: 22621: 22577: 22576: 22462: 22461: 22141: 22140: 22103: 22096: 22089: 22080: 22079: 22018: 22016: 22015: 22005: 22003: 22002: 21992: 21990: 21989: 21979: 21977: 21976: 21966: 21964: 21963: 21953: 21951: 21950: 21924: 21922: 21921: 21890: 21888: 21887: 21877: 21875: 21874: 21864: 21862: 21861: 21851: 21849: 21848: 21838: 21836: 21835: 21825: 21823: 21822: 21812: 21810: 21809: 21799: 21797: 21796: 21786: 21784: 21783: 21773: 21771: 21770: 21760: 21758: 21757: 21747: 21745: 21744: 21734: 21732: 21731: 21721: 21719: 21718: 21697: 21695: 21694: 21673: 21671: 21670: 21660: 21658: 21657: 21647: 21645: 21644: 21634: 21632: 21631: 21621: 21619: 21618: 21608: 21606: 21605: 21595: 21593: 21592: 21582: 21580: 21579: 21569: 21567: 21566: 21556: 21554: 21553: 21491: 21484: 21477: 21468: 21467: 21298: 21291: 21284: 21275: 21274: 21076: 21069: 21062: 21053: 21052: 20964:Jawaharlal Nehru 20814:NAM News Network 20768: 20767: 20693: 20686: 20679: 20670: 20669: 20386: 20385: 20376: 20301: 20300: 20291: 20290: 20270: 20263: 20256: 20247: 20246: 20231: 20219: 20218: 20179:regions of China 20114:Christmas Island 20104: 20103: 20046: 19786:Sovereign states 19767: 19760: 19753: 19744: 19743: 19728: 19716: 19715: 19592: 19591: 19549: 19548: 19501: 19295:(partly in Asia) 19215:Sovereign states 19196: 19189: 19182: 19173: 19172: 19159: 19157: 19156: 19146: 19144: 19143: 19133: 19131: 19130: 19120: 19118: 19117: 19107: 19105: 19104: 19094: 19092: 19091: 19081: 19079: 19078: 19068: 19066: 19065: 19055: 19053: 19052: 19030: 19023: 19016: 19007: 19006: 18918: 18906: 18898: 18740:Sovereign states 18724: 18717: 18710: 18701: 18700: 18584:Modern conflicts 18539: 18380: 18373: 18366: 18357: 18356: 18232:Hala'ib Triangle 18127: 18126: 18110: 18109: 18085: 18083: 18082: 18072: 18070: 18069: 18059: 18057: 18056: 18046: 18044: 18043: 18033: 18031: 18030: 18020: 18018: 18017: 18006:Sovereign states 17990: 17983: 17976: 17967: 17966: 17958:Related articles 17954: 17953: 17940: 17939: 17930: 17929: 17920: 17910: 17909: 17715:Waste management 17480:Academic grading 17398: 17397: 17385: 17384: 17357:Railway stations 17335:Cultural tourism 17234:Economic regions 17196: 17195: 17019: 17018: 16860: 16859: 16529:Mamluk Sultanate 16460:Diocese of Egypt 16443:Battle of Actium 16392: 16391: 16379: 16378: 16363: 16356: 16349: 16340: 16339: 16320:Map Collection, 16302: 16301: 16292: 16291: 16148: 16147: 16145: 16143: 16126: 16120: 16119: 16117: 16115: 16100: 16094: 16093: 16091: 16089: 16074: 16068: 16067: 16065: 16063: 16044: 16038: 16037: 16035: 16033: 16022:Daily News Egypt 16014: 16008: 16007: 16005: 16003: 15984: 15978: 15977: 15975: 15973: 15958: 15952: 15951: 15949: 15947: 15927: 15921: 15900: 15894: 15893: 15873: 15867: 15866: 15856: 15850: 15849: 15847: 15845: 15826: 15820: 15819: 15817: 15815: 15801: 15795: 15794: 15754: 15748: 15747: 15745: 15743: 15728: 15722: 15721: 15713: 15707: 15706: 15704: 15702: 15687: 15681: 15680: 15678: 15676: 15661: 15655: 15654: 15652: 15650: 15631: 15622: 15621: 15619: 15617: 15603: 15597: 15596: 15578: 15572: 15571: 15569: 15567: 15552: 15546: 15545: 15544: 15542: 15524: 15518: 15517: 15509: 15503: 15502: 15494: 15488: 15487: 15485: 15483: 15467: 15461: 15460: 15458: 15456: 15451:on 27 April 2011 15441: 15435: 15434: 15432: 15430: 15415: 15409: 15408: 15406: 15404: 15395:. Ahram Online. 15389: 15383: 15382: 15380: 15378: 15373:on 23 April 2011 15363: 15357: 15356: 15354: 15352: 15333: 15327: 15326: 15324: 15322: 15307: 15301: 15300: 15298: 15296: 15281: 15275: 15274: 15272: 15270: 15264: 15247: 15239: 15233: 15232: 15226: 15222: 15220: 15212: 15210: 15208: 15172: 15166: 15165: 15163: 15161: 15134: 15123: 15122: 15120: 15113: 15105: 15088: 15087: 15085: 15083: 15069: 15063: 15062: 15060: 15058: 15044: 15038: 15037: 15035: 15033: 15018: 15012: 15011: 15009: 15007: 14987: 14981: 14980: 14978: 14976: 14957: 14951: 14950: 14931: 14925: 14909: 14903: 14902: 14894: 14888: 14887: 14885: 14883: 14863: 14854: 14853: 14847: 14839: 14837: 14835: 14823: 14817: 14810: 14804: 14803: 14801: 14799: 14784: 14778: 14777: 14775: 14773: 14751: 14745: 14744: 14742: 14740: 14724: 14718: 14717: 14697: 14691: 14690: 14688: 14686: 14670: 14664: 14663: 14661: 14659: 14639: 14633: 14620: 14614: 14613: 14611: 14609: 14600:. Archived from 14590: 14584: 14583: 14565: 14559: 14558: 14556: 14554: 14535: 14529: 14528: 14526: 14524: 14518: 14511: 14503: 14497: 14496: 14483: 14477: 14476: 14474: 14472: 14457: 14451: 14450: 14448: 14446: 14431: 14425: 14424: 14422: 14420: 14405: 14399: 14398: 14396: 14394: 14379: 14373: 14372: 14370: 14368: 14352: 14346: 14345: 14343: 14341: 14326: 14320: 14319: 14318:on 21 July 2011. 14308: 14302: 14291: 14285: 14284: 14282: 14280: 14261: 14255: 14243:Omer Karasapan, 14241: 14226: 14225: 14219: 14211: 14195: 14189: 14188: 14154: 14145: 14139: 14138: 14136: 14134: 14128: 14122:. 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Ahram Online. 13708: 13702: 13701: 13699: 13697: 13677: 13671: 13670: 13668: 13666: 13650: 13644: 13643: 13641: 13639: 13619: 13613: 13612: 13610: 13608: 13602: 13595: 13587: 13578: 13577: 13575: 13573: 13558: 13552: 13551: 13549: 13547: 13531: 13525: 13524: 13522: 13520: 13507:Rania Al Malky. 13504: 13498: 13497: 13495: 13493: 13478: 13472: 13471: 13466: 13464: 13444: 13438: 13437: 13435: 13433: 13411: 13405: 13404: 13402: 13400: 13373: 13367: 13354: 13348: 13347: 13345: 13343: 13328: 13322: 13321: 13319: 13317: 13297: 13291: 13290: 13270: 13264: 13263: 13261: 13259: 13250:. 3 April 2020. 13240: 13234: 13233: 13231: 13229: 13220:. 3 April 2020. 13210: 13204: 13190: 13184: 13183: 13181: 13179: 13160: 13154: 13138: 13132: 13131: 13129: 13127: 13118:. 16 June 2016. 13108: 13102: 13101: 13090: 13084: 13083: 13081: 13079: 13060: 13054: 13053: 13051: 13049: 13030: 13024: 13023: 13021: 13019: 13000: 12994: 12993:. 24 March 2014. 12976: 12970: 12969:, economist.com. 12957: 12951: 12950: 12935: 12929: 12928: 12926: 12924: 12905: 12899: 12898: 12896: 12894: 12874: 12868: 12867: 12852: 12843: 12825: 12819: 12818: 12816: 12814: 12805:. Archived from 12803:Daily News Egypt 12794: 12788: 12787: 12785: 12783: 12774:. Archived from 12763: 12754: 12753: 12751: 12749: 12730: 12721: 12720: 12718: 12716: 12701: 12695: 12694: 12692: 12690: 12675: 12669: 12668: 12666: 12664: 12649: 12643: 12642: 12640: 12638: 12632: 12625: 12617: 12611: 12610: 12608: 12606: 12591: 12585: 12584: 12582: 12580: 12565: 12559: 12558: 12556: 12554: 12539: 12533: 12532: 12530: 12528: 12513: 12507: 12506: 12504: 12502: 12480: 12463: 12462: 12460: 12458: 12443: 12437: 12436: 12434: 12432: 12417: 12411: 12410: 12408: 12406: 12387: 12381: 12380: 12378: 12376: 12370: 12363: 12355: 12349: 12348: 12346: 12344: 12325: 12319: 12318: 12316: 12314: 12303:Jerusalem Report 12294: 12288: 12287: 12285: 12283: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12242: 12236: 12235: 12233: 12231: 12211: 12205: 12191: 12185: 12184: 12166: 12160: 12157: 12151: 12137: 12131: 12130: 12128: 12126: 12106: 12100: 12099: 12097: 12095: 12075: 12069: 12049: 12043: 12042: 12040: 12038: 12018: 12012: 12011: 12009: 12007: 11988: 11982: 11981: 11979: 11977: 11961: 11955: 11954: 11952: 11950: 11922: 11916: 11915: 11913: 11911: 11891: 11885: 11884: 11882: 11880: 11865: 11859: 11858: 11856: 11854: 11838: 11832: 11831: 11829: 11827: 11807: 11801: 11800: 11798: 11796: 11790: 11783: 11774: 11768: 11767: 11765: 11763: 11744: 11738: 11737: 11735: 11733: 11712: 11706: 11705: 11703: 11701: 11685: 11679: 11678: 11666: 11660: 11659: 11657: 11655: 11635: 11629: 11628: 11626: 11624: 11602: 11596: 11595: 11583: 11574: 11573: 11565: 11559: 11552: 11546: 11545: 11543: 11541: 11535: 11522: 11514: 11508: 11507: 11505: 11503: 11487: 11481: 11480: 11478: 11476: 11457: 11451: 11450: 11448: 11446: 11427: 11421: 11420: 11418: 11416: 11407:. Ahram Online. 11397: 11391: 11390: 11388: 11386: 11371: 11365: 11364: 11362: 11360: 11345: 11339: 11338: 11336: 11334: 11322:Grasses of Egypt 11316: 11310: 11303: 11297: 11296: 11294: 11292: 11277: 11271: 11270: 11268: 11266: 11260: 11253: 11245: 11239: 11238: 11236: 11234: 11219: 11213: 11212: 11210: 11208: 11192: 11186: 11185: 11183: 11181: 11166: 11160: 11159: 11157: 11155: 11135: 11129: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11109: 11103: 11096: 11090: 11089: 11087: 11085: 11066: 11060: 11059: 11057: 11055: 11027: 11021: 11020: 11018: 11016: 11010: 11003: 10995: 10989: 10988: 10986: 10984: 10969: 10963: 10962: 10951: 10945: 10944: 10943:. 23 April 2019. 10933: 10927: 10926: 10923:Modern Diplomacy 10914: 10908: 10907: 10896: 10890: 10889: 10878: 10872: 10871: 10860: 10854: 10853: 10842: 10836: 10835: 10833: 10831: 10816: 10810: 10809: 10807: 10805: 10786: 10780: 10779: 10777: 10775: 10760: 10754: 10753: 10751: 10749: 10730: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10719: 10700: 10694: 10693: 10691: 10689: 10670: 10664: 10663: 10661: 10659: 10640: 10634: 10633: 10631: 10629: 10610: 10604: 10603: 10601: 10599: 10579: 10573: 10572: 10570: 10568: 10548: 10542: 10541: 10539: 10537: 10522: 10513: 10512: 10510: 10508: 10488: 10482: 10481: 10479: 10477: 10458: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10447: 10425: 10419: 10418: 10416: 10414: 10395: 10389: 10388: 10386: 10384: 10369: 10363: 10362: 10358: 10352: 10351: 10349: 10347: 10328: 10322: 10321: 10319: 10317: 10302: 10296: 10295: 10293: 10291: 10271: 10265: 10264: 10262: 10260: 10240: 10234: 10233: 10231: 10229: 10214: 10208: 10207: 10202: 10200: 10185: 10179: 10178: 10176: 10174: 10152: 10146: 10145: 10143: 10141: 10126: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10115: 10095: 10089: 10088: 10086: 10084: 10065: 10059: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10035: 10029: 10028: 10026: 10024: 10005: 9999: 9998: 9996: 9994: 9975: 9969: 9968: 9966: 9964: 9945: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9931: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9886: 9880: 9879: 9877: 9875: 9866:. Archived from 9855: 9849: 9848: 9846: 9844: 9829: 9823: 9822: 9820: 9818: 9813:on 10 March 2005 9803: 9797: 9794: 9788: 9787: 9781: 9773: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9762: 9731: 9725: 9711: 9705: 9698: 9692: 9677: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9666: 9646: 9637: 9636: 9618: 9612: 9605: 9599: 9598: 9596: 9594: 9566: 9560: 9554: 9545: 9544: 9542: 9540: 9521: 9515: 9514: 9512: 9510: 9491: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9480: 9452: 9446: 9443: 9437: 9436: 9414: 9408: 9407: 9384:Aburish, Said K. 9380: 9374: 9373: 9371: 9369: 9363: 9352: 9343: 9337: 9336: 9334: 9332: 9313: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9302: 9283: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9267: 9239: 9233: 9232: 9224: 9218: 9217: 9215: 9213: 9194: 9188: 9187: 9179: 9173: 9166: 9160: 9153: 9147: 9146: 9128: 9122: 9115: 9109: 9108: 9090: 9084: 9083: 9081: 9079: 9051: 9045: 9044: 9026: 9017: 9016: 8998: 8989: 8988: 8986: 8984: 8965: 8959: 8958: 8956: 8954: 8926: 8920: 8919: 8917: 8915: 8900: 8894: 8893: 8862: 8851: 8850: 8842: 8836: 8829: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8817: 8808:. Archived from 8798: 8789: 8788: 8766: 8760: 8759: 8741: 8735: 8734: 8715: 8705: 8699: 8698: 8674: 8668: 8667: 8661: 8653: 8651: 8649: 8638: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8612: 8606: 8605: 8581: 8575: 8574: 8572: 8570: 8555: 8549: 8542: 8536: 8535: 8515: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8504: 8489: 8483: 8482: 8480: 8478: 8459: 8453: 8446: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8407: 8401: 8400: 8392: 8386: 8366: 8360: 8359: 8339: 8333: 8332: 8326: 8318: 8316: 8314: 8303:www.academia.edu 8294: 8288: 8236: 8230: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8203: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8176: 8167: 8161: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8130: 8124: 8098: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8068: 8062: 8061: 8049: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8017: 8011: 8010: 8002: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7991: 7971: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7954: 7943: 7935: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7909: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7892: 7881: 7873: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7862: 7848: 7833: 7832: 7830: 7828: 7823:on 21 March 2015 7822: 7815: 7807: 7801: 7800: 7798: 7796: 7781: 7775: 7774: 7769: 7767: 7745:Ibrahim of Egypt 7739: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7709: 7703: 7702: 7696: 7694: 7666: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7635: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7604: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7574: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7543: 7537: 7536: 7511:(3): 1014–1027. 