Clergy - Knowledge

2077: 140: 2389: 4557: 4975:(cantor) has existed as well. Cantors have sometimes been the only functionaries of a synagogue, empowered to undertake religio-civil functions like witnessing marriages. Cantors do provide leadership of actual services, primarily because of their training and expertise in the music and prayer rituals pertaining to them, rather than because of any spiritual or "sacramental" distinction between them and the laity. Cantors as much as rabbis have been recognized by civil authorities in the United States as clergy for legal purposes, mostly for awarding education degrees and their ability to perform weddings, and certify births and deaths. 2060: 589:. In these ways, manual labour was introduced to a practice where monks originally survived on alms; layers of garments were added where originally a single thin robe sufficed; etc. This adaptation of form and roles of Buddhist monastic practice continued after the transmission to Japan. For example, monks took on administrative functions for the Emperor in particular secular communities (registering births, marriages, deaths), thereby creating Buddhist 'priests'. Again, in response to various historic attempts to suppress Buddhism (most recently during the 514: 911: 1033: 5090:, both men and women are ordained as rabbis and cantors. Conservative Judaism differs with Orthodoxy in that it sees Jewish Law as binding but also as subject to many interpretations, including more liberal interpretations. Academic requirements for becoming a rabbi are rigorous. First earn a bachelor's degree before entering rabbinical school. Studies are mandated in pastoral care and psychology, the historical development of Judaism and most importantly the academic study of Bible, Talmud and 1083: 4996:, states, "...there is no halachic prescription against female mohels, none exist in the Orthodox world, where the preference is that the task be undertaken by a Jewish man.". In many places, mohalim are also licensed by civil authorities, as circumcision is technically a surgical procedure. Kohanim, who must avoid contact with dead human body parts (such as the removed foreskin) for ritual purity, cannot act as mohalim, but some mohalim are also either rabbis or cantors. 5074:, often translated in English as "Grand Rabbi". The office of Rebbe is generally a hereditary one, but may also be passed from Rebbe to student or by recognition of a congregation conferring a sort of coronation to their new Rebbe. Although one does not need to be an ordained Rabbi to be a Rebbe, most Rebbes today are ordained Rabbis. Since one does not need to be an ordained rabbi to be a Rebbe, at some points in history there were female Rebbes as well, particularly the 1048: 13087: 11794: 1110: 4859: 11804: 662:

job in addition to their role in the Buddhist community. There is also a growing realization that traditional training in ritual and meditation as well as philosophy may not be sufficient to meet the needs and expectations of American lay people. Some communities have begun exploring the need for training in counseling skills as well. Along these lines, at least two fully accredited Master of Divinity programs are currently available: one at

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even their city-dwelling counterparts, who may be involved primarily in teaching, the study of scripture, and the administration of the nationally organized (and government sponsored) Sangha. In the Zen traditions of China, Korea and Japan, manual labor is an important part of religious discipline; meanwhile, in the Theravada tradition, prohibitions against monks working as laborers and farmers continue to be generally observed.

4081: 3809: 4306:, and their responsibilities extended well beyond spiritual leadership, encompassing government administration, education, and the implementation of government policies. Government administration was organized around the church's parishes. In rural parishes the parish priest tended to be the foremost government official. In more important parishes or cities a bishop or governor would outrank parish priests. 4955: 4261: 4667: 4911:. The leadership of a Jewish congregation is, in fact, in the hands of the laity: the president of a synagogue is its actual leader and any adult male Jew (or adult Jew in non-traditional congregations) can lead prayer services. The rabbi is not an occupation found in the Torah; the first time this word is mentioned is in the 6292: 4984:, people specially trained by experts in Jewish law and usually also by medical professionals to perform the ritual of circumcision. Traditional Orthodox Judaism does not generally license women as mohelot, unless a Jewish male expert is absent, but other movements of Judaism do. They are appropriately called 4459:

sense; there is no institution resembling the Christian priesthood. Islamic religious leaders do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and God", have "process of ordination", nor "sacramental functions". They have been said to resemble more rabbis, serving as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and

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marriage of clergy following divorce or widowhood is forbidden. Married clergy are considered as best-suited to staff parishes, as a priest with a family is thought better qualified to counsel his flock. It has been common practice in the Russian tradition for unmarried, non-monastic clergy to occupy

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Being a deacon, priest or bishop is considered a function of the person and not a job. When priests retire they are still priests even if they no longer have any active ministry. However, they only hold the basic rank after retirement. Thus a retired archbishop can only be considered a bishop (though

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Types of clerics are distinguished from offices, even when the latter are commonly or exclusively occupied by clerics. A Roman Catholic cardinal, for instance, is almost without exception a cleric, but a cardinal is not a type of cleric. An archbishop is not a distinct type of cleric, but is simply a

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In the Methodist Churches, candidates for ordination are "licensed" to the ministry for a period of time (typically one to three years) prior to being ordained. This period typically is spent performing the duties of ministry under the guidance, supervision, and evaluation of a more senior, ordained

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were wiped out; each member of the tribe, a Kohen had priestly duties, many of which centered around the sacrificial duties, atonement and blessings of the Israelite nation. Today, Jewish Kohanim know their status by family tradition, and still offer the priestly blessing during certain services in

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in that priesthood, which is concerned with spiritual leadership of the church. Although the term "clergy" is not typically used in the LDS Church, it would most appropriately apply to local bishops and stake presidents. Merely holding an office in the priesthood does not imply authority over other

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priests of the Japanese diaspora serve a role very similar to Protestant ministers of the Christian tradition. Meanwhile, reclusive Theravada forest monks in Thailand live a life devoted to meditation and the practice of austerities in small communities in rural Thailand- a very different life from

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lineages of Southeast Asia died out during the 14th-15th Century AD. As there is some debate about whether the bhikkhuni lineage (in the more expansive Vinaya forms) was transmitted to Tibet, the status and future of female Buddhist clergy in this tradition is sometimes disputed by strict adherents

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have confirmed this exception; the studies also took the results of several earlier studies into consideration and included Roman Catholic priests nationwide. It remains unclear whether American clergy in other religious traditions experience the same symptoms, or whether clergy outside the United

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do not maintain the traditional requirements for study as rooted in Jewish Law and traditionalist text. Both men and women may be rabbis or cantors. The rabbinical seminaries of these movements hold that one must first earn a bachelor's degree before entering the rabbinate. In addition studies are

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in most, which is a group of dioceses. A parish (generally a single church) is looked after by one or more priests, although one priest may be responsible for several parishes. New clergy are first ordained as deacons. Those seeking to become priests are usually ordained to the priesthood around a

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Currently in North America, there are both celibate and non-celibate clergy in a variety of Buddhist traditions from around the world. In some cases they are forest dwelling monks of the Theravada tradition and in other cases they are married clergy of a Japanese Zen lineage and may work a secular

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In contemporary Orthodox Judaism, women are usually forbidden from becoming rabbis or cantors. Most Orthodox rabbinical seminaries or yeshivas also require dedication of many years to education, but few require a formal degree from a civil education institution that often define Christian clergy.

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prior to Liturgy, or may take place as a separate service. The blessing of readers and taper-bearers is usually combined into a single service. Subdeacons are ordained during the Little Hours, but the ceremonies surrounding his blessing continue through the Divine Liturgy, specifically during the

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indicates (canon 207) that "y divine institution, there are among the Christian faithful in the Church sacred ministers who in law are also called clerics; the other members of the Christian faithful are called lay persons". This distinction of a separate ministry was formed in the early times of

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for priests, deacons and monks, although there are variations between the various Orthodox Churches. For instance, in Churches associated with the Greek tradition, while the Ecumenical Patriarch is addressed as "Your All-Holiness", all other Patriarchs (and archbishops/metropolitans who oversee

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is a requirement for almost all clergy in the predominant Latin Church, with the exception of deacons who do not intend to become priests. Exceptions are sometimes admitted for ordination to transitional diaconate and priesthood on a case-by-case basis for married clergymen of other churches or

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or elders, teaching (pastor) and ruling (leaders of the congregation which form a council with the pastors). Teaching elders are seminary trained and ordained as a presbyter and set aside on behalf of the whole denomination to the ministry of Word and Sacrament. Ordinarily, teaching elders are

628:) tend to take a much more conservative view of monastic life, and continue to observe precepts that forbid monks from touching women or working in certain secular roles. This broad difference in approach led to a major schism among Buddhist monastics in about the 4th century BCE, creating the 4506:. A scholar's opinions may be valuable to others because of his/her knowledge in religious matters; but such opinions should not generally be considered binding, infallible, or absolute, as the individual Muslim is directly responsible to God for his or her own religious beliefs and practice. 4341:, local churches are free to hire (and often ordain) their own clergy, although the parent denominations typically maintain lists of suitable candidates seeking appointment to local church ministries and encourage local churches to consider these individuals when filling available positions. 4776:. (The lineal succession of guides bears a superficial similarity to Christian ordination and apostolic succession, or to Buddhist dharma transmission; but a Sufi guide is regarded primarily as a specialized teacher and Islam denies the existence of an earthly hierarchy among believers.) 551:

is questioned by some scholars). However, as Buddhism spread geographically over time – encountering different cultures, responding to new social, political, and physical environments – this single form of Buddhist monasticism diversified. The interaction between Buddhism and Tibetan

547:). According to scriptural records, these celibate monks and nuns in the time of the Buddha lived an austere life of meditation, living as wandering beggars for nine months out of the year and remaining in retreat during the rainy season (although such a unified condition of 3999:

to the monastic state, and then elevated to archimandrite, at some point prior to his consecration to the episcopacy. Although not a formal or canonical prerequisite, at present bishops are often required to have earned a university degree, typically but not necessarily in

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traditions are more at risk than the general population of obesity, hypertension and depression. Their life expectancies have fallen in recent years and in the last decade their use of antidepressants has risen. Several religious bodies in the United States

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In Anglicanism all clergy are permitted to marry. In most national churches women may become deacons or priests, but while fifteen out of 38 national churches allow for the consecration of women as bishops, only five have ordained any. Celebration of the

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year later. Since the 1960s some Anglican churches have reinstituted the permanent diaconate, in addition to the transitional diaconate, as a ministry focused on bridges the church and the world, especially ministry to those on the margins of society.

597:, during later Japanese occupation, where celibate and non-celibate monks today exist in the same sects. (Similar patterns can also be observed in Tibet during various historic periods multiple forms of monasticism have co-existed such as " 5110:

mandated in pastoral care and psychology, the historical development of Judaism; and academic biblical criticism. Emphasis is placed not on Jewish law, but rather on sociology, modern Jewish philosophy, theology and pastoral care.

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groups, and the clerical state is acquired, even in those groups, by Holy Orders. In the Latin Church the initial level of the three ranks of Holy Orders is that of the diaconate. In addition to these three orders of clerics, some

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of India is an early instance of a structured body of clergy organized as a separate and hereditary caste, one that occupied the highest social rung of its nation. A modern example of this phenomenon the priestly monarchs of the

4473:, "master"), commonly translated "cleric" in the West and thought to be analogous to "priest" or "rabbi", is a title of address for any educated or respected figure, not even necessarily (though frequently) religious. The title 3990:

Bishops are usually drawn from the ranks of the archimandrites, and are required to be celibate; however, a non-monastic priest may be ordained to the episcopate if he no longer lives with his wife (following Canon XII of the

2306:. The need for this requirement arose because of the trouble caused from the earliest years of the Church by unattached or vagrant clergy subject to no ecclesiastical authority and often causing scandal wherever they went. 5816: 5712: 4334:

installed by a presbytery as pastor of a congregation. Ruling elders, after receiving training, may be commissioned by a presbytery to serve as a pastor of a congregation, as well as preach and administer sacraments.

3361: 5673:"Ministeria quaedam - Disciplina circa Primam Tonsuram, Ordines Minores et Subdiaconatus in Ecclesia Latina innovatur, Litterae Apostolicae Motu Proprio datae, Die 15 m. Augusti a. 1972, Paulus PP.VI - Paulus PP. VI" 3978:—and no more than a single individual can be ordained to the same rank in any one service. Numerous members of the lower clergy may be ordained at the same service, and their blessing usually takes place during the 2836: 2235:, diaconate, presbyterate, and finally the episcopate, which according to Roman Catholic doctrine is "the fullness of Holy Orders". Since 1972 the minor orders and the subdiaconate have been replaced by 576:

Buddhism. Ch'an, like the Tibetan style, further diversified into various sects based upon the transmission style of certain teachers (one of the most well known being the 'rapid enlightenment' style of

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minister. In some denominations, however, licensure is a permanent, rather than a transitional state for ministers assigned to certain specialized ministries, such as music ministry or youth ministry.

