748:. This strategy is equivalent to saying "Which girl you see over there, she is my daughter" or "Which knife I killed my friend with, the police found that knife". It is "correlative" because of the corresponding "which ... that ..." demonstratives or "which ... she/he/it ..." pronouns, which indicate the respective nouns being equated. The shared noun can either be repeated entirely in the main clause or reduced to a pronoun. There is no need to front the shared noun in such a sentence. For example, in the second example above, Hindi would actually say something equivalent to "I killed my friend with which knife, the police found that knife".
2015:
2870:
4385:). The rules of suppression in Arabic are identical to those of Hebrew: obligatory suppression in the case that the pronoun is the subject of the relative clause, obligatory retention in the case that the pronoun is the object of a preposition, and at the discretion of the speaker if the pronoun is the direct object. The only difference from Hebrew is that, in the case of the direct object, it is preferable to retain the pronoun rather than suppress it.
1023:, which constructs relative clauses of a form similar to "I saw the man yesterday, which he was going home". However, it is sometimes said these languages have no relative clauses at all, since the sentences of this form can equally well translate as "I saw the man who was going home yesterday" or "I saw the man yesterday when/while he was going home".
6680:'gave rice to the child'. In (5), the head is found in some position inside the relative clause. When the head appears to the right of or internally to the relative clause, the complementizer appears to the left of the head. When the head surfaces to the left of the relative clause, the complementizer surfaces to the right of the head.
890:, which has sentences equivalent to "I ate the potato of Hasan's giving to Sina" (in place of "I ate the potato that Hasan gave to Sina"). This can be viewed as a situation in which the "complementizer" is attached to the verb of the embedded clause (e.g. in English, "-ing" or "-ed" can be viewed as a type of complementizer).
5205:. This particle is generally the second word of the clause, and since it does not decline, is often followed by the appropriately cased third-person pronoun to show the relativized noun's role in the embedded clause. A determiner precedes the relativized noun, which is also usually preceded by the clause as a whole.
7092:'that', the complementizer that separates the head from the relative clause, is optional. The relative clause itself is also composed differently. In the examples in (1a), and in (3) to (6), the relative clauses are simple declaratives that contain a gap. However, the relative clause in (7a) looks more like an
6029:
There is a constraint in
Tagalog on the position from which a noun can be relativized and in which a gap can appear: A noun has to be the subject within the relative clause in order for it to be relativized. The phrases in (2) are ungrammatical because the nouns that have been relativized are not the
4550:
in
Japanese can be analyzed as intransitive stative verbs, it can be argued that the structure of the first example (with an adjective) is the same as the others. A number of "adjectival" meanings, in Japanese, are customarily shown with relative clauses consisting solely of a verb or a verb complex:
720:
in the embedded clause, which has the form of a full independent clause. Typically, it is the head noun in the main clause that is reduced or missing. Some languages use relative clauses of this type with the normal strategy of embedding the relative clause next to the head noun. These languages are
7385:
If both the subject and the object are missing from the relative clause, then the main-clause noun could either be the implied subject or the implied object of the relative clause; sometimes which is intended is clear from the context, especially when the subject or object of the verb must be human
7138:
If in
English a relative clause would have a copula and an adjective, in Hawaiian the antecedent is simply modified by the adjective: "The honest man" instead of "the man who is honest". If the English relative clause would have a copula and a noun, in Hawaiian an appositive is used instead: "Paul,
3837:
Both direct and indirect relative particles can be used simply for emphasis, often in answer to a question or as a way of disagreeing with a statement. For instance, the Welsh example above, "y dyn a welais" means not only "the man whom I saw", but also "it was the man (and not anyone else) I saw";
2572:
Information that in
English would be encoded with relative clauses could be represented with complex participles in Ancient Greek. This was made particularly expressive by the rich suite of participles available, with active and passive participles in present, past and future tenses. This is called
557:
There may or may not be any marker used to join the relative and main clauses. (Languages with a case-marked relative pronoun are technically not considered to employ the gapping strategy even though they do in fact have a gap, since the case of the relative pronoun indicates the role of the shared
7142:
If the
English relative pronoun would be the subject of an intransitive or passive verb, in Hawaiian a participle is used instead of a full relative clause: "the people fallen" instead of "the people who fell"; "the thing given" instead of "the thing that was given". But when the relative clause's
5453:
Such relative clauses may be internally headed. In such cases, the modified noun moves into the clause, taking the appropriate declension for its role therein (thus eliminating the need for the third person pronouns in the above examples), and leaves behind the determiner (which now functions as a
573:
with very strong politeness distinctions in their grammars, gapped relative clauses tend, however, to be restricted to positions high up in the accessibility hierarchy. With obliques and genitives, non-verb-final languages that do not have politeness restrictions on pronoun use tend to use pronoun
8140:
However, relative pronouns serving as the subject of a relative clause show more flexibility than in
English; they can be included, as is mandatory in English, they can be omitted, or they can be replaced by another pronoun. For example, all of the following can occur and all mean the same thing:
601:
the embedded sentence, thereby moving the noun in the embedded sentence into the subject position. This, for example, would transform "The person who I gave a book to" into "The person who was given a book by me". Generally, languages such as this "conspire" to implement general relativization by
1366:
These passivized sentences get progressively more ungrammatical in
English as they move down the accessibility hierarchy; the last two, in particular, are so ungrammatical as to be almost unparsable by English speakers. But languages with severe restrictions on which roles can be relativized are
1441:
In
English, a relative clause follows the noun it modifies. It is generally indicated by a relative pronoun at the start of the clause, although sometimes simply by word order. If the relative pronoun is the object of the verb in the relative clause, it comes at the beginning of the clause even
606:
positions — hence a sentence equivalent to "The person who is run slower than by me" is grammatical. Gapping is often used in conjunction with case-marked relative pronouns (since the relative pronoun indicates the case role in the embedded clause), but this is not necessary (e.g. Chinese and
2204:: a relative pronoun's case reflects its role in the relative clause it introduces, while its antecedent's case reflects the antecedent's role in the clause that contains the relative clause. (Nonetheless, it is possible for the pronoun and antecedent to be in the same case.) For example:
853:
case with the head noun (rather than taking the case role of the noun in the embedded clause). Languages with prototypical relative pronouns typically use the gapping strategy for indicating the role in the embedded clause, since the relative pronoun itself indicates the role by its case.
4731:
Here, the preposition "in" is missing from the
Japanese ("missing" in the sense that the corresponding postposition would be used with the main clause verb in Japanese). Common sense indicates what the meaning is in this case, but the "missing preposition" can sometimes create ambiguity.
584:
described below) "... who I know", "... who I gave a book to", "... who I spoke with", "... who I run slower than". Usually, languages with gapping disallow it beyond a certain level in the accessibility hierarchy, and switch to a different strategy at this point.
7975:
also called
Hawaiian Pidgin or simply Pidgin, relative clauses work in a way that is similar to, but not identical to, the way they work in English. As in English, a relative pronoun that serves as the object of the verb in the relative clause can optionally be omitted: For example,
3891:, except in some formal, archaic, or poetic writing. In meaning, the two are interchangeable; they are used regardless of whether the clause is modifying a human, regardless of their grammatical case in the relative clause, and regardless of whether the clause is restrictive.
2168:
Unlike English, which only permits relatively small participle phrases in adjectival positions (typically just the participle and adverbs), and disallows the use of direct objects for active participles, German sentences of this sort can embed clauses of arbitrary complexity.
4885:, there are two strategies for forming relative clauses. The first is similar to that of English or Latin: the modified noun is followed by a relativizer that inflects for its embedded case and may take a postposition. The relativized noun may be preceded by a determiner.
148:
refers back to the referent of that noun. The sentence is equivalent to the following two sentences: "I saw a person yesterday. The person went home". The shared argument need not fulfill the same role in both clauses; in this example the same person is referred to by the
3987:
Nonetheless, many speakers of Modern Hebrew still use the pre-1994 rules, which were based on the German rules (described above). Except for the simple adjective-phrase clauses described above, these speakers set off all relative clauses, restrictive or not, with commas:
619:) used to join the main and embedded clauses. All languages which use relative pronouns have them in clause-initial position: though one could conceivably imagine a clause-final relative pronoun analogous to an adverbial subordinator in that position, they are unknown.
775:) inserted into the sentence, placed next to the modified noun; the embedded clause is likewise inserted into the appropriate position, typically placed on the other side of the complementizer. This strategy is very common and arguably occurs in English with the word
266:
This contains a non-restrictive relative clause since this provides supplementary information about the mayor but is not essential to the sentence. If this clause were omitted, it would still be known who is meant (the mayor), and the remaining part would still make
6235:
The correct Tagalog translations for the intended meanings in (2) are found in (3), where the verbs have been passivized in order to raise the logical direct object in (3a) and the logical indirect object in (3b) to subject position. (Tagalog can have more than one
1496:
case form ("whom") if it is the object of the verb or preposition in the relative clause ("She is the police officer whom I saw", "She is the police officer whom I talked to", "She is the officer to whom I talked"); but in informal usage "whom" is often replaced by
1019:, the most well-known such language, has a structure similar to "Which person I saw yesterday, that person went home" or (without fronting of the relativized noun in the relative clause) "I saw which person yesterday, that person went home". Another example is
885:
in English (e.g. "The person seen by me yesterday went home" or "The person planning to go home soon is my friend"). Formal German makes common use of such participial relative clauses, which can become extremely long. This is also the normal strategy in
1532:
treats "that" as a subordinating conjunction even when it introduces relative clauses. One motivation for the different treatment of "that" is that there are differences between "that" and "which" (e.g., one can say "in which" but not "in that", etc.).
1453:
The choice of relative pronoun can be affected by whether the clause modifies a human or non-human noun, by whether the clause is restrictive or not, and by the role (subject, direct object, or the like) of the relative pronoun in the relative clause.
4047:
More specifically, if this pronoun is the subject of the relative clause, it is always suppressed. If it is the direct object, then it is usually suppressed, though it is also correct to leave it in. (If it is suppressed, then the special preposition
2079:. As in most Germanic languages, including Old English, both of these varieties inflect according to gender, case and number. They take their gender and number from the noun which they modify, but the case from their function in their own clause.
4626:
Often confusing to speakers of languages which use relative pronouns are relative clauses which would in their own languages require a preposition with the pronoun to indicate the semantic relationship among the constituent parts of the phrase.
622:
Some languages have what are described as "relative pronouns" (in that they agree with some properties of the head noun, such as number and gender) but which do not actually indicate the case role of the shared noun in the embedded clause.
1564:, which is inflected for grammatical gender and number, is sometimes used in order to give more precision. For example, any of the following is correct and would translate to "I talked to his/her father and mother, whom I already knew":
168:), on the other hand, does not have an explicit antecedent external to itself. Instead, the relative clause itself takes the place of an argument in the matrix clause. For example, in the English sentence "I like what I see", the clause
526:
There are four main strategies for indicating the role of the shared noun phrase in the embedded clause. These are typically listed in order of the degree to which the noun in the relative clause has been reduced, from most to least:
275:(as in the examples). However, many languages distinguish the two types of relative clauses in this way only in speaking, not in writing. Another difference in English is that only restrictive relative clauses may be introduced with
549:
In this strategy, there is simply a gap in the relative clause where the shared noun would go. This is normal in English, for example, and also in Chinese and Japanese. This is the most common type of relative clause, especially in
1608:
However, in the first sentence, "whom I already knew" refers only to the mother; in the second, it refers to both parents; and in the third, as in the English sentence, it could refer either only to the mother, or to both parents.
4015:
One major difference between relative clauses in Hebrew and those in (for example) English is that in Hebrew, what might be called the "regular" pronoun is not always suppressed in the relative clause. To reuse the prior example:
4052:, used to mark the direct object, is suppressed as well.) If it is the object of a preposition, it must be left in, because in Hebrew—unlike in English—a preposition cannot appear without its object. When the pronoun is left in,
3378:) distinguish two types of relative clause: direct relative clauses and indirect relative clauses. A direct relative clause is used where the relativized element is the subject or the direct object of its clause (e.g. "the man
4195:
Its usage has two specific rules: it agrees with the antecedent in gender, number and case, and it is used only if the antecedent is definite. If the antecedent is indefinite, no relative pronoun is used. The former is called
2588:
uses exactly the same principle as Latin does. The following sentences are the Latin examples translated to Serbo-Croatian (the same sentences apply to the Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin standard variants of the
869:
Directly inserting the embedded clause in the matrix clause at the appropriate position, with no word used to join them. This is common, for example, in English (cf. "The person I saw yesterday went home"), and is used in
7143:
antecedent is a person, the English relative pronoun would be the subject of the relative clause, and the relative clause's verb is active and transitive, a relative clause is used and it begins with the relative pronoun
826:. Many languages also have similar linking words commonly termed "relative pronouns" that agree in some way with the head noun, but do not adopt the case role of the embedded clause. In English, for example, the use of
88:, the main verb of the relative clause may appear in a special morphological variant, or a relative clause may be indicated by word order alone. In some languages, more than one of these mechanisms may be possible.
589:, for example, only allows gapping in the subject and sometimes the direct object; beyond that, a resumptive pronoun must be used. Some languages have no allowed strategies at all past a certain point—e.g. in many
469:—to link the relative clause to the head noun. This occurs in many Sino-Tibetan languages and possibly developed from "relative clause + noun" > "nominalized clause + noun" > "genitive construction"., as in
3954:) have stated that relative clauses are to be punctuated in Hebrew the same way as in English (described above). That is, non-restrictive clauses are to be set off with commas, while restrictive clauses are not:
1097:
can relativize absolutives, ergatives and indirect objects, but not obliques or genitives or objects of comparatives. Similar hierarchies have been proposed in other circumstances, e.g. for pronominal reflexes.
681:, for example, resumptive pronouns are required when the embedded role is other than the subject or direct object, and optional in the case of the direct object. Resumptive pronouns are common in non-verb-final
751:
Dialects of some European languages, such as Italian, do use the nonreduction type in forms that could be glossed in English as "The person just passed us by, she introduced me to the chancellor here."
597:, all relative clauses must have the shared noun serving the subject role in the embedded clause. In these languages, relative clauses with shared nouns serving "disallowed" roles can be expressed by
5647:
is not allowed as the object of a relative clause, so that Indonesian cannot exactly reproduce structures such as "the house that Jack built". Instead, a passive form of construction must be used:
338:; that is, a gap is left in the object position after "saw", implying that the shared noun phrase ("the person") is to be understood to fill that gap and to serve as the object of the verb "saw".