7500: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7470: 7464: 7463: 7461: 7459: 7439: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7404: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7393: 7378: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7361: 7350: 7342: 7322: 7308: 7302: 7295: 7289: 7277: 7271: 7253: 7237:Outline of Egypt 7221: 7216: 7215: 7214: 7195:beach volleyball 7186:editions of the 7019:and Argentina's 6934:Egyptian cuisine 6904: 6729:Egyptian culture 6612:Ahmed Fouad Negm 6593:Nawal El Saadawi 6453:Book of the Dead 6430:. They forged a 6309:Culture of Egypt 6066:Shubra El Kheima 5988:Shubra El Kheima 5985: 5975: 5932: 5922: 5868: 5856: 5855: 5839:health insurance 5780:Cairo University 5754:Cairo University 5696:, who belong to 5587: 5584: 5553:and the world's 5425:spoken languages 5381:stateless people 5231:Green Revolution 5227:medical advances 5131: 5130: 5126: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5095: 5086: 5085: 5081: 5078: 4830:Tourism in Egypt 4794:in 2006. In the 4684:Economy of Egypt 4516: 4461:was labelled as 4285:Napoleonic codes 4238: 4043: 4032: 3938:political rights 3919:the constitution 3723:Climate of Egypt 3713:were announced. 3514:authoritarianism 3493:new constitution 3366: 3355: 3223:25 February 1986 3061:Straits of Tiran 2880:"Black Saturday" 2876:Fouad Serageddin 2860:Mostafa El-Nahas 2549:power was seized 2351:Ibn Tulun Mosque 2182:in the east, to 1981: 1980: 1550–1070 1978: 1936: 1933: 1901: 1900: 2700–2200 1898: 1873:Egyptian culture 1862: 1859: 1772:hunter-gatherers 1725: 1718: 1714: 1711: 1705: 1681: 1680: 1673: 1669:History of Egypt 1658: 1656: 1644: 1642: 1626: 1624: 1615: 1608: 1607: 1598: 1590: 1581: 1566: 1564: 1543: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1491: 1449: 1441: 1434:Classical Arabic 1412: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1372: 1362:Below the Aegean 1358: 1350: 1338: 1337: 1311: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1289: 1279: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1120:election in 2012 1046:. Following the 1017:Mamluk Sultanate 887: 882: 878: 873: 868: 849: 848: 791: 767: 734: 733: 727: 726: 720: 709: 708: 702: 701: 695: 679: 678: 660: 659: 643: 627: 626: 608: 607: 591: 561: 560: 542: 541: 450:28 February 1922 413:Mamluk Sultanate 374: 303:Mostafa Madbouly 205: 204: 202: 201: 200: 195: 191: 188: 187: 186: 183: 168:and largest city 161: 150: 149: 126: 121: 120: 95: 81: 67: 66: 59: 51: 50: 39: 38: 21: 23568: 23567: 23563: 23562: 23561: 23559: 23558: 23557: 23438: 23437: 23428: 23426: 23422: 23419: 23414: 23411: 23409: 23407: 23406: 23404: 23399: 23398: 23393: 23375: 23354: 23315:French language 23303: 23273: 23257: 23131: 23095: 23069: 22965:North Macedonia 22789: 22784: 22754: 22749: 22738: 22681: 22609: 22560: 22529: 22527: 22520: 22509: 22507: 22500: 22486:Northern Cyprus 22469: 22468:and territories 22467: 22453: 22437: 22130: 22113: 22107: 22077: 22072: 22024: 22013: 22011: 22000: 21998: 21987: 21985: 21974: 21972: 21961: 21959: 21948: 21946: 21935: 21919: 21917: 21896: 21885: 21883: 21872: 21870: 21859: 21857: 21846: 21844: 21833: 21831: 21820: 21818: 21807: 21805: 21794: 21792: 21781: 21779: 21768: 21766: 21755: 21753: 21742: 21740: 21729: 21727: 21716: 21714: 21703: 21692: 21690: 21684:Observer states 21679: 21668: 21666: 21655: 21653: 21642: 21640: 21629: 21627: 21616: 21614: 21603: 21601: 21590: 21588: 21577: 21575: 21564: 21562: 21551: 21549: 21536: 21500: 21495: 21465: 21460: 21307: 21302: 21272: 21267: 21171: 21085: 21080: 21050: 21045: 21034: 20993: 20944:Josip Broz Tito 20932: 20844: 20828: 20782: 20759: 20702: 20697: 20667: 20662: 20637: 20594: 20559: 20543: 20507: 20377: 20368: 20307: 20279: 20274: 20244: 20239: 20212: 20197: 20181: 20178: 20166: 20139: 20123: 20100: 20097: 20089: 20070:Northern Cyprus 20058: 20055: 20047: 20038: 19780: 19771: 19741: 19736: 19700: 19684: 19653: 19632: 19628:Pelagie Islands 19611: 19587: 19585: 19575: 19563: 19545: 19542: 19534: 19513: 19510: 19502: 19493: 19209: 19200: 19170: 19165: 19154: 19152: 19141: 19139: 19128: 19126: 19115: 19113: 19102: 19100: 19089: 19087: 19076: 19074: 19063: 19061: 19050: 19048: 19040: 19034: 19004: 18999: 18985:Sea of Sardinia 18921: 18916: 18904: 18892: 18875: 18866:Northern Cyprus 18852: 18734: 18728: 18698: 18693: 18645: 18605: 18540: 18531: 18456:Northern Cyprus 18428:Iraqi Kurdistan 18389: 18384: 18354: 18349: 18308: 18295: 18273: 18246: 18214: 18191: 18143: 18116: 18104: 18091: 18080: 18078: 18067: 18065: 18054: 18052: 18041: 18039: 18028: 18026: 18015: 18013: 18000: 17994: 17959: 17951: 17946: 17890: 17881:Public holidays 17871:National anthem 17724: 17637:Coptic Churches 17580:Egyptian Arabic 17490:Medical schools 17392: 17375: 17291:Nuclear program 17203: 17186: 17116:Nationality law 17109:Supreme Council 17094:Law enforcement 17026: 17009: 16985:Sinai Peninsula 16968:Red Sea Riviera 16867: 16846: 16822: 16724: 16611:1919 revolution 16599:Revolt of Cairo 16524:Ayyubid dynasty 16502:Tulunid dynasty 16386: 16373: 16367: 16299: 16289: 16278: 16246:Wayback Machine 16196:Country Profile 16157: 16152: 16151: 16141: 16139: 16128: 16127: 16123: 16113: 16111: 16102: 16101: 16097: 16087: 16085: 16076: 16075: 16071: 16061: 16059: 16046: 16045: 16041: 16031: 16029: 16016: 16015: 16011: 16001: 15999: 15986: 15985: 15981: 15971: 15969: 15964:. 10 May 2015. 15960: 15959: 15955: 15945: 15943: 15928: 15924: 15910:Wayback Machine 15901: 15897: 15890: 15874: 15870: 15857: 15853: 15843: 15841: 15828: 15827: 15823: 15813: 15811: 15803: 15802: 15798: 15755: 15751: 15741: 15739: 15729: 15725: 15714: 15710: 15700: 15698: 15689: 15688: 15684: 15674: 15672: 15663: 15662: 15658: 15648: 15646: 15633: 15632: 15625: 15615: 15613: 15605: 15604: 15600: 15593: 15579: 15575: 15565: 15563: 15554: 15553: 15549: 15540: 15538: 15525: 15521: 15510: 15506: 15495: 15491: 15481: 15479: 15468: 15464: 15454: 15452: 15443: 15442: 15438: 15428: 15426: 15417: 15416: 15412: 15402: 15400: 15391: 15390: 15386: 15376: 15374: 15365: 15364: 15360: 15350: 15348: 15335: 15334: 15330: 15320: 15318: 15317:on 22 June 2013 15309: 15308: 15304: 15294: 15292: 15291:on 22 June 2013 15283: 15282: 15278: 15268: 15266: 15262: 15245: 15241: 15240: 15236: 15224: 15223: 15214: 15213: 15206: 15204: 15197: 15173: 15169: 15159: 15157: 15150: 15136: 15135: 15126: 15118: 15111: 15107: 15106: 15091: 15081: 15079: 15071: 15070: 15066: 15056: 15054: 15046: 15045: 15041: 15031: 15029: 15024:. 14 May 2010. 15020: 15019: 15015: 15005: 15003: 14988: 14984: 14974: 14972: 14959: 14958: 14954: 14947: 14933: 14932: 14928: 14921:Wayback Machine 14910: 14906: 14895: 14891: 14881: 14879: 14872:Huffington Post 14864: 14857: 14841: 14840: 14833: 14831: 14824: 14820: 14811: 14807: 14797: 14795: 14786: 14785: 14781: 14771: 14769: 14761:The Independent 14752: 14748: 14738: 14736: 14725: 14721: 14714: 14698: 14694: 14684: 14682: 14671: 14667: 14657: 14655: 14640: 14636: 14630:Wayback Machine 14621: 14617: 14607: 14605: 14592: 14591: 14587: 14580: 14566: 14562: 14552: 14550: 14537: 14536: 14532: 14522: 14520: 14516: 14509: 14505: 14504: 14500: 14485: 14484: 14480: 14470: 14468: 14459: 14458: 14454: 14444: 14442: 14433: 14432: 14428: 14418: 14416: 14407: 14406: 14402: 14392: 14390: 14380: 14376: 14366: 14364: 14353: 14349: 14339: 14337: 14328: 14327: 14323: 14310: 14309: 14305: 14292: 14288: 14278: 14276: 14263: 14262: 14258: 14252:Wayback Machine 14242: 14229: 14213: 14212: 14196: 14192: 14152: 14146: 14142: 14132: 14130: 14129:on 20 July 2018 14126: 14087: 14081: 14077: 14067: 14065: 14056: 14055: 14051: 14041: 14039: 14038:on 14 July 2009 14028: 14024: 14014: 14012: 13999: 13998: 13994: 13984: 13982: 13969: 13968: 13964: 13959: 13952: 13943: 13939: 13934: 13930: 13920: 13918: 13907: 13903: 13893: 13891: 13882: 13881: 13877: 13867: 13865: 13852: 13851: 13847: 13837: 13835: 13826: 13825: 13821: 13811: 13809: 13804:. 19 May 2016. 13796: 13795: 13791: 13781: 13779: 13770: 13769: 13765: 13755: 13753: 13740: 13739: 13732: 13722: 13720: 13709: 13705: 13695: 13693: 13692:on 10 June 2012 13678: 13674: 13664: 13662: 13651: 13647: 13637: 13635: 13620: 13616: 13606: 13604: 13600: 13593: 13589: 13588: 13581: 13571: 13569: 13560: 13559: 13555: 13545: 13543: 13532: 13528: 13518: 13516: 13505: 13501: 13491: 13489: 13480: 13479: 13475: 13462: 13460: 13447:Enders, Klaus. 13445: 13441: 13431: 13429: 13413: 13412: 13408: 13398: 13396: 13375: 13374: 13370: 13364:Wayback Machine 13355: 13351: 13341: 13339: 13330: 13329: 13325: 13315: 13313: 13298: 13294: 13287: 13271: 13267: 13257: 13255: 13242: 13241: 13237: 13227: 13225: 13212: 13211: 13207: 13201:Wayback Machine 13191: 13187: 13177: 13175: 13162: 13161: 13157: 13148:Wayback Machine 13139: 13135: 13125: 13123: 13110: 13109: 13105: 13092: 13091: 13087: 13077: 13075: 13070:. 24 May 2020. 13062: 13061: 13057: 13047: 13045: 13038:The Independent 13032: 13031: 13027: 13017: 13015: 13002: 13001: 12997: 12987:Wayback Machine 12977: 12973: 12967:Wayback Machine 12958: 12954: 12943:Washington Post 12937: 12936: 12932: 12922: 12920: 12907: 12906: 12902: 12892: 12890: 12875: 12871: 12854: 12853: 12846: 12836:Wayback Machine 12826: 12822: 12812: 12810: 12795: 12791: 12781: 12779: 12764: 12757: 12747: 12745: 12732: 12731: 12724: 12714: 12712: 12703: 12702: 12698: 12688: 12686: 12677: 12676: 12672: 12662: 12660: 12651: 12650: 12646: 12636: 12634: 12630: 12623: 12619: 12618: 12614: 12604: 12602: 12593: 12592: 12588: 12578: 12576: 12567: 12566: 12562: 12552: 12550: 12541: 12540: 12536: 12526: 12524: 12515: 12514: 12510: 12500: 12498: 12481: 12466: 12456: 12454: 12445: 12444: 12440: 12430: 12428: 12419: 12418: 12414: 12404: 12402: 12389: 12388: 12384: 12374: 12372: 12368: 12361: 12357: 12356: 12352: 12342: 12340: 12327: 12326: 12322: 12312: 12310: 12295: 12291: 12281: 12279: 12271:Foreign Affairs 12262: 12258: 12243: 12239: 12229: 12227: 12212: 12208: 12202:Wayback Machine 12192: 12188: 12181: 12167: 12163: 12158: 12154: 12148:Wayback Machine 12138: 12134: 12124: 12122: 12107: 12103: 12093: 12091: 12076: 12072: 12060:Wayback Machine 12050: 12046: 12036: 12034: 12019: 12015: 12005: 12003: 11990: 11989: 11985: 11975: 11973: 11962: 11958: 11948: 11946: 11923: 11919: 11909: 11907: 11892: 11888: 11878: 11876: 11867: 11866: 11862: 11852: 11850: 11839: 11835: 11825: 11823: 11808: 11804: 11794: 11792: 11788: 11781: 11775: 11771: 11761: 11759: 11754:. 9 July 2013. 11746: 11745: 11741: 11731: 11729: 11714: 11713: 11709: 11699: 11697: 11686: 11682: 11667: 11663: 11653: 11651: 11636: 11632: 11622: 11620: 11603: 11599: 11594:on 5 June 2012. 11584: 11577: 11566: 11562: 11553: 11549: 11539: 11537: 11533: 11520: 11516: 11515: 11511: 11501: 11499: 11488: 11484: 11474: 11472: 11459: 11458: 11454: 11444: 11442: 11429: 11428: 11424: 11414: 11412: 11399: 11398: 11394: 11384: 11382: 11373: 11372: 11368: 11358: 11356: 11347: 11346: 11342: 11332: 11330: 11317: 11313: 11304: 11300: 11290: 11288: 11279: 11278: 11274: 11264: 11262: 11258: 11251: 11247: 11246: 11242: 11232: 11230: 11221: 11220: 11216: 11206: 11204: 11193: 11189: 11179: 11177: 11168: 11167: 11163: 11153: 11151: 11136: 11132: 11122: 11120: 11111: 11110: 11106: 11097: 11093: 11083: 11081: 11068: 11067: 11063: 11053: 11051: 11044: 11028: 11024: 11014: 11012: 11008: 11001: 10997: 10996: 10992: 10982: 10980: 10971: 10970: 10966: 10953: 10952: 10948: 10935: 10934: 10930: 10915: 10911: 10898: 10897: 10893: 10888:. 2 April 2018. 10880: 10879: 10875: 10862: 10861: 10857: 10844: 10843: 10839: 10829: 10827: 10818: 10817: 10813: 10803: 10801: 10788: 10787: 10783: 10773: 10771: 10762: 10761: 10757: 10747: 10745: 10744:on 29 July 2014 10732: 10731: 10727: 10717: 10715: 10702: 10701: 10697: 10687: 10685: 10672: 10671: 10667: 10657: 10655: 10648:The Independent 10642: 10641: 10637: 10627: 10625: 10612: 10611: 10607: 10597: 10595: 10580: 10576: 10566: 10564: 10549: 10545: 10535: 10533: 10524: 10523: 10516: 10506: 10504: 10489: 10485: 10475: 10473: 10460: 10459: 10455: 10445: 10443: 10426: 10422: 10412: 10410: 10397: 10396: 10392: 10382: 10380: 10371: 10370: 10366: 10360: 10359: 10355: 10345: 10343: 10330: 10329: 10325: 10315: 10313: 10304: 10303: 10299: 10289: 10287: 10272: 10268: 10258: 10256: 10243:Harris, Marty. 10241: 10237: 10227: 10225: 10216: 10215: 10211: 10198: 10196: 10187: 10186: 10182: 10172: 10170: 10153: 10149: 10139: 10137: 10128: 10127: 10123: 10113: 10111: 10096: 10092: 10082: 10080: 10073:Huffington Post 10067: 10066: 10062: 10052: 10050: 10037: 10036: 10032: 10022: 10020: 10007: 10006: 10002: 9992: 9990: 9977: 9976: 9972: 9962: 9960: 9947: 9946: 9939: 9929: 9927: 9918: 9917: 9913: 9903: 9901: 9896:. 26 May 2005. 9888: 9887: 9883: 9873: 9871: 9856: 9852: 9842: 9840: 9831: 9830: 9826: 9816: 9814: 9805: 9804: 9800: 9795: 9791: 9779: 9775: 9774: 9770: 9760: 9758: 9751: 9732: 9728: 9722:Wayback Machine 9712: 9708: 9700:Murphy, Caryle 9699: 9695: 9678: 9674: 9664: 9662: 9647: 9640: 9633: 9619: 9615: 9606: 9602: 9592: 9590: 9583: 9567: 9563: 9555: 9548: 9538: 9536: 9523: 9522: 9518: 9508: 9506: 9493: 9492: 9488: 9478: 9476: 9469: 9453: 9449: 9444: 9440: 9433: 9415: 9411: 9404: 9396:. p. 252. 9381: 9377: 9367: 9365: 9361: 9350: 9344: 9340: 9330: 9328: 9315: 9314: 9310: 9300: 9298: 9285: 9284: 9275: 9265: 9263: 9256: 9240: 9236: 9225: 9221: 9211: 9209: 9202:wwi.lib.byu.edu 9196: 9195: 9191: 9180: 9176: 9167: 9163: 9154: 9150: 9143: 9129: 9125: 9116: 9112: 9105: 9091: 9087: 9077: 9075: 9068: 9052: 9048: 9041: 9027: 9020: 9013: 8999: 8992: 8982: 8980: 8967: 8966: 8962: 8952: 8950: 8943: 8927: 8923: 8913: 8911: 8902: 8901: 8897: 8890: 8863: 8854: 8843: 8839: 8830: 8826: 8815: 8813: 8800: 8799: 8792: 8785: 8767: 8763: 8756: 8742: 8738: 8728: 8706: 8702: 8695: 8675: 8671: 8655: 8654: 8647: 8645: 8640: 8639: 8635: 8625: 8623: 8614: 8613: 8609: 8602: 8582: 8578: 8568: 8566: 8557: 8556: 8552: 8543: 8539: 8532: 8516: 8512: 8502: 8500: 8491: 8490: 8486: 8476: 8474: 8461: 8460: 8456: 8447: 8443: 8433: 8431: 8424: 8408: 8404: 8393: 8389: 8384:Wayback Machine 8370:Rassam cylinder 8367: 8363: 8356: 8340: 8336: 8320: 8319: 8312: 8310: 8295: 8291: 8285:Wayback Machine 8268:(Brill, 2014), 8237: 8233: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8204: 8197: 8189: 8174: 8170:Z., T. (1928). 