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celibacy is optional (such as permanent deacons in the Latin Church) wish to marry, they must do so before ordination. Eastern Catholic Churches while allowing married men to be ordained, do not allow

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of the obligatory congregational prayer at midday every Friday. Although either duty can be performed by anyone who is regarded as qualified by the congregation, at most well-established mosques

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is therefore seen to combine both kingship and priesthood within his or her person, even though he or she is often aided by an actual high priest or priestess (see, for example, the

3181: 5812: 5704: 601:" lamas, and times at which celibacy was relaxed). As these varied styles of Buddhist monasticism are transmitted to Western cultures, still more new forms are being created. 437:, or for those who are tonsured yet have no minor or major orders. It is in this sense that the word entered the Arabic language, most commonly in Lebanon from the French, as 1019:

it is possible to refer to "Bishop John Smith, the former Archbishop of York"), a canon or archdeacon is a priest on retirement and does not hold any additional honorifics.

358:. In the Middle Ages, reading and writing were almost exclusively the domain of the priestly class, and this is the reason for the close relationship of these words. Within 6818: 4283:

However, for practical and historical reasons, Lutheran churches tend to have different roles of pastors or priests, and a clear hierarchy. Some pastors are functioning as

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who takes on special disciplines under the guide's instruction, ranging from an intensive spiritual retreat to voluntary poverty and homelessness, is sometimes known as a

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may be performed by any adult Muslim who is physically able and properly trained. Professional butchers may be employed, but they are not necessary; in the case of the

4144:, some of whom receive modest living allowances. No formal theological training is required for any position. The church believes that all of its leaders are called by 2956: 560:, within which various sects, based upon certain teacher-student lineages arose. Similarly, the interaction between Indian Buddhist monks (particularly of the Southern 6044: 4596:

is a permanent part-time or full-time position. He may be elected by the local community, or appointed by an outside authority – e.g., the national government, or the

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Most of the religious titles associated with Islam are scholastic or academic in nature: they recognize the holder's exemplary knowledge of the theory and practice of

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tradition only recognizes two ordained positions in the church as being the elders (pastors) and deacons as outlined in the third chapter of I Timothy in the Bible.

5944: 3795: 2871: 6219: 4684:, scholars play a more prominent role in the daily lives of Muslims than in Sunni Islam; and there is a hierarchy of higher titles of scholastic authority, such as 6181: 3233: 449:." This is all in keeping with Eastern Orthodox concepts of clergy, which still include those who have not yet received, or do not plan to receive, the diaconate. 2137:, the supreme and universal hierarch of the Church, and his authorization is now required for the ordination of all Roman Catholic bishops. With rare exceptions, 6276: 2876: 4604:

is recognition as someone of sufficient learning and virtue to perform both duties on a regular basis, and to instruct the congregation in the basics of Islam.

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Orthodox priests, deacons, and subdeacons must be either married or celibate (preferably monastic) prior to ordination, but may not marry after ordination.

2881: 2693: 4295:. Lutherans have no principal aversion against having a pope as the leading bishop. But the Roman Catholic view of the papacy is considered antichristian. 5232:

could be seen to be the next logical stage of his or her social advancement within his or her native environment, as is found in the case of the Egyptian

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is a person initiated into monasticism. He is a trainee and his duty is to learn and preach scriptures to people. Female initiate is called Brahmacharini.

3892:. Among the Orthodox, all bishops are considered equal, though an individual may have a place of higher or lower honor, and each has his place within the 2153:

are ministers, such as deacons and priests, who do not belong to a religious institute and live in the world at large, rather than a religious institute (

3080: 2811: 6367: 8261: 4102: 4095: 161:. Their roles and functions vary in different religious traditions, but usually involve presiding over specific rituals and teaching their religion's 5604: 2997: 2861: 2841: 10747: 3366: 2856: 2851: 1957: 5865: 10596: 6758: 6447: 4133: 3464: 2732: 2688: 2025: 2337: 11653: 6015: 3371: 2117:

are either deacons, priests, or bishops belonging to the diaconate, the presbyterate, or the episcopate, respectively. Among bishops, some are

6248: 3788: 3454: 11605: 8958: 6827: 2784: 12891: 12766: 6070: 3580: 2987: 2794: 2529: 2414: 4378:(IAST: Purōhita) officiates and performs rituals and ceremonies, and is usually linked to a specific family or, historically, a dynasty. 12776: 10641: 10568: 7786: 6887: 6513: 4236: 4165: 2018: 1126: 5884: 2076: 980:

For a short period of history before the ordination of women as deacons, priests and bishops began within Anglicanism, women could be

13034: 10446: 6865: 2816: 2628: 2623: 984:. Although they were usually considered having a ministry distinct from deacons they often had similar ministerial responsibilities. 10892: 139: 11932: 10732: 10606: 10591: 4613:(lit. "preserver") is awarded to one who has memorized the entire Qur'an, often by attending a special course for the purpose; the 4136:(LDS Church) has no dedicated clergy, and is governed instead by a system of lay priesthood leaders. Locally, unpaid and part-time 3781: 2972: 2638: 2587: 2562: 4410:

Traditionally, priests have predominantly come from the Brahmana class, whose male members are designated for the function in the

1032: 12883: 12821: 5141:(SGPC), an elected body of the Sikhs sometimes called the "Parliament of Sikhs." The highest seat of the Sikh religion is called 5138: 3484: 2592: 1122: 1091: 884:) are generally not considered clergy, even though they may require some sort of official approval to exercise these ministries. 12863: 12194: 11840: 6548: 6478: 4016: 3176: 3133: 2633: 2552: 2434: 1023: 5967: 12858: 10752: 6213: 5791: 5489: 5466: 5407:

clerics, although an anecdotal comment by one American imam suggested that leaders of mosques may also share these problems.

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The spiritual guidance function known in many Christian denominations as "pastoral care" is fulfilled for many Muslims by a

2212:, that the Magisterium considers to be of divine institution. In the Catholic Church, only men are permitted to be clerics. 354:(the same word from which "cleric" is derived). "Clerk", which used to mean one ordained to the ministry, also derives from 12868: 11217: 8256: 6806: 6133: 4157: 3751: 3741: 3568: 3345: 3227: 2445: 2423: 1784: 5936: 12901: 11335: 10616: 10217: 6203: 6103: 3459: 919: 6175: 5592: 5536: 1267: 13049: 13029: 13008: 11545: 11275: 11157: 10611: 9196: 7150: 6812: 6336: 5044:

is a rabbi. This helps, since rabbinical students learn the laws of kosher as part of their syllabus. However, not all

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The Code of Canon Law and the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches prescribe that every cleric must be enrolled or "

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The diversity of Buddhist traditions makes it difficult to generalize about Buddhist clergy. In the United States,

147: 79: 17: 5705:"Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum orientalium, die XVIII Octobris anno MCMXC - Ioannes Paulus PP. II - Ioannes Paulus II" 13131: 11610: 11505: 10631: 10626: 10582: 10212: 9056: 8315: 7305: 4584:

of the congregational prayer, which in most mosques is performed at the times of all daily prayers; and preacher

4244: 4216: 3085: 3061: 3041: 3027: 2317:, including study of dogmatic and moral theology, the Holy Scriptures, and canon law have to be studied within a 2275: 1766: 1575: 1038: 13121: 13116: 12751: 11465: 11290: 10563: 9582: 9523: 9410: 9289: 9221: 7649: 7287: 7206: 5292: 4899:

Since the time of the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem, the religious leaders of Judaism have often been

4838:. Such a person may appoint amirs who manage regional areas. The consultative body for Ahmadiyya is called the 4486:(religion), and do not confer any particular spiritual or sacerdotal authority. The most general such title is 4145: 4137: 4070: 3625: 2046: 1699: 1257: 593:), the practice of celibacy was relaxed and Japanese monks allowed to marry. This form was then transmitted to 64: 9702: 9577: 5314: 2439: 892:

may or may not be a cleric. Different churches have different systems of clergy, though churches with similar

86: 13044: 12816: 12811: 12295: 11615: 11030: 10767: 10431: 10280: 10202: 9624: 8666: 8219: 6858: 6359: 4652:

is a scholar who has completed an advanced course of study which qualifies him to issue judicial opinions or

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and his counselors. Local leaders serve in their positions until released by their supervising authorities.

13039: 12873: 12838: 12789: 12513: 11673: 11475: 8688: 7438: 6837: 4772:. They are traditionally appointed by their predecessors, in an unbroken teaching lineage reaching back to 4496:), or "scholar". This word describes someone engaged in advanced study of the traditional Islamic sciences 4268:

From a religious standpoint there is only one order of clergy in the Lutheran church, namely the office of

4169: 3861: 3766: 3339: 3161: 2577: 2557: 2537: 1398: 964:

and the like are specific positions within these orders. Bishops are typically overseers, presiding over a

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community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.

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has three ranks of holy orders: bishop, priest, and deacon. These are the same offices identified in the

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have performed ritual ceremonies for centuries for the sustenance of the entire planet and its people.

4907:. All types of Judaism except Orthodox Judaism allow women as well as men to be ordained as rabbis and 4882: 4556: 4228: 4220: 4201: 4173: 3534: 3156: 2764: 2721: 2709: 2372: 1501: 1148: 1053: 8440: 5068:, generally understood as a branch of Orthodox Judaism, there are dynastic spiritual leaders known as 4276:, article 14. Some Lutheran churches, like the state churches of Scandinavia, refer to this office as 12998: 12938: 11708: 11497: 11355: 10807: 9695: 9474: 9105: 8735: 8300: 7432: 7184: 7021: 6976: 5974: 5634: 5102: 4600:

that sustains the mosque. There is no ordination as such; the only requirement for appointment as an

4326: 4240: 4185: 3220: 3114: 2967: 2948: 2658: 2419: 2357: 2333: 2299: 2256: 2245: 1839: 650:) are working to reconstruct the female branches of what they consider a common, interwoven lineage. 419: 9813: 6007: 5036:, and how they apply in the environment they are supervising. This can vary. In many instances, the 2309:

Current canon law prescribes that to be ordained a priest, an education is required of two years of

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bishop who occupies a particular position with special authority. Conversely, a youth minister at a

770: 539:

respectively). This diversity of monastic orders and styles was originally one community founded by

12943: 12933: 12290: 12102: 11212: 11172: 11127: 10917: 10907: 10712: 10466: 10291: 10227: 10197: 10087: 9852: 9761: 9729: 9690: 9602: 8509: 7766: 7702: 7172: 7157: 6851: 6240: 5303: 5220:) religions typically combine religious authority and political power. What this means is that the 3876:

Within each of these three ranks there are found a number of titles. Bishops may have the title of

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There are several specialist offices pertaining to the study and administration of Islamic law or

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are bishops, although it was not always so; formerly, some cardinals were people who had received

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slaughter according to ritual law. A Kohen may be a shochet. Most shochetim are ordained rabbis.

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to take a spiritual retreat each year, and four weeks of vacation. Sociological studies at the

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minor clergy who are tonsured in order not to trivialize orders such as those of Reader in the

411: 313:, for those belonging to the priestly class. In turn, the source of the Latin word is from the 205: 6077: 5061:

Training is often focused on Jewish law, and some Orthodox Yeshivas forbid secular education.

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Christianity; one early source reflecting this distinction, with the three ranks or orders of

2059: 13003: 12978: 12968: 12958: 12953: 12806: 11874: 11826: 11771: 11716: 11633: 11585: 11560: 11360: 11182: 11177: 11045: 11035: 10857: 10533: 10476: 10296: 10242: 9663: 9641: 9560: 9501: 9167: 8606: 8467: 7629: 7228: 7140: 6798: 6324: 6068:(Louisville: Office of the General Assembly), Form of Government, Chapter 6 and 14. See also 5531: 5419: 5254: 4437: 3691: 3449: 2716:

Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:

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in religious rites. Others who have definite roles in worship but who are not ordained (e.g.