947:
are prototypical languages of this sort. Not all languages fit so easily into these categories. English, for example, is generally head-first, but has adjectives preceding their head nouns, and
615:
This is a type of gapped relative clause, but is distinguished by the fact that the role of the shared noun in the embedded clause is indicated indirectly by the case marking of the marker (the
578:
roles in the embedded clause can be indicated by gapping: e.g. "I saw the person who is my friend", but also (in progressively less accessible positions cross-linguistically, according to the
2192:, relative clauses follow the noun phrases they modify, and are always introduced using relative pronouns. Relative pronouns, like other pronouns in Latin, agree with their antecedents in
2499:
In this example, although the relative pronoun should be in the accusative case, as the object of "obtain", it is attracted to the genitive case of its antecedent ("of the freedom...").
7237:(的). If the relative clause is missing a subject but contains an object (in other words, if the verb is transitive), the main-clause noun is the implied subject of the relative clause:
1378:
The other ungrammatical examples above would still be ungrammatical. These languages often allow an oblique object to be moved to the direct object slot by the use of the so-called
3830:
Although both the Irish relative pronoun and the relativizer are 'a', the relative pronoun triggers lenition of a following consonant, while the relativizer triggers eclipsis (see
7742:
Sometimes a relative clause has both a subject and an object specified, in which case the main-clause noun is the implied object of an implied preposition in the relative clause:
1388:
moves an oblique object to the subject position. The above examples expressed in an applicative voice might be similar to the following (in not necessarily grammatical English):
1011:
Adjoined relative clause. These languages have the relative clause completely outside the main clause, and use a correlative structure to link the two. These languages also have
256:
and is essential to the sentence. If this clause were omitted, it would no longer be known which person is being referred to, and the remaining part would not really make sense.
9258:. The Yugoslav Serbo-Croatian - English contrastive project, New studies; vol. 4. Zagreb: Institute of Linguistics, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb. p. 165.
1524:
The status of "that" as a relative pronoun is not universally agreed. Traditional grammars treat "that" as a relative pronoun, but not all contemporary grammars do: e.g. the
9232:. The Yugoslav Serbo-Croatian - English contrastive project, New studies; vol. 3. Zagreb: Institute of Linguistics, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb. p. 91.
8392:, an English-based creole spoken along the southeastern coast of the United States, no relative pronoun is normally used for the subject of a relative clause. For example:
7154:
If in English a relative pronoun would be the object of a relative clause, in Hawaiian the possessive form is used so as to treat the antecedent as something possessed:
7611:
However, the first meaning (in which the main-clause noun is the subject) is usually intended, as the second can be unambiguously stated using a passive voice marker:
7493:
But sometimes ambiguity arises when it is not clear from the context whether the main-clause noun is intended as the subject or the object of the relative clause:
82:
in the example just given. In other languages, relative clauses may be marked in different ways: they may be introduced by a special class of conjunctions called
4398:
Japanese does not employ relative pronouns to relate relative clauses to their antecedents. Instead, the relative clause directly modifies the noun phrase as an
5583:
language that does not mark verb tense, allows a variety of types of relative clause, normally restrictive. They are usually introduced by the relative pronoun
9294:. Znanstvena biblioteka Hrvatskog filološkog društva; vol. 25 (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb: Matica hrvatska & Hrvatsko filološko društvo. pp. 113–128.
4346:
In Colloquial Arabic the multiple forms of the relative pronoun have been levelled in favour of a single form, a simple conjunction, which in most dialects is
881:
the relative clause (e.g. converting it to a participial construction). Generally, no relative pronoun or complementizer is used. This occurs, for example, in
1085:. If a language can relativize positions lower in the accessibility hierarchy, it can always relativize positions higher up, but not vice versa. For example,
1032:
The antecedent of the relative clause (that is, the noun that is modified by it) can in theory be the subject of the main clause, or its object, or any other
42:
and uses some grammatical device to indicate that one of the arguments in the relative clause refers to the noun or noun phrase. For example, in the sentence
8952:. Sovmestnyj issledovatel'skij sbornik slavistov universitetov v Minske i Bochume (in German). Minsk: Belorusskij gosudarstvennyj universitet. p. 165.
725:
relative clauses, which would be similar to the (ungrammatical) English structure " is my friend" or "I took out on a date". This is used, for example, in
6030:
subjects of their respective relative clauses. In (2a), the gap is in direct object position, while in (2b), the gap is in indirect object position.
2143:
Alternatively, particularly in formal registers, participles (both active and passive) can be used to embed relative clauses in adjectival phrases:
1639:
Contrary to English, the relative pronoun can never be omitted in French, not even when the relative clause is embedded in another relative clause.
140:
For example, in the English sentence "The person whom I saw yesterday went home", the relative clause "whom I saw yesterday" modifies the head noun
8716:
8683:
7233:, the relative clause is similar to other adjectival phrases in that it precedes the noun that it modifies, and ends with the relative particle
673:
yesterday went home". Pronoun retention is very frequently used for relativization of inaccessible positions on the accessibility hierarchy. In
9343:
6018:
The gap inside the relative clause corresponds to the position that the noun acting as the head would have normally taken, had it been in a
326:
Where the embedded clause is placed relative to the head noun (in the process indicating which noun phrase in the main clause is modified).
8975:
7311:
If the object but not the subject is missing from the relative clause, the main-clause noun is the implied object of the relative clause:
1492:
case form ("who") is used if it is the subject of the relative clause ("She is the police officer who saw me"); and, in formal usage, the
558:
noun.) Often the form of the verb is different from that in main clauses and is to some degree nominalized, as in Turkish and in English
113:) appearing in the main clause, and refers back to that element by means of some explicit or implicit device within the relative clause.
554:
languages with prenominal relative clauses, but is also widespread among languages with postnominal externally headed relative clauses.
368:
strategy indicating the role of the shared noun in the embedded clause. One possibility in English. Very common cross-linguistically.)
1525:
9216:
9131:
2102:, but dative because it follows a preposition in its own clause. On the same basis, it would be possible to substitute the pronoun
2035:
relative pronouns are less complicated than English. There are two varieties. The more common one is based on the definite article
7115:'where', as in (7b). The sentence in (7c) is the declarative version of the relative clause in (7a), illustrating where the head,
4365:
As in Hebrew, the regular pronoun referring to the antecedent is repeated in the relative clause - literally, "the boy whom I saw
2574:
9619:
7827:
It is also possible to include the preposition explicitly in the relative clause, but in that case it takes a pronoun object (a
2938:, while its case form depends on its function in the relative clause. The resumptive pronoun never appears in subject function.
779:("the woman that I saw"), though this interpretation of "that" as something other than a relative pronoun is controversial (see
187:
3059:
Relative clauses are relatively frequent in modern Serbo-Croatian since they have expanded as attributes at the expense of the
286:
A non-restrictive relative clause may have a whole sentence as its antecedent rather than a specific noun phrase; for example:
806:. Prototypically, a relative pronoun agrees with the head noun in gender, number, definiteness, animacy, etc., but adopts the
697:
yesterday went home"). They also occur in deeply embedded positions in English, as in "That's the girl that I don't know what
8666:
1367:
precisely those that can passivize almost any position, and hence the last two sentences would be normal in those languages.
390:
indicating the role of the shared noun in the embedded clause—in this case, the direct object. Used in formal English, as in
6683:
There are exceptions to the subjects-only constraint to relativization mentioned above. The first involves relativizing the
1370:
A further example is languages that can relativize only subjects and direct objects. Hence the following would be possible:
271:
In speaking, it is natural to make slight pauses around non-restrictive clauses, and in English this is shown in writing by
9409:
6415:
Tagalog relative clauses can be left-headed, as in (1a) and (3), right-headed, as in (4), or internally headed, as in (5).
6022:. In (1a), the gap is in subject position within the relative clause. This corresponds to the subject position occupied by
1406:
1292:
Languages that cannot relativize directly on noun phrases low in the accessibility hierarchy can sometimes use alternative
1055:
noted that these roles can be ranked cross-linguistically in the following order from most accessible to least accessible:
663:
in the same syntactic position as would ordinarily be occupied by a noun phrase of that type in the main clause—known as a
644:
450:"The 's person went home". (Preceding relative clause with gapping and use of a possessive particle—as normally used in a
1104:
can relativize all positions in the hierarchy. Here are some examples of the NP and relative clause usage from English:
8942:"Pronomina im Antezedenten und Restriktivität/Nicht-Restriktivität von Relativsätzen im Kroatoserbischen und Deutschen"
755:
In general, however, nonreduction is restricted to verb-final languages, though it is more common among those that are
8999:
9535:
9516:
9307:
9187:
9098:
8921:
8757:
8601:
8564:
9144:
Auwera, Johan van der; Kučanda, Dubravko (1985). "Pronoun or conjunction - the Serbo-Croatian invariant relativizer
9032:
1485:
fell is over there")—but some styles and prescriptive grammars require the use of "that" in the restrictive context.
7607:"the people who criticized yesterday are all not here" or "the people whom criticized yesterday are all not here"
7119:'hospital', would have been "before" relativization. The question in (7d) shows the direct question version of the
3838:
and "y dyn y rhois y llyfr iddo" can likewise mean "it was the man (and not anyone else) to whom I gave the book".
3533:
The direct relative particle "a" is not used with "mae" ("is") in Welsh; instead the form "sydd" or "sy'" is used:
8944:[Pronouns in antecedents and restrictive / non-restrictive relative clauses in Serbo-Croatian and German]
927:
are prototypical languages of this sort. Languages that place relative clauses before their head noun (so-called
9542:§72-85. (For the basic "rules" of the English relative pronoun in a presentation suitable for foreign learners.)
1872:
cannot be used because it must agree in gender with its head, and an indefinite pronoun has no gender. Instead,
5825:'that', separating the head, which is the noun being modified, from the actual relative clause. In (1a) below,
3951:
3386:
I saw"), while an indirect relative clause is used where the relativized element is a genitival (e.g. "the man
834:
agrees with the animacy of the head noun, but there is no case agreement except in the formal English contrast
3939:
does not occur with simple adjectives, as Hebrew has a different way of making that distinction. For example,
4791:
In this case, (1) is the context-free interpretation of choice, but (2) is possible with the proper context.
2162:
The government would like to further promote this industry, which has grown rather slowly over the last year.
1636:
with direct objects, however, since verbs in French often reflect the grammatical number of their subjects.)
1528:(pp. 1056–7) makes a case for treating "that" as a subordinator instead of a relative pronoun; and the
9599:
2507:
899:
The positioning of a relative clause before or after a head noun is related to the more general concept of
435:"The person went home". (Similar to the previous, but with the resumptive pronoun fronted. This occurs in
330:
For example, the English sentence "The person that I saw yesterday went home" can be described as follows:
7100:
7096:
6019:
1413:
list, and interacts with other principles in explanations of binding facts. The hierarchy also figures in
9016:
2862:{the cities:NOM.M.PL} which:ACC.M.PL {I am:AUX.1.SG} saw:AP.M.SG were:AP.M.PL are:AUX.3.PL large:NOM.M.PL
1864:
There exists a further complication when the antecedent is a non-human indefinite pronoun. In that case,
1296:
to "raise" the relevant noun phrase so that it can be relativized. The most common example is the use of
866:
only for the prototypical cases (but in this case it is unclear what to call the non-prototypical cases).
551:
356:
The following sentences indicate various possibilities (only some of which are grammatical in English):
9609:
9044:
9011:
8503:
1414:
1041:
8731:
8698:
1712:
This construction is also used in non-possessive cases where the pronoun replaces an object marked by
1516:"I met two women yesterday, one with a thick French accent and one with a mild Italian one. The woman
237:
relative clause modifies the meaning of its head word (restricts its possible referent). For example:
9182:. Languages of the World/Materials; vol. 148. Munich & Newcastle: Lincom Europa. pp. 57–60.
3902:
is used to distinguish adjective phrases used in epithet from adjective phrases used in attribution:
2301:
2178:
1477:
fell, is over there"); while either "which" or "that" may be used in a restrictive clause ("The tree
1059:
Subject > Direct Object > Indirect Object > Oblique > Genitive > Object of comparative
632:
4868:
Without more context, both (1) and (2) are equally viable interpretations of the Japanese sentence.
2014:
6684:
3852:
3375:
3072:
2018:
1682:
1436:
1044:
with prenominal relative clauses, there are major restrictions on the role the antecedent may have
371:"The person went home". (Gapping strategy, with no word joining the clauses—also known as a
280:
20:
9576:
9281:
3594:
There is also a defective verb "piau" (usually lenited to "biau"), corresponding to "who own(s)":
951:
with both preceding and following modifiers ("the friend of my father" vs. "my father's friend").
9384:
9376:
8508:
7968:
3831:
1529:
1063:
900:
882:
580:
559:
406:
372:
8941:
7938:
Free relative clauses are formed in the same way, omitting the modified noun after the particle
9093:]. Studies in Slavic Linguistics; vol. 10 (in German). Munich: Lincom Europa. p. 330.
4140:
3880:
3075:
to the masculine inanimate of the pronoun. The cause lies in the necessity to disambiguate the
2873:
2274:, both are feminine and plural. In the latter example, both are still feminine and plural, and
814:, not matrix, clause. This is the case in a number of conservative European languages, such as
590:
521:
440:
8965:
8891:
Keenan, Edward L.; Comrie, Bernard (1977). "Noun phrase accessibility and Universal Grammar".
61:
to indicate that the same "man" is referred to in the subordinate clause (in this case as its
9368:
2590:
948:
936:
912:
756:
466:
451:
436:
9338:
9210:
9121:
8970:
3365:
3361:
476:"The person went home". (Preceding relative clause with gapping and no linking word, as in
9277:
9175:
9082:
8937:
4402:, occupying the same syntactic space as an attributive adjective (before the noun phrase).
2935:
2516:
2415:, where the case of the relative pronoun can be "attracted" to the case of its antecedent.
741:
640:
133:
3406:
in the examples below) is left in the relative clause at the pronoun's expected position.
2158:
Die Regierung möchte diese im letzten Jahr eher langsam wachsende Industrie weiter fördern
447:
of complementizer and resumptive pronoun behaves similarly to a unitary relative pronoun.)
8:
8829:
McKee, Cecile; McDaniel, Dana (2001), "Resumptive Pronouns in English Relative Clauses",
6237:
5576:
5097:(that.NOM) woman-NOM which-DAT-REL letter-DAT I.will.write.it.to.her Tbilisi-in she.lives
3399:
1751:
can signal the topic of the following clause, without replacing anything in this clause:
1473:
For a non-human antecedent in a non-restrictive clause, only "which" is used ("The tree,
784:
682:
570:
631:
noun. Case-marked relative pronouns in the strict sense are almost entirely confined to
308:
expressed in the main clause, namely the situation of the cat being allowed on the bed.