8168: 8164: 8155: 8153: 8131: 8127: 8109:Wayback Machine 8099: 8095: 8085: 8083: 8070: 8069: 8065: 8051: 8050: 8046: 8036: 8034: 8019: 8018: 8014: 8003: 7999: 7989: 7987: 7980:www.egy-map.com 7972: 7968: 7958: 7956: 7952: 7941: 7937: 7936: 7932: 7922: 7920: 7911: 7910: 7906: 7896: 7894: 7890: 7879: 7875: 7874: 7870: 7860: 7858: 7850: 7849: 7836: 7826: 7824: 7820: 7813: 7809: 7808: 7804: 7794: 7792: 7783: 7782: 7778: 7765: 7763: 7756: 7740: 7736: 7726: 7724: 7711: 7710: 7706: 7692: 7690: 7683: 7667: 7663: 7653: 7651: 7636: 7632: 7622: 7620: 7605: 7601: 7591: 7589: 7576: 7575: 7571: 7561: 7559: 7544: 7540: 7501: 7497: 7487: 7485: 7472: 7471: 7467: 7457: 7455: 7440: 7431: 7421: 7419: 7406: 7405: 7401: 7391: 7389: 7380: 7379: 7375: 7365: 7363: 7359: 7348: 7344: 7343: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7325: 7309: 7305: 7296: 7292: 7278: 7274: 7264:spoken language 7260:Egyptian Arabic 7256:Literary Arabic 7254: 7250: 7245: 7217: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7142:Summer Olympics 7100:. In 2001, the 7088:In 1999, Egypt 6979: 6961:. In addition, 6936: 6930: 6910:Egyptian months 6902: 6884: 6853:Egyptian Museum 6837:Egyptian Museum 6829: 6823: 6784: 6714: 6708: 6680:Egyptian cinema 6655: 6653:Cinema of Egypt 6649: 6634: 6628: 6540: 6534: 6514:Mahmoud Mokhtar 6463: 6444: 6428:Mahmoud Mokhtar 6408:Tawfiq el-Hakim 6346:Egyptian Arabic 6311: 6305: 6300: 5986: 5980: 5976: 5933: 5927: 5923: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5853: 5847: 5806: 5804:Health in Egypt 5800: 5736: 5730: 5708:denominations. 5585: 5533: 5527: 5507:Coptic Egyptian 5441:Sudanese Arabic 5429:Egyptian Arabic 5421:Literary Arabic 5413: 5407: 5311:Sinai Peninsula 5287: 5247:only 77,041 km² 5211: 5203:Main articles: 5201: 5175:sanitary sewers 5167:open defecation 5151: 5145: 5128: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5114: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5100: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5083: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5047: 5041: 4971: 4965: 4913: 4911:Energy in Egypt 4907: 4879:Sharm el-Sheikh 4860:Giza Necropolis 4848:Giza Necropolis 4832: 4826: 4686: 4680: 4673: 4564: 4549: 4541:Main articles: 4539: 4504: 4360: 4346: 4340: 4266: 4260: 4130:Relations with 4077: 4076: 4075: 4074: 4061: 4046: 4045: 4044: 4035: 4034: 4033: 4017:in addition to 3991: 3983:Main articles: 3981: 3942:civil liberties 3854:is the current 3845: 3839: 3800: 3794: 3725: 3719: 3664:Sharm El Sheikh 3613:Red Sea Riviera 3609:Mount Catherine 3540: 3534: 3526:Nation's Future 3388: 3387: 3386: 3385: 3376: 3369: 3368: 3367: 3358: 3357: 3356: 3345: 3317:Main articles: 3315: 3180:. Sadat made a 3111: 3103:Main articles: 3101: 3076:Sinai Peninsula 2950:Muhammad Naguib 2942:1952 Revolution 2938: 2930:Main articles: 2928: 2895:Muhammad Naguib 2884:Aly Maher Pasha 2738:Sultan of Egypt 2702:Fuad I of Egypt 2695: 2687:Main articles: 2685: 2615:(in 1854), and 2443: 2437: 2413:Ayyubid dynasty 2390:Al-Hakim Mosque 2375:Tulunid dynasty 2355:Ahmad Ibn Tulun 2274:Sasanid Persian 2258: 2252: 2174:was a powerful 2149: 2141:Main articles: 2139: 2127:Ptolemy I Soter 1979: 1934: 1899: 1867:, leading to a 1860: 1850:ancient Wonders 1846:Giza Necropolis 1770:, a culture of 1745: 1737:Main articles: 1735: 1726: 1715: 1709: 1706: 1692:Please help by 1691: 1682: 1678: 1671: 1665: 1660: 1650: 1636: 1618: 1585:Bohairic Coptic 1558: 1526: 1516: 1453:Biblical Hebrew 1415:Egyptian Arabic 1404:[mɑsˤɾ] 1399: 1379:[misˤɾ] 1374: 1356:Aegaeou huptiōs 1248: 1062:. Egypt fought 1048:1952 revolution 902:Sinai Peninsula 885:[mɑsˤr] 880: 876:[mesˁr] 852: 786: 783: 762: 731: 730: 729: 718: 706: 705: 704: 693: 672: 653: 641: 620: 601: 585: 569: 554: 535: 518: 504: 486:18 January 2014 483: 470: 460: 447: 443: 429: 415: 409:Ayyubid dynasty 398: 385: 381:• Fall of 369: 367:and Lower Egypt 366: 343: 328: 299: 284: 226:Egyptian Arabic 198: 196: 192: 189: 184: 181: 179: 177: 176: 175: 169: 152: 151: 132: 128: 122: 116: 103: 102: 101: 96: 88: 87: 82: 69: 68: 61: 60: 53: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 23566: 23556: 23555: 23550: 23548:Arab republics 23545: 23540: 23535: 23530: 23525: 23520: 23515: 23510: 23505: 23500: 23495: 23490: 23485: 23480: 23475: 23470: 23465: 23460: 23455: 23450: 23401: 23400: 23395: 23394: 23392: 23391: 23380: 23377: 23376: 23374: 23373: 23368: 23362: 23360: 23356: 23355: 23353: 23352: 23347: 23342: 23337: 23332: 23327: 23322: 23317: 23311: 23309: 23305: 23304: 23302: 23301: 23296: 23291: 23285: 23283: 23279: 23278: 23275: 23274: 23272: 23271: 23265: 23263: 23259: 23258: 23256: 23255: 23250: 23245: 23240: 23235: 23230: 23225: 23220: 23215: 23210: 23205: 23200: 23195: 23190: 23185: 23180: 23175: 23170: 23165: 23163:Czech Republic 23160: 23155: 23150: 23145: 23139: 23137: 23133: 23132: 23130: 23129: 23124: 23119: 23114: 23109: 23103: 23101: 23097: 23096: 23094: 23093: 23088: 23083: 23077: 23075: 23071: 23070: 23068: 23067: 23062: 23057: 23052: 23047: 23042: 23037: 23032: 23027: 23022: 23017: 23012: 23007: 23002: 22997: 22992: 22987: 22982: 22977: 22972: 22967: 22962: 22957: 22952: 22947: 22942: 22937: 22932: 22927: 22922: 22917: 22912: 22907: 22902: 22897: 22892: 22887: 22882: 22877: 22872: 22867: 22862: 22857: 22852: 22847: 22842: 22837: 22832: 22827: 22822: 22817: 22812: 22806: 22804: 22797: 22791: 22790: 22783: 22782: 22775: 22768: 22760: 22751: 22750: 22748: 22747: 22743: 22740: 22739: 22737: 22736: 22731: 22729:Largest cities 22726: 22721: 22720: 22719: 22714: 22709: 22707:GDP per capita 22704: 22693: 22691: 22687: 22686: 22683: 22682: 22680: 22679: 22674: 22669: 22664: 22659: 22654: 22649: 22644: 22639: 22634: 22628: 22626: 22619: 22615: 22614: 22611: 22610: 22608: 22607: 22601: 22595: 22589: 22583: 22581: 22574: 22570: 22569: 22566: 22565: 22562: 22561: 22559: 22558: 22556:United Nations 22553: 22548: 22543: 22538: 22532: 22530: 22525: 22522: 22521: 22519: 22518: 22512: 22510: 22505: 22502: 22501: 22499: 22498: 22493: 22488: 22483: 22478: 22472: 22470: 22465: 22459: 22455: 22454: 22452: 22451: 22445: 22443: 22439: 22438: 22436: 22435: 22430: 22425: 22420: 22415: 22410: 22405: 22400: 22395: 22390: 22385: 22380: 22375: 22370: 22365: 22360: 22355: 22350: 22349: 22348: 22338: 22333: 22328: 22323: 22318: 22313: 22308: 22303: 22298: 22293: 22288: 22283: 22278: 22273: 22268: 22263: 22258: 22253: 22248: 22243: 22238: 22233: 22228: 22223: 22218: 22213: 22208: 22203: 22198: 22193: 22188: 22183: 22178: 22173: 22168: 22163: 22158: 22153: 22147: 22145: 22138: 22132: 22131: 22129: 22128: 22118: 22115: 22114: 22106: 22105: 22098: 22091: 22083: 22074: 22073: 22071: 22070: 22069: 22068: 22063: 22053: 22048: 22043: 22038: 22032: 22030: 22026: 22025: 22023: 22022: 22009: 21996: 21983: 21970: 21957: 21943: 21941: 21937: 21936: 21934: 21933: 21931:United Nations 21928: 21915: 21910: 21904: 21902: 21898: 21897: 21895: 21894: 21881: 21868: 21855: 21842: 21829: 21816: 21803: 21790: 21777: 21764: 21751: 21738: 21725: 21711: 21709: 21705: 21704: 21702: 21701: 21687: 21685: 21681: 21680: 21678: 21677: 21664: 21651: 21638: 21625: 21612: 21599: 21586: 21573: 21560: 21546: 21544: 21538: 21537: 21535: 21534: 21529: 21527:Samarkand 2022 21524: 21519: 21514: 21508: 21506: 21502: 21501: 21494: 21493: 21486: 21479: 21471: 21462: 21461: 21459: 21458: 21453: 21448: 21443: 21438: 21433: 21428: 21423: 21418: 21413: 21408: 21403: 21398: 21393: 21388: 21383: 21378: 21373: 21368: 21363: 21358: 21353: 21348: 21343: 21338: 21333: 21328: 21323: 21318: 21312: 21309: 21308: 21301: 21300: 21293: 21286: 21278: 21269: 21268: 21266: 21265: 21260: 21255: 21250: 21245: 21240: 21235: 21230: 21225: 21220: 21215: 21210: 21205: 21200: 21195: 21190: 21185: 21179: 21177: 21173: 21172: 21170: 21169: 21164: 21159: 21154: 21149: 21144: 21139: 21134: 21129: 21124: 21119: 21114: 21109: 21104: 21099: 21093: 21091: 21087: 21086: 21079: 21078: 21071: 21064: 21056: 21047: 21046: 21043: 21040: 21039: 21036: 21035: 21033: 21032: 21027: 21025:Nicolás Maduro 21022: 21017: 21015:Nelson Mandela 21012: 21007: 21001: 20999: 20995: 20994: 20992: 20991: 20981: 20971: 20961: 20951: 20940: 20938: 20934: 20933: 20931: 20930: 20925: 20920: 20915: 20910: 20905: 20900: 20895: 20890: 20885: 20880: 20875: 20870: 20865: 20863:Brioni Meeting 20860: 20854: 20852: 20846: 20845: 20843: 20842: 20836: 20834: 20830: 20829: 20827: 20826: 20821: 20811: 20806: 20801: 20796: 20790: 20788: 20784: 20783: 20781: 20780: 20774: 20772: 20765: 20761: 20760: 20758: 20757: 20751: 20746: 20741: 20735: 20730: 20725: 20720: 20713: 20711: 20704: 20703: 20696: 20695: 20688: 20681: 20673: 20664: 20663: 20661: 20660: 20659: 20658: 20656:Pan Arab Games 20648: 20642: 20639: 20638: 20636: 20635: 20630: 20625: 20624: 20623: 20618: 20608: 20602: 20600: 20596: 20595: 20593: 20592: 20587: 20582: 20577: 20571: 20569: 20565: 20564: 20561: 20560: 20558: 20557: 20551: 20549: 20545: 20544: 20542: 20541: 20536: 20531: 20526: 20521: 20515: 20513: 20509: 20508: 20506: 20505: 20500: 20495: 20490: 20485: 20480: 20475: 20470: 20465: 20460: 20455: 20450: 20445: 20440: 20435: 20430: 20425: 20420: 20415: 20410: 20405: 20400: 20394: 20392: 20383: 20379: 20378: 20371: 20369: 20367: 20366: 20361: 20356: 20353: 20348: 20343: 20338: 20333: 20328: 20323: 20317: 20315: 20309: 20308: 20306: 20305: 20295: 20284: 20281: 20280: 20273: 20272: 20265: 20258: 20250: 20241: 20240: 20238: 20237: 20225: 20211: 20210: 20207: 20203: 20202: 20199: 20198: 20196: 20195: 20190: 20184: 20182: 20175: 20172: 20171: 20168: 20167: 20165: 20164: 20154: 20147: 20145: 20144:United Kingdom 20141: 20140: 20138: 20137: 20131: 20129: 20125: 20124: 20122: 20121: 20116: 20110: 20108: 20101: 20094: 20091: 20090: 20088: 20087: 20082: 20077: 20072: 20067: 20061: 20059: 20052: 20049: 20048: 20041: 20039: 20037: 20036: 20031: 20026: 20021: 20016: 20011: 20006: 20001: 19996: 19991: 19986: 19981: 19976: 19971: 19966: 19961: 19956: 19951: 19946: 19941: 19936: 19931: 19926: 19921: 19916: 19911: 19906: 19901: 19896: 19891: 19886: 19881: 19876: 19871: 19866: 19861: 19856: 19851: 19846: 19841: 19836: 19831: 19826: 19821: 19816: 19811: 19806: 19801: 19796: 19790: 19788: 19782: 19781: 19770: 19769: 19762: 19755: 19747: 19738: 19737: 19735: 19734: 19722: 19709: 19706: 19705: 19702: 19701: 19699: 19698: 19692: 19690: 19686: 19685: 19683: 19682: 19677: 19672: 19667: 19665:Canary Islands 19661: 19659: 19655: 19654: 19652: 19651: 19649:Savage Islands 19646: 19640: 19638: 19634: 19633: 19631: 19630: 19625: 19619: 19617: 19613: 19612: 19610: 19609: 19604: 19598: 19596: 19589: 19581: 19580: 19577: 19576: 19571: 19569: 19568:United Kingdom 19565: 19564: 19562: 19561: 19555: 19553: 19546: 19539: 19536: 19535: 19533: 19532: 19527: 19516: 19514: 19507: 19504: 19503: 19496: 19494: 19492: 19491: 19486: 19481: 19476: 19471: 19466: 19461: 19456: 19451: 19446: 19441: 19436: 19431: 19426: 19421: 19416: 19411: 19406: 19401: 19396: 19391: 19386: 19381: 19376: 19371: 19366: 19361: 19356: 19351: 19346: 19341: 19336: 19331: 19326: 19321: 19316: 19311: 19306: 19301: 19296: 19290: 19285: 19280: 19275: 19270: 19265: 19260: 19255: 19250: 19245: 19240: 19235: 19230: 19225: 19219: 19217: 19211: 19210: 19199: 19198: 19191: 19184: 19176: 19167: 19166: 19164: 19163: 19150: 19137: 19124: 19111: 19098: 19085: 19072: 19059: 19045: 19042: 19041: 19033: 19032: 19025: 19018: 19010: 19001: 19000: 18998: 18997: 18995:Tyrrhenian Sea 18992: 18987: 18982: 18980:Sea of Marmara 18977: 18972: 18967: 18962: 18957: 18952: 18947: 18942: 18937: 18931: 18929: 18923: 18922: 18920: 18919: 18907: 18899: 18886: 18884: 18877: 18876: 18874: 18873: 18868: 18862: 18860: 18854: 18853: 18851: 18850: 18845: 18840: 18835: 18830: 18825: 18820: 18815: 18810: 18805: 18800: 18795: 18790: 18785: 18780: 18775: 18770: 18765: 18760: 18755: 18750: 18744: 18742: 18736: 18735: 18727: 18726: 18719: 18712: 18704: 18695: 18694: 18692: 18691: 18686: 18685: 18684: 18674: 18669: 18664: 18659: 18653: 18651: 18647: 18646: 18644: 18643: 18642: 18641: 18631: 18626: 18621: 18615: 18613: 18607: 18606: 18604: 18603: 18601:Water conflict 18598: 18596:Water politics 18593: 18588: 18587: 18586: 18581: 18571: 18570: 18569: 18559: 18554: 18552:Climate change 18548: 18546: 18542: 18541: 18534: 18532: 18530: 18529: 18524: 18519: 18514: 18513: 18512: 18507: 18497: 18492: 18487: 18486: 18485: 18478: 18464: 18459: 18452: 18447: 18442: 18437: 18432: 18431: 18430: 18420: 18415: 18410: 18405: 18399: 18397: 18391: 18390: 18383: 18382: 18375: 18368: 18360: 18351: 18350: 18317: 18314: 18313: 18310: 18309: 18307: 18306: 18300: 18297: 18296: 18294: 18293: 18287: 18285: 18275: 18274: 18272: 18271: 18266: 18260: 18258: 18248: 18247: 18245: 18244: 18239: 18234: 18228: 18226: 18216: 18215: 18213: 18212: 18210:Savage Islands 18207: 18201: 18199: 18193: 18192: 18190: 18189: 18184: 18179: 18174: 18169: 18164: 18159: 18157:Canary Islands 18153: 18151: 18145: 18144: 18141:Western Sahara 18139: 18137: 18124: 18118: 18117: 18115: 18114: 18101: 18099: 18093: 18092: 18090: 18089: 18076: 18063: 18050: 18037: 18024: 18010: 18008: 18002: 18001: 17993: 17992: 17985: 17978: 17970: 17964: 17961: 17960: 17948: 17947: 17945: 17944: 17934: 17924: 17914: 17903: 17900: 17899: 17896: 17895: 17892: 17891: 17889: 17888: 