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The nearest analogue among Sunni Muslims to the parish priest or pastor, or to the "pulpit

4177: 3974:(Eucharist)—though in some churches it is permitted to ordain up through deacon during the 3701: 3666: 3171: 3051: 2599: 2505: 2476: 2083: 2070: 1952: 1829: 1704: 1689: 1462: 1442: 1403: 1225: 1163: 363: 314: 307: 213: 7465: 5094:, philosophy and theology, liturgy, Jewish history, and Hebrew literature of all periods. 4808:, it was common for scholars to attain recognized mastery of both the "exterior sciences" 8: 12448: 12253: 12228: 12208: 12112: 11766: 11741: 11721: 11698: 11625: 11575: 11555: 11470: 11460: 11415: 11375: 11330: 11325: 11315: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11285: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11227: 11137: 11112: 10990: 10980: 10942: 10912: 10897: 10882: 10872: 10862: 10827: 10822: 10772: 10717: 10692: 10636: 10493: 10481: 10369: 10364: 10354: 10222: 10023: 9936: 9881: 9857: 9744: 9629: 9587: 9382: 9231: 8859: 8651: 8536: 8332: 8134: 8019: 7947: 7837: 7758: 7585: 7238: 7062: 6908: 6654:

The Early Church at Work and Worship: Volume 1: Ministry, Ordination, Covenant, and Canon

6314: 5922:

Ken Parry, David Melling, Dimitri Brady, Sidney Griffith & John Healey (eds.), 1999,

5091: 4738:(independent judgment). Mujtahids are few in number, but it is from their ranks that the 4273: 3893: 3881: 3711: 3681: 2295: 2283: 2198: 2118: 1904: 1751: 1646: 1452: 1324: 1240: 1215: 1000: 608:

schools of Buddhism tend to be more culturally adaptive and innovative with forms, while

582: 5228:). When the functions of political ruler and religious leader are combined in this way, 1415: 513: 12605: 12587: 12582: 12570: 12404: 12223: 12203: 12173: 11955: 11927: 11746: 11726: 11693: 11590: 11580: 11525: 11520: 11450: 11430: 11420: 11405: 11400: 11380: 11350: 11345: 11320: 11310: 11242: 11207: 11192: 11097: 11070: 11060: 11020: 11005: 11000: 10952: 10947: 10887: 10842: 10802: 10697: 10684: 10471: 10396: 10269: 10092: 9766: 9724: 9565: 9533: 9508: 9435: 9415: 9236: 9184: 9172: 9150: 8742: 8700: 8573: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8229: 8013: 7989: 7368: 7292: 7040: 6986: 6154: 5397: 4850:

by many mainstream Muslims and they reject the messianic claims of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad.

4805: 4149: 3856: 3661: 3591: 3305: 3244: 3109: 3046: 3020: 2484: 2394: 2291: 1679: 1555: 1487: 1312: 1168: 1004: 8854: 8413: 8041: 7771: 6647:

Crown and clergy in colonial Mexico, 1759-1821: The crisis of ecclesiastical privilege

6630:

Shaping New Englands: Puritan Clergymen in Seventeenth-Century England and New England

4156:

stands at the head of the church and leads the church through revelation given to the

464:

who have special religious authority or function. The term priest is derived from the

320:(κληρικός), meaning appertaining to an inheritance, in reference to the fact that the 12610: 12528: 12265: 12218: 12156: 11985: 11803: 11797: 11731: 11688: 11678: 11668: 11658: 11565: 11485: 11445: 11370: 11340: 11232: 11187: 11167: 11142: 11117: 11080: 11065: 11040: 11015: 10927: 10877: 10832: 10817: 10797: 10787: 10762: 10702: 10646: 10411: 10187: 9783: 9754: 9678: 9673: 9634: 9572: 9528: 9513: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9425: 9160: 9046: 8812: 8782: 8762: 8583: 8388: 8369: 8364: 8310: 8273: 7994: 7909: 7832: 7730: 7720: 7688: 7676: 7644: 7621: 7603: 7499: 7354: 7262: 7248: 7211: 7199: 7028: 6947: 6899: 6815:, Scholarly articles on Christian Clergy from the Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary Library 6792: 6332: 6282: 6209: 5842: 5766: 5400:

campaigns, for example – but also by simply ensuring that clergy take more time off.

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This compound title is merely a common combination of two elementary offices: leader

4338: 4197: 4181: 4141: 3992: 3656: 3651: 3620: 3509: 3099: 2458: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2324: 2303: 2287: 2236: 2154: 1834: 1329: 1245: 1210: 1012: 905: 873: 663: 528: 367: 9266: 8864: 8524: 8278: 6536: 5328: 4927:(rabbinic ordination) after the completion of an arduous learning program in Torah, 1914: 646:

to the Theravadan style. Some Mahayana sects, notably in the United States (such as

100: 13054: 12928: 12828: 12658: 12466: 12356: 12307: 12280: 12033: 12028: 11881: 11756: 11638: 11535: 11147: 11107: 11055: 11050: 10967: 10937: 10847: 10737: 10601: 10553: 10548: 10112: 10077: 10050: 9808: 9793: 9668: 9592: 9442: 9420: 9328: 9189: 8968: 8931: 8787: 8772: 8720: 8514: 8494: 8462: 8457: 8428: 8423: 8347: 8337: 8166: 8130: 8122: 8093: 8006: 7926: 7921: 7884: 7874: 7800: 7738: 7580: 7417: 7267: 6925: 6777:

Daughters of the Church: Women and Ministry from New Testament Times to the Present

6470: 6320:

Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy

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Ordination of a bishop, priest, deacon or subdeacon must be conferred during the

3964: 3866: 3721: 3676: 2931: 2806: 2759: 2114: 1724: 1425: 1272: 1190: 517: 6125: 4712:

refers to religious emulation or imitation. Lay Shi`ah must identify a specific

1565: 12756: 12700: 12539: 12496: 12424: 12168: 12139: 12064: 12018: 11960: 11917: 10558: 10451: 10391: 10107: 10082: 9867: 9771: 9653: 9597: 9550: 8963: 8911: 8807: 8777: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8730: 8626: 8546: 8529: 8482: 8472: 7516: 7179: 7162: 6981: 6961: 6930: 6768:

Ruether, Rosemary Radford. "Should Women Want Women Priests or Women-Church?".

5372: 5189: 5106: 4303: 4299: 3984: 3971: 3905: 3852: 3746: 3504: 3469: 3391: 3141: 3104: 2926: 2150: 2134: 2097: 2090: 1919: 1899: 1894: 1634: 1607: 1472: 1467: 1292: 1158: 1153: 948: 540: 465: 434: 341: 8519: 7781: 6661:

The Parish Clergy in Nineteenth-Century Russia: Crisis, Reform, Counter-Reform

6095: 4509:

There is no sacerdotal office corresponding to the Christian priest or Jewish

4196:. The stake is made up of several individual congregations, which are called " 2223:

admitted someone to the clerical state, after which he could receive the four

13105: 12597: 12394: 12183: 12053: 12043: 12001: 11975: 11970: 11907: 11867: 10486: 10040: 9921: 9313: 9308: 9256: 9093: 9031: 8926: 8817: 8715: 8646: 8578: 8568: 8541: 8477: 8374: 8352: 8290: 8186: 8149: 8068: 7976: 7427: 7378: 7083: 6642: 5526: 5368: 5242: 5205: 4903:, who are technically scholars in Jewish law empowered to act as judges in a 4397:. Ascetics are both male and female. Their duty is preach religion to people. 3917: 3840: 3686: 3610: 3575: 2916: 2353: 2328:

communities who become Catholics, but consecration of already married men as

2066: 1884: 1809: 1794: 1714: 1639: 1617: 1612: 1602: 1141: 760: 743: 476: 325: 208:

and there is a wide range of formal and informal clergy positions, including

9155: 2259:

are clerics only if they have received Holy Orders. Thus, unordained monks,

531:, and consist of various orders of male and female monks (originally called 12630: 12557: 12336: 12326: 12245: 11995: 11902: 11852: 10621: 10523: 10384: 10072: 10067: 10045: 10035: 9916: 9348: 9283: 9226: 9211: 9177: 8802: 8710: 7748: 7639: 7634: 7485: 7455: 7329: 7297: 7045: 7016: 7003: 6409: 5987: 4958: 4892: 4690:. Since around the mid-19th century, a more complex title has been used in 4401: 4350: 4153: 3979: 3960: 3956: 3870: 3848: 3844: 3439: 3294: 2547: 2495: 2398: 2356:

are often married, but must marry before being ordained to the priesthood.

2228: 2224: 2216: 2104: 1934: 1889: 1789: 1597: 1511: 1506: 1494: 1185: 830: 581:), as well as in response to particular political developments such as the 578: 415: 407: 403: 399: 395: 387: 359: 201: 8849: 7536: 1082: 685: 681: 508: 12794: 12625: 12615: 12565: 12547: 12458: 12419: 12213: 12124: 12107: 10543: 10518: 10342: 10310: 10301: 10247: 10177: 10162: 10055: 9946: 9607: 9555: 9343: 9061: 9041: 8881: 8822: 8560: 8556: 8379: 7899: 7847: 7817: 7654: 7508: 7400: 7324: 7189: 7125: 7076: 5432: 5393: 5221: 4561: 4548:, it is especially preferable to slaughter one's own animal if possible. 4539: 4411: 4024: 3933: 3925: 3514: 3434: 3424: 3409: 3284: 3249: 2613: 2542: 2227:(ostiary, lectorate, order of exorcists, order of acolytes) and then the 2175: 2110: 1924: 1909: 1849: 1350: 1114: 931: 543:

during the 5th century BC living under a common set of rules (called the

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In recent years, studies have suggested that American clergy in certain

4766:

in both speaking and writing; in North Africa they are sometimes called

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Priesthood: A history of ordained ministry in the Roman Catholic Church

5437: 5410:

One exception to the findings of these studies is the case of American

5229: 5143: 4948: 4817: 4754:("guide"), a master of the spiritual sciences and disciplines known as 4681: 4673: 4456: 4385:(IAST: Sādhu) is ascetic who renounced his worldly life and devoted to 4292: 3929: 3901: 3877: 3615: 3494: 3474: 3328: 2310: 2122: 2063: 1974: 1874: 1869: 1819: 1804: 1799: 1518: 1435: 1262: 1250: 960: 954: 825: 790: 561: 446: 348: 329: 9353: 8234: 4858: 4440:"Yuvaaraj" is one such famous spiritual leader of the Hindu religion. 666:

in Boulder, CO and one at the University of the West in Rosemead, CA.

12686: 12681: 12648: 12620: 12508: 12503: 12439: 12414: 12361: 12275: 11990: 11922: 10456: 10252: 10167: 10157: 10028: 9983: 9968: 9901: 9749: 9216: 9138: 9098: 9088: 9051: 9026: 9006: 8901: 8767: 8621: 8611: 8383: 8241: 8051: 8036: 8001: 7984: 7966: 7879: 7659: 7575: 7554: 7549: 7526: 7521: 7480: 7475: 7412: 7349: 7272: 7243: 7194: 7135: 7088: 6387:

The Muslim Resurgence in Ghana Since 1950: Nathan Samwini - 2003 p151

5415: 5014: 4962: 4785: 4686: 4514: 4330: 3948: 3909: 3897: 3889: 3885: 3544: 3539: 3529: 3519: 3444: 3352: 3264: 3146: 2515: 2452: 2232: 2190: 2171: 2126: 1986: 1929: 1879: 1859: 1734: 1570: 1533: 1523: 1477: 1447: 1420: 1360: 989: 981: 775: 750: 726: 654: 642: 637: 625: 609: 590: 565: 536: 468: 321: 233: 7931: 7460: 6752:

Into the Pulpit: Southern Baptist Women and Power Since World War II

6682:

Creating Christian Indians: Native Clergy in the Presbyterian Church

5270: 4700: 4080: 846: 42: 12695: 12667: 12653: 12520: 12486: 12444: 12429: 12389: 12134: 10259: 10003: 9993: 9848: 9338: 9318: 9145: 9021: 8876: 8450: 8204: 8144: 8063: 7971: 7958: 7936: 7916: 7894: 7889: 7869: 7809: 7776: 7715: 7559: 7544: 7422: 7383: 7339: 7130: 7067: 6971: 6874: 6840:, Priesthood of All Believers: Explained and Supported in Scripture 6708:

Sanneh, Lamin. "The origins of clericalism in West African Islam".