9552:
8893:
8846:
8654:
8596:]. Language universals series; vol. 3 (in German). Tübingen: G. Narr. p. 438.
7108:
2927:
2912:
2908:
2712:{the cities:NOM.M.PL} which:NOM.M.PL are:PR.3.PL large:NOM.M.PL see:PR.3.PL itself:REFL
2270:
in their respective clauses, so both are in the nominative case; and due to gender and
2197:
2193:
903:
in linguistics. Languages that place relative clauses after their head noun (so-called
859:
665:
481:
417:
181:
9577:
Relative Clause: Does it specify which one? Or does it just describe the one and only?
9531:
9512:
9500:
9456:
9405:
9321:
9313:
9303:
9259:
9233:
9193:
9183:
9157:
9104:
9094:
9061:
8961:
8953:
8917:
8850:
8786:
8763:
8753:
8662:
8650:
8607:
8597:
8570:
8560:
8533:
7132:
4882:
4078:
3076:
2267:
1458:
For a human antecedent, "who", "whom", or "that" is usually used ("She is the person
1380:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1233:
1124:
1086:
1020:
982:
944:
729:, which uses a special relative verb (as with some other Native American languages).
686:
648:
477:
180:
in the main clause. Alternatively, one could argue that the free relative clause has
150:
62:
9581:
5320:
letter-DAT REL 3S.DAT I.will.write.it.to.her that.NOM woman-NOM Tbilisi-in she.lives
9614:
9295:
8873:
8838:
7828:
7489:"the won-today money pays the rent" or "the money that was won today pays the rent"
7230:
7120:
5806:
4399:
4144:
3860:
3395:
3371:
3084:
3080:
2931:
2916:
2904:
2271:
2201:
2063:. The second, which is more literary and used for emphasis, is the relative use of
1101:
1090:
986:
978:
952:
940:
920:
887:
871:
855:
843:
823:
807:
803:
792:
745:
678:
674:
660:
636:
624:
616:
594:
586:
492:
470:
455:
429:
399:
387:
173:
74:
47:
7954:"eat (particle)" may mean "that which is eaten", i.e. "food", or "those who eat".
1513:, was very tall." (non-restrictive—does not narrow down who is being talked about)
172:
is a free relative clause, because it has no antecedent, but itself serves as the
9604:
9504:
9329:
9201:
9112:
9021:
8389:
7972:
7224:
7093:
4089:
4064:
2528:
2032:
2022:
1542:
1502:
1405:
Modern grammars may use the accessibility hierarchy to order productions—e.g. in
1253:
1156:
1094:
1070:
1001:
967:
916:
819:
726:
705:
607:
Japanese both using gapping in conjunction with an indeclinable complementizer).
514:
425:
395:
214:
200:
9571:
8625:
7944:
1628:
may be used instead for greater precision. (This is less common than the use of
894:
762:
627:
has "relative pronouns" which are case-marked, but which agree in case with the
9372:
8877:
8842:
8804:
5814:
4350:, and is never omitted. So in Palestinian Arabic the above sentences would be:
4278:"The boy I saw in class yesterday is missing today". (relative pronoun present)
4119:
4112:
3390:
daughter is in the hospital") or is the object of a preposition (e.g. "the man
2881:
2585:
1919:
The same happens when the antecedent is an entire clause, also lacking gender.
1052:
1037:
878:
643:. The influence of Spanish has led to their adaption by a very small number of
488:
462:
126:
9058:
The syntax of relative clauses in Serbo-Croatian: Viewed on a historical basis
1008:
relative clauses. These languages have a structure equivalent to " went home".
716:
In the nonreduction type, unlike the other three, the shared noun occurs as a
124:. The noun in the main clause that the relative clause modifies is called the
9593:
9251:
9161:
9040:
9007:
8957:
8950:
Slavjano-germanskie jazykovye paralleli/Slawisch-germanische Sprachparallelen
8767:
3398:(unmarked for case) at the beginning; a gap (in terms of syntactic theory, a
2312:
2287:
1520:
was very tall." (restrictive—adds information about who is being referred to)
1385:
1343:
1243:
1140:
1074:
1033:
767:
The following are some of the common strategies for joining the two clauses:
598:
566:
410:
154:
9460:
9325:
9263:
9237:
9197:
9108:
8790:
8611:
8574:
8537:
5201:
A second, more colloquial, strategy is marked by the invariant particle რომ
3348:
car:NOM/ACC.M.SG which:ACC/GEN.M.SG be:AUX.3.SG hit:AP.M.SG bus:NOM/ACC.M.SG
3220:
car:NOM/ACC.M.SG which:NOM/ACC.M.SG be:AUX.3.SG hit:AP.M.SG bus:NOM/ACC.M.SG
2869:
2558:) has a different origin, since it is related to the Sanskrit demonstrative
1442:
though it would come at the end of an independent clause ("She is the woman
708:, have pronoun retention as their sole grammatical type of relative clause.
522:
Strategies for indicating the role of the shared noun in the relative clause
416:"The person went home". (A complementizer linking the two sentences with a
9333:
9205:
9116:
6780:
5555:
woman-DAT REL letter-DAT I.will.write.it.to.her 3S.NOM Tbilisi-in she.lives
2922:
An alternative relativizing strategy is the use of the non-declinable word
1774:
When the pronoun is to act as the object of a preposition (other than when
1263:
1172:
847:
380:
320:
How the role of the shared noun phrase is indicated in the embedded clause.
105:, the type most often considered, qualifies an explicit element (usually a
9065:
4989:(that.NOM) man-NOM which-NOM-REL park=to he.went newspaper-DAT he.reads.it
4153:
3052:
that:NOM.M.SG acquaintance:NOM.M.SG that be:AUX.2.SG him:ACC greet:AP.M.SG
1545:
is as complicated as, but similar in many ways to, the system in English.
1307:
For example, a language that can relativize only subjects could say this:
959:
order, with verb preceding object, but otherwise is generally head-final.
221:
is a relative clause that is not a restrictive relative clause. Whereas a
9299:
5580:
4067:
4057:
3947:
means "The red chair is broken"—literally, "The chair the red broken.")
3864:
3656:
2926:'that' to introduce a relative clause. This word is used together with a
2877:
772:
305:
206:
110:
84:
68:
In many languages, relative clauses are introduced by a special class of
39:
1942:
The preposition always appears before the pronoun, and the prepositions
1669:
When the pronoun is to act in a possessive sense, where the preposition
1548:
When the pronoun is to act as the direct object of the relative clause,
1505:
relative clauses are set off with commas, but restrictive ones are not:
685:
and Asia, and also used by the Celtic languages of northwest Europe and
465:
the final verb, then use of a possessive particle—as normally used in a
461:"The 's person went home". (Preceding relative clause with gapping, and
8661:. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1068–1070.
3063:
performing that function. The most frequently used relative pronoun is
3060:
2900:
2892:
9143:
3950:
Since 1994, the official rules of Modern Hebrew (as determined by the
2495:) you have obtained. = Worthy of the freedom which you have obtained.
420:
indicating the role of the shared noun in the embedded clause, as in
316:
Languages differ in many ways in how relative clauses are expressed:
7942:. As with bound relative clauses, ambiguity may arise; for example,
1914:
C'est manifestement quelque chose à laquelle il a beaucoup réfléchi.
1501:
In English, as in some other languages (such as French; see below),
1470:
I saw"). For a non-human antecedent, only "that" or "which" is used.
131:, or (particularly when referred back to by a relative pronoun) the
9547:
4337:"This is a boy I saw in class yesterday". (relative pronoun absent)
2536:
2302:
the section on relative pronouns in the article on Latin declension
1417:, where it is known as Syntactic Rank or the Relational Hierarchy.
1273:
1188:
939:
preceding the head noun, as well as verbs following their objects.
915:
following the head noun, as well as verbs preceding their objects.
334:
The role of the shared noun in the embedded clause is indicated by
8864:
Lehmann, Christian (1986). "On the typology of relative clauses".
1612:
When the pronoun is to act as the subject of the relative clause,
704:
Only a very small number of languages, of which the best known is
659:
In this type, the position relativized is indicated by means of a
5559:
5324:
5101:
2532:
69:
9317:
9127:
5446:
1S REL 3S.DAT=on I.sit that.NOM chair-NOM Nino-ERG she.bought.it
4275:
al-fatā (a)lladhi ra’aytuhu fī (a)ṣ-ṣaffi ’amsi ġā’ibun al-yawma
3875:(which is also used as a conjunction, with the sense of English
971:
924:
421:
376:
31:
6676:'man', is found after or to the right of the relative clause,
5194:
Nino-ERG (that.NOM) chair-NOM which=on-REL I.sit she.bought.it
2297:
For more information on the forms of Latin relative pronouns,
2286:, its accusative-case counterpart, to reflect its role as the
9572:
SIL Glossary of linguistic terms - What is a relative clause?
9256:
Relative clauses in Serbo-Croatian in comparison with English
9033:
9000:
3394:
I gave the book"). Direct relative clauses are formed with a
2563:
2189:
2152:
The pictures he painted in that style are highly sought after
1016:
895:
Position of the head noun with respect to the relative clause
846:, there is a relative pronoun that agrees in number, gender,
815:
763:
Strategies for joining the relative clause to the main clause
737:
503:
391:
272:
229:
relative clause merely provides supplementary information, a
9371:(2006). "Chapter 3: Complement clause types in Israeli". In
8062:
can also be expressed with the relative pronoun omitted, as
5094:(is) kal-i, romel-sa-c c̣eril-s davuc̣er, tbilis=ši cxovrobs
4073:'that' "might be a shortened form of the Hebrew relativizer
3894:
Further, because Hebrew does not generally use its word for
188:
English relative clauses § Fused relative constructions
8783:
Sentence Comprehension: The Integration of Habits and Rules
8618:
7738:"the people who were criticized yesterday are all not here"
3055:"That acquaintance that (whom) you have said 'hello' to..."
2148:
Die von ihm in jenem Stil gemalten Bilder sind sehr begehrt
106:
35:
7307:"the fruit-growing farmer" or "the farmer who grows fruit"
1859:
C'est une table sur qui on peut mettre beaucoup de choses.
1409:
the hierarchy corresponds to the order of elements on the
858:, where the case marking indicates something else, uses a
701:
did", although this is sometimes considered non-standard.
120:
within a main (or higher-level) clause, thereby forming a
1300:
to relativize obliques, but in such languages as Chukchi
7088:
When an oblique noun phrase is relativized, as in (7a),
6768:'child', is the owner of the injured finger. The phrase
5317:
c̣̣eril-s rom mas davuc̣̣er, is kal-i tbilis=ši cxovrobs
4992:"the man who went to the park is reading the newspaper."
4986:(is) ḳac-i, romel-i-c ṗarḳ=ši c̣avida, gazet-s ḳitxulobs
3087:
means. The nominative-accusative syncretism of the form
2506:) is unrelated to the Latin word, since it derives from
2140:
In German, all relative clauses are marked with commas.
966:
Relative clause following the head noun, as in English,
7381:"the by-them-grown fruit" or "the fruit that they grow"
3071:. One of them is the spread of the genitive-accusative
2411:
However, there is a phenomenon in Ancient Greek called
565:
In non-verb-final languages, apart from languages like
2113:('what') as a relative pronoun when the antecedent is
5091:(ის) ქალი, რომელსაც წერილს დავუწერ, თბილისში ცხოვრობს
1342:
These languages might form an equivalent sentence by
454:—to link the relative clause to the head noun, as in
7735:
yesterday PASS criticize PTCL person all not at here
5552:
kal-s rom c̣̣eril-s davuc̣̣er, is tbilis=ši cxovrobs
4720:
tea-OBJ make purpose for hot-water-OBJ boiled kettle
4355:
alwalad illi shuftō fi (a)ssaff embārih ghāyeb alyōm
2510:
2025:
1304:
are used to raise ergative arguments to absolutive.
9511:. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
9060:. Oslo: I Kommisjon Hos H. Aschehoug. p. 186.
8717:"Relative Clause Structures in the Rawang Language"
8528:Huddleston, Rodney D.; Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2005).
7139:an apostle" instead of "Paul, who was an apostle".
6325:(or: "rice that was given to the child by the man")
1488:Of the relative pronoun pair "who" and "whom", the
1000:relative clause). An example of such a language is
304:refers not to the bed or the cat but to the entire
19:For details about relative clauses in English, see
8752:(5th ed.). Belmont: Thomson & Wadsworth.
4983:(ის) კაცი, რომელიც პარკში წავიდა, გაზეთს კითხულობს
4200:(conjunctive sentence) while the latter is called
3659:at the beginning; the relativized element remains
669:. It is equivalent to saying "The woman who I saw
194:
9548:"Data on the Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy"
5833:'gave rice to the child' is the relative clause.
5558:"the woman who I will write a letter to lives in
5323:"the woman who I will write a letter to lives in
5314:წერილს რომ მას დავუწერ, ის ქალი თბილისში ცხოვრობს
5100:"the woman who I will write a letter to lives in
3745:the man IND-REL is his daughter {in the} hospital
1700:("I spoke with a woman whose son I work with." -
1036:. In many languages, however, especially rigidly
874:in relative clauses that modify indefinite nouns.
771:Use of an indeclinable particle (specifically, a
9591:
9546:Keenan, Edward L.; Comrie, Bernard (June 1979).
9499:
9437:Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar
8649:
8559:] (in German). Hamburg: Buske. p. 117.
8553:Der Relativsatz in den indoeuropäischen Sprachen
8527:
6957:ACT.asked 3SG.NOM Q-COMP where PAS.bore NOM Juan
5587:, which stands for "who"/"which"/"what"/"that".
693:-am văzut ieri a mers acasă"/"The man who I saw
53:is a relative clause since it modifies the noun
9525:
8557:Relative Clauses in the Indo-European Languages
7604:yesterday criticize PTCL person all not at here
6411:(or: "child that was given rice to by the man")
6026:'the man' in the declarative sentence in (1b).
3067:. There are several ongoing changes concerning
1509:"I met a woman and a man yesterday. The woman,
977:Relative clause preceding the head noun, as in
9439:. Univ. of California Press. pp. 579–585.
8532:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 183ff.
6893:
5517:
5365:
5339:
5243:
2715:"The cities, which are large, are being seen."
2047:, but with distinctive forms in the genitive (
1673:(of/from) would normally be used, the pronoun
1286:The first person will win a million dollars.