17883: 17878: 17873: 17868: 17863: 17858: 17857: 17856: 17851: 17846: 17841: 17831: 17826: 17825: 17824: 17819: 17817:Football clubs 17809: 17808: 17807: 17802: 17792: 17787: 17786: 17785: 17780: 17770: 17765: 17760: 17755: 17750: 17745: 17740: 17734: 17732: 17726: 17725: 17723: 17722: 17717: 17712: 17707: 17702: 17697: 17696: 17695: 17690: 17689: 17688: 17678: 17677: 17676: 17671: 17666: 17656: 17651: 17646: 17641: 17640: 17639: 17634: 17624: 17619: 17609: 17604: 17599: 17594: 17593: 17592: 17587: 17582: 17572: 17567: 17566: 17565: 17560: 17550: 17545: 17544: 17543: 17538: 17528: 17527: 17526: 17516: 17515: 17514: 17504: 17503: 17502: 17497: 17492: 17487: 17482: 17472: 17467: 17462: 17461: 17460: 17455: 17450: 17440: 17435: 17430: 17425: 17420: 17415: 17413:Animal welfare 17410: 17404: 17402: 17394: 17393: 17381: 17380: 17377: 17376: 17374: 17373: 17372: 17371: 17361: 17360: 17359: 17354: 17349: 17339: 17338: 17337: 17327: 17326: 17325: 17315: 17310: 17305: 17304: 17303: 17296:Power stations 17293: 17288: 17287: 17286: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17244:Egyptian pound 17241: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17225: 17224: 17214: 17208: 17205: 17204: 17192: 17191: 17188: 17187: 17185: 17184: 17179: 17178: 17177: 17167: 17162: 17157: 17156: 17155: 17148:Prime Minister 17145: 17144: 17143: 17133: 17128: 17123: 17118: 17113: 17112: 17111: 17101: 17096: 17091: 17086: 17081: 17080: 17079: 17069: 17064: 17059: 17054: 17049: 17044: 17043: 17042: 17031: 17028: 17027: 17015: 17014: 17011: 17010: 17008: 17007: 17002: 16997: 16992: 16987: 16982: 16981: 16980: 16970: 16965: 16960: 16955: 16953:Northern coast 16950: 16945: 16944: 16943: 16933: 16928: 16923: 16918: 16913: 16908: 16903: 16898: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16872: 16869: 16868: 16856: 16855: 16852: 16851: 16848: 16847: 16845: 16840: 16835: 16830: 16828: 16824: 16823: 16821: 16820: 16815: 16810: 16805: 16800: 16795: 16794: 16793: 16788: 16783: 16773: 16768: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16743: 16738: 16732: 16730: 16726: 16725: 16723: 16722: 16721: 16720: 16719: 16718: 16713: 16703: 16698: 16697: 16696: 16691: 16686: 16684:Yom Kippur War 16676: 16675: 16674: 16669: 16664: 16659: 16654: 16639: 16638: 16637: 16636: 16635: 16625: 16620: 16615: 16614: 16613: 16603: 16602: 16601: 16586: 16585: 16584: 16583: 16582: 16577: 16567: 16562: 16552: 16551: 16550: 16540: 16539: 16538: 16537: 16536: 16526: 16521: 16520: 16519: 16509: 16504: 16499: 16494: 16489: 16479: 16474: 16473: 16472: 16467: 16462: 16452: 16451: 16450: 16445: 16435: 16434: 16433: 16428: 16418: 16417: 16416: 16406: 16400: 16398: 16388: 16387: 16375: 16374: 16366: 16365: 16358: 16351: 16343: 16337: 16336: 16325: 16324: 16311: 16296: 16286: 16259: 16258: 16248: 16236: 16227: 16218: 16202: 16187: 16186: 16181: 16175: 16169: 16156: 16155:External links 16153: 16150: 16149: 16138:. 22 June 2021 16121: 16095: 16069: 16039: 16009: 15979: 15953: 15942:on 15 May 2008 15922: 15895: 15888: 15868: 15851: 15821: 15796: 15749: 15731:Houissa, Ali. 15723: 15708: 15682: 15656: 15623: 15598: 15591: 15573: 15547: 15519: 15516:. p. 130. 15504: 15489: 15462: 15436: 15410: 15384: 15358: 15328: 15302: 15276: 15256:United Nations 15234: 15225:|website= 15195: 15167: 15148: 15124: 15089: 15064: 15039: 15013: 14982: 14952: 14945: 14926: 14904: 14889: 14855: 14818: 14805: 14779: 14746: 14719: 14712: 14692: 14665: 14634: 14615: 14585: 14578: 14560: 14543:www.coptic.net 14530: 14498: 14478: 14452: 14426: 14400: 14374: 14347: 14321: 14303: 14286: 14256: 14227: 14190: 14140: 14098:(3): 324–341. 14075: 14049: 14022: 13992: 13962: 13950: 13937: 13928: 13901: 13875: 13845: 13819: 13789: 13763: 13730: 13703: 13672: 13661:on 22 May 2013 13645: 13614: 13579: 13553: 13526: 13499: 13473: 13439: 13406: 13368: 13349: 13323: 13292: 13285: 13265: 13235: 13218:Deutsche Welle 13205: 13185: 13155: 13133: 13103: 13085: 13055: 13025: 12995: 12971: 12952: 12930: 12900: 12869: 12844: 12820: 12789: 12755: 12722: 12696: 12670: 12655:. Uscirf.gov. 12644: 12612: 12586: 12560: 12549:on 1 July 2003 12534: 12508: 12464: 12438: 12423:. Lexadin.nl. 12412: 12382: 12350: 12320: 12289: 12256: 12237: 12220:Foreign Policy 12206: 12186: 12179: 12161: 12152: 12132: 12101: 12070: 12044: 12013: 11983: 11956: 11917: 11886: 11860: 11833: 11802: 11769: 11739: 11707: 11680: 11661: 11630: 11597: 11575: 11560: 11547: 11509: 11482: 11452: 11422: 11392: 11366: 11340: 11311: 11298: 11272: 11240: 11214: 11187: 11161: 11130: 11104: 11091: 11061: 11042: 11022: 10990: 10964: 10946: 10928: 10909: 10891: 10873: 10868:Israel Defense 10855: 10852:. 8 June 2014. 10837: 10826:. Ahram Online 10811: 10781: 10755: 10725: 10695: 10665: 10635: 10605: 10574: 10543: 10514: 10483: 10453: 10420: 10390: 10364: 10353: 10323: 10297: 10266: 10249:www.aph.gov.au 10235: 10209: 10180: 10147: 10121: 10090: 10060: 10030: 10000: 9970: 9937: 9911: 9881: 9850: 9824: 9798: 9789: 9768: 9749: 9726: 9706: 9693: 9685:Dennis Walters 9672: 9638: 9631: 9613: 9600: 9581: 9561: 9546: 9516: 9486: 9467: 9447: 9438: 9431: 9425:. p. 76. 9409: 9402: 9375: 9338: 9308: 9273: 9254: 9234: 9231:. p. 112. 9219: 9189: 9186:. p. 111. 9174: 9161: 9148: 9141: 9123: 9110: 9103: 9085: 9066: 9046: 9039: 9018: 9011: 8990: 8960: 8941: 8921: 8895: 8888: 8852: 8837: 8824: 8790: 8783: 8761: 8754: 8736: 8727:978-0806137414 8726: 8700: 8693: 8669: 8633: 8607: 8600: 8576: 8550: 8537: 8530: 8510: 8484: 8454: 8441: 8422: 8402: 8387: 8361: 8354: 8334: 8289: 8231: 8218: 8195: 8181:(in Maltese). 8162: 8125: 8093: 8063: 8044: 8012: 7997: 7966: 7930: 7915:. World Bank. 7904: 7868: 7834: 7802: 7776: 7754: 7734: 7704: 7681: 7661: 7630: 7599: 7569: 7552:Foreign Policy 7538: 7517:10.1086/703209 7495: 7465: 7429: 7399: 7373: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7303: 7290: 7272: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7240: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7223: 7222: 7206: 7203: 7188:Pan Arab Games 7037:FIFA World Cup 6999:of Egypt. The 6997:national sport 6978: 6975: 6953:Some consider 6932:Main article: 6929: 6926: 6883: 6880: 6825:Main article: 6822: 6819: 6783: 6780: 6776:Mohamed Mounir 6752:Abdu al-Hamuli 6725:Egyptian music 6712:Music of Egypt 6710:Main article: 6707: 6704: 6662:Salah Zulfikar 6651:Main article: 6648: 6645: 6637:Egyptian media 6632:Media of Egypt 6630:Main article: 6627: 6624: 6608:literary genre 6599:activism, and 6585:Naguib Mahfouz 6547:Naguib Mahfouz 6536:Main article: 6533: 6530: 6443: 6440: 6396:Muhammad Abduh 6307:Main article: 6304: 6301: 6297: 6296: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6280: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6229: 6228: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6212: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6195: 6194: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6178: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6161: 6160: 6157: 6152: 6150:6th of October 6147: 6144: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6127: 6126: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6110: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6093: 6092: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6076: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6042: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6025: 6024: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6008: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5991: 5990: 5969: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5953: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5937: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5870: 5865: 5862: 5859: 5854: 5846: 5845:Largest cities 5843: 5802:Main article: 5799: 5796: 5770:Thanaweya Amma 5732:Main article: 5729: 5726: 5702:Greek Orthodox 5698:Greek Catholic 5629:minority. The 5598:state religion 5586: 1000 CE 5574:late antiquity 5547:state religion 5529:Main article: 5526: 5523: 5409:Main article: 5406: 5403: 5286: 5283: 5249:, putting the 5200: 5197: 5147:Main article: 5144: 5141: 5137:New Suez Canal 5043:Main article: 5040: 5037: 5031:. The Current 4967:Main article: 4964: 4961: 4909:Main article: 4906: 4903: 4828:Main article: 4825: 4822: 4729:core inflation 4710:Aswan High Dam 4682:Main article: 4679: 4676: 4579:Kafr El Sheikh 4560: 4559: 4538: 4535: 4503: 4500: 4390:for those who 4342:Main article: 4339: 4336: 4274:Downtown Cairo 4262:Main article: 4259: 4256: 4229:United Nations 4176:Following the 4145:The permanent 4071:Vladimir Putin 4058:George W. Bush 4048: 4047: 4038: 4037: 4036: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4023: 3980: 3977: 3893:Hamdeen Sabahi 3841:Main article: 3838: 3835: 3796:Main article: 3793: 3790: 3781:global warming 3721:Main article: 3718: 3715: 3536:Main article: 3533: 3530: 3371: 3370: 3361: 3360: 3359: 3350: 3349: 3348: 3347: 3346: 3314: 3311: 3135:Menachem Begin 3119:Yom Kippur War 3100: 3097: 2940:Following the 2927: 2924: 2872:George Erskine 2797:new government 2726:Ottoman Empire 2720:, 17 July 1942 2684: 2681: 2577:Northern Sudan 2535:and the first 2471:Ottoman Empire 2453:troops in the 2439:Main article: 2436: 2433: 2377:(868–905) and 2336:Arab caliphate 2327:was repulsed. 2282:Sasanian Egypt 2254:Main article: 2251: 2248: 2138: 2135: 2129:, founded the 2100:Petubastis III 1929:Middle Kingdom 1915:Fourth Dynasty 1831:dynastic Egypt 1800:tribal peoples 1752:Temple of Derr 1734: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1710:September 2023 1685: 1683: 1676: 1667:Main article: 1664: 1661: 1593:Sahidic Coptic 1523: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1510: 1500: 1498: 1348:Aἰγαίου ὑπτίως 1332:stating that " 1330:folk etymology 1320:historian and 1247: 1244: 1216:United Nations 1180:regional power 1161:of Egypt, and 1040:British Empire 1021:Ottoman Empire 1009:adopting Islam 854: 853: 851: 850: 841: 835: 833: 827: 826: 821: 815: 814: 809: 803: 802: 799: 793: 792: 784: 777: 774: 773: 760: 756: 755: 748:Egyptian pound 745: 741: 740: 721: 711: 710: 696: 686: 685: 673: 670: 667: 666: 654: 651: 648: 647: 644: 634: 633: 628:$ 17,614 ( 621: 618: 615: 614: 602: 599: 596: 595: 592: 578: 577: 570: 568:• Density 567: 564: 563: 555: 552: 549: 548: 536: 533: 530: 529: 523: 522: 519: 516: 513: 512: 505: 502: 499: 498: 492: 491: 488: 487: 484: 478: 475: 474: 471: 468: 465: 464: 461: 458:Revolution Day 455: 452: 451: 448: 445:United Kingdom 437: 434: 433: 430: 423: 420: 419: 416: 406: 403: 402: 399: 393: 390: 389: 386: 380: 377: 376: 370: 362: 359: 358: 355: 354: 350: 349: 344: 338: 335: 334: 329: 323: 320: 319: 314: 310: 309: 306: 305: 300: 297:Prime Minister 294: 291: 290: 285: 279: 276: 275: 272: 271: 260: 254: 253: 248: 242: 241: 233: 229: 228: 223: 217: 216: 211: 207: 206: 199:30.033; 31.217 170: 167: 163: 162: 154: 153: 130: 129: 105: 104: 97: 90: 89: 83: 76: 75: 74: 71: 70: 46: 45: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23565: 23554: 23553:BRICS nations 23551: 23549: 23546: 23544: 23541: 23539: 23536: 23534: 23531: 23529: 23526: 23524: 23521: 23519: 23516: 23514: 23511: 23509: 23506: 23504: 23501: 23499: 23496: 23494: 23491: 23489: 23486: 23484: 23481: 23479: 23476: 23474: 23471: 23469: 23466: 23464: 23461: 23459: 23456: 23454: 23451: 23449: 23446: 23445: 23443: 23436: 23433: 23390: 23382: 23381: 23378: 23372: 23369: 23367: 23364: 23363: 23361: 23357: 23351: 23348: 23346: 23343: 23341: 23338: 23336: 23333: 23331: 23328: 23326: 23323: 23321: 23318: 23316: 23313: 23312: 23310: 23306: 23300: 23297: 23295: 23292: 23290: 23287: 23286: 23284: 23280: 23270: 23267: 23266: 23264: 23260: 23254: 23251: 23249: 23246: 23244: 23241: 23239: 23236: 23234: 23231: 23229: 23226: 23224: 23221: 23219: 23216: 23214: 23211: 23209: 23206: 23204: 23201: 23199: 23196: 23194: 23191: 23189: 23186: 23184: 23181: 23179: 23176: 23174: 23171: 23169: 23166: 23164: 23161: 23159: 23156: 23154: 23151: 23149: 23146: 23144: 23141: 23140: 23138: 23134: 23128: 23125: 23123: 23120: 23118: 23115: 23113: 23110: 23108: 23105: 23104: 23102: 23098: 23092: 23089: 23087: 23086:New Brunswick 23084: 23082: 23079: 23078: 23076: 23072: 23066: 23063: 23061: 23058: 23056: 23053: 23051: 23048: 23046: 23043: 23041: 23038: 23036: 23033: 23031: 23028: 23026: 23023: 23021: 23018: 23016: 23013: 23011: 23008: 23006: 23003: 23001: 22998: 22996: 22993: 22991: 22988: 22986: 22983: 22981: 22978: 22976: 22973: 22971: 22968: 22966: 22963: 22961: 22958: 22956: 22953: 22951: 22948: 22946: 22943: 22941: 22938: 22936: 22935:Guinea-Bissau 22933: 22931: 22928: 22926: 22923: 22921: 22918: 22916: 22913: 22911: 22908: 22906: 22903: 22901: 22898: 22896: 22893: 22891: 22888: 22886: 22883: 22881: 22878: 22876: 22873: 22871: 22868: 22866: 22863: 22861: 22858: 22856: 22853: 22851: 22848: 22846: 22843: 22841: 22838: 22836: 22833: 22831: 22828: 22826: 22823: 22821: 22818: 22816: 22813: 22811: 22808: 22807: 22805: 22801: 22798: 22796: 22792: 22788: 22781: 22776: 22774: 22769: 22767: 22762: 22761: 22758: 22745: 22744: 22741: 22735: 22732: 22730: 22727: 22725: 22722: 22718: 22715: 22713: 22710: 22708: 22705: 22703: 22700: 22699: 22698: 22695: 22694: 22692: 22688: 22678: 22675: 22673: 22670: 22668: 22665: 22663: 22660: 22658: 22655: 22653: 22650: 22648: 22645: 22643: 22640: 22638: 22635: 22633: 22630: 22629: 22627: 22625:Extraordinary 22623: 22620: 22616: 22605: 22602: 22599: 22596: 22593: 22590: 22588: 22585: 22584: 22582: 22578: 22575: 22571: 22557: 22554: 22552: 