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priests are known to perform prayer services, often referred to as

4368: 4001: 3404: 3334: 3322: 3311: 2750: 2318: 2314: 2160: 2001: 1854: 1624: 1560: 1393: 1109: 1067: 1015:

and 'first among equals' of the primates of all Anglican churches.

973: 881: 869: 841: 837: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 621: 613: 605: 573: 524: 488: 225: 162: 158: 4961:, the world's first female rabbi, ordained in 1935, killed in the 4732:, a cleric of superior knowledge who has the authority to perform 3808: 785: 12691: 12676: 12672: 12434: 12384: 12376: 12366: 12270: 12258: 12117: 12013: 12007: 10528: 10132: 10097: 10018: 9931: 9872: 9776: 9479: 9333: 9083: 9036: 8921: 8797: 8616: 8083: 8046: 7857: 7407: 7373: 7216: 6917: 6791: 5376: 5260: 5250: 5246: 5233: 5024: 5001: 4936: 4932: 4924: 4920: 4912: 4798: 4734: 4691: 4513:, as there is no sacrificial rite of atonement comparable to the 4502: 4452: 4394: 4390: 4375: 4260: 4140:

lead the church; the worldwide church is supervised by full-time

3996: 3921: 3419: 3269: 2727:

Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:

2619:

Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:

2279: 2220: 1864: 1482: 1345: 1317: 1307: 1003:(archbishops or presiding bishops). The senior archbishop of the 965: 923: 815: 765: 716: 677: 673: 532: 504: 414:. Now, the clerical state is tied to reception of the diaconate. 391: 283: 272: 251:, a religious leader is often known formally or informally as an 6677:(Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007), a standard scholarly history 4252:

church members or agency to act on behalf of the entire church.

3873:

through the laying on of hands of at least three other bishops.

165:

and practices. Some of the terms used for individual clergy are

12663: 12476: 12409: 12349: 12151: 11818: 10441: 10320: 10124: 10013: 9998: 9956: 9734: 9612: 8886: 8641: 8631: 8285: 8246: 8088: 7696: 7666: 7390: 6675:

God's ambassadors: a history of the Christian clergy in America

5193: 5155:

makes all the important decisions after consultations with the

5006: 4971: 4954: 4928: 4916: 4908: 4759: 4625: 4518: 4475: 4465: 4427: 4417: 4386: 4364: 4288: 4284: 4277: 4269: 4172:

and have lifetime tenure. Below these men in the hierarchy are

3963:). Some churches have a separate service for the blessing of a 3828: 3824: 3816: 3706: 3299: 2194: 2087: 2054: 1741: 1709: 1669: 1538: 1430: 1200: 1195: 969: 943: 939: 935: 889: 755: 736: 641:) lineages existed in most Buddhist countries at one time, the 598: 569: 544: 480: 461: 457: 453: 383: 379: 375: 291: 268: 256: 229: 221: 217: 209: 8832: 6410:"Orthodox Women To Be Trained As Clergy, If Not Yet as Rabbis" 4969:

Since the early medieval era an additional communal role, the

3995:) In contemporary usage such a non-monastic priest is usually 2248:, or "Uniate", Churches have what are called "minor clerics". 12471: 12399: 11950: 10137: 9911: 9891: 9876: 9452: 9278: 9073: 8936: 8891: 8871: 8073: 7470: 7316: 7098: 6745:

Daughters of Thunder: Black Women Preachers and Their Sermons

5404: 5216: 5181: 5172: 5118: 5070: 4980: 4900: 4878: 4874: 4654: 4648: 4636: 4573: 4565: 4492: 4448: 4382: 3820: 3414: 3317: 2260: 1824: 1694: 1674: 1629: 1410: 877: 851: 805: 721: 617: 594: 287: 276: 264: 248: 6037:"Power and Primacy of the Pope (1537): Smalcald Theologians" 5839:

The Rusyn-Ukrainians of Czechoslovakia: An Historical Survey

5005:, who are trained and licensed by religious authorities for 4666: 3865:) by bishops. Priests and deacons are ordained by their own 995:

National Anglican churches are presided over by one or more

12481: 12023: 10062: 9951: 7904: 6843: 5515:

from the original on 2016-10-29 – via etymonline.com.

5492:

from the original on 2016-10-29 – via etymonline.com.

5469:

from the original on 2016-10-29 – via etymonline.com.

5185: 5176: 4919:

era. Rabbis are given authority to make interpretations of

4821: 4642: 4597: 4044:

autocephalous Churches) are addressed as "Your Beatitude".

3913: 3279: 2239:

and clerical tonsure no longer takes place, except in some

2130: 1719: 1136: 820: 810: 492: 260: 252: 241: 6397:

Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jamaʻat: History, Belief, Practice

5539:

from the original on 2018-08-20 – via newadvent.org.

5396:) have implemented measures to address the issue, through 4779:

Muslims who wish to learn Sufism dedicate themselves to a

4152:

by one who holds authority. The church also believes that

422:, and those who receive those orders are 'minor clerics.' 374:

refers to any individual who has been ordained, including

9961: 9926: 8601: 7980: 4211:

Generally, all worthy males age 12 and above receive the

2264: 1729: 553: 328:

had no inheritance except the Lord. "Clergy" is from two

5902:"Forms of Addresses and Salutations for Orthodox Clergy" 5813:"Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canons 342-356" 4873:

does not have clergy as such, although according to the

4264:

Lutheran pastor confirming the youth of his congregation

2344:

is not allowed and therefore, if those for whom in some

5403:

It is unclear whether similar symptoms affect American

5097: 6886: 6541:

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

5593:

Korean Buddhism#Buddhism during Japanese colonial rule

4923:. Traditionally, a man obtains one of three levels of 4287:

or provosts, others as parish priests and yet some as

2700:

Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches

475:, elder or senior), but is often used in the sense of 3943:(laying on of hands) but through a blessing known as 340:, which refer to those with learning and derive from 204:, the specific names and roles of the clergy vary by 6779:(1987), historical survey of female Christian clergy 6740:( Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998), pp 131–33; historiography 6558:– via The Humane Society of the United States. 6174:

Dubois, Jean Antoine; Beauchamp, Henry King (1897).

4812:

of the madrasahs as well as the "interior sciences"

4298:

In many European churches where Lutheranism was the

6698:(Paulist Press, 1989), a standard scholarly history 6689:

The Catholic Priesthood and the English Reformation

5295:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5048:are rabbis, and not all rabbis are qualified to be 4866:, a leading Rabbinical authority for Orthodox Jewry 4716:whom they emulate, according to his legal opinions 4184:of the church. Locally, the church is divided into 67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6809:- The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. 4846:. However, the Ahmadiyya community is declared as 1022:For the forms of address for Anglican clergy, see 6510:j., the Jewish News Weekly of Northern California 6123: 6093: 5986:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 5761:John P. Beal, James A. Coriden, Thomas J. Green, 5196:was one of the powerful and influential of them. 4994:j., the Jewish News Weekly of Northern California 4832:The highest office an Ahmadi can hold is that of 3928:(a monk who has been ordained to the deaconate), 527:clergy are often collectively referred to as the 13103: 6270: 6268: 6266: 5924:The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity 4915:. The modern form of the rabbi developed in the 4617:of a mosque is frequently (though not always) a 4235:and sacraments. Adult males are ordained to the 572:monks from c200-c900AD produced the distinctive 6719:(Blackwell, 1993), a standard scholarly history 6703:The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity 6173: 4134:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 5261:Health risks for ministry in the United States 4676:scholar and author Sheikh Ali Akbar Nahavandi. 3851:. Each of these ranks is ordained through the 2321:or an ecclesiastical faculty at a university. 11834: 6859: 6571:"Evidence Grows of Problem of Clergy Burnout" 6475:The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women 6278:In the Path of God: Islam and Political Power 6263: 5836: 5699: 5697: 4896:(redemption of the first-born son) ceremony. 4720:or other writings. On several occasions, the 4180:, which are assigned geographically over the 4023:for an archbishop/metropolitan overseeing an 3908:(also called "protopriest", or "protopope"), 3789: 2026: 741: 30:"Cleric" redirects here. For other uses, see 12738: 12518: 6623:Religion and revolution in France, 1780-1804 5841:. University of Michigan Press. p. 17. 4317:allows ordination to be called a sacrament. 394:was a prerequisite for receiving any of the 6838:National Association of Christian Ministers 6500: 6498: 6496: 4881:who were leaders of the religion up to the 4231:, which authorizes them to perform certain 2163:supports the activity of its clergy by the 872:; that is, they are set apart for specific 479:in particular, i.e., for clergy performing 27:Formal leaders within established religions 11841: 11827: 6866: 6852: 6789: 5694: 4999:Another licensed cleric in Judaism is the 4842:, which ranks second in importance to the 4192:, who is assisted by two counselors and a 4031:for an archbishop/metropolitan generally, 3947:(setting-aside). These clerical ranks are 3939:The lower clergy are not ordained through 3796: 3782: 2033: 2019: 5891:", Orthodox Christian Information Center. 5577: 5355:Learn how and when to remove this message 4978:Additionally, Jewish authorities license 4877:there is a tribe of priests known as the 4391:cycle of life of birth, death and rebirth 4215:. Youth age 12 to 18 are ordained to the 4121:Learn how and when to remove this message 3916:who has been ordained to the priesthood) 612:schools (the form generally practiced in 127:Learn how and when to remove this message 12726: 9381: 6493: 5199: 4953: 4857: 4665: 4555: 4259: 3807: 2075: 2058: 909: 512: 138: 10673: 6775:Tucker, Ruth A. and Walter L. Liefeld. 6637:Buddhist monks and monasteries of India 6568: 6534: 5763:New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law 5139:Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee 5081: 4935:, Jewish ethics and lore, the codes of 3924:(abbot). Deacons may have the title of 197:has a long history but is rarely used. 14: 13104: 6201: 5519: 5028:status of a kosher establishment. The 4883:destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem 4783:s guidance by taking an oath called a 4359:may refer to either of the following: 4101:Please improve this section by adding 4017:Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 3847:, as testified by the writings of the 1024:Forms of address in the United Kingdom 972:, with an archbishop presiding over a 157:are formal leaders within established 12725: 12082: 11822: 10672: 9830: 9380: 6885: 6847: 6759:Women in Ministry in the Early Church 6274: 6177:Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies 5988:"Why Don't Mormons Have Paid Clergy?" 5906:Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America 5578:Nedungatt, George (2002). "Clerics". 5022:are observant Jews who supervise the 4204:and his counselors and branches by a 3900:) may (or may not) have the title of 992:is reserved for priests and bishops. 6802:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 6754:(Univ of North Carolina Press, 2012) 6684:(University of Oklahoma Press, 2003) 6615: 6603:(University of Chicago Press, 2004). 6516:from the original on 25 October 2012 6468: 6446:. My Jewish Learning. Archived from 6420:from the original on 6 December 2011 6241:"Hindu Religious Worker Definitions" 6202:Gandhi, Dr Srinivasan (2018-09-05). 5582:. CCEO Canon 327. pp. 255, 260. 5293:adding citations to reliable sources 5264: 5098:Reconstructionist and Reform Judaism 4931:(Hebrew Bible), Mishnah and Talmud, 4200:" or "branches." Wards are led by a 4074: 4064: 3752:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs 3362:Differences from the Catholic Church 3228:History of Eastern Orthodox theology 2363: 2069:with his assistant ministers during 669:Titles for Buddhist clergy include: 65:adding citations to reliable sources 36: 6581:from the original on 9 October 2016 6481:from the original on April 21, 2019 6399:, p.93, Simon Ross Valentine, 2008. 5055: 4568:) delivering a sermon from a pulpit 4469:(a Persian variation of the Arabic 4313:, a compendium of doctrine for the 3074:Other possible ecumenical councils: 2837:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania 2360:require celibacy only for bishops. 920:Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil 24: 12084: 12083: 10642:Religions and spiritual traditions 6888:Religious groups and denominations 6724:American rabbis: Facts and fiction 6717:A concise history of the rabbinate 6663:(Princeton University Press, 1983) 6639:(London: G. Allen and Unwin, 1962) 6610: 6295:from the original on 18 March 2024 6233: 6117: 5653:from the original on 12 March 2020 5502: 5479: 5456: 4789:. The aspirant is then known as a 4762:. Sufi guides are commonly styled 4646:is a judge in an Islamic court. A 4367:(IAST: Pūjārī) or an Archaka is a 3976:Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts 2332:is excluded in both the Latin and 1373:Administrative and pastoral titles 1073: 934:, clergy consist of the orders of 146:clergy at the consecration of the 25: 13143: 6790:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 6783: 6738:Reader's Guide to Women's Studies 6360:"Qurbani Meat Distribution Rules" 6251:from the original on 24 June 2021 5166: 2944:American Orthodox Catholic Church 2051:Priesthood in the Catholic Church 946:in ascending order of seniority. 868:In general, Christian clergy are 585:and the Buddhist persecutions of 13086: 13085: 11848: 11802: 11793: 11792: 11606:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10748:Democratic Republic of the Congo 6730: 6537:"Problems With Kosher Slaughter" 6124:www.wisdomlib.org (2014-08-03). 6094:www.wisdomlib.org (2018-09-23). 5937:"Questions and Answers - ensign" 5269: 4576:" of a synagogue, is called the 4168:, all of whom are recognized as 4079: 2847:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg 2387: 2000: 1664:Consecrated and professed titles 1108: 1081: 1046: 1031: 286:, a religious leader is often a 148:Sacred Heart Cathedral, Sarajevo 41: 10213:Evolutionary origin of religion 6593: 6569:Vitello, Paul (2 August 2010). 6562: 6551:from the original on 2017-01-18 6528: 6462: 6432: 6402: 6390: 6381: 6370:from the original on 2022-08-22 6352: 6313: 6307: 6222:from the original on 2023-12-24 6195: 6184:from the original on 2023-12-24 6180:. Clarendon Press. p. 15. 6167: 6147: 6136:from the original on 2022-09-20 6106:from the original on 2022-09-28 6087: 6058: 6047:from the original on 2022-02-07 6029: 6018:from the original on 2021-06-24 6000: 5980: 5958: 5947:from the original on 2020-02-19 5929: 5916: 5894: 5874: 5861:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers 5855: 5830: 5819:from the original on 2011-06-04 5805: 5794:from the original on 2011-05-08 5784:"Code of Canon Law - IntraText" 5776: 5755: 5744:from the original on 2021-01-25 5734:"Code of Canon Law - IntraText" 5726: 5715:from the original on 2011-06-04 5683:from the original on 2011-11-03 5665: 5639: 5628: 5423:States are similarly affected. 5280:needs additional citations for 4634:or jurisprudence is known as a 4170:prophets, seers, and revelators 3167:Christianization of Kievan Rus' 3028:First Seven Ecumenical Councils 1039:Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet 857: 52:needs additional citations for 12727: 10564:Separation of church and state 9222:Polytheistic reconstructionism 6710:The Journal of African History 5647:"Code of Canon Law, Canon 207" 5597: 5586: 5571: 5568:no. 1; CIC Canon 266 § 1. 5559: 5543: 5496: 5473: 5450: 4890:the synagogue and perform the 4793:("disciple" or "follower"). A 4630:A scholar with a specialty in 4255: 4071:Priesthood (Latter Day Saints) 3888:, all of which are considered 2567: 2253:institutes of consecrated life 2047:Bishops in the Catholic Church 899: 742: 13: 1: 8220:Traditional Sabahan religions 6705:(John Wiley & Sons, 2010) 6670:(Routledge, 1984), in England 6208:. Notion Press. p. 266. 5443: 5414:priests, who are required by 4479:("elder") is used similarly. 4103:secondary or tertiary sources 3597:Intercession of the Theotokos 3372:Opposition to papal supremacy 3191:Moscow–Constantinople schism 2892:Switzerland and Liechtenstein 2267:, and religious brothers and 1815:Captain General of the Church 1231:Assistant to the papal throne 410:were abolished following the 6873: 6601:Priests: A Calling in Crisis 5556:nos. 2–4, 64 AAS 529 (1972). 5032:must know the Torah laws of 4827: 4500:at an Islamic university or 4426:. Priests are identified as 4055: 3162:Christianization of Bulgaria 2271:are not part of the clergy. 1011:, who acts as leader of the 495:on behalf of the community. 297: 7: 10422:National religiosity levels 9647:Nauruan Indigenous religion 9202:Hellenism (modern religion) 6656:(Casemate Publishers, 2014) 6155:"Swamins and Brahmacharins" 6064:Presbyterian Church (USA). 5580:A Guide to the Eastern Code 5509:Online Etymology Dictionary 5486:Online Etymology Dictionary 5463:Online Etymology Dictionary 5426: 4344: 4320: 3993:Quinisext Council of Trullo 3717:Photios I of Constantinople 3234:20th century (Neo-Palamism) 3157:Christianization of Georgia 2257:societies of apostolic life 2197:, is the writings of Saint 2165:Congregation for the Clergy 1963:Order of the Holy Sepulchre 498: 10: 13148: 11933:Weberian (three-component) 9831: 6477:. Jewish Women's Archive. 6126:"Purohita: 24 definitions" 5837:W. Braumüller, W. (2006). 5605:"Names of Women Ancestors" 5549:Paul VI, Apostolic letter 5203: 5170: 5113: 4853: 4824:are two notable examples. 4393:. An Sadhu is also called 4348: 4339:Congregationalist churches 4068: 3367:Opposition to the Filioque 2910:Noncanonical jurisdictions 2204:Holy Orders is one of the 2044: 2007:Catholic Church portal 1061: 1054:Charles Wesley Leffingwell 903: 861: 502: 452:A priesthood is a body of 29: 13081: 13022: 12914: 12882: 12849: 12775: 12747: 12734: 12721: 12639: 12596: 12556: 12538: 12457: 12375: 12335: 12244: 12237: 12192: 12095: 12091: 12078: 11941: 11895: 11891: 11862: 11788: 11707: 11624: 11496: 11241: 10966: 10683: 10679: 10668: 10577: 10502: 10278: 10186: 10123: 9841: 9837: 9826: 9389: 9376: 9301: 9124: 9106:Transcendental Meditation 8999: 8986: 8951: 8699: 8676: 8665: 8592: 8555: 8299: 8195: 8177: 8121: 8112: 8029: 7957: 7808: 7799: 7757: 7729: 7687: 7620: 7611: 7602: 7568: 7535: 7507: 7498: 7448: 7315: 7002: 6916: 6907: 6898: 6894: 6881: 6649:(Burns & Oates, 1968) 6643:Farriss, Nancy Marguerite 6281:. Routledge. p. 38. 6245:Hindu American Foundation 6041:www.projectwittenberg.org 6008:"The Augsburg Confession" 5975:Encyclopedia of Mormonism 5103:Reconstructionist Judaism 4745: 4327:Presbyterian Church (USA) 3920:(a senior hieromonk) and 3604:The four fasting periods: 3485:Eastern Orthodox marriage 3093:Other important councils: 2949:American World Patriarchs 2867:Great Britain and Ireland 2358:Eastern Catholic Churches 2334:Eastern Catholic Churches 2300:society of apostolic life 1840:Gonfalonier of the Church 914:Bishop Maurício Andrade, 483:within the sphere of the 420:Eastern Catholic Churches 13055:Pre-industrial East Asia 10733:Central African Republic 7767:Vietnamese folk religion 7158:Charismatic Christianity 6743:Collier-Thomas, Bettye. 6736:Amico, Eleanor B., ed. 6535:Grandin, Temple (1980). 6524:– via jweekly.com. 6205:Hinduism And Brotherhood 6096:"Arcaka: 11 definitions" 6066:Book of Order: 2009-2011 5121:clergy consists of five 4551: 4443: 4272:. This is stated in the 3647:Athanasius of Alexandria 2897:United States of America 2689:Czech Lands and Slovakia 2511:Four Marks of the Church 2352:after ordination: their 1181:Chaplain of His Holiness 1009:Archbishop of Canterbury 648:San Francisco Zen Center 429:is also appropriate for 366:and formerly in Western 13127:Estates (social groups) 12103:Administrative detainee 10627:New religious movements 10265:Theories about religion 10218:Evolutionary psychology 9247:Modern Finnish paganism 7234:Independent Catholicism 6807:"Church Administration" 6691:(Clarendon Press, 1994) 5941:ChurchofJesusChrist.org 4661: 4455:, has no clergy in the 4436:amongst the devotees.. 4302:, the clergy were also 4158:President of the Church 3896:. Priests (also called 3837:Eastern Orthodox Church 3480:Eastern Orthodox bowing 2381:Eastern Orthodox Church 2241:Traditionalist Catholic 864:Minister (Christianity) 635:While female monastic ( 520:, Tenzin Gyatso in 2007 491:communicating with the 418:are still given in the 32:Cleric (disambiguation) 13132:Positions of authority 12519: 11276:Bosnia and Herzegovina 9262:Erzyan native religion 9111:Unitarian Universalism 8500:Native American Church 7278:Oneness Pentecostalism 6819:University of the West 6750:Flowers, Elizabeth H. 6673:Holifield, E. Brooks. 6275:Pipes, Daniel (1983). 6071:"Theology and Worship" 5965:"General Authorities," 4966: 4867: 4708:) means "source", and 4677: 4569: 4265: 4237:Melchizedek priesthood 4090:relies excessively on 4011:for a patriarch (with 3832: 3757:Eastern Orthodox cross 2922:Spiritual Christianity 2282:or its equivalent (an 2107: 2073: 1458:Diocesan administrator 1176:Moderator of the curia 927: 926:to Bishop Saulo Barros 896:have similar systems. 630:Early Buddhist Schools 549:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 521: 412:Second Vatican Council 151: 13122:Religious occupations 13117:Religious terminology 13060:Pre-industrial Europe 11596:Saint Kitts and Nevis 10893:São Tomé and Príncipe 10753:Republic of the Congo 8959:Aboriginal Australian 7630:Chinese folk religion 6799:Catholic Encyclopedia 6726:(Jason Aronson, 1998) 6715:Schwarzfuchs, Simon. 