1077:> Indirect Object > etc. (same as above)
935:languages) generally also have adjectives and
911:languages) generally also have adjectives and
248:This contains the restrictive relative clause
9509:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
8948:. In Suprun, Adam E; Jachnow, Helmut (eds.).
8828:
8781:Townsend, David J.; Bever, Thomas G. (2001).
8780:
8659:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
6954:Nagtanong siya kung saan ipinanganak si Juan.
6687:of a noun phrase within the relative clause.
5640:"the person who built/is building that house"
5549:ქალს რომ წერილს დავუწერ, ის თბილისში ცხოვრობს
3855:, relative clauses were headed with the word
2502:The Ancient Greek relative pronoun ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (
1770:I believe that he must make a lot of money.")
635:, where they are widespread except among the
9545:
9485:
9435:Li, Charles N.; Thompson, Sandra A. (1981).
9381:Complementation: A Cross-Linguistic Typology
9230:Relativization in English and Serbo-Croatian
9077:
9075:
8890:
8377:There's one other girl she no can stay still
8220:There's one other girl who no can stay still
6867:hospital COMP Q-COMP where PAS.bore NOM Juan
6779:Another exception involves relativizing the
5443:me rom mas=ze vzivar, is sḳam-i Nino-m iqida
5191:Nino-m (is) sḳam-i, romel=ze-c vzivar, iqida
4148:
3655:Indirect relative clauses are formed with a
2903:. Both words are two case forms of the same
2000:
1992:
1984:
1976:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1924:
1885:
1874:
1866:
1840:
1825:
1803:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1762:je crois qu'il doit très bien gagner sa vie.
1756:
1745:
1725:
1714:
1690:
1675:
1651:
1630:
1622:
1614:
1595:
1582:
1569:
1558:
1550:
383:, as in "a person" instead of "the person".)
116:The relative clause may also function as an
9455:. Cambridge University Press. p. 189.
8914:Language Universals and Linguistic Typology
8530:A Student's Introduction to English Grammar
5810:
4717:kōcha-o ireru tame ni oyu-o wakashita yakan
4099:, or it was a convergence of Proto-Semitic
3748:"the man whose daughter is in the hospital"
2059:). Historically this is related to English
9434:
9367:
8223:There's another girl who cannot stay still
7962:
7831:with the function of a relative pronoun):
7732:zuótiān bèi pīping de rén dōu bu zài zhèlǐ
6228:{} child COMP ACT.gave NOM man ACC rice {}
6130:for: "rice that the man gave to the child"
6127:{} rice COMP ACT.gave NOM man {} DAT child
4360:hāda walad illi shuftō fi (a)ssaff embārih
3823:the man IND-REL {I gave} the book {to him}
2934:that agrees in gender and number with the
2315:follows (almost) the same rules as Latin.
1425:
1027:
44:I met a man who wasn't too sure of himself
9530:(4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
9072:
8055:I never see the book that Lisa (past) buy
7189:
6772:'the finger' is the subject of the verb,
5566:
5440:მე რომ მასზე ვზივარ, ის სკამი ნინომ იყიდა
4334:hāḏā fatan ra’aytu-hu fī (a)ṣ-ṣaffi ’amsi
4184:(accusative and genitive), feminine dual
3304:
3176:
3027:
2803:
2784:
2179:Spanish pronouns § Relative pronouns
2084:Das Haus, in dem ich wohne, ist sehr alt.
2031:Aside from their highly inflected forms,
1681:("whose") is used, but does not act as a
1526:Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
862:.) Some linguists prefer to use the term
654:
544:
213:is a relative clause that functions as a
205:Bound relative clauses may or may not be
9526:Thomson, A. J.; Martinet, A. V. (1986).
8785:. Cambridge: MIT Press. pp. 247–9.
8295:There's one other girl no can stay still
7934:"the person for whom I drew the picture"
5449:"Nino bought the chair I am sitting in."
5197:"Nino bought the chair I am sitting in."
5188:ნინომ (ის) სკამი, რომელზეც ვზივარ, იყიდა
4164:(masculine singular), feminine singular
4147:there is a relative pronoun (in Arabic:
3331:
3308:
3270:
3245:
3203:
3180:
3142:
3117:
3031:
2970:
2951:
2868:
2845:
2807:
2788:
2750:
2729:
2665:
2627:
2606:
2125:('everything', 'something', 'nothing').
2013:
1798:can be used if the antecedent is human.
962:Various possibilities for ordering are:
610:
323:How the two clauses are joined together.
279:or use the "zero" relative pronoun (see
9424:, Dover, 2004 (originally 1864): 45-47.
9397:
8863:
8714:
8587:
8550:
7064:
6983:
6940:
6897:
6847:
6729:
6606:
6541:
6437:
6386:
6199:
6181:
6080:
5969:
5949:
5921:man COMP ACT.gave {} ACC rice DAT child
5883:
5751:"what is most surprising is its colour"
5702:Relative clauses with no antecedent to
5521:
5409:
5395:
5286:
5272:
5146:
5131:
5020:
5005:
4926:
4912:
4897:
4272:الفتى الذي رأيته في الصف أمس غائب اليوم
3871:became interchangeable with the prefix
3335:
3327:
3323:
3312:
3293:
3274:
3262:
3249:
3241:
3237:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3184:
3165:
3146:
3138:
3134:
3121:
3113:
3109:
3035:
3016:
3003:
2974:
2966:
2955:
2947:
2841:
2792:
2773:
2746:
2725:
2661:
2623:
2602:
2134:Everything that Jack does is a success.
1880:, which usually means "what", is used.
16:Grammatical structure in some languages
9592:
9433:The examples in this section are from
9276:
9250:
9174:
9081:
9055:
8936:
8747:
8058:I didn't see the book that Lisa bought
7931:I for her/him draw picture PTCL person
7823:the brushpen that I write letters with
7601:zuótiān pīping de rén dōu bu zài zhèlǐ
6231:for: "child that the man gave rice to"
5479:
5352:
5230:
5160:
5038:
4930:
4871:
3782:
3696:
3622:
3561:
3509:
3439:
3285:
3157:
2995:
2865:"The cities, which I saw, were large."
2822:
2765:
2109:However, German uses the uninflecting
2088:The house in which I live is very old.
1012:
1005:
574:retention. English is unusual in that
531:Gap strategy or gapped relative clause
375:. One possibility in English. Used in
9227:
8822:
8681:
8374:Get wan nada grl shi no kaen ste stil
7633:
7053:
7003:
6972:
6929:
6907:
6836:
6814:
6719:
6368:
6358:
6323:"rice that the man gave to the child"
6282:
6271:
6225:=ng nagbigay ang lalaki ng bigas ____
5423:
5117:
4781:(1) "the person who made the tempura"
3742:an fear a bhfuil a iníon san ospidéal
3266:
2999:
2849:
2830:
2811:
2754:
2733:
2688:
2669:
2650:
2631:
2610:
2554:The Greek definite article ὁ, ἡ, τό (
2278:is still in the nominative case, but
1620:is generally used, though as before,
1597:J'ai parlé avec son père et sa mère,
1584:J'ai parlé avec son père et sa mère,
1571:J'ai parlé avec son père et sa mère,
8521:
8217:Get wan nada grl hu no kaen ste stil
8133:I never see the book Lisa (past) buy
7185:
7107:'if', and a pre-verbally positioned
6882:
6757:child COMP injured.PAS NOM finger {}
6665:ACT.gave ACC rice COMP man DAT child
6595:
6580:ACT.gave COMP man ACC rice DAT child
6510:
6495:ACT.gave ACC rice DAT child COMP man
6426:
6406:child COMP gave.PAS GEN man ACC rice
6320:rice COMP PAS.gave GEN man DAT child
6170:
6069:
5936:
5864:
4388:
4341:
4126:can only function as a relativize."
3923:("The chair next to you is broken."—
3841:
3648:the man {DIR-REL + owns} castle huge
3366:Welsh syntax § Relative clauses
3362:Irish syntax § Relative clauses
3289:
3161:
3091:is inadequate, so the genitive form
2826:
2769:
2684:
2646:
1446:I saw", not "She is the woman I saw
1407:Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
1066:languages have a similar hierarchy:
810:that the shared noun assumes in the
791:placed after the modified noun); in
711:
311:
9486:Sakoda, Kent; Siegel, Jeff (2003).
9473:
9450:
9400:Indonesian: A Comprehensive Grammar
9087:Der Relativsatz im Serbokroatischen
8981:from the original on 29 August 2012
8052:Ai neva si da buk daet Lisa wen bai
7486:today win PTCL money pay house rent
7165:
7135:are avoided unless they are short.
6911:
6818:
6804:
6708:
6644:
6624:
6559:
6521:
6473:
6455:
6347:
6300:
6261:
6160:
6124:na nagbigay ang lalaki ____ sa bata
6106:
6059:
6011:ACT.gave NOM man ACC rice DAT child
5987:
5901:
5854:
5813:to form relative clauses, with the
5797:"what he heard was very surprising"
5791:yang didengarnya mengejutkan sekali
5493:
5466:
5369:
5247:
5217:
5052:
5034:
4966:
4851:I-SUBJ article-OBJ wrote restaurant
4817:
4744:
4686:
4639:
4502:
4149:
3355:
2680:
2642:
2130:Alles, was Jack macht, gelingt ihm.
1541:The system of relative pronouns in
1004:. These languages are said to have
13:
9453:Chinese: A Linguistic Introduction
9404:§§ 2.45, 2.77, 3.97–107, 3.171–5.
9091:Relative Clauses in Serbo-Croatian
8911:
7181:
6864:(na) kung saan ipinanganak si Juan
5918:=ng nagbigay ____ ng bigas sa bata
4783:(2) "the person made the tempura
4516:
4463:
4134:
2523:before a vowel usually changed to
1926:Il m'a dit d'aller me faire voir,
1846:on peut mettre beaucoup de choses.
1743:More generally, in modern French,
1661:(literally: "Here is what I think
1093:only absolutive arguments, whilst
647:, of which the best known are the
14:
9631:
9565:
8292:Get wan nada grl no kaen ste stil
8136:I didn't see the book Lisa bought
7386:and the other must be non-human:
6668:"man that gave rice to the child"
6583:"man that gave rice to the child"
6498:"man that gave rice to the child"
6409:"child that the man gave rice to"
6014:"The man gave rice to the child."
5924:"man that gave rice to the child"
5794:what heard-by-him surprising very
3826:"the man to whom I gave the book"
3587:the man {DIR-REL + is} hairy very
3100:Nominative-accusative syncretism:
2699:
2580:
2098:is neuter singular to agree with
799:placed before the modified noun).
96:
9422:Introduction to Hawaiian Grammar
9349:from the original on 4 June 2012
8630:SIL Glossary of Linguistic Terms
8493:Isn't it they who saw him there?
7897:
7786:
7657:
7526:
7419:
7344:
7270:
7033:"Juan was born at the hospital."
6960:"She asked where Juan was born."
6760:"child whose finger was injured"
5829:'man' serves as the head, while
5745:yang paling mengejutkan warnanya
4542:"the person who ate the tempura"
4056:might more properly be called a
4011:you are sitting on, is broken.")
3969:you are sitting on, is broken.")
3778:
3692:
3651:"the man who owns a huge castle"
2307:
1089:can relativize only subject and
291:The cat was allowed on the bed,
252:, which modifies the meaning of
9479:
9467:
9443:
9427:
9414:
9391:
9361:
9270:
9244:
9221:
9168:
9137:
9049:
9026:
8993:
8930:
8905:
8884:
8857:
8797:
7483:jīntiān yíng de qián fù fáng zū
7209:"the poncho he is dancing with"
6403:=ng binigyan ng lalaki ng bigas
5748:what most surprising its-colour
5454:pronoun) in the matrix clause.
4803:
4449:
4003:you are sitting on is broken,"
3983:you are sitting on is broken.")
3909:("The chair is next to you." -
3228:Genitive-accusative syncretism:
1575:(f. sing.) je connaissais déjà.
1518:who had the thick French accent
1481:fell is over there", "The tree
1278:The girl told me she was sad.
1221:
1106:
364:linking the two clauses with a
219:non-restrictive relative clause
195:Restrictive and non-restrictive
9620:Grammatical construction types
8805:"WALS Online - Language Acoma"
8774:
8741:
8708:
8675:
8643:
8581:
8544:
8490:Ain't it them {saw him} there?
8130:Ai neva si da buk Lisa wen bai
7950:
7030:PAS.bore NOM Juan LOC hospital
6870:"hospital where Juan was born"
5634:orang yang membangun rumah itu
4848:boku-ga kiji-o kaita resutoran
3952:Academy of the Hebrew Language
3943:means "The chair red", while
3618:
3557:
3505:
3435:
1854:you can put a lot of things".)
1113:With explicit relative pronoun
498:", that person went home". (A
413:. One possibility in English.)
348:The embedded clause is placed
341:The clauses are joined by the
153:of the matrix clause, but the
51:who wasn't too sure of himself
1:
9490:. Bess Press. pp. 102ff.
8514:
7156:the things of me to have seen
6754:=ng nasugatan ang daliri ____
6489:nagbigay ng bigas sa bata na
6317:na ibinigay ng lalaki sa bata
5571:
4489:"the tempura my sister made"
4486:sister-SUBJ make-PAST tempura
1588:(m. pl.) je connaissais déjà.
1511:who had a thick French accent
1116:With omitted relative pronoun
264:, has not been seen for days.
8730:(4): 797–812. Archived from
8697:(4): 735–768. Archived from
7820:I write letter PTCL brushpen
4077:'that', which is related to
3913:, "The-chair next-to-you.")
2462:
2452:
2440:
2430:
2422:
2372:
2364:
2356:
2346:
2333:
2322:
2055:) and in the dative plural (
2026:restrictive relative clauses
1556:is generally used, although
1248:I gave a rose to the girl .
780:
602:allowing passivization from
511:unreduced, internally headed
405:"The person went home". (A
386:"The person went home". (A
360:"The person went home". (A
7:
9528:A Practical English Grammar
8588:Lehmann, Christian (1984).
8497:
7906:
7893:
7882:
7871:
7860:
7849:
7838:
7795:
7782:
7771:
7760:
7749:
7710:
7699:
7688:
7677:
7666:
7653:
7642:
7629:
7618:
7579:
7568:
7557:
7546:
7535:
7522:
7511:
7500:
7461:
7450:
7439:
7428:
7415:
7404:
7393:
7353:
7340:
7329:
7318:
7279:
7266:
7255:
7244:
7218:
7160:Here is theirs to have seen
7158:= "the things that I saw";
7126:
7123:indirect question in (7b).