22549: 22547: 22544: 22542: 22541:African Union 22539: 22537: 22534: 22533: 22531: 22528:organizations 22526:International 22523: 22517: 22514: 22513: 22511: 22503: 22497: 22494: 22492: 22489: 22487: 22484: 22482: 22479: 22477: 22474: 22473: 22471: 22463: 22460: 22456: 22450: 22447: 22446: 22444: 22440: 22434: 22431: 22429: 22426: 22424: 22421: 22419: 22416: 22414: 22411: 22409: 22406: 22404: 22401: 22399: 22396: 22394: 22391: 22389: 22386: 22384: 22381: 22379: 22376: 22374: 22371: 22369: 22366: 22364: 22361: 22359: 22356: 22354: 22351: 22347: 22344: 22343: 22342: 22339: 22337: 22334: 22332: 22329: 22327: 22324: 22322: 22319: 22317: 22314: 22312: 22309: 22307: 22304: 22302: 22299: 22297: 22294: 22292: 22289: 22287: 22284: 22282: 22279: 22277: 22274: 22272: 22269: 22267: 22264: 22262: 22259: 22257: 22254: 22252: 22249: 22247: 22244: 22242: 22239: 22237: 22236:Guinea-Bissau 22234: 22232: 22229: 22227: 22224: 22222: 22219: 22217: 22214: 22212: 22209: 22207: 22204: 22202: 22199: 22197: 22194: 22192: 22189: 22187: 22184: 22182: 22179: 22177: 22174: 22172: 22169: 22167: 22164: 22162: 22159: 22157: 22154: 22152: 22149: 22148: 22146: 22142: 22139: 22137: 22136:Member states 22133: 22127: 22123: 22120: 22119: 22116: 22111: 22104: 22099: 22097: 22092: 22090: 22085: 22084: 22081: 22067: 22064: 22062: 22059: 22058: 22057: 22054: 22052: 22049: 22047: 22044: 22042: 22039: 22037: 22036:Member states 22034: 22033: 22031: 22027: 22021: 22010: 22008: 21997: 21995: 21984: 21982: 21971: 21969: 21958: 21956: 21945: 21944: 21942: 21938: 21932: 21929: 21927: 21916: 21914: 21911: 21909: 21906: 21905: 21903: 21899: 21893: 21882: 21880: 21869: 21867: 21856: 21854: 21843: 21841: 21830: 21828: 21817: 21815: 21804: 21802: 21791: 21789: 21778: 21776: 21765: 21763: 21752: 21750: 21739: 21737: 21726: 21724: 21713: 21712: 21710: 21706: 21700: 21689: 21688: 21686: 21682: 21676: 21665: 21663: 21652: 21650: 21639: 21637: 21626: 21624: 21613: 21611: 21600: 21598: 21587: 21585: 21574: 21572: 21561: 21559: 21548: 21547: 21545: 21543: 21542:Member states 21539: 21533: 21530: 21528: 21525: 21523: 21520: 21518: 21517:Dushanbe 2014 21515: 21513: 21510: 21509: 21507: 21503: 21499: 21492: 21487: 21485: 21480: 21478: 21473: 21472: 21469: 21457: 21454: 21452: 21449: 21447: 21444: 21442: 21439: 21437: 21434: 21432: 21429: 21427: 21424: 21422: 21419: 21417: 21414: 21412: 21409: 21407: 21404: 21402: 21399: 21397: 21394: 21392: 21389: 21387: 21384: 21382: 21379: 21377: 21376:Guinea-Bissau 21374: 21372: 21369: 21367: 21364: 21362: 21359: 21357: 21354: 21352: 21349: 21347: 21344: 21342: 21339: 21337: 21334: 21332: 21329: 21327: 21324: 21322: 21319: 21317: 21314: 21313: 21310: 21306: 21299: 21294: 21292: 21287: 21285: 21280: 21279: 21276: 21264: 21261: 21259: 21256: 21254: 21251: 21249: 21246: 21244: 21241: 21239: 21236: 21234: 21231: 21229: 21226: 21224: 21221: 21219: 21216: 21214: 21211: 21209: 21206: 21204: 21201: 21199: 21196: 21194: 21191: 21189: 21186: 21184: 21181: 21180: 21178: 21174: 21168: 21165: 21163: 21160: 21158: 21155: 21153: 21150: 21148: 21145: 21143: 21140: 21138: 21135: 21133: 21130: 21128: 21125: 21123: 21120: 21118: 21115: 21113: 21110: 21108: 21105: 21103: 21100: 21098: 21095: 21094: 21092: 21088: 21084: 21077: 21072: 21070: 21065: 21063: 21058: 21057: 21054: 21041: 21031: 21028: 21026: 21023: 21021: 21020:Mohamed Morsi 21018: 21016: 21013: 21011: 21008: 21006: 21003: 21002: 21000: 20996: 20989: 20985: 20982: 20979: 20975: 20974:Kwame Nkrumah 20972: 20969: 20965: 20962: 20959: 20955: 20952: 20949: 20945: 20942: 20941: 20939: 20935: 20929: 20926: 20924: 20921: 20919: 20916: 20914: 20911: 20909: 20906: 20904: 20901: 20899: 20896: 20894: 20891: 20889: 20886: 20884: 20881: 20879: 20876: 20874: 20871: 20869: 20866: 20864: 20861: 20859: 20856: 20855: 20853: 20851: 20847: 20841: 20838: 20837: 20835: 20831: 20825: 20822: 20819: 20815: 20812: 20810: 20807: 20805: 20802: 20800: 20797: 20795: 20792: 20791: 20789: 20787:Organizations 20785: 20779: 20776: 20775: 20773: 20769: 20766: 20762: 20755: 20752: 20750: 20747: 20745: 20742: 20739: 20736: 20734: 20731: 20729: 20726: 20724: 20721: 20718: 20715: 20714: 20712: 20709: 20705: 20701: 20694: 20689: 20687: 20682: 20680: 20675: 20674: 20671: 20657: 20654: 20653: 20652: 20649: 20647: 20644: 20643: 20640: 20634: 20631: 20629: 20626: 20622: 20619: 20617: 20614: 20613: 20612: 20609: 20607: 20604: 20603: 20601: 20597: 20591: 20588: 20586: 20583: 20581: 20578: 20576: 20573: 20572: 20570: 20566: 20556: 20553: 20552: 20550: 20546: 20540: 20537: 20535: 20532: 20530: 20527: 20525: 20522: 20520: 20517: 20516: 20514: 20510: 20504: 20501: 20499: 20496: 20494: 20491: 20489: 20486: 20484: 20481: 20479: 20476: 20474: 20471: 20469: 20466: 20464: 20461: 20459: 20456: 20454: 20451: 20449: 20446: 20444: 20441: 20439: 20436: 20434: 20431: 20429: 20426: 20424: 20421: 20419: 20416: 20414: 20411: 20409: 20406: 20404: 20401: 20399: 20396: 20395: 20393: 20391: 20387: 20384: 20380: 20375: 20365: 20362: 20360: 20357: 20354: 20352: 20349: 20347: 20344: 20342: 20339: 20337: 20334: 20332: 20329: 20327: 20324: 20322: 20319: 20318: 20316: 20314: 20310: 20304: 20296: 20294: 20286: 20285: 20282: 20278: 20271: 20266: 20264: 20259: 20257: 20252: 20251: 20248: 20236: 20235: 20230: 20226: 20224: 20223: 20214: 20213: 20208: 20205: 20204: 20200: 20194: 20191: 20189: 20186: 20185: 20183: 20180: 20173: 20162: 20158: 20155: 20152: 20149: 20148: 20146: 20142: 20136: 20133: 20132: 20130: 20126: 20120: 20117: 20115: 20112: 20111: 20109: 20105: 20102: 20099: 20092: 20086: 20083: 20081: 20080:South Ossetia 20078: 20076: 20073: 20071: 20068: 20066: 20063: 20062: 20060: 20057: 20050: 20045: 20035: 20032: 20030: 20027: 20025: 20022: 20020: 20017: 20015: 20012: 20010: 20007: 20005: 20002: 20000: 19997: 19995: 19992: 19990: 19987: 19985: 19982: 19980: 19977: 19975: 19972: 19970: 19967: 19965: 19962: 19960: 19957: 19955: 19952: 19950: 19947: 19945: 19942: 19940: 19937: 19935: 19932: 19930: 19927: 19925: 19922: 19920: 19917: 19915: 19912: 19910: 19907: 19905: 19902: 19900: 19897: 19895: 19892: 19890: 19887: 19885: 19882: 19880: 19877: 19875: 19872: 19870: 19867: 19865: 19862: 19860: 19857: 19855: 19852: 19850: 19847: 19845: 19842: 19840: 19837: 19835: 19832: 19830: 19827: 19825: 19822: 19820: 19817: 19815: 19812: 19810: 19807: 19805: 19802: 19800: 19797: 19795: 19792: 19791: 19789: 19787: 19783: 19779: 19775: 19768: 19763: 19761: 19756: 19754: 19749: 19748: 19745: 19733: 19732: 19731:Africa portal 19727: 19723: 19721: 19720: 19711: 19710: 19707: 19697: 19694: 19693: 19691: 19687: 19681: 19678: 19676: 19673: 19671: 19668: 19666: 19663: 19662: 19660: 19656: 19650: 19647: 19645: 19642: 19641: 19639: 19635: 19629: 19626: 19624: 19621: 19620: 19618: 19614: 19608: 19605: 19603: 19600: 19599: 19597: 19593: 19590: 19586:fully part of 19582: 19574: 19570: 19566: 19560: 19557: 19556: 19554: 19550: 19547: 19544: 19537: 19531: 19528: 19525: 19521: 19518: 19517: 19515: 19512: 19505: 19500: 19490: 19487: 19485: 19482: 19480: 19477: 19475: 19472: 19470: 19467: 19465: 19462: 19460: 19457: 19455: 19452: 19450: 19447: 19445: 19442: 19440: 19437: 19435: 19432: 19430: 19427: 19425: 19422: 19420: 19417: 19415: 19412: 19410: 19407: 19405: 19402: 19400: 19397: 19395: 19392: 19390: 19387: 19385: 19382: 19380: 19377: 19375: 19372: 19370: 19367: 19365: 19362: 19360: 19357: 19355: 19352: 19350: 19347: 19345: 19342: 19340: 19339:Guinea-Bissau 19337: 19335: 19332: 19330: 19327: 19325: 19322: 19320: 19317: 19315: 19312: 19310: 19307: 19305: 19302: 19300: 19297: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19286: 19284: 19281: 19279: 19276: 19274: 19271: 19269: 19266: 19264: 19261: 19259: 19256: 19254: 19251: 19249: 19246: 19244: 19241: 19239: 19236: 19234: 19231: 19229: 19226: 19224: 19221: 19220: 19218: 19216: 19212: 19208: 19204: 19197: 19192: 19190: 19185: 19183: 19178: 19177: 19174: 19162: 19151: 19149: 19138: 19136: 19125: 19123: 19112: 19110: 19099: 19097: 19086: 19084: 19073: 19071: 19060: 19058: 19047: 19046: 19043: 19039: 19031: 19026: 19024: 19019: 19017: 19012: 19011: 19008: 18996: 18993: 18991: 18988: 18986: 18983: 18981: 18978: 18976: 18973: 18971: 18968: 18966: 18963: 18961: 18960:Levantine Sea 18958: 18956: 18953: 18951: 18948: 18946: 18943: 18941: 18938: 18936: 18933: 18932: 18930: 18928: 18927:Marginal seas 18924: 18915: 18911: 18908: 18903: 18900: 18896: 18891: 18888: 18887: 18885: 18882: 18878: 18872: 18869: 18867: 18864: 18863: 18861: 18859: 18855: 18849: 18846: 18844: 18841: 18839: 18836: 18834: 18831: 18829: 18826: 18824: 18821: 18819: 18816: 18814: 18811: 18809: 18806: 18804: 18801: 18799: 18796: 18794: 18791: 18789: 18786: 18784: 18781: 18779: 18776: 18774: 18771: 18769: 18766: 18764: 18761: 18759: 18756: 18754: 18751: 18749: 18746: 18745: 18743: 18741: 18737: 18733: 18725: 18720: 18718: 18713: 18711: 18706: 18705: 18702: 18690: 18687: 18683: 18680: 18679: 18678: 18675: 18673: 18670: 18668: 18665: 18663: 18660: 18658: 18655: 18654: 18652: 18648: 18640: 18637: 18636: 18635: 18632: 18630: 18627: 18625: 18622: 18620: 18619:Ethnic groups 18617: 18616: 18614: 18612: 18608: 18602: 18599: 18597: 18594: 18592: 18589: 18585: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18576: 18575: 18572: 18568: 18565: 18564: 18563: 18560: 18558: 18555: 18553: 18550: 18549: 18547: 18543: 18538: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18520: 18518: 18515: 18511: 18508: 18506: 18503: 18502: 18501: 18498: 18496: 18493: 18491: 18488: 18484: 18483: 18479: 18477: 18476: 18472: 18471: 18470: 18469: 18465: 18463: 18460: 18458: 18457: 18453: 18451: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18441: 18438: 18436: 18433: 18429: 18426: 18425: 18424: 18421: 18419: 18416: 18414: 18411: 18409: 18406: 18404: 18401: 18400: 18398: 18396: 18392: 18388: 18381: 18376: 18374: 18369: 18367: 18362: 18361: 18358: 18348: 18345: 18342: 18339: 18337: 18333: 18330: 18327: 18324: 18322: 18315: 18305: 18302: 18301: 18298: 18292: 18289: 18288: 18286: 18284: 18280: 18276: 18270: 18267: 18265: 18262: 18261: 18259: 18257: 18253: 18249: 18243: 18240: 18238: 18235: 18233: 18230: 18229: 18227: 18225: 18221: 18217: 18211: 18208: 18206: 18203: 18202: 18200: 18198: 18194: 18188: 18185: 18183: 18180: 18178: 18175: 18173: 18170: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18158: 18155: 18154: 18152: 18150: 18146: 18142: 18138: 18136: 18132: 18128: 18125: 18123: 18119: 18113: 18108: 18103: 18102: 18100: 18098: 18094: 18088: 18077: 18075: 18064: 18062: 18051: 18049: 18038: 18036: 18025: 18023: 18012: 18011: 18009: 18007: 18003: 17999: 17991: 17986: 17984: 17979: 17977: 17972: 17971: 17968: 17962: 17955: 17943: 17935: 17933: 17925: 17923: 17919: 17915: 17913: 17905: 17904: 17901: 17887: 17884: 17882: 17879: 17877: 17874: 17872: 17869: 17867: 17864: 17862: 17859: 17855: 17852: 17850: 17847: 17845: 17842: 17840: 17837: 17836: 17835: 17832: 17830: 17827: 17823: 17820: 17818: 17815: 17814: 17813: 17810: 17806: 17803: 17801: 17798: 17797: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17776: 17775: 17774: 17771: 17769: 17766: 17764: 17761: 17759: 17756: 17754: 17751: 17749: 17746: 17744: 17743:Art (ancient) 17741: 17739: 17736: 17735: 17733: 17731: 17727: 17721: 17718: 17716: 17713: 17711: 17708: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17698: 17694: 17691: 17687: 17684: 17683: 17682: 17679: 17675: 17672: 17670: 17667: 17665: 17662: 17661: 17660: 17657: 17655: 17652: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17642: 17638: 17635: 17633: 17630: 17629: 17628: 17625: 17623: 17622:Blasphemy law 17620: 17618: 17615: 17614: 17613: 17610: 17608: 17605: 17603: 17600: 17598: 17595: 17591: 17590:Sign Language 17588: 17586: 17585:Saʽidi Arabic 17583: 17581: 17578: 17577: 17576: 17573: 17571: 17568: 17564: 17561: 17559: 17556: 17555: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17542: 17539: 17537: 17534: 17533: 17532: 17529: 17525: 17522: 17521: 17520: 17517: 17513: 17510: 17509: 17508: 17505: 17501: 17498: 17496: 17493: 17491: 17488: 17486: 17483: 17481: 17478: 17477: 17476: 17473: 17471: 17468: 17466: 17463: 17459: 17456: 17454: 17451: 17449: 17446: 17445: 17444: 17441: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17421: 17419: 17416: 17414: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17405: 17403: 17399: 17395: 17391: 17386: 17382: 17370: 17367: 17366: 17365: 17362: 17358: 17355: 17353: 17350: 17348: 17345: 17344: 17343: 17340: 17336: 17333: 17332: 17331: 17328: 17324: 17321: 17320: 17319: 17316: 17314: 17311: 17309: 17306: 17302: 17299: 17298: 17297: 17294: 17292: 17289: 17285: 17282: 17281: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17223: 17222:National Bank 17220: 17219: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17209: 17206: 17202: 17197: 17193: 17183: 17180: 17176: 17173: 17172: 17171: 17168: 17166: 17163: 17161: 17158: 17154: 17151: 17150: 17149: 17146: 17142: 17139: 17138: 17137: 17134: 17132: 17129: 17127: 17124: 17122: 17119: 17117: 17114: 17110: 17107: 17106: 17105: 17102: 17100: 17097: 17095: 17092: 17090: 17087: 17085: 17082: 17078: 17075: 17074: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17065: 17063: 17060: 17058: 17055: 17053: 17050: 17048: 17045: 17041: 17038: 17037: 17036: 17033: 17032: 17029: 17025: 17020: 17016: 17006: 17003: 17001: 16998: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16979: 16976: 16975: 16974: 16971: 16969: 16966: 16964: 16961: 16959: 16956: 16954: 16951: 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16571: 16568: 16566: 16563: 16561: 16558: 16557: 16556: 16553: 16549: 16548:Ottoman Egypt 16546: 16545: 16544: 16541: 16535: 16532: 16531: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16518: 16515: 16514: 16513: 16510: 16508: 16505: 16503: 16500: 16498: 16495: 16493: 16490: 16488: 16485: 16484: 16483: 16480: 16478: 16475: 16471: 16468: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16457: 16456: 16453: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16441: 16440: 16439: 16436: 16432: 16429: 16427: 16424: 16423: 16422: 16419: 16415: 16412: 16411: 16410: 16407: 16405: 16402: 16401: 16399: 16397: 16393: 16389: 16385: 16380: 16376: 16371: 16364: 16359: 16357: 16352: 16350: 16345: 16344: 16341: 16335: 16332: 16331: 16330: 16329: 16323: 16319: 16315: 16312: 16310: 16309:OpenStreetMap 16306: 16297: 16295: 16287: 16285: 16281: 16276: 16272: 16271: 16266: 16261: 16260: 16256: 16255:Arab Decision 16252: 16249: 16247: 16243: 16240: 16237: 16235: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223:profile from 16222: 16219: 16216: 16212: 16211: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16197: 16194: 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15196:9789280534320 15192: 15188: 15184: 15180: 15179: 15171: 15155: 15151: 15145: 15141: 15140: 15133: 15131: 15129: 15117: 15110: 15104: 15102: 15100: 15098: 15096: 15094: 15078: 15074: 15068: 15053: 15049: 15043: 15027: 15023: 15017: 15001: 14997: 14993: 14986: 14970: 14966: 14962: 14956: 14948: 14942: 14938: 14937: 14930: 14923: 14922: 14918: 14915: 14908: 14900: 14893: 14877: 14873: 14869: 14862: 14860: 14851: 14845: 14829: 14822: 14815: 14809: 14794:. 