6325:Oneworld Publications 5532:Catholic Encyclopedia 5420:University of Chicago 5200:Traditional religions 5137:are appointed by the 5133:or sacred seats. The 5127:, one each from five 4992:f. of mohel). As the 4957: 4921:Jewish law and custom 4861: 4669: 4559: 4438:Braja Kishore Goswami 4329:ordains two types of 4263: 3811: 3767:Statistics by country 3692:Maximus the Confessor 3120:Constantinople (1872) 2079: 2062: 1593:Protonotary apostolic 1123:Ecclesiastical titles 1041:, British churchman. 913: 516: 142: 12917: or countries 12728:By country or region 11966:Class discrimination 11218:United Arab Emirates 10009:Religious experience 9383:Historical religions 7787:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 7119:Schwenkfelder Church 6712:17.01 (1976): 49–72. 6668:The Victorian Clergy 6489:– via jwa.org. 6450:on 27 September 2010 6444:myjewishlearning.com 6315:Brown, Jonathan A.C. 5765:(Paulist Press 2002 5289:improve this article 5222:sacred king or queen 5088:Conservative Judaism 5082:Conservative Judaism 4025:autocephalous Church 3869:, while bishops are 3702:Theodore the Studite 3667:Gregory of Nazianzus 3525:Russian bell ringing 3450:Liturgical entrances 3260:Essence vs. Energies 3255:Contemplative prayer 3008:Evangelical Orthodox 2830:Episcopal assemblies 2553:Ecumenical Patriarch 2506:Apostolic succession 2338:personal ordinariate 2208:, enumerated at the 2084:Jean-Pierre Delville 2071:Pontifical High Mass 1830:Commissary Apostolic 1463:Ecclesiastical judge 1443:Defender of the bond 564:School) and Chinese 441:(or, alternatively, 425:The use of the word 402:before the tonsure, 364:Eastern Christianity 315:Ecclesiastical Greek 308:ecclesiastical Latin 195:clerk in holy orders 61:improve this article 12449:Vanniar (Chieftain) 11611:Trinidad and Tobago 11506:Antigua and Barbuda 10674:Religion by country 9735:Cult of Magna Mater 8257:Philippine Dayawism 7838:Nimbarka Sampradaya 7586:Chinese Manichaeism 7258:Jehovah's Witnesses 7063:Proto-Protestantism 6772:20.1 (2011): 63–72. 6763:New Theology Review 6757:Maloney, Linda M. " 6680:Lewis, Bonnie Sue. 6659:Freeze, Gregory L. 6652:Ferguson, Everett. 6628:Bremer, Francis J. 6599:See A. M. Greeley, 5092:rabbinic literature 5015:mashgiach/mashgicha 4885:in 70 AD when most 4274:Augsburg Confession 4188:; each stake has a 4142:general authorities 3894:order of precedence 3855:(sacrament) of the 3712:Cyril and Methodius 3682:Cyril of Alexandria 3569:Liturgical calendar 3385:Liturgy and worship 3021:Ecumenical councils 2424:History of theology 2296:religious institute 2284:apostolic vicariate 2199:Ignatius of Antioch 1958:Knights Hospitaller 1947:Organization titles 1752:Provincial superior 1325:Territorial prelate 1127:order of precedence 1056:, Episcopal priest 583:An Lushan Rebellion 13030:18th-century Spain 12884:Standard of living 12588:Upper middle class 12583:Lower middle class 12174:Political prisoner 11956:Chattering classes 11928:Spoon class theory 11546:Dominican Republic 10592:Abrahamic prophets 9686:Proto-Indo-Iranian 8230:Aliran Kepercayaan 7433:Non-denominational 7355:Modernist Salafism 7041:Oriental Orthodoxy 6830:2007-02-08 at the 6793:"Priesthood" 6694:Osborne, Kenan B. 6575:The New York Times 5993:2014-05-08 at the 5970:2014-11-11 at the 5887:2009-11-22 at the 5868:2005-07-20 at the 5566:Ministeria quaedam 5554:Ministeria quaedam 5188:are the clergy of 5159:of the other four 5012:Then there is the 4967: 4868: 4806:Islamic Golden Age 4724:(community of all 4678: 4570: 4266: 4217:Aaronic priesthood 4150:laying on of hands 4138:priesthood holders 3857:laying on of hands 3833: 3813:Orthodox Christian 3662:Cyril of Jerusalem 3592:Feast of Orthodoxy 2887:Spain and Portugal 2395:Christ Pantocrator 2292:personal prelature 2108: 2074: 1680:Consecrated virgin 1201:Apostolic delegate 1005:Anglican Communion 942:(presbyters), and 928: 756:Maechi or Mae chee 556:led to a uniquely 522: 152: 13099: 13098: 13077: 13076: 13073: 13072: 12910: 12909: 12717: 12716: 12713: 12712: 12709: 12708: 12611:Lumpenproletariat 12113:illegal immigrant 12074: 12073: 11986:Classless society 11816: 11815: 11784: 11783: 11780: 11779: 10768:Equatorial Guinea 10664: 10663: 10660: 10659: 10203:Cognitive science 9822: 9821: 9755:Mysteries of Isis 9529:Frankish paganism 9372: 9371: 9368: 9367: 9364: 9363: 9116:White Brotherhood 8982: 8981: 8947: 8946: 8291:Sundanese Wiwitan 8108: 8107: 8104: 8103: 7833:Brahma Sampradaya 7795: 7794: 7598: 7597: 7594: 7593: 7576:Assianism/Uatsdin 7494: 7493: 7263:British Israelism 7249:Nontrinitarianism 7212:Plymouth Brethren 7207:Nondenominational 7141:Congregationalism 7029:Eastern Orthodoxy 6977:Reconstructionist 6834:, Buddhist M.Div. 6825:Naropa University 6821:, Buddhist M.Div. 6770:Feminist Theology 6722:Zucker, David J. 6687:Marshall, Peter. 6625:(CUA Press, 2000) 6616:Clergy in general 6469:Klapheck, Elisa. 6215:978-1-64324-834-9 6130:www.wisdomlib.org 6100:www.wisdomlib.org 6012:www.gutenberg.org 5926:, Oxford, pp116-7 5503:Harper, Douglas. 5480:Harper, Douglas. 5457:Harper, Douglas. 5365: 5364: 5357: 5339: 5253:, whose reigning 4844:Khalifatu l-Masih 4835:Khalifatu l-Masih 4740:marajiʿ at-taqlid 4588:of the sermon or 4315:Lutheran Churches 4131: 4130: 4123: 4065:Latter-day Saints 4039:for a bishop and 4015:reserved for the 4013:Your All-Holiness 4007:Usual titles are 3843:and found in the 3806: 3805: 3657:Basil of Caesarea 3652:Ephrem the Syrian 3535:Sign of the cross 3510:Paschal troparion 3290:Mystical theology 3100:Quinisext Council 2801:Semi-Autonomous: 2446:View of salvation 2364:Eastern Orthodoxy 2350:clerical marriage 2346:particular Church 2342:Clerical marriage 2325:Clerical celibacy 2304:secular institute 2288:territorial abbey 2043: 2042: 1779:Additional titles 1715:Master of novices 1404:Military ordinary 1399:Military chaplain 1340:Liturgical titles 1330:Territorial abbot 1226:Apostolic prefect 1211:Apostolic visitor 1013:Church of England 968:composed of many 906:Anglican ministry 664:Naropa University 388:Latin Catholicism 368:Roman Catholicism 137: 136: 129: 111: 16:(Redirected from 13139: 13089: 13088: 12916: 12817:Mexican-American 12745: 12744: 12736: 12735: 12723: 12722: 12524: 12467:Business magnate 12357:Knowledge worker 12242: 12241: 12130:dual or multiple 12093: 12092: 12080: 12079: 12034:Social exclusion 12029:Social cleansing 11943: 11893: 11892: 11882:Economic classes 11843: 11836: 11829: 11820: 11819: 11806: 11796: 11795: 11674:Papua New Guinea 11649:Marshall Islands 11476:Northern Ireland 10681: 10680: 10670: 10669: 10554:Secular theology 10549:Secular humanism 9839: 9838: 9828: 9827: 9703:Ancestral Pueblo 9378: 9377: 8997: 8996: 8674: 8673: 8119: 8118: 7875:Shaiva Siddhanta 7806: 7805: 7739:Korean shamanism 7618: 7617: 7609: 7608: 7505: 7504: 7418:Mahdawi movement 7288:Swedenborgianism 7268:Christadelphians 6914: 6913: 6905: 6904: 6896: 6895: 6883: 6882: 6868: 6861: 6854: 6845: 6844: 6803: 6795: 6701:Parry, Ken, ed. 6604: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6566: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6556: 6532: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6521: 6512:. 3 March 2006. 6506:"Making the cut" 6502: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6466: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6436: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6406: 6400: 6394: 6388: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6375: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6272: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6256: 6237: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6227: 6199: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6189: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6151: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6141: 6121: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6111: 6091: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6076:. Archived from 6075: 6062: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6052: 6033: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6023: 6004: 5998: 5984: 5978: 5962: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5952: 5933: 5927: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5908:. Archived from 5898: 5892: 5882:Clergy Etiquette 5878: 5872: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5834: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5824: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5799: 5780: 5774: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5749: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5720: 5701: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5643: 5637: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5622: 5616: 5610:. Archived from 5609: 5601: 5595: 5590: 5584: 5583: 5575: 5569: 5563: 5557: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5523: 5517: 5516: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5454: 5360: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5340: 5338: 5297: 5273: 5265: 5238:Vedic priesthood 5076:Maiden of Ludmir 5056:Orthodox Judaism 4905:rabbinical court 4871:Rabbinic Judaism 4814:(`ulum al-batin) 4810:(`ulum az-zahir) 4696:marjaʿ at-taqlid 4694:Shi`ism, namely 4531:, including the 4523:Ritual slaughter 4503:madrasah jami`ah 4162:First Presidency 4126: 4119: 4115: 4112: 4106: 4083: 4075: 4052:academic posts. 3827:(left), and two 3798: 3791: 3784: 3697:John of Damascus 3672:Gregory of Nyssa 3500:Paschal greeting 3465:Memorial service 3275:Hypostatic union 3152:Byzantine Empire 2937:Old Calendarists 2558:Episcopal polity 2501:Christian Church 2391: 2368: 2367: 2294:, etc.) or in a 2246:Eastern Catholic 2210:Council of Trent 2206:Seven Sacraments 2143:clerical tonsure 2035: 2028: 2021: 2005: 2004: 1980:Grand Inquisitor 1968:Teutonic Knights 1845:Honorary Prelate 1767:Superior general 1556:Personal prelate 1544:Assistant pastor 1453:Devil's advocate 1303:Auxiliary bishop 1298:Coadjutor bishop 1288:Suffragan bishop 1278:Major archbishop 1221:Apostolic exarch 1206:Apostolic Syndic 1196:Apostolic nuncio 1112: 1100:Hierarchy of the 1085: 1078: 1077: 1050: 1035: 747: 746: 604:In general, the 558:Tibetan Buddhism 431:Eastern Orthodox 362:, especially in 284:Jewish tradition 132: 125: 121: 118: 112: 110: 69: 45: 37: 21: 18:Religious leader 13147: 13146: 13142: 13141: 13140: 13138: 13137: 13136: 13102: 13101: 13100: 13095: 13069: 13018: 12906: 12878: 12845: 12829:Underprivileged 12771: 12730: 12729: 12705: 12635: 12592: 12552: 12534: 12453: 12371: 12331: 12233: 12188: 12087: 12086: 12070: 12049:Social position 12039:Social mobility 11937: 11887: 11858: 11857: 11847: 11817: 11812: 11776: 11703: 11684:Solomon Islands 11620: 11492: 11396:North Macedonia 11237: 10962: 10675: 10656: 10617:Mass gatherings 10585: 10580: 10573: 10512: 10507: 10498: 10437:Religiocentrism 10417:National church 10285: 10282: 10274: 10189: 10182: 10119: 10041:Bodies of water 9833: 9818: 9603:Jamaican Maroon 9385: 9360: 9297: 9127: 9120: 8991: 8989: 8978: 8943: 8917:Trinidad Orisha 8702: 8695: 8668: 8661: 8588: 8551: 8302: 8295: 8191: 8173: 8100: 8074:Srilankan Vedda 8025: 7953: 7828:Sri Vaishnavism 7791: 7753: 7725: 7683: 7590: 7564: 7531: 7490: 7444: 7369:Twelver Shi'ism 7311: 7173:Neo-charismatic 7146:Presbyterianism 6998: 6890: 6877: 6872: 6832:Wayback Machine 6786: 6733: 6635:Dutt, Sukumar. 6618: 6613: 6611:Further reading 6608: 6607: 6598: 6594: 6584: 6582: 6567: 6563: 6554: 6552: 6533: 6529: 6519: 6517: 6504: 6503: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6467: 6463: 6453: 6451: 6438: 6437: 6433: 6423: 6421: 6416:. 21 May 2009. 6408: 6407: 6403: 6395: 6391: 6386: 6382: 6373: 6371: 6358: 6357: 6353: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6312: 6308: 6298: 6296: 6289: 6273: 6264: 6254: 6252: 6239: 6238: 6234: 6225: 6223: 6216: 6200: 6196: 6187: 6185: 6172: 6168: 6159: 6157: 6153: 6152: 6148: 6139: 6137: 6122: 6118: 6109: 6107: 6092: 6088: 6080: 6073: 6069: 6063: 6059: 6050: 6048: 6035: 6034: 6030: 6021: 6019: 6006: 6005: 6001: 5995:Wayback Machine 5985: 5981: 5972:Wayback Machine 5963: 5959: 5950: 5948: 5935: 5934: 5930: 5921: 5917: 5912:on Feb 6, 2017. 5900: 5899: 5895: 5889:Wayback Machine 5879: 5875: 5870:Wayback Machine 5860: 5856: 5849: 5835: 5831: 5822: 5820: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5797: 5795: 5782: 5781: 5777: 5760: 5756: 5747: 5745: 5732: 5731: 5727: 5718: 5716: 5703: 5702: 5695: 5686: 5684: 5671: 5670: 5666: 5656: 5654: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5633: 5629: 5620: 5618: 5614: 5607: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5591: 5587: 5576: 5572: 5564: 5560: 5548: 5544: 5525: 5524: 5520: 5501: 5497: 5478: 5474: 5455: 5451: 5446: 5429: 5361: 5350: 5344: 5341: 5298: 5296: 5286: 5274: 5263: 5226:Maya priesthood 5208: 5202: 5179: 5171:Main articles: 5169: 5116: 5100: 5084: 5066:Hasidic Judaism 5058: 4864:Moshe Feinstein 4856: 4830: 4748: 4664: 4554: 4446: 4353: 4347: 4323: 4311:Book of Concord 4258: 4166:Twelve Apostles 4127: 4116: 4110: 4107: 4100: 4096:primary sources 4084: 4073: 4067: 4058: 3959:(also known as 3867:diocesan bishop 3802: 3773: 3772: 3771: 3736: 3728: 3727: 3726: 3722:Gregory Palamas 3677:John Chrysostom 3641: 3633: 3632: 3631: 3601: 3581:12 Great Feasts 3571: 3561: 3560: 3559: 3455:Liturgical fans 3397:Divine Services 3387: 3377: 3376: 3358: 3223: 3213: 3212: 3211: 3136: 3126: 3125: 3124: 3090: 3071: 3023: 3013: 3012: 3004: 2953: 2932:Catacomb Church 2911: 2903: 2902: 2901: 2872:Italy and Malta 2831: 2823: 2822: 2821: 2799: 2790:Bessarabia (RP) 2754: 2743: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2714: 2698: 2694:North Macedonia 2617: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2532: 2522: 2521: 2520: 2489: 2486: 2471: 2463: 2401: 2366: 2115:Catholic Church 2057: 2039: 1999: 1992: 1991: 1948: 1940: 1939: 1780: 1772: 1771: 1665: 1657: 1656: 1374: 1366: 1365: 1341: 1273:Diocesan bishop 1268:Bishop emeritus 1216:Vicar apostolic 1191:Papal majordomo 1117: 1102:Catholic Church 1101: 1076: 1074:Catholic Church 1064: 1057: 1051: 1042: 1036: 908: 902: 866: 860: 518:14th Dalai Lama 511: 501: 324:priests of the 306:comes from the 300: 133: 122: 116: 113: 70: 68: 58: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13145: 13135: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13097: 13096: 13094: 13093: 13082: 13079: 13078: 13075: 13074: 13071: 13070: 13068: 13067: 13062: 13057: 13052: 13050:Ottoman Empire 13047: 13042: 13037: 13035:Ancient Greece 13032: 13026: 13024: 13020: 13019: 13017: 13016: 13011: 13009:United Kingdom 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12920: 12918: 12912: 12911: 12908: 12907: 12905: 12904: 12902:Home-ownership 12899: 12894: 12888: 12886: 12880: 12879: 12877: 12876: 12871: 12866: 12861: 12855: 12853: 12847: 12846: 12844: 12843: 12842: 12841: 12836: 12826: 12825: 12824: 12819: 12814: 12804: 12803: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12781: 12779: 12773: 12772: 12770: 12769: 12764: 12759: 12757:American Dream 12754: 12748: 12742: 12732: 12731: 12719: 12718: 12715: 12714: 12711: 12710: 12707: 12706: 12704: 12703: 12698: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12670: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12645: 12643: 12637: 12636: 12634: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12602: 12600: 12594: 12593: 12591: 12590: 12585: 12580: 12575: 12574: 12573: 12562: 12560: 12554: 12553: 12551: 12550: 12544: 12542: 12536: 12535: 12533: 12532: 12525: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12500: 12499: 12494: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12463: 12461: 12455: 12454: 12452: 12451: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12381: 12379: 12373: 12372: 12370: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12353: 12352: 12341: 12339: 12333: 12332: 12330: 12329: 12324: 12323: 12322: 12317: 12316: 12315: 12300: 12299: 12298: 12293: 12285: 12284: 12283: 12273: 12268: 12263: 12262: 12261: 12250: 12248: 