5693:rumah yang dibangun {} Jack
5637:person who build house that
4876:
4723:"the kettle I boiled water
4539:tempura-OBJ eat-PAST person
4393:
4326:
4318:
4310:
4302:
4294:
4286:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4243:
4235:
4227:
4219:
4211:
4154:
3590:"the man who is very hairy"
1462:saw me", "He is the person
1420:
1042:dependent-marking languages
352:the head noun "the person".
246:has not been seen for days.
211:restrictive relative clause
185:
144:, and the relative pronoun
10:
9636:
9034:
9001:
8878:10.1515/ling.1986.24.4.663
8843:10.1207/s15327817la0902_01
8715:LaPolla, Randy J. (2008).
8504:Long-distance dependencies
7957:
7222:
7213:
7162:= This is what they saw".
7149:The one who me (past) sent
6240:form for any given verb.)
5801:
4331:هذا فتًى رأيته في الصف أمس
3859:, which could be either a
3820:y dyn y rhois y llyfr iddo
3645:y dyn piau castell anferth
3359:
2859:sam vidio, bili su veliki.
2575:the attributive participle
2511:
2226:are large, are being seen.
2176:
2172:
2075:, comparable with English
1934:("He told me to get lost,
1790:is generally used, though
1708:the son is my colleague.")
1692:J'ai parlé avec une femme
1685:for the noun "possessed":
1466:I saw", "He is the person
1434:
1430:
1415:Lexical Functional Grammar
1331:The girl came to visit. (
487:"The person went home". (
439:and as one possibility in
198:
18:
8748:Carrol, David W. (2008).
8684:"Relativization in Qiang"
8682:Huang, Chenglong (2008).
8383:
7943:
7170:
7151:= "the one who sent me".
7078:Saan ipinanganak si Juan?
6678:nagbigay ng bigas sa bata
5831:nagbigay ng bigas sa bata
4714:紅茶を 淹れる ため に お湯を 沸かした やかん
4586:"an illuminated building"
4546:In fact, since so-called
4129:
4060:than a relative pronoun.
3997:at yoshevet alav, shavur.
3963:at yoshevet alav, shavur.
3887:is much more common than
3846:
3472:the man DIR-REL saw {} me
2009:
1696:le fils est mon collègue.
1536:
1081:This order is called the
736:-clause strategy used by
732:A second strategy is the
645:Native American languages
9377:Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.
8724:Language and Linguistics
8691:Language and Linguistics
8551:Kurzová, Helena (1981).
8442:It's he who cries out so
7301:zhòng shuǐguǒ de nóngrén
4436:"this delicious tempura"
4204:(descriptive sentence).
3977:at yoshevet alav shavur.
3931:--next-to-you broken.")
3663:in the relative clause.
3469:an fear a chonaic (t) mé
3376:Insular Celtic languages
2907:, that is inflicted for
2216:sunt magnae, videntur. (
2183:
1704:, "I spoke with a woman
1437:English relative clauses
1401:The girl came to visit.
1398:The girl came to visit.
1395:The girl came to visit.
1392:The girl came to visit.
1374:The girl came to visit.
1362:The girl came to visit.
1359:The girl came to visit.
1356:The girl came to visit.
1353:The girl came to visit.
1350:The girl came to visit.
1338:The girl came to visit.
1328:The girl came to visit.
1325:The girl came to visit.
1322:The girl came to visit.
1319:The girl came to visit.
1311:The girl came to visit.
1238:The girl is my sister.
996:the relative clause (an
883:reduced relative clauses
718:full-fledged noun phrase
560:reduced relative clauses
281:English relative clauses
157:of the relative clause.
91:
21:English relative clauses
9398:Sneddon, J. N. (1996).
9385:Oxford University Press
9017:A Greek–English Lexicon
8509:Reduced relative clause
7969:Hawaiian Creole English
7963:Hawaiian Creole English
7928:wǒ tì tā huà huà de rén
7206:dance-INF-3.POSS poncho
7081:where PAS.bore NOM Juan
4778:tempura-OBJ made person
4775:tempura-o tsukutta hito
4483:ane-ga tsukutta tempura
3945:Ha-kis'e ha-adom shavur
3832:Irish initial mutations
3526:the man DIR-REL {I saw}
2887:In the first sentence,
2459:
2447:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2341:
2327:
2319:
2258:In the former example,
1894:il a beaucoup réfléchi.
1530:British National Corpus
1426:Indo-European languages
1083:accessibility hierarchy
1028:Accessibility hierarchy
581:accessibility hierarchy
513:relative clause, as in
491:relative clause, as in
407:reduced relative clause
373:reduced relative clause
262:who lives in this house
250:who lives in this house
244:who lives in this house
9583:Using relative clauses
8750:Psychology of Language
8487:Enty duh dem shum dey?
7903:
7890:
7879:
7868:
7857:
7846:
7835:
7792:
7779:
7768:
7757:
7746:
7707:
7696:
7685:
7674:
7663:
7650:
7639:
7626:
7615:
7576:
7565:
7554:
7543:
7532:
7519:
7508:
7497:
7458:
7447:
7436:
7425:
7412:
7401:
7390:
7375:tāmen zhòng de shuǐguǒ
7350:
7337:
7326:
7315:
7304:grow fruit PTCL farmer
7276:
7263:
7252:
7241:
7084:"Where was Juan born?"
5696:house that built Jack
5567:Austronesian languages
5506:I.will.write.it.to.her
5260:I.will.write.it.to.her
5065:I.will.write.it.to.her
4323:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4283:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4240:
4232:
4224:
4216:
4208:
4084:'place' (cf. Semitic *
3584:y dyn sy'n blewog iawn
2884:
2028:
2001:
1993:
1985:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1958:(at/to) contract with
1953:
1945:
1925:
1886:
1875:
1867:
1841:
1826:
1804:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1757:
1746:
1726:
1715:
1691:
1676:
1653:Voilà ce que je crois
1652:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1596:
1583:
1570:
1559:
1551:
1333:equivalent to previous
1258:John knows the girl .
1046:in the relative clause
949:genitive constructions
655:Pronoun retention type
591:Austronesian languages
545:Gapped relative clause
379:when the head noun is
9451:Sun, Chaofen (2006).
9449:This example is from
9056:Gallis, Arne (1956).
9008:Liddell, Henry George
7223:Further information:
6658:nagbigay ng bigas na
4536:tempura-o tabeta hito
3374:(at least the modern
2872:
2591:pluricentric language
2396:eîdon, megálai eisin.
2385:εἶδον, μεγάλαι εἰσίν.
2282:has been replaced by
2094:The relative pronoun
2017:
1905:he has thought a lot
1643:Here is what I think
1219:Some other examples:
611:Relative pronoun type
467:genitive construction
452:genitive construction
293:which annoyed the dog
103:bound relative clause
57:and uses the pronoun
9300:10.2139/ssrn.3460911
9228:Maček, Dora (1986).
8916:. pp. 156–163.
8831:Language Acquisition
7729:昨天 被 批评 的 人 都 不 在 这里
7378:they grow PTCL fruit
7131:Relative clauses in
7099:, complete with the
7020:Ipinanganak si Juan
6020:declarative sentence
3529:"the man whom I saw"
3475:"the man who saw me"
2915:(here: plural), and
2895:, and in the second
1938:I replied that ...")
1898:("This is obviously
1887:C'est manifestement
1601:je connaissais déjà.
1183:That's the person .
1167:That's the person .
742:Indo-Aryan languages
215:restrictive modifier
162:free relative clause
9600:Linguistic typology
9586:, by Jennifer Frost
9505:Pullum, Geoffrey K.
9369:Zuckermann, Ghil'ad
8737:on 29 October 2013.
8704:on 14 October 2021.
8655:Pullum, Geoffrey K.
7971:, an English-based
7817:wǒ xiě xìn de máobǐ
4872:Caucasian languages
4864:I wrote an article"
4858:I wrote an article"
4433:kono oishii tempura
4168:, masculine plural
3907:Ha-kise l'-yad-ekh.
2911:(here: masculine),
2709:su veliki, vide se.
2508:Proto-Indo-European
2240:vīdī, erant magnae.
1930:j'ai répondu que...
1813:("These are people
1268:I found the rock .
1213:That's the woman .
1199:That's the woman .
1180:That's the person .
1177:That's the person .
1164:That's the person .
1161:That's the person .
1151:That's the woman .
1135:That's the woman .
1064:Ergative–absolutive
785:varieties of Arabic
683:languages of Africa
184:as its antecedent.
9501:Huddleston, Rodney
9420:Alexander, W. D.,
9283:Relativna rečenica
8894:Linguistic Inquiry
8651:Huddleston, Rodney
8436:Duh him cry out so
7598:昨天 批评 的 人 都 不 在 这里
7480:(用)今天 赢 的 钱 来 付 房租
6764:In (6), the head,
6672:In (4), the head,
4860:(2) "a restaurant
4854:(1) "a restaurant
4369:in class..." (the
4172:, feminine plural
4118:functions both as
4088:). Alternatively,
3921:l'-yad-ekh shavur.
3867:. In later times,
3382:saw me", "the man
2928:resumptive pronoun
2885:
2539:relative pronouns
2252:I saw, were large.
2029:
1850:("This is a table
1298:applicative voices
1210:That's the woman .
1207:That's the woman .
1193:That's the woman .
1148:That's the woman .
1145:That's the woman .
1129:That's the woman .
1119:In formal English
1051:Edward Keenan and
1015:relative clauses.
937:genitive modifiers
913:genitive modifiers
860:resumptive pronoun
666:resumptive pronoun
633:European languages
509:" went home." (An
443:; the combination
418:resumptive pronoun
48:subordinate clause
9610:Generative syntax
8912:Comrie, Bernard.
8668:978-0-521-43146-0
8626:"Matrix Sentence"
8439:It him cry out so
6008:ng bigas sa bata.
4389:Japonic languages
4342:Colloquial Arabic
4192:(acc. and gen.).
4176:, masculine dual
4122:and relativizer,
3842:Semitic languages
3345:je udario autobus
3217:je udario autobus
2547:changed to short
2504:hós, hḗ, hó
2266:both function as
1827:Ce sont des gens
1805:Ce sont des gens
1735:("That's the man
1381:applicative voice
1290:
1289:
1217:
1216:
998:internally headed
783:). In the modern
723:internally headed
712:Nonreduction type
649:Keresan languages
641:Indo-Aryan family
537:Pronoun retention
502:structure, as in
312:Formation methods
75:relative pronouns
9627:
9561:
9541:
9522:
9492:
9491:
9483:
9477:
9471:
9465:
9464:
9447:
9441:
9440:
9431:
9425:
9418:
9412:
9410:978-0415-15529-8
9403:
9395:
9389:
9388:
9365:
9359:
9358:
9356:
9354:
9348:
9341:
9293:
9288:Relative Clauses
9278:Kordić, Snježana
9274:
9268:
9267:
9248:
9242:
9241:
9225:
9219:
9215:
9213:
9176:Kordić, Snježana
9172:
9166:
9165:
9141:
9135:
9126:
9124:
9083:Kordić, Snježana
9079:
9070:
9069:
9053:
9047:
9037:
9036:
9030:
9024:
9004:
9003:
8997:
8991:
8990:
8988:
8986:
8980:
8973:
8947:
8938:Kordić, Snježana
8934:
8928:
8927:
8909:
8903:
8902:
8888:
8882:
8881:
8861:
8855:
8853:
8826:
8820:
8819:
8817:
8815:
8801:
8795:
8794:
8778:
8772:
8771:
8745:
8739:
8738:
8736:
8721:
8712:
8706:
8705:
8703:
8688:
8679:
8673:
8672:
8647:
8641:
8640:
8638:
8636:
8622:
8616:
8615:
8594:Relative Clauses
8585:
8579:
8578:
8548:
8542:
8541:
8525:
7952:
7947:
7899:
7829:personal pronoun
7788:
7659:
7635:
7528:
7421:
7346:
7272:
7231:Mandarin Chinese
7191:
7187:
7183:
7166:Andean languages
7103:complementizer,
7066:
7055:
7005:
6985:
6974:
6942:
6931:
6913:
6909:
6899:
6895:
6884:
6849:
6838:
6820:
6816:
6806:
6731:
6721:
6710:
6646:
6626:
6608:
6597:
6577:ng bigas sa bata
6561:
6543:
6523:
6512:
6475:
6457:
6439:
6428:
6388:
6370:
6360:
6349:
6302:
6284:
6273:
6263:
6201:
6183:
6172:
6162:
6108:
6082:
6071:
6061:
5989:
5971:
5951:
5938:
5903:
5885:
5866:
5856:
5811:gapping strategy
5523:
5519:
5495:
5481:
5468:
5425:
5411:
5397:
5371:
5367:
5354:
5341:
5288:
5274:
5249:
5245:
5232:
5219:
5162:
5148:
5133:
5119:
5054:
5040:
5036:
5022:
5007:
4968:
4932:
4928:
4914:
4899:
4845:僕が 記事を 書いた レストラン
4819:
4805:
4746:
4688:
4641:
4580:hikatte-iru biru
4518:
4504:
4465:
4451:
4400:attributive verb
4159:
4156:al-ism al-mawṣūl
4152:
4151:
4145:Classical Arabic
4039:you are sitting
3861:relative pronoun
3784:
3780:
3698:
3694:
3624:
3620:
3563:
3559:
3511:
3507:
3441:
3437:
3402:, indicated by (
3396:relative pronoun
3372:Celtic languages
3356:Celtic languages
3351:"Car hit by bus"
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3018:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2932:personal pronoun
2905:relative pronoun
2851:
2847:
2843:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2701:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2514:
2513:
2407:I saw are large.
2272:number agreement
2004:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1932:
1896:
1878:
1870:
1848:
1842:C'est une table
1833:
1831:on peut compter.
1817:can be depended
1811:
1809:on peut compter.
1796:
1788:
1780:
1764:
1749:
1733:
1718:
1698:
1679:
1659:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1603:
1590:
1577:
1562:
1554:
1222:
1107:
872:Classical Arabic
864:relative pronoun
856:Classical Arabic
844:Classical Arabic
842:. Similarly, in
804:relative pronoun
679:Classical Arabic
661:personal pronoun
625:Classical Arabic
617:relative pronoun
587:Classical Arabic
534:Relative pronoun
388:relative pronoun
191:
34:that modifies a
9635:
9634:
9630:
9629:
9628:
9626:
9625:
9624:
9590:
9589:
9568:
9538:
9519:
9496:
9495:
9484:
9480:
9472:
9468:
9448:
9444:
9432:
9428:
9419:
9415:
9396:
9392:
9373:Dixon, R. M. W.