6 July 2024 14793: 14789: 14783: 14767: 14763: 14762: 14757: 14750: 14734: 14730: 14723: 14715: 14709: 14705: 14704: 14696: 14680: 14676: 14669: 14653: 14649: 14645: 14638: 14631: 14627: 14624: 14619: 14603: 14599: 14595: 14589: 14581: 14575: 14571: 14564: 14548: 14544: 14540: 14534: 14515: 14508: 14502: 14494: 14490: 14489: 14482: 14466: 14462: 14456: 14440: 14436: 14430: 14414: 14410: 14404: 14389: 14385: 14378: 14362: 14358: 14351: 14335: 14331: 14325: 14317: 14313: 14307: 14300: 14296: 14290: 14274: 14270: 14266: 14260: 14253: 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13278: 13277: 13269: 13253: 13249: 13245: 13239: 13223: 13219: 13215: 13209: 13202: 13198: 13195: 13189: 13173: 13169: 13165: 13159: 13152: 13149: 13145: 13142: 13137: 13121: 13117: 13113: 13107: 13099: 13095: 13089: 13073: 13069: 13065: 13059: 13043: 13039: 13035: 13029: 13013: 13009: 13005: 12999: 12992: 12988: 12984: 12981: 12975: 12968: 12964: 12961: 12956: 12948: 12944: 12940: 12934: 12918: 12914: 12910: 12904: 12888: 12884: 12880: 12873: 12865: 12861: 12857: 12851: 12849: 12841: 12837: 12833: 12830: 12824: 12808: 12804: 12800: 12793: 12777: 12773: 12769: 12762: 12760: 12743: 12739: 12735: 12729: 12727: 12710: 12706: 12700: 12684: 12680: 12674: 12658: 12654: 12648: 12629: 12622: 12616: 12600: 12596: 12590: 12574: 12570: 12564: 12548: 12544: 12538: 12522: 12518: 12512: 12496: 12492: 12491: 12486: 12479: 12477: 12475: 12473: 12471: 12469: 12452: 12448: 12442: 12426: 12422: 12416: 12400: 12396: 12392: 12386: 12367: 12360: 12354: 12338: 12334: 12330: 12324: 12308: 12304: 12300: 12293: 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11228: 11224: 11218: 11202: 11198: 11191: 11175: 11171: 11165: 11149: 11145: 11141: 11134: 11118: 11114: 11108: 11101: 11098:Soliman, KH. 11095: 11079: 11075: 11071: 11065: 11049: 11045: 11039: 11035: 11034: 11026: 11007: 11000: 10994: 10978: 10974: 10968: 10960: 10956: 10950: 10942: 10938: 10932: 10924: 10920: 10913: 10905: 10904:www.aa.com.tr 10901: 10895: 10887: 10883: 10877: 10869: 10865: 10859: 10851: 10847: 10841: 10825: 10821: 10815: 10799: 10795: 10791: 10785: 10769: 10765: 10759: 10743: 10739: 10735: 10729: 10713: 10709: 10705: 10699: 10683: 10679: 10675: 10669: 10653: 10649: 10645: 10639: 10623: 10619: 10615: 10609: 10593: 10589: 10585: 10578: 10562: 10558: 10554: 10547: 10531: 10527: 10521: 10519: 10502: 10498: 10494: 10487: 10471: 10467: 10463: 10457: 10441: 10437: 10436: 10431: 10424: 10408: 10404: 10400: 10394: 10378: 10374: 10368: 10357: 10341: 10337: 10333: 10327: 10311: 10307: 10301: 10285: 10281: 10277: 10270: 10254: 10250: 10246: 10239: 10223: 10219: 10213: 10206: 10194: 10190: 10184: 10168: 10164: 10163: 10158: 10151: 10135: 10131: 10125: 10109: 10105: 10101: 10094: 10078: 10074: 10070: 10064: 10048: 10044: 10040: 10034: 10018: 10014: 10010: 10004: 9988: 9984: 9980: 9974: 9958: 9954: 9950: 9944: 9942: 9925: 9921: 9915: 9899: 9895: 9891: 9885: 9869: 9865: 9861: 9854: 9838: 9834: 9828: 9812: 9808: 9802: 9793: 9785: 9778: 9772: 9756: 9752: 9746: 9742: 9741: 9736: 9735:Kepel, Gilles 9730: 9723: 9719: 9716: 9710: 9703: 9697: 9690: 9686: 9682: 9676: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9645: 9643: 9634: 9628: 9624: 9617: 9610: 9607:Amin, Galal. 9604: 9588: 9584: 9578: 9574: 9573: 9565: 9558: 9553: 9551: 9534: 9530: 9526: 9520: 9504: 9500: 9496: 9490: 9474: 9470: 9464: 9460: 9459: 9451: 9442: 9434: 9428: 9424: 9420: 9413: 9405: 9399: 9395: 9391: 9390: 9385: 9379: 9360: 9356: 9349: 9342: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9312: 9296: 9292: 9288: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9261: 9257: 9251: 9247: 9246: 9238: 9230: 9223: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9193: 9185: 9178: 9171: 9165: 9158: 9152: 9144: 9138: 9134: 9127: 9120: 9114: 9106: 9100: 9096: 9089: 9073: 9069: 9063: 9059: 9058: 9050: 9042: 9036: 9032: 9025: 9023: 9014: 9008: 9004: 8997: 8995: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8964: 8948: 8944: 8938: 8934: 8933: 8925: 8909: 8905: 8899: 8891: 8885: 8881: 8877: 8876: 8871: 8867: 8861: 8859: 8857: 8848: 8841: 8834: 8831:Kamil, Jill. 8828: 8811: 8807: 8803: 8797: 8795: 8786: 8784:0-292-77772-8 8780: 8776: 8772: 8765: 8757: 8755:0-520-20531-6 8751: 8747: 8740: 8733: 8729: 8723: 8719: 8714: 8713: 8704: 8696: 8694:0-19-280458-8 8690: 8686: 8682: 8681: 8673: 8665: 8659: 8643: 8637: 8621: 8617: 8611: 8603: 8601:0-19-280458-8 8597: 8593: 8589: 8588: 8580: 8564: 8560: 8554: 8547: 8541: 8533: 8527: 8523: 8522: 8514: 8498: 8494: 8488: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8458: 8451: 8445: 8429: 8425: 8419: 8415: 8414: 8406: 8398: 8391: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8375: 8371: 8365: 8357: 8351: 8347: 8346: 8338: 8330: 8324: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8293: 8286: 8282: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8255: 8251: 8250: 8245: 8241: 8235: 8221: 8219:9780739186077 8215: 8211: 8210: 8202: 8200: 8188: 8184: 8180: 8173: 8166: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8129: 8122: 8121:9783447051750 8118: 8114: 8110: 8106: 8103: 8097: 8081: 8077: 8073: 8067: 8059: 8055: 8048: 8032: 8028: 8027: 8022: 8016: 8008: 8001: 7985: 7981: 7977: 7970: 7951: 7947: 7940: 7934: 7918: 7914: 7908: 7889: 7885: 7878: 7872: 7857: 7853: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7839: 7819: 7812: 7806: 7790: 7786: 7780: 7773: 7761: 7757: 7751: 7747: 7746: 7738: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7708: 7701: 7688: 7684: 7678: 7674: 7673: 7665: 7649: 7645: 7641: 7634: 7618: 7614: 7610: 7603: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7573: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7542: 7534: 7530: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7499: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7469: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7403: 7387: 7383: 7377: 7358: 7354: 7347: 7341: 7339: 7334: 7320: 7319: 7314: 7307: 7300: 7294: 7286: 7282: 7276: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7252: 7248: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7224: 7220: 7209: 7202: 7200: 7196: 7191: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7166:in 1951, the 7165: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7091: 7086: 7084: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7041:Mohamed Salah 7038: 7033: 7029: 7024: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6988: 6983: 6974: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6959:national dish 6956: 6951: 6944: 6940: 6935: 6925: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6906:shom en nisim 6900: 6896: 6895:Sham en Nisim 6891: 6889: 6879: 6877: 6872: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6854: 6849: 6845: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6818: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6792: 6788: 6779: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6756:Sayed Darwish 6753: 6748: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6718: 6713: 6703: 6699: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6674: 6670: 6663: 6659: 6654: 6644: 6642: 6638: 6633: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6604: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6573: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6559:ancient Egypt 6553:in Literature 6552: 6548: 6544: 6539: 6529: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6486: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6471:Egyptian blue 6468: 6462: 6455: 6454: 6448: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6420:Salama Moussa 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6392: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6361:Enlightenment 6358: 6354: 6349: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6327: 6323: 6322:Al-Azhar Park 6319: 6315: 6310: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6264: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5872:2023 estimate 5857: 5852: 5842: 5840: 5835: 5833: 5829: 5824: 5820: 5814: 5810: 5805: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5771: 5765: 5761: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5740: 5735: 5725: 5723: 5718: 5714: 5709: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5694:Syro-Lebanese 5691: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5670: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5579: 5575: 5570: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5545:Islam is the 5541: 5537: 5532: 5522: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5501:Historically 5499: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5480: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5433:Sa'idi Arabic 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5412: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5373: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5346: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5285:Ethnic groups 5282: 5279: 5276:, 190,550 in 5275: 5272:, 226,850 in 5271: 5268:, 332,600 in 5267: 5263: 5262:Arab Cold War 5258: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5238: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5215: 5210: 5206: 5196: 5193: 5189: 5187: 5183: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5155: 5150: 5140: 5138: 5133: 5088: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5036: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4992: 4983: 4979: 4977: 4970: 4960: 4958: 4953: 4950: 4946: 4941: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4917: 4912: 4902: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4871:Gulf of Aqaba 4867: 4865: 4861: 4856: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4840:Arabian camel 4836: 4831: 4821: 4817: 4815: 4808: 4803: 4799: 4797: 4793: 4788: 4779: 4778:Smart Village 4775: 4771: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4749: 4745: 4740: 4737: 4732: 4730: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4690: 4685: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4563: 4557: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4512: 4508: 4499: 4497: 4492: 4490: 4489:homosexuality 4486: 4482: 4481:Homosexuality 4475: 4470: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4454:The Economist 4450: 4446: 4442: 4441:Mohamed Morsi 4438: 4434: 4429: 4427: 4422: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4399: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4388:death penalty 4385: 4381: 4377: 4368: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4345: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4322: 4321: 4315: 4314:Blasphemy Law 4310: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4297: 4292: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4255: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4242: 4237: 4236: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4191:peace process 4188: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4102: 4098: 4097:Mohamed Morsi 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4081:United States 4072: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4055: 4054:Hosni Mubarak 4051: 4042: 4031: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4011:spy satellite 4007: 4005: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3976: 3972: 3970: 3966: 3961: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3934:Freedom House 3931: 3926: 3924: 3923:public voting 3920: 3916: 3912: 3909: 3905: 3904:Mohamed Morsi 3901: 3896: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3834: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3789: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3775: 3770: 3767: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3714: 3712: 3707: 3705: 3704:Protectorates 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3605: 3603: 3602:Libyan Desert 3599: 3595: 3591: 3582: 3578: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3544: 3539: 3529: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3494: 3489: 3486: 3477: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3445:Hisham Qandil 3442: 3438: 3434: 3433:Mohamed Morsi 3430: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3417: 3416:head of state 3413: 3410:, became the 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3396:Tahrir Square 3393: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3365: 3354: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3299:War on Terror 3296: 3292: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3280:1952 movement 3277: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3215:Hosni Mubarak 3209: 3208:Hosni Mubarak 3205: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3166:United States 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3106: 3096: 3093: 3092:Emergency Law 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3056:Mohamed Fawzi 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3036:confederation 3033: 3029: 3025: 3017: 3013: 3008: 3004: 3003:was restored. 