12239: 12235: 12234: 12232: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12211: 12206: 12200: 12198: 12190: 12189: 12187: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12169:Migrant worker 12166: 12161: 12160: 12159: 12149: 12148: 12147: 12142: 12137: 12132: 12122: 12121: 12120: 12115: 12105: 12099: 12097: 12089: 12088: 12085:By demographic 12076: 12075: 12072: 12071: 12069: 12068: 12065:Status Anxiety 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12019:Ranked society 12016: 12011: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11961:Class conflict 11958: 11953: 11947: 11945: 11944: topics 11939: 11938: 11936: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11918:Mudsill theory 11915: 11910: 11905: 11899: 11897: 11889: 11888: 11886: 11885: 11878: 11871: 11863: 11860: 11859: 11856: 11855: 11849: 11846: 11845: 11838: 11831: 11823: 11814: 11813: 11811: 11810: 11800: 11789: 11786: 11785: 11782: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11713: 11711: 11705: 11704: 11702: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11630: 11628: 11622: 11621: 11619: 11618: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11538: 11533: 11528: 11523: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11502: 11500: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11490: 11489: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11466:United Kingdom 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11247: 11245: 11239: 11238: 11236: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11094: 11093: 11088: 11078: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10972: 10970: 10964: 10963: 10961: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10689: 10687: 10677: 10676: 10666: 10665: 10662: 10661: 10658: 10657: 10655: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10588: 10586: 10578: 10575: 10574: 10572: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10559:Secularization 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10539:Deconstruction 10536: 10531: 10526: 10521: 10515: 10513: 10503: 10500: 10499: 10497: 10496: 10491: 10490: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10392:Fundamentalism 10389: 10388: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10346: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10325: 10324: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10299: 10294: 10288: 10286: 10279: 10276: 10275: 10273: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10256: 10255: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10194: 10192: 10184: 10183: 10181: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10129: 10127: 10121: 10120: 10118: 10117: 10116: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10059: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10033: 10032: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9965: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9870: 9868:Call to prayer 9865: 9860: 9855: 9853:Disaffiliation 9845: 9843: 9835: 9834: 9824: 9823: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9780: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9759: 9758: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9727: 9722: 9721: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9700: 9699: 9698: 9693: 9683: 9682: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9656: 9651: 9650: 9649: 9639: 9638: 9637: 9632: 9622: 9617: 9616: 9615: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9569: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9551:Greco-Buddhism 9548: 9538: 9537: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9511: 9506: 9505: 9504: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9483: 9482: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9461: 9460: 9455: 9445: 9440: 9439: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9402: 9401: 9390: 9387: 9386: 9374: 9373: 9370: 9369: 9366: 9365: 9362: 9361: 9359: 9358: 9357: 9356: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9305: 9303: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9295: 9294: 9293: 9281: 9276: 9275: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9193: 9192: 9182: 9181: 9180: 9175: 9165: 9164: 9163: 9158: 9148: 9143: 9142: 9141: 9132: 9130: 9122: 9121: 9119: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9102: 9101: 9096: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9065: 9064: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9003: 9001: 8994: 8984: 8983: 8980: 8979: 8977: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8955: 8953: 8949: 8948: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8941: 8940: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8912:Tambor de Mina 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8868: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8838: 8837: 8836: 8835: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8739: 8738: 8733: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8707: 8705: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8693: 8692: 8691: 8689:Guanche church 8680: 8678: 8671: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8598: 8596: 8594:Tibeto-Burmese 8590: 8589: 8587: 8586: 8581: 8576: 8571: 8565: 8563: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8533: 8532: 8527: 8517: 8512: 8510:Nuu-chah-nulth 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8491: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8454: 8453: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8432: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8419:Muscogee Creek 8416: 8411: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8356: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8324: 8323: 8313: 8307: 8305: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8293: 8288: 8286:Sumbese Marapu 8283: 8282: 8281: 8276: 8266: 8265: 8264: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8238: 8237: 8232: 8224: 8223: 8222: 8217: 8207: 8205:Batak Parmalim 8201: 8199: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8189: 8183: 8181: 8175: 8174: 8172: 8171: 8170: 8169: 8164: 8154: 8153: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8127: 8125: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8106: 8105: 8102: 8101: 8099: 8098: 8097: 8096: 8091: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8060: 8059: 8054: 8044: 8039: 8033: 8031: 8027: 8026: 8024: 8023: 8016: 8011: 8010: 8009: 7999: 7998: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7969: 7963: 7961: 7955: 7954: 7952: 7951: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7913: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7867: 7866: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7814: 7812: 7803: 7797: 7796: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7763: 7761: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7735: 7733: 7727: 7726: 7724: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7707: 7706: 7693: 7691: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7681: 7680: 7679: 7674: 7664: 7663: 7662: 7657: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7626: 7624: 7615: 7606: 7600: 7599: 7596: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7572: 7570: 7566: 7565: 7563: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7541: 7539: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7517:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 7513: 7511: 7502: 7496: 7495: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7452: 7450: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7442: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7404: 7403: 7393: 7388: 7387: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7361: 7360: 7359: 7358: 7357: 7352: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7321: 7319: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7309: 7302: 7301: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7254:Bible Students 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7224:Restorationism 7221: 7220: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7203: 7202: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7180:Evangelicalism 7177: 7176: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7155: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7122: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7091: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7074: 7060: 7059: 7058: 7053: 7043: 7038: 7037: 7036: 7026: 7025: 7024: 7019: 7008: 7006: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6996: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6951: 6950: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6922: 6920: 6911: 6902: 6892: 6891: 6879: 6878: 6871: 6870: 6863: 6856: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6835: 6822: 6816: 6810: 6804: 6785: 6784:External links 6782: 6781: 6780: 6773: 6766: 6755: 6748: 6741: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6727: 6720: 6713: 6706: 6699: 6692: 6685: 6678: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6650: 6640: 6633: 6632:(Twayne, 1994) 6626: 6621:Aston, Nigel. 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6592: 6561: 6547:(6): 375–390. 6527: 6492: 6471:"Regina Jonas" 6461: 6431: 6401: 6389: 6380: 6351: 6338:978-1780744209 6337: 6306: 6287: 6262: 6232: 6214: 6194: 6166: 6146: 6116: 6086: 6083:on 2004-03-07. 6057: 6028: 5999: 5979: 5957: 5928: 5915: 5893: 5873: 5854: 5847: 5829: 5804: 5775: 5754: 5725: 5693: 5664: 5638: 5627: 5596: 5585: 5570: 5558: 5542: 5518: 5495: 5472: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5440: 5435: 5428: 5425: 5363: 5362: 5277: 5275: 5268: 5262: 5259: 5201: 5198: 5190:Zoroastrianism 5168: 5167:Zoroastrianism 5165: 5163:and the SGPC. 5115: 5112: 5107:Reform Judaism 5099: 5096: 5083: 5080: 5057: 5054: 4855: 4852: 4840:Majlis-i-Shura 4829: 4826: 4747: 4744: 4663: 4660: 4553: 4550: 4445: 4442: 4406: 4405: 4398: 4379: 4372: 4371:temple priest. 4349:Main article: 4346: 4343: 4322: 4319: 4304:civil servants 4300:state religion 4257: 4254: 4129: 4128: 4087: 4085: 4078: 4069:Main article: 4066: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4021:Your Beatitude 3985:Great Entrance 3972:Divine Liturgy 3906:protopresbyter 3853:Sacred Mystery 3804: 3803: 3801: 3800: 3793: 3786: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3643: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3629: 3623: 3621:Apostles' Fast 3618: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3605: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3586: 3583: 3578: 3572: 3567: 3566: 3563: 3562: 3558: 3557: 3555:Use of incense 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3505:Paschal Homily 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3470:Memory Eternal 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3399: 3394: 3392:Divine Liturgy 3388: 3383: 3382: 3379: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3357: 3356: 3349: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3239: 3238: 3237: 3224: 3219: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3209: 3208: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3189: 3184: 3182:Ottoman Empire 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3142:Church Fathers 3138: 3137: 3132: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3094: 3089: 3088: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3031: 3024: 3019: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3011: 3010: 3003: 3002: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2962: 2961: 2960: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2940: 2939: 2934: 2927:True Orthodoxy 2924: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2909: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2820: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2803: 2798: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2736: 2735: 2729: 2725: 2724: 2718: 2713: 2712: 2706: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2624:Constantinople 2620: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2596: 2595: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2490: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2449: 2442: 2440:Holy Mysteries 2437: 2435:Church history 2432: 2427: 2417: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2402: 2392: 2384: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2365: 2362: 2354:parish priests 2237:lay ministries 2151:Secular clergy 2135:bishop of Rome 2113:clergy in the 2098:Jozef De Kesel 2091:Franco Coppola 2041: 2040: 2038: 2037: 2030: 2023: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2009: 1994: 1993: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1983: 1982: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1920:Protosyncellus 1917: 1912: 1907: 1905:Promotor Fidei 1902: 1900:Prince-provost 1897: 1895:Prince-primate 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1635:Judicial vicar 1627: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1608:Servant of God 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1548: 1547: 1546: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1509: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1439: 1438: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1293:Titular bishop 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1154:Cardinal Vicar 1146: 1145: 1144: 1131: 1130: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1105: 1104: 1096: 1095: 1087: 1086: 1075: 1072: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1052: 1045: 1043: 1037: 1030: 904:Main article: 901: 898: 862:Main article: 859: 856: 855: 854: 849: 844: 835: 834: 833: 828: 818: 813: 808: 803: 796:In Vajrayana: 794: 793: 788: 779: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 712:In Theravada: 710: 709: 688: 587:Emperor Wuzong 541:Gautama Buddha 500: 497: 471:(πρεσβύτερος, 435:Eastern Church 342:Medieval Latin 299: 296: 135: 134: 49: 47: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13144: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13109: 13107: 13092: 13084: 13083: 13080: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13056: 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13027: 13025: 13021: 13015: 13014:United States 13012: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12921: 12919: 12915:Other regions 12913: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12889: 12887: 12885: 12881: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12865: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12856: 12854: 12852: 12848: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12831: 12830: 12827: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12809: 12808: 12805: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12787: 12786: 12783: 12782: 12780: 12778: 12774: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12755: 12753: 12750: 12749: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12740:United States 12737: 12733: 12724: 12720: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12646: 12644: 12642: 12638: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12603: 12601: 12599: 12595: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12572: 12569: 12568: 12567: 12564: 12563: 12561: 12559: 12555: 12549: 12546: 12545: 12543: 12541: 12537: 12531: 12530: 12526: 12523: 12522: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12489: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12464: 12462: 12460: 12456: 12450: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12382: 12380: 12378: 12374: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12351: 12348: 12347: 12346: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12338: 12334: 12328: 12325: 12321: 12318: 12314: 12311: 12310: 12309: 12306: 12305: 12304: 