9366:
9362:
9352:
9350:
9346:
9337:
9310:
9291:
9275:
9271:
9249:
9245:
9226:
9222:
9209:
9190:
9173:
9169:
9142:
9138:
9120:
9101:
9080:
9073:
9054:
9050:
9031:
9027:
9022:Perseus Project
8998:
8994:
8984:
8982:
8978:
8969:
8945:
8935:
8931:
8924:
8910:
8906:
8889:
8885:
8862:
8858:
8827:
8823:
8813:
8811:
8803:
8802:
8798:
8779:
8775:
8760:
8746:
8742:
8734:
8719:
8713:
8709:
8701:
8686:
8680:
8676:
8669:
8648:
8644:
8634:
8632:
8624:
8623:
8619:
8604:
8590:Der Relativsatz
8586:
8582:
8567:
8549:
8545:
8526:
8522:
8517:
8500:
8495:
8485:
8477:
8469:
8461:
8453:
8444:
8434:
8426:
8418:
8410:
8402:
8386:
8381:
8372:
8364:
8356:
8348:
8340:
8332:
8324:
8316:
8308:
8299:
8290:
8282:
8274:
8266:
8258:
8250:
8242:
8234:
8225:
8215:
8207:
8199:
8191:
8183:
8175:
8167:
8159:
8151:
8138:
8128:
8120:
8112:
8104:
8096:
8088:
8080:
8072:
8060:
8050:
8042:
8034:
8026:
8018:
8010:
8002:
7994:
7986:
7965:
7960:
7936:
7923:
7912:
7901:
7888:
7877:
7866:
7855:
7844:
7825:
7812:
7801:
7790:
7777:
7766:
7755:
7740:
7727:
7719:(昨天被批評的人都不在這裡。)
7716:
7705:
7694:
7683:
7672:
7661:
7648:
7637:
7624:
7609:
7596:
7585:
7574:
7563:
7552:
7541:
7530:
7517:
7506:
7491:
7478:
7470:((用)今天贏的錢來付房租。)
7467:
7456:
7445:
7434:
7423:
7410:
7399:
7383:
7370:
7359:
7348:
7335:
7324:
7309:
7296:
7285:
7274:
7261:
7250:
7227:
7225:Chinese grammar
7221:
7216:
7211:
7203:thuquñap punchu
7201:
7193:
7173:
7168:
7129:
7086:
7076:
7068:
7058:
7047:
7039:
7035:
7018:
7007:
6995:
6987:
6977:
6966:
6962:
6952:
6944:
6934:
6923:
6915:
6901:
6887:
6876:
6872:
6859:
6851:
6841:
6830:
6822:
6808:
6798:
6788:
6776:'was injured'.
6762:
6749:
6741:
6733:
6723:
6712:
6702:
6692:
6670:
6656:
6648:
6638:
6628:
6618:
6610:
6600:
6589:
6585:
6571:
6563:
6553:
6545:
6535:
6525:
6515:
6504:
6500:
6487:
6477:
6467:
6459:
6449:
6441:
6431:
6420:
6413:
6410:
6398:
6390:
6380:
6372:
6362:
6351:
6341:
6331:
6327:
6324:
6312:
6304:
6294:
6286:
6276:
6265:
6255:
6245:
6233:
6219:
6211:
6203:
6193:
6185:
6175:
6164:
6154:
6144:
6136:
6132:
6118:
6110:
6100:
6092:
6084:
6074:
6063:
6053:
6043:
6035:
6016:
5999:
5991:
5981:
5973:
5963:
5953:
5941:
5930:
5926:
5913:
5905:
5895:
5887:
5877:
5869:
5858:
5848:
5838:
5804:
5799:
5789:
5781:
5773:
5765:
5757:
5753:
5743:
5735:
5727:
5719:
5711:
5700:
5691:
5683:
5676:
5668:
5660:
5652:
5642:
5632:
5624:
5616:
5608:
5600:
5592:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5547:
5536:
5525:
5508:
5497:
5483:
5470:
5451:
5438:
5427:
5413:
5399:
5385:
5374:
5356:
5343:
5329:
5312:
5301:
5290:
5276:
5262:
5251:
5234:
5221:
5199:
5186:
5175:
5164:
5150:
5136:
5121:
5106:
5089:
5078:
5067:
5056:
5042:
5024:
5010:
4994:
4981:
4970:
4956:
4945:
4934:
4916:
4902:
4879:
4874:
4866:
4859:
4843:
4832:
4821:
4807:
4789:
4782:
4770:
4759:
4748:
4729:
4712:
4701:
4690:
4676:
4665:
4654:
4643:
4624:
4611:
4600:
4588:
4583:lit-be building
4575:
4564:
4544:
4531:
4520:
4506:
4491:
4478:
4467:
4453:
4438:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4396:
4391:
4344:
4339:
4329:
4321:
4313:
4305:
4297:
4289:
4280:
4270:
4262:
4254:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4222:
4214:
4180:(nominative) /
4141:Modern Standard
4137:
4135:Literary Arabic
4132:
3853:Biblical Hebrew
3849:
3844:
3828:
3818:
3810:
3802:
3794:
3786:
3772:
3764:
3750:
3740:
3732:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3700:
3686:
3678:
3653:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3612:
3604:
3592:
3582:
3574:
3566:
3551:
3543:
3531:
3521:
3513:
3499:
3491:
3477:
3467:
3459:
3451:
3443:
3429:
3421:
3368:
3358:
3353:
3339:
3316:
3297:
3278:
3253:
3230:
3224:
3211:
3188:
3169:
3150:
3125:
3102:
3057:
3039:
3020:
3007:
2988:
2978:
2959:
2867:
2853:
2834:
2815:
2796:
2777:
2758:
2737:
2717:
2703:
2692:
2673:
2654:
2635:
2614:
2583:
2529:debuccalization
2497:
2465:
2457:
2445:
2433:
2425:
2413:case attraction
2409:
2375:
2367:
2359:
2351:
2339:
2325:
2310:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2012:
1766:("That's a man
1758:C'est un homme
1539:
1503:non-restrictive
1439:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1254:Indirect object
1157:Indirect object
1030:
897:
765:
714:
689:("Omul pe care
657:
613:
547:
524:
409:, in this case
314:
223:non-restrictive
203:
201:Restrictiveness
197:
122:matrix sentence
118:embedded clause
99:
94:
28:relative clause
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9633:
9623:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9588:
9587:
9579:
9574:
9567:
9566:External links
9564:
9563:
9562:
9543:
9536:
9523:
9517:
9494:
9493:
9488:Pidgin Grammar
9478:
9466:
9442:
9426:
9413:
9390:
9360:
9308:
9269:
9252:Browne, Wayles
9243:
9220:
9188:
9180:Serbo-Croatian
9167:
9156:(6): 917–962.
9136:
9099:
9071:
9048:
9025:
8992:
8929:
8922:
8904:
8883:
8872:(4): 663–680.
8856:
8837:(2): 113–156,
8821:
8796:
8773:
8758:
8740:
8707:
8674:
8667:
8642:
8617:
8602:
8580:
8565:
8543:
8519:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8506:
8499:
8496:
8478:
8470:
8462:
8454:
8446:
8445:
8427:
8419:
8411:
8403:
8395:
8394:
8385:
8382:
8365:
8357:
8349:
8341:
8333:
8325:
8317:
8309:
8301:
8300:
8283:
8275:
8267:
8259:
8251:
8243:
8235:
8227:
8226:
8208:
8200:
8192:
8184:
8176:
8168:
8160:
8152:
8144:
8143:
8121:
8113:
8105:
8097:
8089:
8081:
8073:
8065:
8064:
8043:
8035:
8027:
8019:
8011:
8003:
7995:
7987:
7979:
7978:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7913:
7902:
7889:
7878:
7867:
7856:
7845:
7834:
7833:
7802:
7791:
7778:
7767:
7756:
7745:
7744:
7717:
7706:
7695:
7684:
7673:
7662:
7649:
7638:
7625:
7614:
7613:
7588:(昨天批評的人都不在這裡。)
7586:
7575:
7564:
7553:
7542:
7531:
7518:
7507:
7496:
7495:
7468:
7457:
7446:
7435:
7424:
7411:
7400:
7389:
7388:
7360:
7349:
7336:
7325:
7314:
7313:
7286:
7275:
7262:
7251:
7240:
7239:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7194:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7128:
7125:
7069:
7059:
7048:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7008:
6996:
6988:
6978:
6967:
6964:
6963:
6945:
6935:
6924:
6916:
6902:
6888:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6852:
6842:
6831:
6823:
6809:
6799:
6789:
6786:
6785:
6742:
6734:
6724:
6713:
6703:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6649:
6639:
6629:
6619:
6611:
6601:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6564:
6554:
6546:
6536:
6526:
6516:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6478:
6468:
6460:
6450:
6442:
6432:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6391:
6381:
6373:
6363:
6352:
6342:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6305:
6295:
6287:
6277:
6266:
6256:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6212:
6204:
6194:
6186:
6176:
6165:
6155:
6145:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6111:
6101:
6093:
6085:
6075:
6064:
6054:
6044:
6036:
6033:
6032:
5992:
5982:
5974:
5964:
5954:
5942:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5906:
5896:
5888:
5878:
5870:
5859:
5849:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5815:complementizer
5803:
5800:
5782:
5774:
5766:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5736:
5728:
5720:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5706:are possible:
5684:
5677:
5669:
5661:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5625:
5617:
5609:
5601:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5537:
5526:
5509:
5498:
5484:
5471:
5457:
5456:
5428:
5414:
5400:
5386:
5375:
5357:
5344:
5331:
5330:
5302:
5291:
5277:
5263:
5252:
5235:
5222:
5208:
5207:
5176:
5165:
5151:
5137:
5122:
5108:
5107:
5079:
5068:
5057:
5043:
5025:
5011:
4996:
4995:
4971:
4957:
4946:
4935:
4917:
4903:
4888:
4887:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4833:
4822:
4808:
4794:
4793:
4760:
4749:
4735:
4734:
4702:
4691:
4677:
4666:
4655:
4644:
4630:
4629:
4619:get_wet-be dog
4616:nurete-iru inu
4601:
4590:
4589:
4565:
4554:
4553:
4521:
4507:
4493:
4492:
4468:
4454:
4440:
4439:
4421:
4413:
4405:
4404:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4343:
4340:
4322:
4314:
4306:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4281:
4263:
4255:
4247:
4239:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4206:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4120:complementizer
4045:
4044:
4035:, "The chair,
4013:
4012:
3985:
3984:
3970:
3933:
3932:
3914:
3883:, this use of
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3756:
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3754:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3687:
3679:
3671:
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3668:
3636:
3628:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3596:
3575:
3567:
3552:
3544:
3536:
3535:
3523:y dyn a welais
3514:
3500:
3492:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3357:
3354:
3317:
3298:
3279:
3254:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3189:
3170:
3151:
3126:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3095:is preferred:
3041:Onaj poznanik
3021:
3008:
2989:
2979:
2960:
2941:
2940:
2882:Serbo-Croatian
2835:
2816:
2797:
2778:
2759:
2738:
2719:
2718:
2693:
2674:
2655:
2636:
2615:
2596:
2595:
2586:Serbo-Croatian
2582:
2581:Serbo-Croatian
2579:
2489:of the freedom
2458:
2446:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2417:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2340:
2326:
2318:
2317:
2309:
2306:
2256:
2255:
2230:
2185:
2182:
2177:Main article:
2174:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2011:
2008:
1940:
1939:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1836:
1835:
1822:
1772:
1771:
1741:
1740:
1727:C'est l'homme
1710:
1709:
1667:
1666:
1648:
1606:
1605:
1592:
1579:
1538:
1535:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1499:
1498:
1486:
1471:
1435:Main article:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1384:, much as the
1376:
1375:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1329:
1326:
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1288:
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1284:
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1276:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1079:
1078:
1061:
1060:
1053:Bernard Comrie
1038:left-branching
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1009:
990:
975:
896:
893:
892:
891:
875:
867:
800:
764:
761:
713:
710:
656:
653:
612:
609:
546:
543:
542:
541:
538:
535:
532:
523:
520:
519:
518:
507:
496:
485:
474:
459:
448:
433:
414:
403:
384:
369:
362:complementizer
354:
353:
346:
343:complementizer
339:
328:
327:
324:
321:
313:
310:
298:
297:
283:for details).
269:
268:
257:
196:
193:
166:fused relative
98:
97:Bound and free
95:
93:
90:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9632:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9598:
9597:
9595:
9585:
9584:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9569:
9560:(2): 333–351.
9559:
9555:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9537:0-19-431342-5
9533:
9529:
9524:
9520:
9518:0-521-43146-8
9514:
9510:
9506:
9502:
9498:
9497:
9489:
9482:
9476:, p. 187
9475:
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9411:
9407:
9401:
9394:
9387:. p. 79.