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2937: 2933: 2923: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2832:Miles Lampson 2828: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2813:Saad Zaghloul 2810: 2806: 2805:parliamentary 2802: 2798: 2794: 2793:King of Egypt 2790: 2786: 2782: 2781:UK government 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2750: 2745: 2741: 2739: 2735: 2734:Hussein Kamel 2731: 2727: 2719: 2714: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2694: 2690: 2680: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2594: 2593:civil service 2590: 2586: 2582: 2579:(1820–1824), 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2542: 2539:of Egypt and 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2518: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2503:Ottoman Turks 2500: 2496: 2492: 2489:until it was 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2467:Ottoman Turks 2460: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2399: 2398:Dawoodi Bohra 2395: 2392:in Cairo, of 2391: 2386: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2356: 2353:in Cairo, of 2352: 2347: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2321:Amr ibn al-As 2318: 2314: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2267: 2266:Amr ibn al-As 2262: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2236:New Testament 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2204:Cleopatra VII 2201: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2157:Cleopatra VII 2153: 2148: 2144: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2094:. The entire 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2058: 2057: 2051: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2014:and his wife 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1939:Amenemhat III 1930: 1926: 1921: 1919: 1918:Giza pyramids 1916: 1912: 1909: 1908:Third Dynasty 1905: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1760:rock carvings 1754:ruins in 1960 1753: 1749: 1744: 1743:Ancient Egypt 1740: 1724: 1721: 1713: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1686:This section 1684: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1655: 1648: 1641: 1634: 1630: 1623: 1616: 1614: 1602: 1594: 1586: 1582: 1580: 1574: 1570: 1563: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1542: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1497: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1448: 1442: 1440: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1405: 1396: 1391: 1380: 1371: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1357: 1351: 1349: 1343: 1339: 1331: 1328:, provided a 1327: 1323: 1319: 1318:Ancient Greek 1316:". Prominent 1315: 1310: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1270:"Egypte" and 1269: 1268:Middle French 1258: 1253: 1252:Ancient Greek 1243: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1228:African Union 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1128:Mohamed Morsi 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1112:Hosni Mubarak 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 1001:Ancient Egypt 998: 994: 989: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 954:Gulf of Aqaba 951: 947: 943: 939: 936:to the east, 935: 931: 930:the northeast 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 896:spanning the 895: 891: 886: 877: 872: 864: 860: 847: 842: 840: 837: 836: 834: 832: 828: 825: 822: 820: 819:ISO 3166 code 816: 813: 810: 808: 804: 800: 798: 794: 789: 785: 781: 775: 771: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 746: 742: 738: 722: 716: 712: 697: 691: 687: 683: 680:$ 3,225 ( 674: 668: 664: 655: 649: 645: 639: 635: 631: 622: 616: 612: 603: 597: 593: 589: 583: 579: 575: 571: 565: 556: 550: 546: 537: 531: 528: 524: 520: 514: 510: 506: 500: 497: 493: 489: 485: 482: 476: 472: 466: 462: 459: 453: 449: 446: 441: 435: 431: 427: 421: 417: 414: 410: 404: 400: 397: 396:Arab conquest 391: 387: 384: 378: 371: 368: 360: 356: 353:Establishment 351: 348: 345: 342: 336: 333: 330: 327: 321: 318: 315: 311: 307: 304: 301: 298: 292: 289: 286: 283: 277: 273: 269: 268:authoritarian 265: 261: 259: 255: 252: 249: 247: 243: 240: 239: 234: 230: 227: 224: 222: 218: 215: 212: 208: 203: 174: 171: 164: 160: 155: 114: 110: 106: 100: 94: 86: 80: 72: 65: 57: 40: 37: 33: 19: 23405: 23282:Organization 22904: 22840:Burkina Faso 22690:Demographics 22580:Declarations 22413:Turkmenistan 22373:Sierra Leone 22363:Saudi Arabia 22215: 22186:Burkina Faso 21926:Turkmenistan 21853:Saudi Arabia 21774: 21512:Beijing 2012 21436:Sierra Leone 21350: 21321:Burkina Faso 21202: 21010:Fidel Castro 20987: 20628:Institutions 20606:Demographics 20473:Saudi Arabia 20417: 20341:Headquarters 20232: 20220: 20135:Kastellorizo 20014:Turkmenistan 19979:Saudi Arabia 19848: 19729: 19717: 19559:Îles Éparses 19449:South Africa 19439:Sierra Leone 19292: 19243:Burkina Faso 19122:Saudi Arabia 19069: 18990:Thracian Sea 18975:Sea of Crete 18970:Ligurian Sea 18950:Balearic Sea 18935:Adriatic Sea 18881:Dependencies 18772: 18611:Demographics 18591:Human rights 18495:Saudi Arabia 18480: 18474: 18467: 18455: 18412: 18346: 18343: 18340: 18334: 18331: 18328: 18325: 18318: 18291:Aouzou Strip 18223: 18034: 17998:North Africa 17768:Coat of arms 17738:Architecture 17627:Christianity 17607:Prostitution 17553:Human rights 17512:Abaza family 17500:Universities 17465:Demographics 17418:Billionaires 17062:Constitution 17057:Conscription 17040:Governorates 16921:Halfaya Pass 16791:1954–present 16751:Constitution 16706:2010s Crisis 16618:World War II 16580:Urabi revolt 16497:Islamization 16431:31st Dynasty 16426:27th Dynasty 16369: 16327: 16326: 16268: 16254: 16208: 16189: 16188: 16159: 16158: 16140:. 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London. 14340:5 November 14279:1 December 14068:8 February 13696:8 February 13665:8 February 13572:8 December 13463:2 February 13432:1 February 13399:1 February 13178:24 October 13078:5 December 13068:Al-Jazeera 13048:5 December 12923:4 December 12782:30 January 12715:1 February 12689:8 February 12663:1 February 12637:1 February 12605:1 February 12579:8 February 12553:8 February 12527:8 February 12501:19 January 12490:BBC Online 12457:8 February 12431:8 February 12364:. UNICEF. 12125:17 October 12094:17 October 12027:Yahoo News 11910:18 October 11879:18 October 11502:14 October 11291:9 December 11265:9 December 11233:8 December 11123:3 November 11015:3 November 10983:1 February 10774:18 January 10536:7 December 10507:8 December 10476:8 December 10438:. London. 10290:8 February 10083:8 February 10053:3 November 10023:3 November 9993:3 November 9963:8 February 9930:8 February 9904:8 February 9874:8 February 9843:3 November 9817:8 February 9665:3 November 9509:2 February 9301:2 February 9212:29 January 8983:8 February 8914:8 February 8773:. Austin: 8626:3 November 8258:inter alia 8086:25 October 8026:World Bank 7897:13 October 7654:2 November 7644:Al Jazeera 7353:sis.gov.eg 7329:References 7288:distorted. 7162:including 7059:Olympics. 7017:A.C. Milan 7009:Zamalek SC 6903:Ϭⲱⲙ‘ⲛⲛⲓⲥⲓⲙ 6692:Arab world 6673:Soad Hosny 6641:Arab World 6614:(Fagumi), 6532:Literature 6502:Abu Simbel 6459:See also: 6436:secularism 6416:Qasim Amin 6412:Louis Awad 6391:of Egypt. 6369:Egyptology 6003:Alexandria 5998:Alexandria 5935:Alexandria 5849:See also: 5690:Protestant 5669:in Sinai. 5665:on a Sufi 5551:Arab world 5329:, and the 5327:Siwa Oasis 5317:-speaking 5255:Bangladesh 5161:The piped 5045:Suez Canal 5039:Suez Canal 4899:Marsa Alam 4807:Suez Canal 4718:Nile River 4647:New Valley 4571:Alexandria 4529:about the 4348:See also: 4303:referendum 4246:served as 4114:Republican 4019:EgyptSat 2 4015:EgyptSat 1 4004:deep state 3837:Government 3620:Alexandria 3594:sand dunes 3575:Suez Canal 3518:referendum 3452:assembly. 3284:Ayman Nour 3190:Arab world 3154:his period 3086:since the 3080:Gaza Strip 3012:Suez Canal 3001:status quo 2919:Kafr Dawar 2856:Wafd Party 2765:Wafd Party 2718:El Alamein 2637:Suez Canal 2497:forces of 2425:Circassian 2224:Diocletian 2188:Alexandria 2028:monotheism 2004:Hatshepsut 1782:-grinding 1762:along the 1698:relocating 1551:Nile flood 1430:Metropolis 1388:") is the 1322:Geographer 1092:Gaza Strip 1044:a monarchy 993:Nile Delta 984:, and the 974:Alexandria 918:Gaza Strip 703: 31.5 562:94,798,827 527:Population 317:Parliament 258:Government 246:Demonym(s) 123:(English: 23424:26°N 30°E 23203:Louisiana 23198:Lithuania 23143:Argentina 23136:Observers 22985:Mauritius 22734:Education 22466:Countries 22458:Observers 22442:Suspended 22353:Palestine 22246:Indonesia 21866:Sri Lanka 21258:Venezuela 21253:Sri Lanka 21213:Indonesia 21188:Argentina 20958:Indonesia 20809:NAM Youth 20764:Structure 20744:Sri Lanka 20568:Diplomacy 20539:Venezuela 20512:Observers 20463:Palestine 20336:Geography 20188:Hong Kong 20107:Australia 20096:Dependent 20075:Palestine 19989:Sri Lanka 19984:Singapore 19864:Indonesia 19541:Dependent 19389:Mauritius 18902:Gibraltar 18871:Palestine 18672:Etiquette 18557:Democracy 18482:West Bank 18468:Palestine 18395:Countries 18242:Bir Tawil 18177:Alhucemas 17839:Magazines 17829:Egyptians 17664:Ahmadiyya 17575:Languages 17541:Hospitals 17475:Education 17342:Transport 17301:Aswan Dam 17229:Companies 17170:Terrorism 17136:President 17099:Massacres 17089:Judiciary 17067:Elections 16936:Mountains 16865:Geography 16843:Port Said 16786:1939–1954 16781:1928–1938 16736:Anarchism 16679:Sadat era 16623:Sultanate 16570:Khedivate 16470:Christian 16438:Ptolemaic 16198:from the 16002:25 August 15791:144015456 15783:0016-5492 15742:4 October 15701:25 August 15566:21 August 15482:21 August 15455:25 August 15351:25 August 15227:ignored ( 15217:cite book 14772:26 August 14553:6 January 14367:17 August 14216:cite book 14208:650606660 14177:1369-183X 14120:159943632 14112:1353-0194 14042:25 August 14015:25 August 13838:24 August 13628:Gulf News 13546:21 August 13519:25 August 13492:25 August 13427:0013-0613 13389:0013-0613 13151:pewglobal 12813:19 August 12571:. ANHRI. 12251:Routledge 12230:8 October 12037:8 October 12006:8 October 11976:8 October 11939:0362-4331 11826:8 October 11795:8 October 11762:26 August 11180:25 August 11154:26 August 9657:. Egypt. 8868:(1991) . 8648:25 August 8569:21 August 8503:21 August 7592:4 January 7533:203513334 7525:0022-3816 7075:Ali Farag 6971:molokhiya 6914:Paremoude 6882:Festivals 6855:of Cairo. 6733:Egyptians 6367:a native 6218:New Cairo 6105:Port Said 6100:Port Said 6075:1,275,700 6041:4,458,135 6007:5,362,517 5952:9,801,536 5728:Education 5717:Ahmadiyya 5635:Ahmadiyya 5405:Languages 5325:) of the 5291:Egyptians 5209:Egyptians 5182:diarrhoea 4963:Transport 4873:beaches, 4770:by 2006. 4639:Beni Suef 4591:Port Said 3965:Islamists 3868:Elections 3774:Aswan Dam 3766:Khamaseen 3660:Port Said 3532:Geography 3501:elections 3307:pharaonic 3152:. During 2893:, led by 2632:Khedivate 2561:massacred 2232:Byzantine 2202:line was 2200:Ptolemaic 2163:, at the 2161:Caesarion 2066:, led by 2044:Assyrians 2016:Nefertiti 2012:Akhenaten 1815:Neolithic 1599:) in the 1456:Mitsráyīm 1132:overthrow 1031:in 1867. 1029:Khedivate 942:the south 922:Palestine 914:the north 797:Drives on 759:Time zone 642:(nominal) 282:President 266:under an 232:Religion 23389:Category 23345:TV5Monde 23269:Thailand 23238:Slovenia 23233:Slovakia 22900:Dominica 22895:Djibouti 22855:Cameroon 22850:Cambodia 22835:Bulgaria 22618:Sessions 22496:Thailand 22388:Suriname 22341:Pakistan 22301:Maldives 22296:Malaysia 22211:Djibouti 22196:Cameroon 22029:See also 21801:Maldives 21762:Cambodia 21699:Mongolia 21636:Pakistan 21346:Djibouti 21263:Zimbabwe 21233:Malaysia 20937:Founders 20749:Tanzania 20413:Djibouti 20351:Military 20313:Politics 20222:Category 20065:Abkhazia 20004:Thailand 19959:Pakistan 19939:Mongolia 19934:Maldives 19929:Malaysia 19829:Cambodia 19719:Category 19637:Portugal 19489:Zimbabwe 19464:Tanzania 19314:Ethiopia 19309:Eswatini 19288:Djibouti 19253:Cameroon 19238:Botswana 19096:Ethiopia 19057:Djibouti 18828:Slovenia 18634:Religion 18624:Genetics 18579:Timeline 18197:Portugal 17912:Category 17876:Olympics 17812:Football 17644:Hinduism 17612:Religion 17519:Feminism 17507:Families 17470:Diaspora 17433:Censuses 17423:Cannabis 17408:Abortion 17352:Airports 17347:Airlines 17323:Internet 17126:Passport 17104:Military 17077:Missions 17024:Politics 17005:Wildlife 16729:By topic 16642:Republic 16477:Sassanid 16265:template 16242:Archived 16200:BBC News 16142:7 August 16108:Archived 16082:Archived 16062:22 March 16056:Archived 16026:Archived 15996:Archived 15992:BBC News 15966:Archived 15906:Archived 15838:Archived 15695:Archived 15669:Archived 15643:Archived 15639:BBC News 15535:archived 15476:Archived 15423:Archived 15397:Archived 15345:Archived 15311:"Health" 15260:Archived 15258:. 