12301: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12288: 12286: 12282: 12279: 12278: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12260: 12257: 12256: 12255: 12252: 12251: 12249: 12247: 12243: 12240: 12236: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12191: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12179:Socioeconomic 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12158: 12155: 12154: 12153: 12150: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12127: 12126: 12123: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12110: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12100: 12098: 12094: 12090: 12081: 12077: 12067: 12066: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12054:Social stigma 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12044:Social orphan 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12009: 12004: 12003: 12002:Nouveau riche 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11982: 11979: 11977: 11976:Class traitor 11974: 11972: 11971:Class society 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11948: 11946: 11940: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11908:Gilbert model 11906: 11904: 11901: 11900: 11898: 11894: 11890: 11884: 11883: 11879: 11877: 11876: 11872: 11870: 11869: 11865: 11864: 11861: 11854: 11851: 11850: 11844: 11839: 11837: 11832: 11830: 11825: 11824: 11821: 11809: 11805: 11801: 11799: 11791: 11790: 11787: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11714: 11712: 11710: 11709:South America 11706: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11631: 11629: 11627: 11623: 11617: 11616:United States 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11503: 11501: 11499: 11498:North America 11495: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11468: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11356:Liechtenstein 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11248: 11246: 11244: 11240: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11083: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10973: 10971: 10969: 10965: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10808:Guinea-Bissau 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10690: 10688: 10686: 10682: 10678: 10671: 10667: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10632:Organizations 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10576: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10495: 10492: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10474: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10462:Vegetarianism 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10407:Homosexuality 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10367: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10330: 10329: 10326: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10308: 10307: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10277: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10254: 10251: 10250: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10228:Neurotheology 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10191: 10185: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10130: 10128: 10126: 10122: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10100: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10038: 10037: 10034: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10016: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9949: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9922:Folk religion 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9850: 9847: 9846: 9844: 9840: 9836: 9829: 9825: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9764: 9763: 9760: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9745:Imperial cult 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9732: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9705: 9704: 9701: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9688: 9687: 9684: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9661: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9648: 9645: 9644: 9643: 9640: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9627: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9614: 9611: 9610: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9543: 9542: 9539: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9516: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9503: 9500: 9499: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9481: 9478: 9477: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9450: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9423: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9400: 9397: 9396: 9395: 9392: 9391: 9388: 9384: 9379: 9375: 9355: 9352: 9351: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9314:Discordianism 9312: 9310: 9309:Anthroposophy 9307: 9306: 9304: 9300: 9292: 9291: 9287: 9286: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9257:Mari religion 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9239: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9191: 9188: 9187: 9186: 9183: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9170: 9169: 9166: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9153: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9140: 9137: 9136: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9129: 9123: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9094:Neo-Theosophy 9092: 9091: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9063: 9060: 9059: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9032:New Acropolis 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9004: 9002: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8985: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8950: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8852: 8851: 8848: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8840: 8839: 8834: 8831: 8830: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8728: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8708: 8706: 8704: 8698: 8690: 8687: 8686: 8685: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8677:North African 8675: 8672: 8670: 8664: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8595: 8591: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8566: 8564: 8562: 8558: 8554: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8522: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8470: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8452: 8449: 8448: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8441:Kwakwakaʼwakw 8439: 8437: 8434: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8406: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8322: 8319: 8318: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8308: 8306: 8304: 8298: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8271: 8270: 8267: 8263: 8260: 8259: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8212: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8198: 8194: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8180: 8179:Austroasiatic 8176: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8159: 8158: 8155: 8151: 8150:Vattisen Yaly 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8137: 8136: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8111: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8069:Kirat Mundhum 8067: 8065: 8062: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8034: 8032: 8028: 8022: 8021: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8008: 8005: 8004: 8003: 8000: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7982: 7978: 7975: 7974: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7956: 7950: 7949: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7872: 7871: 7868: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7820: 7819: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7756: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7732: 7728: 7722: 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6850: 6849: 6846: 6839: 6836: 6833: 6829: 6826: 6823: 6820: 6817: 6814: 6813:Wlsessays.net 6811: 6808: 6805: 6801: 6800: 6794: 6788: 6787: 6778: 6774: 6771: 6767: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6753: 6749: 6746: 6742: 6739: 6735: 6734: 6731:Female clergy 6725: 6721: 6718: 6714: 6711: 6707: 6704: 6700: 6697: 6693: 6690: 6686: 6683: 6679: 6676: 6672: 6669: 6665: 6662: 6658: 6655: 6651: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6638: 6634: 6631: 6627: 6624: 6620: 6619: 6602: 6596: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6565: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6531: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6465: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6435: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6398: 6393: 6384: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6355: 6340: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6310: 6294: 6290: 6288:9781351512916 6284: 6280: 6279: 6271: 6269: 6267: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6236: 6221: 6217: 6211: 6207: 6206: 6198: 6183: 6179: 6178: 6170: 6156: 6150: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6120: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6090: 6079: 6072: 6067: 6061: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6032: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6003: 5997:, mormon.org. 5996: 5992: 5989: 5983: 5976: 5973: 5969: 5966: 5961: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5932: 5925: 5919: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5897: 5890: 5886: 5883: 5877: 5871: 5867: 5864: 5858: 5850: 5848:9783700303121 5844: 5840: 5833: 5818: 5814: 5808: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5779: 5772: 5771:9780809140664 5768: 5764: 5758: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5729: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5700: 5698: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5668: 5652: 5648: 5642: 5636: 5631: 5617:on 2011-11-17 5613: 5606: 5600: 5594: 5589: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5562: 5555: 5552: 5546: 5538: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5522: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5499: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5476: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5453: 5449: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5424: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5406: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5359: 5356: 5348: 5345:November 2022 5337: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5323: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5309: 5306: – 5305: 5301: 5300:Find sources: 5294: 5290: 5284: 5283: 5278:This article 5276: 5272: 5267: 5266: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5245:holy city of 5244: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5218: 5213: 5210:Historically 5207: 5206:Imperial cult 5197: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5145: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5131: 5126: 5125: 5120: 5111: 5108: 5104: 5095: 5093: 5089: 5079: 5077: 5073: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5053: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5017: 5016: 5010: 5008: 5004: 5003: 4997: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4982: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4897: 4895: 4894: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4865: 4860: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4836: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4802: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4775: 4771: 4770: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4743: 4741: 4737: 4736: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4675: 4672: 4668: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4638: 4633: 4629: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4611: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 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3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3918:archimandrite 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3874: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3863: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3841:New Testament 3838: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3799: 3794: 3792: 3787: 3785: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3776: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3732: 3731: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3687:John Climacus 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3640:Major figures 3637: 3636: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3611:Nativity Fast 3609: 3608: 3603: 3602: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3585:Other feasts: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3576:Paschal cycle 3574: 3573: 3570: 3565: 3564: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 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Palma 2065: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2036: 2031: 2029: 2024: 2022: 2017: 2016: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1988: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1951: 1950: 1944: 1943: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1885:Prince-bishop 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1795:Archimandrite 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1776: 1775: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1661: 1660: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1640:Vicar general 1638: 1636: 1633: 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Korea 11086:North Korea 10976:Afghanistan 10923:South Sudan 10813:Ivory Coast 10597:Deification 10544:Objectivism 10519:Agnosticism 10477:Persecution 10467:Video games 10432:Populations 10343:Proselytism 10311:Monasticism 10302:Clericalism 10292:Agriculture 10283:and society 10248:Soteriology 10208:Comparative 10178:Transtheism 10163:Panentheism 9947:Monasticism 9740:Gallo-Roman 9642:Micronesian 9608:Manichaeism 9556:Hermeticism 9524:Continental 9519:Anglo-Saxon 9399:Paleolithic 9394:Prehistoric 9344:Scientology 9207:Italo-Roman 9062:Radha Soami 9042:New Thought 8882:Espiritismo 8823:Waaqeffanna 8763:Fon and Ewe 8701:Sub-Saharan 8584:Satsana Phi 8380:Ghost Dance 8338:Californian 8316:Anishinaabe 8247:Karo Pemena 8226:Indonesian 7900:Lingayatism 7848:Mahanubhava 7818:Vaishnavism 7749:Jeungsanism 7672:Folk Taoism 7655:Xiantiandao 7509:Zoroastrian 7168:Charismatic 7163:Pentecostal 7126:Anglicanism 7077:Waldensians 7012:Catholicism 6585:24 February 6520:3 September 6454:3 September 6424:3 September 6414:Forward.com 5657:25 November 5433:Holy orders 5373:Evangelical 5230:deification 5212:traditional 4848:non-Muslims 4816:of Sufism. 4804:During the 4742:are drawn. 4722:Marjaʿiyyat 4615:imam khatib 4602:imam khatib 4594:imam khatib 4412:Hindu texts 4402:Brahmachari 4293:archbishops 4256:Lutheranism 3941:cheirotonia 3934:protodeacon 3926:hierodeacon 3871:consecrated 3862:cheirotonia 3819:(right, at 3515:Prayer rope 3435:Iconostasis 3425:Euchologion 3410:Apolytikion 3285:Metousiosis 3250:Chrismation 2882:Scandinavia 2588:Monasticism 2543:Autocephaly 2477:Crucifixion 2251:Members of 2176:Roman curia 2147:Holy Orders 2123:archbishops 1925:Regionarius 1915:Protodeacon 1910:Protopriest 1850:Minor canon 1351:Consecrator 1115:Saint Peter 982:deaconesses 932:Anglicanism 900:Anglicanism 707:Śrāmaṇerikā 473:presbýteros 445:) meaning " 370:, the term 171:clergywoman 13106:Categories 12974:Luxembourg 12864:Inequality 12529:Superclass 12320:Hereditary 12296:Post-Roman 12287:Patrician 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