9386:
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9374:
9370:
9364:
9345:
9340:
9339:CROSBI 426507
9335:
9331:
9327:
9323:
9319:
9315:
9311:
9309:953-6050-04-8
9305:
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9297:
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9265:
9261:
9257:
9253:
9247:
9239:
9235:
9231:
9224:
9218:
9212:
9211:CROSBI 426503
9207:
9203:
9199:
9195:
9191:
9189:3-89586-161-8
9185:
9181:
9177:
9171:
9163:
9159:
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9151:
9147:
9140:
9133:
9129:
9123:
9122:CROSBI 426502
9118:
9114:
9110:
9106:
9102:
9100:3-89586-573-7
9096:
9092:
9088:
9084:
9078:
9076:
9067:
9063:
9059:
9052:
9046:
9042:
9038:
9029:
9023:
9019:
9018:
9013:
9012:Scott, Robert
9009:
9005:
8996:
8977:
8972:
8971:CROSBI 426662
8967:
8963:
8959:
8955:
8951:
8943:
8939:
8933:
8925:
8923:0-226-11434-1
8919:
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8810:
8806:
8800:
8792:
8788:
8784:
8777:
8769:
8765:
8761:
8759:9780495099697
8755:
8751:
8744:
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8725:
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8696:
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8685:
8678:
8670:
8664:
8660:
8656:
8652:
8646:
8631:
8627:
8621:
8613:
8609:
8605:
8603:3-87808-982-1
8599:
8595:
8591:
8584:
8576:
8572:
8568:
8566:3-87118-458-6
8562:
8558:
8554:
8547:
8539:
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8531:
8524:
8520:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8494:
8491:
8488:
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8476:
8473:
8468:
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8460:
8457:
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8417:
8414:
8409:
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8401:
8398:
8393:
8391:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8371:
8368:
8363:
8360:
8355:
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8336:
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8320:
8315:
8312:
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8281:
8278:
8273:
8270:
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8233:
8230:
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8214:
8211:
8206:
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8198:
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8187:
8182:
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8137:
8134:
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8124:
8119:
8116:
8111:
8108:
8103:
8100:
8095:
8092:
8087:
8084:
8079:
8076:
8071:
8068:
8063:
8059:
8056:
8053:
8049:
8046:
8041:
8038:
8033:
8030:
8025:
8022:
8017:
8014:
8009:
8006:
8001:
7998:
7993:
7990:
7985:
7982:
7977:
7974:
7970:
7955:
7953:
7946:
7941:
7935:
7932:
7929:
7926:
7925:我 替 他 画 画 的 人
7922:
7919:
7916:
7911:
7908:
7905:
7900:
7895:
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7884:
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7870:
7865:
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7840:
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7808:
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7800:
7797:
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7715:
7712:
7709:
7704:
7701:
7698:
7693:
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7660:
7655:
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7608:
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7505:
7502:
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7477:
7474:
7471:
7466:
7463:
7460:
7455:
7452:
7449:
7444:
7441:
7438:
7433:
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7427:
7422:
7417:
7414:
7409:
7406:
7403:
7398:
7395:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7379:
7376:
7373:
7369:
7366:
7363:
7358:
7355:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7339:
7334:
7331:
7328:
7323:
7320:
7317:
7312:
7308:
7305:
7302:
7299:
7295:
7292:
7289:
7284:
7281:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7265:
7260:
7257:
7254:
7249:
7246:
7243:
7238:
7236:
7232:
7226:
7210:
7207:
7204:
7200:
7197:
7192:
7178:
7163:
7161:
7157:
7152:
7150:
7146:
7140:
7136:
7134:
7124:
7122:
7118:
7114:
7110:
7106:
7102:
7101:interrogative
7098:
7095:
7091:
7085:
7082:
7079:
7075:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7051:
7046:
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7034:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7006:
7001:
7000:
6994:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
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6961:
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6955:
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6933:
6927:
6922:
6919:
6914:
6905:
6900:
6891:
6886:
6880:
6871:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6858:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6834:
6829:
6826:
6821:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6794:
6793:
6784:
6783:noun phrase.
6782:
6777:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6761:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6748:
6745:
6740:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6688:
6686:
6681:
6679:
6675:
6669:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6655:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6634:
6633:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6593:
6584:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6570:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6531:
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6524:
6519:
6514:
6508:
6499:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6424:
6416:
6412:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6397:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6337:
6336:
6326:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6311:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6241:
6239:
6238:passive voice
6232:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6218:
6215:
6210:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6143:
6140:
6131:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6117:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6096:
6091:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6049:
6048:
6042:
6039:
6031:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
5998:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5952:
5947:
5946:
5940:
5934:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5912:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5873:
5868:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5788:
5785:
5780:
5777:
5772:
5769:
5764:
5761:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5734:
5731:
5726:
5723:
5718:
5715:
5707:
5705:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5687:
5682:
5680:
5675:
5672:
5667:
5664:
5659:
5656:
5648:
5646:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5623:
5620:
5615:
5612:
5607:
5604:
5599:
5596:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5563:
5561:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5524:
5515:
5512:
5507:
5504:
5501:
5496:
5490:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5474:
5469:
5463:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5436:she.bought.it
5434:
5431:
5426:
5420:
5417:
5412:
5406:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5389:
5384:
5381:
5378:
5373:
5363:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5334:
5328:
5326:
5321:
5318:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5280:
5275:
5269:
5266:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5250:
5241:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5225:
5220:
5214:
5211:
5206:
5204:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5184:she.bought.it
5182:
5179:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5135:
5128:
5125:
5120:
5114:
5111:
5105:
5103:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5055:
5049:
5046:
5041:
5031:
5028:
5023:
5017:
5014:
5009:
5002:
4999:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4933:
4923:
4920:
4915:
4909:
4906:
4901:
4894:
4891:
4886:
4884:
4869:
4865:
4863:
4857:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4792:
4788:
4786:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4747:
4741:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4726:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4689:
4683:
4680:
4675:
4672:
4669:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4552:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4505:
4499:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4466:
4460:
4457:
4452:
4446:
4443:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4419:
4416:
4411:
4408:
4403:
4401:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4320:
4317:
4312:
4309:
4304:
4301:
4296:
4293:
4288:
4285:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4261:
4258:
4253:
4250:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4234:
4229:
4226:
4221:
4218:
4213:
4210:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4150:الاسم الموصول
4146:
4142:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4103:(cf. Aramaic
4102:
4098:
4095:derived from
4094:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3982:
3978:
3976:
3971:
3968:
3965:("The chair,
3964:
3962:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3935:(This use of
3930:
3927:, "The-chair
3926:
3922:
3920:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3881:Modern Hebrew
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3809:
3806:
3801:
3798:
3793:
3790:
3785:
3776:
3771:
3768:
3763:
3760:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3731:
3728:
3723:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3707:
3704:
3699:
3690:
3685:
3682:
3677:
3674:
3666:
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3662:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3634:
3631:
3626:
3616:
3611:
3608:
3603:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3573:
3570:
3565:
3555:
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3547:
3542:
3539:
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3527:
3524:
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3512:
3503:
3498:
3495:
3490:
3487:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3458:
3455:
3450:
3447:
3442:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3363:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3338:
3320:
3315:
3301:
3296:
3282:
3277:
3259:
3258:
3252:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3192:
3187:
3173:
3168:
3154:
3149:
3131:
3130:
3124:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3085:morphological
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3006:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2977:
2965:acquaintance:
2963:
2958:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2852:
2838:
2833:
2819:
2814:
2800:
2795:
2781:
2776:
2762:
2757:
2743:
2742:
2736:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2691:
2677:
2672:
2658:
2653:
2639:
2634:
2620:
2619:
2613:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2578:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2313:Ancient Greek
2308:Ancient Greek
2305:
2303:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2288:direct object
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2200:, but not in
2199:
2195:
2191:
2180:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:quelque chose
1883:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1555:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:passive voice
1383:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:passivization
1337:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:Direct object
1242:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1141:Direct object
1139:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:verb argument
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
988:
984:
980:
976:
973:
969:
965:
964:
963:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
889:
884:
880:
876:
873:
868:
865:
861:
857:
852:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
769:
768:
760:
758:
753:
749:
747:
744:, as well as
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
721:said to have
719:
709:
707:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:
662:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
637:Celtic family
634:
630:
626:
620:
618:
608:
605:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
582:
577:
572:
568:
563:
561:
555:
553:
539:
536:
533:
530:
529:
528:
516:
512:
508:
505:
501:
497:
494:
490:
486:
483:
479:
475:
472:
468:
464:
460:
457:
453:
449:
446:
442:
441:modern Hebrew
438:
434:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
412:
408:
404:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
382:
378:
374:
370:
367:
363:
359:
358:
357:
351:
347:
344:
340:
337:
333:
332:
331:
325:
322:
319:
318:
317:
309:
307:
303:
296:
294:
289:
288:
287:
284:
282:
278:
274:
265:
263:
258:
255:
251:
247:
245:
240:
239:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
202:
192:
189:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
155:direct object
152:
147:
143:
138:
136:
135:
130:
128:
123:
119:
114:
112:
108:
104:
89:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
9582:
9557:
9551:
9527:
9508:
9487:
9481:
9469:
9452:
9445:
9436:
9429:
9421:
9416:
9402:. Routledge.
9399:
9393:
9380:
9363:
9351:. Retrieved
9287:
9282:
9272:
9255:
9246:
9229:
9223:
9179:
9170:
9153:
9149:
9145:
9139:
9090:
9086:
9057:
9051:
9028:
9015:
8995:
8983:. Retrieved
8949:
8932:
8913:
8907:
8898:
8892:
8886:
8869:
8865:
8859:
8834:
8830:
8824:
8812:. Retrieved
8808:
8799:
8782:
8776:
8749:
8743:
8732:the original
8727:
8723:
8710:
8699:the original
8694:
8690:
8677:
8658:
8645:
8633:. Retrieved
8629:
8620:
8593:
8589:
8583:
8556:
8552:
8546:
8529:
8523:
8492:
8489:
8486:
8482:
8479:
8474:
8471:
8466:
8463:
8458:
8455:
8450:
8447:
8441:
8438:
8435:
8431:
8428:
8423:
8420:
8415:
8412:
8407:
8404:
8399:
8396:
8387:
8379:
8376:
8373:
8369:
8366:
8361:
8358:
8353:
8350:
8345:
8342:
8337:
8334:
8329:
8326:
8321:
8318:
8313:
8310:
8305:
8302:
8297:
8294:
8291:
8287:
8284:
8279:
8276:
8271:
8268:
8263:
8260:
8255:
8252:
8247:
8244:
8239:
8236:
8231:
8228:
8222:
8219:
8216:
8212:
8209:
8204:
8201:
8196:
8193:
8188:
8185:
8180:
8177:
8172:
8169:
8164:
8161:
8156:
8153:
8148:
8145:
8139:
8135:
8132:
8129:
8125:
8122:
8117:
8114:
8109:
8106:
8101:
8098:
8093:
8090:
8085:
8082:
8077:
8074:
8069:
8066:
8061:
8057:
8054:
8051:
8047:
8044:
8039:
8036:
8031:
8028:
8023:
8020:
8015:
8012:
8007:
8004:
7999:
7996:
7991:
7988:
7983:
7980:
7966:
7949:
7939:
7937:
7933:
7930:
7927:
7924:
7920:
7917:
7914:
7909:
7896:
7885:
7874:
7863:
7852:
7841:
7826:
7822:
7819:
7816:
7813:
7809:
7806:
7803:
7798:
7785:
7774:
7763:
7752:
7741:
7737:
7734:
7731:
7728:
7724:
7721:
7718:
7713:
7702:
7691:
7680:
7669:
7656:
7645:
7632:
7621:
7610:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7597:
7593:
7590:
7587:
7582:
7571:
7560:
7549:
7538:
7525:
7514:
7503:
7492:
7488:
7485:
7482:
7479:
7475:
7472:
7469:
7464:
7453:
7442:
7431:
7418:
7407:
7396:
7384:
7380:
7377:
7374:
7371:
7367:
7364:
7361:
7356:
7343:
7332:
7321:
7310:
7306:
7303:
7300:
7297:
7293:
7290:
7287:
7282:
7269:
7258:
7247:
7234:
7228:
7208:
7205:
7202:
7198:
7195:
7179:
7176:
7159:
7155:
7153:
7148:
7144:
7141:
7137:
7130:
7116:
7112:
7104:
7089:
7087:
7083:
7080:
7077:
7073:
7070:
7063:
7060:
7052:
7049:
7044:
7041:
7032:
7029:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7015:
7010:
7009:
7002:
6998:
6997:
6992:
6989:
6982:
6979:
6971:
6968:
6959:
6956:
6953:
6949:
6946:
6939:
6936:
6928:
6925:
6920:
6917:
6906:
6903:
6892:
6889:
6881:
6878:
6869:
6866:
6861:
6860:
6856:
6853:
6846:
6843:
6835:
6832:
6827:
6824:
6813:
6810:
6803:
6800:
6795:
6791:
6790:
6778:
6773:
6769:
6765:
6763:
6759:
6756:
6751:
6750:
6746:
6743:
6738:
6735:
6728:
6725:
6717:
6714:
6707:
6704:
6699:
6695:
6694:
6682:
6677:
6673:
6671:
6667:
6664:
6659:
6657:
6653:
6650:
6643:
6640:
6635:
6631:
6630:
6623:
6620:
6615:
6612:
6605:
6602:
6594:
6591:
6582:
6579:
6574:
6573:nagbigay na
6572:
6568:
6565:
6558:
6555:
6550:
6547:
6540:
6537:
6532:
6528:
6527:
6520:
6517:
6509:
6506:
6497:
6494:
6490:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6479:
6472:
6469:
6464:
6461:
6454:
6451:
6446:
6443:
6436:
6433:
6425:
6422:
6414:
6408:
6405:
6400:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6385:
6382:
6377:
6374:
6367:
6364:
6356:
6353:
6346:
6343:
6338:
6334:
6333:
6322:
6319:
6314:
6313:
6309:
6306:
6299:
6296:
6291:
6288:
6281:
6278:
6270:
6267:
6260:
6257:
6252:
6248:
6247:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6208:
6205:
6198:
6195:
6190:
6187:
6180:
6177:
6169:
6166:
6159:
6156:
6151:
6147:
6146:
6141:
6138:
6129:
6126:
6121:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6105:
6102:
6097:
6094:
6089:
6086:
6079:
6076:
6068:
6065:
6058:
6055:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6037:
6028:
6023:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5996:
5993:
5986:
5983:
5978:
5975:
5968:
5965:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5948:
5944:
5943:
5935:
5932:
5923:
5920:
5915:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5900:
5897:
5892:
5889:
5882:
5879:
5874:
5871:
5863:
5860:
5853:
5850:
5845:
5841:
5840:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5805:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5778:
5775:
5771:heard-by-him
5770:
5767:
5762:
5759:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5740:
5737:
5732:
5729:
5724:
5721:
5716:
5713:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5688:
5685:
5681:
5678:
5673:
5670:
5665:
5662:
5657:
5654:
5644:
5643:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5621:
5618:
5613:
5610:
5605:
5602:
5597:
5594:
5584:
5575:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5516:
5513:
5510:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5452:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5298:
5295:
5292:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5259:
5256:
5253:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5172:
5169:
5166:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5099:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5064:
5061:
5058:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4880:
4867:
4861:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4790:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4566:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4548:i-adjectives
4547:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4417:
4414:
4409:
4406:
4397:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4347:
4345:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4138:
4123:
4115:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4085:
4081:
4074:
4070:
4062:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4043:, broken.")
4040:
4036:
4032:
4026:
4025:at yoshevet
4022:
4020:
4014:
4008:
4007:"The chair,
4004:
4000:
3999:("The chair
3994:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3979:("The chair
3974:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3949:
3944:
3941:Ha-kise adom
3940:
3936:
3934:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3910:
3906:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3856:
3850:
3836:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3807:
3804:
3799:
3796:
3791:
3788:
3777:
3774:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3758:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3718:
3713:
3710:
3705:
3702:
3691:
3688:
3683:
3680:
3675:
3672:
3660:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3632:
3629:
3617:
3614:
3609:
3606:
3601:
3598:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3571:
3568:
3556:
3553:
3548:
3545:
3540:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3504:
3501:
3496:
3493:
3488:
3485:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3456:
3453:
3448:
3445:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3415:
3403:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3350:
3347:
3342:
3340:
3321:
3318:
3302:
3299:
3283:
3280:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3235:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3219:
3214:
3212:
3193:
3190:
3174:
3171:
3155:
3152:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3092:
3088:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3049:pozdravio...