2020. 15201:Archived 15154:Archived 15077:Statista 15052:Statista 15026:Archived 15000:Archived 14917:Archived 14876:Archived 14844:cite web 14766:Archived 14733:Archived 14679:Archived 14652:Archived 14626:Archived 14547:Archived 14439:Archived 14413:Archived 14334:Archived 14273:Archived 14248:Archived 14185:73675854 14062:Archived 14009:Archived 14005:BBC News 13985:27 April 13979:Archived 13921:6 August 13915:Archived 13894:6 August 13888:Archived 13868:1 August 13862:Archived 13806:Archived 13750:Archived 13717:Archived 13632:Archived 13566:Archived 13486:Archived 13457:Archived 13393:Archived 13360:Archived 13342:11 April 13336:Archived 13316:11 April 13310:Archived 13252:Archived 13222:Archived 13197:Archived 13144:Archived 13120:Archived 13098:BBC News 13072:Archived 13042:Archived 13012:Archived 12983:Archived 12963:Archived 12917:Archived 12887:Archived 12832:Archived 12742:Archived 12709:Archived 12683:Archived 12657:Archived 12573:Archived 12495:Archived 12451:Archived 12425:Archived 12399:Archived 12395:BBC News 12366:Archived 12337:Archived 12333:BBC News 12307:Archived 12276:Archived 12224:Archived 12198:Archived 12144:Archived 12119:Archived 12088:Archived 12056:Archived 12031:Archived 12000:Archived 11943:Archived 11904:Archived 11873:Archived 11847:Archived 11820:Archived 11786:Archived 11756:Archived 11726:Archived 11700:18 April 11694:Archived 11648:Archived 11617:Archived 11531:Archived 11496:Archived 11469:Archived 11439:Archived 11435:Al-Ahram 11409:Archived 11379:Archived 11353:Archived 11333:16 April 11327:Archived 11285:Archived 11256:Archived 11227:Archived 11201:Archived 11174:Archived 11148:Archived 11117:Archived 11078:Archived 11074:BBC News 11048:Archived 11006:Archived 10798:Archived 10768:Archived 10712:Archived 10682:Archived 10652:Archived 10622:Archived 10618:ABC News 10592:Archived 10561:Archived 10530:Archived 10501:Archived 10470:Archived 10440:Archived 10407:Archived 10403:BBC News 10377:Archived 10340:Archived 10310:Archived 10284:Archived 10253:Archived 10222:Archived 10193:Archived 10167:Archived 10134:Archived 10108:Archived 10077:Archived 10047:Archived 10043:BBC News 10017:Archived 10013:BBC News 9987:Archived 9983:BBC News 9957:Archived 9898:Archived 9755:Archived 9737:(2002). 9718:Archived 9659:Archived 9587:Archived 9533:Archived 9503:Archived 9473:Archived 9386:(2004). 9359:Archived 9325:Archived 9295:Archived 9260:Archived 9206:Archived 9072:Archived 8977:Archived 8947:Archived 8908:Archived 8658:cite web 8620:Archived 8497:Archived 8471:Archived 8428:Archived 8380:Archived 8307:Archived 8281:Archived 8244:locative 8179:Il-Malti 8151:26863322 8145:: 1–30, 8105:Archived 8080:Archived 8037:1 August 8031:Archived 7984:Archived 7959:13 March 7950:Archived 7917:Archived 7888:Archived 7789:Archived 7760:Archived 7721:Archived 7687:Archived 7648:Archived 7617:Archived 7586:Archived 7584:. 2019. 7556:Archived 7482:Archived 7458:26 April 7452:Archived 7448:Al Ahram 7422:19 March 7416:Archived 7392:15 April 7386:Archived 7366:13 April 7357:Archived 7318:Al Ahram 7266:. Other 7205:See also 7174:and the 7124:and the 7055:and the 6993:Football 6924:Sunday. 6867:and the 6839:of Cairo 6772:Amr Diab 6743:, which 6597:feminist 6479:pyramids 6475:Pharaohs 6385:language 6295:298,021 6261:312,863 6257:Damietta 6252:Damietta 6227:319,488 6193:329,572 6184:Damanhur 6173:Dakahlia 6168:Mansoura 6159:376,302 6125:401,890 6091:450,388 6087:Ismailia 6082:Ismailia 6071:Qalyubia 6057:460,501 6023:502,864 6019:Qalyubia 5968:531,861 5647:minarets 5592:. Under 5525:Religion 5503:Egyptian 5477:Tigrigna 5465:Armenian 5455:(0.1%), 5451:(0.3%), 5447:(0.3%), 5443:(0.6%), 5439:(1.6%), 5358:Ethiopia 5350:Sudanese 5243:fellahin 5235:Napoleon 5033:EgyptAir 4997:EgyptAir 4895:Ras Sidr 4883:Hurghada 4792:Etisalat 4615:Ismailia 4607:Qalyubia 4587:Damietta 4583:Dakahlia 4523:arrested 4227:and the 4189:and the 4178:1973 war 3932:report, 3746:Damietta 3684:Bahariya 3682:include 3652:Kom Ombo 3644:Hurghada 3522:election 3506:election 3414:interim 3412:de facto 3249:Islamist 3158:Cold War 3084:occupied 3078:and the 2907:Fouad II 2763:and the 2730:Abbas II 2672:de facto 2589:Anatolia 2557:Albanian 2499:Napoleon 2296:brought 2212:Octavian 2210:, after 2076:Pelusium 2000:Pharaohs 1955:Ahmose I 1913:and the 1904:pyramids 1895:period, 1885:language 1877:religion 1823:Badarian 1798:. Early 1657:⟩ 1651:⟨ 1647:Ta-Mehew 1643:⟩ 1637:⟨ 1625:⟩ 1619:⟨ 1565:⟩ 1559:⟨ 1476:Akkadian 1342:compound 1336:Αἴγυπτος 1282:Linear B 1277:Aegyptus 1266:"), via 1263:Αἴγυπτος 1257:Aígyptos 1194:, and a 1190:and the 1098:, which 1088:occupied 1052:republic 1036:occupied 1007:, later 972:, while 950:the west 900:and the 744:Currency 262:Unitary 251:Egyptian 23359:Related 23308:Culture 23253:Uruguay 23248:Ukraine 23223:Ontario 23183:Ireland 23178:Hungary 23173:Georgia 23158:Croatia 23148:Austria 23065:Vietnam 23060:Vanuatu 23055:Tunisia 23035:Senegal 23015:Romania 23000:Morocco 22990:Moldova 22955:Lebanon 22880:Comoros 22845:Burundi 22825:Belgium 22820:Armenia 22815:Andorra 22810:Albania 22803:Members 22795:Members 22717:Imports 22712:Exports 22697:Economy 22662:Seventh 22573:History 22403:Tunisia 22378:Somalia 22368:Senegal 22331:Nigeria 22316:Morocco 22286:Lebanon 22206:Comoros 22171:Bahrain 22161:Algeria 22156:Albania 22144:Members 22066:Russian 22061:Chinese 21955:Algeria 21814:Myanmar 21749:Bahrain 21723:Armenia 21558:Belarus 21505:Summits 21456:Tunisia 21441:Somalia 21431:Senegal 21421:Nigeria 21411:Morocco 21391:Liberia 21356:Eritrea 21341:Comoros 21248:Senegal 21243:Nigeria 21223:Jamaica 21183:Algeria 21176:Members 21090:Summits 20954:Sukarno 20850:Summits 20708:Members 20611:Economy 20529:Eritrea 20519:Armenia 20493:Tunisia 20478:Somalia 20453:Morocco 20438:Lebanon 20408:Comoros 20403:Bahrain 20398:Algeria 20390:Members 20346:History 20326:Council 20321:Charter 20029:Vietnam 19944:Myanmar 19924:Lebanon 19854:Georgia 19809:Bahrain 19799:Armenia 19696:Socotra 19675:Melilla 19644:Madeira 19607:Réunion 19602:Mayotte 19474:Tunisia 19444:Somalia 19429:Senegal 19414:Nigeria 19404:Namibia 19394:Morocco 19359:Liberia 19354:Lesotho 19304:Eritrea 19273:Comoros 19248:Burundi 19223:Algeria 19135:Somalia 19083:Eritrea 19038:Red Sea 18917:(Spain) 18914:Melilla 18843:Tunisia 18823:Morocco 18798:Lebanon 18763:Croatia 18753:Algeria 18748:Albania 18689:Studies 18667:Cuisine 18650:Culture 18574:History 18562:Economy 18545:Society 18450:Lebanon 18403:Bahrain 18304:Perejil 18279:Morocco 18205:Madeira 18172:Alboran 18167:Melilla 18131:Morocco 18087:Tunisia 18061:Morocco 18022:Algeria 17942:Commons 17861:Museums 17805:regions 17773:Cuisine 17758:Castles 17730:Culture 17700:Smoking 17681:Judaism 17669:Mosques 17548:Housing 17495:Schools 17401:General 17390:Society 17330:Tourism 17259:Fishing 17217:Banking 17201:Economy 16926:Islands 16916:Geology 16911:Fossils 16896:Deserts 16891:Climate 16881:Borders 16827:By city 16813:Saladin 16761:Genetic 16741:Capital 16628:Kingdom 16543:Ottoman 16409:Ancient 16384:History 16267:below ( 16257:project 16190:General 15243:"EGYPT" 14594:"Egypt" 14523:25 July 14461:"Egypt" 14435:"Egypt" 14419:5 March 13802:Reuters 13742:"Egypt" 13723:18 June 13686:Reuters 13638:18 June 13607:21 July 13018:30 July 12913:hrw.org 12772:Reuters 12748:24 June 12282:23 June 11996:Reuters 11900:Reuters 11853:23 June 11845:. BBC. 11816:Reuters 11654:23 June 11540:3 March 11475:3 March 11461:"Egypt" 11415:28 July 11385:2 April 11207:18 June 11084:20 June 10959:Reuters 10886:Reuters 10748:29 July 10738:Reuters 10718:29 July 10688:29 July 10658:29 July 10628:29 July 10199:5 March 10173:5 March 9593:20 June 9479:20 June 9293:. CIA. 9287:"Egypt" 9121:, p. 2. 8953:21 June 8880:243–244 8802:"Egypt" 8477:9 April 8225:31 July 8156:31 July 7861:13 June 7727:5 March 7693:20 June 7562:25 July 7262:is the 7154:in the 7005:Al Ahly 6967:falafel 6955:kushari 6943:Kushari 6928:Cuisine 6918:Pashons 6821:Museums 6791:Tanoura 6494:Imhotep 6483:temples 6432:liberal 6381:history 6377:Maqrizi 6303:Culture 6279:562,061 6245:597,694 6241:Gharbia 6211:614,202 6207:Gharbia 6189:Beheira 6177:632,330 6143:716,458 6109:791,749 6053:Sharqia 6048:Zagazig 5672:Of the 5657:, with 5561:in the 5496:Italian 5484:English 5473:Amharic 5469:Italian 5435:(29%), 5431:(68%), 5370:Eritrea 5362:Somalia 5323:Amazigh 5307:Bedouin 5289:Ethnic 5127:⁄ 5113:⁄ 5099:⁄ 5082:⁄ 4824:Tourism 4678:Economy 4655:Red Sea 4611:Sharqia 4603:Monufia 4599:Gharbia 4575:Beheira 4567:Matrouh 4445:removal 4415:Ahmadis 4281:Islamic 4149:of the 4119:as the 3908:General 3740:March. 3717:Climate 3692:Farafra 3672:Zagazig 3499:In the 3470:removed 3291:torture 3251:group, 3170:Infitah 3164:to the 2944:by the 2850:in the 2617:Isma'il 2609:Abbas I 2605:Ibrahim 2565:dynasty 2537:Khedive 2507:Mamluks 2493:by the 2491:invaded 2487:Mamluks 2483:Mamluks 2479:Sultans 2459:Lejeune 2417:Mamluks 2371:Baghdad 2362:Abbasid 2340:Baghdad 2288:by the 2230:to the 2092:satrapy 2080:pharaoh 2040:Nubians 2036:Libyans 2032:Atenism 1963:Memphis 1808:society 1804:economy 1784:culture 1776:fishers 1663:History 1640:tꜣ-šmꜥw 1579:K(h)ēmə 1555:deshret 1547:fertile 1422:Semitic 1419:Ancient 1287:gyptios 1157:is the 1038:by the 934:Red Sea 904:in the 892:, is a 735: ( 479:• 456:• 438:• 424:• 407:• 401:639–642 394:• 383:Memphis 375:3150 BC 339:• 324:• 295:• 280:• 185:31°13′E 166:Capital 111: " 109:Anthem: 23429:26; 30 23228:Poland 23208:Mexico 23193:Latvia 23188:Kosovo 23122:Serbia 23117:Cyprus 23107:Gambia 23091:Quebec 23020:Rwanda 22995:Monaco 22930:Guinea 22925:Greece 22915:France 22860:Canada 22667:Eighth 22647:Fourth 22637:Second 22606:(2010) 22600:(2008) 22594:(1990) 22506:Muslim 22491:Russia 22418:Uganda 22408:Turkey 22276:Kuwait 22266:Jordan 22241:Guyana 22231:Guinea 22226:Gambia 22191:Brunei 22017: 22004: 21994:Israel 21991: 21978: 21965: 21952: 21923: 21901:Guests 21889: 21879:Turkey 21876: 21863: 21850: 21837: 21824: 21811: 21798: 21788:Kuwait 21785: 21772: 21759: 21746: 21733: 21720: 21696: 21672: 21659: 21649:Russia 21646: 21633: 21620: 21607: 21594: 21581: 21568: 21555: 21371:Guinea 21361:Gambia 21238:Mexico 21193:Brazil 20998:People 20771:Bureau 20717:Cyprus 20524:Brazil 20433:Kuwait 20428:Jordan 20128:Greece 20085:Taiwan 20009:Turkey 19974:Russia 19909:Kuwait 19889:Jordan 19879:Israel 19839:Cyprus 19824:Brunei 19819:Bhutan 19595:France 19552:France 19484:Zambia 19479:Uganda 19419:Rwanda 19374:Malawi 19334:Guinea 19228:Angola 19207:Africa 19158: 19145: 19132: 19119: 19109:Jordan 19106: 19093: 19080: 19067: 19054: 18848:Turkey 18813:Monaco 18788:Israel 18783:Greece 18778:France 18768:Cyprus 18662:Cinema 18567:Energy 18517:Turkey 18445:Kuwait 18440:Jordan 18435:Israel 18408:Cyprus 18084: 18071: 18058: 18045: 18032: 18019: 17922:Portal 17763:Cinema 17617:Baháʼí 17531:Health 17279:Mining 17249:Energy 16973:Rivers 16886:Cities 16808:Postal 16589:Modern 16534:Mamluk 16492:Fustat 16482:Muslim 16414:topics 16372:topics 16284:Curlie 16270:Curlie 16114:9 June 16088:9 June 15946:31 May 15886: 15789: 15781: 15589: 15193: 15146: 15082:7 July 15057:7 July 15032:4 June 14975:23 May 14943: 14882:6 July 14834:6 July 14798:7 July 14739:6 July 14710: 14685:6 July 14658:6 July 14576: 14445:15 May 14393:7 July 14206: 14183: 14175: 14133:7 July 14118: 14110: 13812:1 July 13782:6 July 13425: 13387: 13283: 13258:10 May 13228:10 May 13126:13 May 12177: 11937: 11040: 10830:3 June 10567:3 July 9747: 9629: 9611:, 1995 9579: 9465: 9429: 9400: 9252: 9139: 9101: 9064: 9037: 9009: 8939: 8886: 8781: 8752: 8724: 8691: 8598: 8528: 8434:28 May 8420: 8352: 8305:: 84. 8278:no. 24 8270:p. 128 8216: 8149: 8119: 7990:13 May 7795:8 July 7752: 7679: 7531: 7523: 7279:While 7170:, the 7116:, the 7090:hosted 7067:tennis 7063:Squash 6977:Sports 6922:Easter 6899:Coptic 6782:Dances 6745:Osiris 6737:Hathor 6647:Cinema 6572:Zaynab 6524:. The 6498:Sphinx 6496:, the 6373:Suyuti 6342:Arabic 6014:Khusus 5964:Faiyum 5959:Faiyum 5863: 5860: 5798:Health 5720:cards 5704:, and 5684:, the 5667:mosque 5655:orders 5639:Salafi 5602:Sharia 5576:; the 5492:German 5488:French 5449:Nobiin 5445:Domari 5423:. The 5368:, and 5343:Faiyum 5331:Nubian 5315:Berber 5313:, the 5303:Greeks 5295:Abazas 5278:Kuwait 5274:Jordan 5071:Africa 5063:Europe 5027:, and 5021:Africa 5017:Europe 4927:, and 4905:Energy 4875:Safaga 4846:. The 4704:, the 4623:Faiyum 4356:, and 4318:tried 4214:Turkey 4199:Israel 4132:Russia 4063:Bottom 3936:rated 3750:Baltim 3696:Kharga 3688:Dakhla 3674:; and 3598:Sahara 3439:, was 3378:Bottom 3341:, and 3121:, 1973 3065:Nasser 3052:Nasser 2789:Fuad I 2755:After 2751:, 1919 2708:, 1932 2600:corvée 2585:Arabia 2569:cotton 2495:French 2475:famine 2451:Mamluk 2415:, the 2332:Fustat 2313:caliph 2290:Muslim 2184:Cyrene 1996:Levant 1988:Tombos 1967:Thebes 1951:Avaris 1947:Hyksos 1827:Naqada 1821:. 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