3046:
3042:
3040:
3025:
3023:pozdravio...
3022:
3014:
3010:
3009:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2964:
2961:
2945:
2942:
2923:
2921:
2896:
2888:
2886:
2878:relativizers
2864:
2861:
2856:
2854:
2839:
2836:
2820:
2817:
2801:
2798:
2782:
2779:
2763:
2760:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2723:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2697:
2694:
2678:
2675:
2659:
2656:
2640:
2637:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2600:
2597:
2584:
2571:
2566:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2541:yas, yā, yad
2540:
2524:
2520:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2412:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2347:
2342:
2334:
2328:
2311:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2187:
2167:
2157:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2129:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2083:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2002:auxquel(le)s
1999:
1994:desquel(le)s
1991:
1986:lesquel(le)s
1983:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1941:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1873:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1851:
1844:sur laquelle
1843:
1839:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1807:sur lesquels
1806:
1802:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1773:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1744:
1742:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1713:
1711:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1629:
1621:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1594:
1585:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1557:
1549:
1547:
1540:
1523:
1517:
1510:
1500:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1410:
1404:
1379:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1341:
1332:
1314:
1306:
1302:antipassives
1291:
1218:
1100:
1082:
1080:
1062:
1050:
1045:
1031:
997:
993:
961:
956:
932:
928:
908:
905:head-initial
904:
898:
879:nominalizing
863:
850:
848:definiteness
839:
835:
831:
827:
811:
796:
788:
776:
766:
757:head-marking
754:
750:
733:
731:
722:
717:
715:
703:
698:
694:
690:
670:
664:
658:
628:
621:
614:
603:
579:
575:
564:
556:
548:
540:Nonreduction
525:
510:
499:
444:
437:modern Greek
365:
361:
355:
349:
342:
335:
329:
315:
301:
299:
292:
290:
285:
276:
270:
261:
259:
253:
249:
243:
241:
234:
230:
227:non-defining
226:
222:
218:
210:
204:
177:
176:of the verb
169:
165:
161:
159:
145:
141:
139:
132:
125:
121:
117:
115:
102:
100:
85:relativizers
83:
79:
73:
67:
58:
54:
50:
43:
27:
25:
9150:Linguistics
8901:(1): 63–99.
8866:Linguistics
7121:subordinate
7050:ipinanganak
6969:Ipinanganak
6926:ipinanganak
6833:ipinanganak
5776:mengejutkan
5768:didengarnya
5730:mengejutkan
5581:zero-copula
4979:he.reads.it
4856:about which
4622:"a wet dog"
4559:hikatte-iru
4430:この おいしい 天ぷら
4202:jumlat sifa
4198:jumlat sila
4068:relativizer
4058:relativizer
3865:relativizer
3657:relativizer
3061:participles
2724:the cities:
2601:the cities:
2517:Proto-Greek
2479:eleutheríās
2442:eleutheríās
1731:j'ai parlé.
1665:happened.")
1657:est arrivé.
1283:Obj of Comp
1204:Obj of Comp
773:relativizer
734:correlative
599:passivizing
500:correlative
489:Nominalized
463:Nominalized
306:proposition
260:The mayor,
242:The person
231:restrictive
207:restrictive
111:noun phrase
40:noun phrase
9594:Categories
9383:. Oxford:
8515:References
7915:(我替他畫畫的人。)
7814:我 写 信 的 毛笔
6770:ang daliri
6024:ang lalaki
5779:surprising
5741:its-colour
5733:surprising
5577:Indonesian
5572:Indonesian
5534:Tbilisi-in
5503:davuc̣̣er,
5299:Tbilisi-in
5257:davuc̣̣er,
5156:romel=ze-c
5076:Tbilisi-in
5030:romel-sa-c
4965:newspaper-
4841:restaurant
4772:天ぷらを 作った 人
4685:hot-water-
4598:get_wet-be
4595:nurete-iru
4533:天ぷらを 食べた 人
4480:姉が 作った 天ぷら
4319:(a)ṣ-ṣaffi
4303:ra’aytu-hu
4244:(a)ṣ-ṣaffi
3879:), and in
3360:See also:
3073:syncretism
2936:antecedent
2901:accusative
2899:is in the
2893:nominative
2891:is in the
2556:ho, hē, tó
2477:áxioi tês
2469:ἐλευθερίας
2467:ἄξιοι τῆς
2437:ἐλευθερίας
2019:Intonation
1982:, or with
1782:is used),
1768:about whom
1739:I spoke.")
1683:determiner
1490:subjective
1071:Absolutive
1013:nonreduced
1006:nonreduced
992:Head noun
929:head-final
740:and other
593:, such as
571:Vietnamese
552:verb-final
411:passivized
381:indefinite
199:See also:
186:(See also
170:what I see
134:antecedent
78:, such as
9162:0024-3949
9039: in
8958:637166830
8851:143402998
8809:wals.info
8768:144326346
7804:(我寫信的毛筆。)
7646:criticize
7622:yesterday
7515:criticize
7504:yesterday
7372:他们 种 的 水果
7362:(他們種的水果。)
7298:种 水果 的 农人
7288:(種水果的農人。)
6879:Nagtanong
6774:nasugatan
6715:nasugatan
6685:possessor
6001:Nagbigay
5809:uses the
5611:membangun
5545:she.lives
5531:tbilis=ši
5489:c̣̣eril-s
5310:she.lives
5296:tbilis=ši
5213:c̣̣eril-s
5159:which=on-
5087:she.lives
5073:tbilis=ši
5062:davuc̣er,
4976:ḳitxulobs
4973:კითხულობს
4922:romel-i-c
4838:resutoran
4740:tempura-o
4696:wakashita
4498:tempura-o
4375:ra'aituhu
4228:ra’aytuhu
4220:(a)lladhi
4190:allataynī
4188:(nom.) /
4182:allaḏayni
4029:, shavur.
4021:Ha-kise,
3993:Ha-kise,
3959:Ha-kise,
2930:, i.e. a
2874:Frequency
2855:Gradovi,
2705:Gradovi,
2484:kéktēsthe
2463:kéktēsthe
1900:something
1647:happened.
1494:objective
1315:But not:
901:branching
802:Use of a
482:Mongolian
9553:Language
9507:(2002).
9474:Sun 2006
9461:70671780
9379:(eds.).
9353:1 August
9344:Archived
9334:2863536W
9326:37606491
9318:97154457
9280:(1995).
9264:14368553
9254:(1986).
9238:14710495
9217:Contents
9206:2863538W
9198:37959860
9178:(1997).
9128:Contents
9117:2863535W
9109:42422661
9085:(1999).
8976:Archived
8940:(1996).
8791:45487549
8657:(2002).
8635:26 March
8612:14358164
8575:63317519
8538:57574762
8498:See also
7799:brushpen
7219:Mandarin
7177:thuquñap
7133:Hawaiian
7127:Hawaiian
7097:question
7094:indirect
7016:hospital
6796:hospital
6718:injured.
6592:nagbigay
6507:nagbigay
6423:nagbigay
6354:binigyan
6268:ibinigay
6167:nagbigay
6066:nagbigay
5933:Nagbigay
5861:nagbigay
5738:warnanya
5671:dibangun
5542:cxovrobs
5539:ცხოვრობს
5528:თბილისში
5500:დავუწერ,
5307:cxovrobs
5304:ცხოვრობს
5293:თბილისში
5254:დავუწერ,
5153:რომელზეც
5084:cxovrobs
5081:ცხოვრობს
5070:თბილისში
5059:დავუწერ,
5048:c̣eril-s
5027:რომელსაც
4951:c̣avida,
4883:Georgian
4877:Georgian
4862:in which
4816:article-
4754:tsukutta
4743:tempura-
4727:for tea"
4577:光っている ビル
4573:building
4501:tempura-
4459:tsukutta
4394:Japanese
4377:and the
4268:al-yawma
4186:allatānī
4178:allaḏānī
4174:allawātī
4170:allaḏīna
4111:Whereas
4079:Akkadian
3973:Ha-kise
3917:Ha-kise
3738:hospital
3735:ospidéal
3722:daughter
3079:and the
2962:poznanik
2721:Gradovi,
2598:Gradovi,
2537:Sanskrit
2535:include
2533:Cognates
2493:of which
2474:κέκτησθε
2460:κέκτησθε
2268:subjects
1990:to form
1966:to form
1936:to which
1852:on which
1586:lesquels
1573:laquelle
1421:Examples
1274:Genitive
1228:Example
1225:Position
1189:Genitive
1110:Position
1087:Malagasy
1075:Ergative
1021:Warlpiri
983:Japanese
955:has the
945:Japanese
812:embedded
687:Romanian
478:Japanese
445:that him
235:defining
70:pronouns
9615:Clauses
9132:Summary
9041:Liddell
9020:at the
8985:14 July
8966:3434472
8814:8 April
8475:saw him
8306:There's
8232:There's
8149:There's
7958:Creoles
7886:picture
7864:her/him
7619:zuótiān
7501:zuótiān
7394:jīntiān
7354:shuǐguǒ
7280:nóngrén
7256:shuǐguǒ
7214:Chinese
7117:ospital
7109:WH-word
7025:ospital
7011:ospital
6862:ospital
6792:ospital
6781:oblique
6662:sa bata
5807:Tagalog
5802:Tagalog
5560:Tbilisi
5492:letter-
5380:vzivar,
5377:ვზივარ,
5325:Tbilisi
5216:letter-
5170:vzivar,
5167:ვზივარ,
5142:sḳam-i,
5102:Tbilisi
5051:letter-
4962:gazet-s
4954:he.went
4948:წავიდა,
4943:park=to
4940:ṗarḳ=ši
4919:რომელიც
4799:boku-ga
4663:purpose
4635:kōcha-o
4613:濡れている 犬
4476:tempura
4473:tempura
4448:sister-
4426:tempura
4260:ġā’ibun
4212:al-fatā
4113:Israeli
3661:in situ
3638:anferth
3630:castell
3446:chonaic
3392:to whom
3319:autobus
3191:autobus
3077:subject
2837:veliki.
2698:itself:
2657:veliki,
2543:(where
2487:Worthy
2365:megálai
2362:μεγάλαι
2173:Spanish
2104:welchem
2073:welches
2065:welcher
1829:sur qui
1737:of whom
1706:of whom
1431:English
1264:Oblique
1234:Subject
1173:Oblique
1125:Subject
1102:English
1091:Chukchi
987:Chinese
979:Turkish
953:Chinese
941:Turkish
921:Spanish
888:Turkish
824:Russian
795:(using
793:Chinese
787:(using
746:Bambara
675:Persian
595:Tagalog
493:Turkish
471:Tibetan
456:Chinese
430:Persian
400:Russian
366:gapping
345:"that".
336:gapping
151:subject
72:called
63:subject
9605:Syntax
9534:
9515:
9459:
9408:
9332:
9324:
9316:
9306:
9290:]
9262:
9236:
9204:
9196:
9186:
9160:
9115:
9107:
9097:
9066:601586
9064:
8964:
8956:
8920:
8849:
8789:
8766:
8756:
8665:
8610:
8600:
8573:
8563:
8536:
8483:there?
8390:Gullah
8384:Gullah
8118:(past)
8040:(past)
7973:creole
7951:chī de
7921:
7918:
7910:person
7810:
7807:
7775:letter
7725:
7722:
7670:person
7643:pīping
7594:
7591:
7539:person
7512:pīping
7476:
7473:
7368:
7365:
7294:
7291:
7283:farmer
7199:poncho
7196:punchu
7180:dance-
7171:Aymara
6885:.asked
6787:(7) a.
6747:
6739:finger
6736:daliri
6674:lalaki
6660:lalaki
6632:lalaki
6575:lalaki
6529:lalaki
6503:(5) a.
6491:lalaki
6481:lalaki
6375:lalaki
6289:lalaki
6244:(3) a.
6217:
6188:lalaki
6142:
6098:
6087:lalaki
6041:
6034:(2) a.
6006:lalaki
5957:lalaki
5916:lalaki
5875:
5842:lalaki
5837:(1) a.
5827:lalaki
5784:sekali
5722:paling
5679:
5598:person
5486:წერილს
5465:woman-
5419:Nino-m
5408:chair-
5405:sḳam-i
5362:mas=ze
5285:woman-
5210:წერილს
5145:chair-
5139:სკამი,
5130:(that.
5113:Nino-m
5045:წერილს
5033:which-
5019:woman-
5016:kal-i,
5004:(that.
4959:გაზეთს
4937:პარკში
4925:which-
4908:ḳac-i,
4896:(that.
4813:kiji-o
4768:person
4710:kettle
4699:boiled
4562:lit-be
4529:person
4512:tabeta
4445:ane-ga
4418:oishii
4383:shuftō
4166:allatī
4162:allaḏī
4130:Arabic
4109:‘asher
4107:) and
4093:‘asher
4090:Hebrew
4086:‘athar
4082:‘ashru
4075:‘asher
4065:Hebrew
3847:Hebrew
3816:to him
3792:I gave
3730:in the
3703:bhfuil
3633:castle
3625:+ owns
3569:blewog
3516:welais
3457:
3364:, and
3300:udario
3261:which:
3172:udario
3133:which:
3081:object
3026:greet:
2913:number
2909:gender
2840:large:
2780:vidio,
2745:which:
2660:large:
2622:which:
2567:is-tud
2560:sa, sā
2491:(lit.
2401:cities
2390:póleis
2379:πόλεις
2373:eisin.
2370:εἰσίν.
2357:eîdon,
2354:εἶδον,
2335:póleis
2329:πόλεις
2246:cities
2220:cities
2198:number
2194:gender
2123:nichts
2069:welche
2049:dessen
2033:German
2023:German
2010:German
1978:auquel
1970:duquel
1962:lequel
1928:à quoi
1907:about
1892:à quoi
1868:lequel
1786:lequel
1632:lequel
1624:lequel
1560:lequel
1543:French
1537:French
1497:"who".
1411:subcat
1294:voices
1095:Basque
1002:Navajo
994:within
972:Arabic
968:French
925:Arabic
917:French
820:German
727:Navajo
706:Yoruba
515:Navajo
426:Hebrew
422:Arabic
396:German
377:Arabic
300:Here,
273:commas
267:sense.
254:person
182:a zero
174:object
142:person
46:, the
32:clause
9347:(PDF)
9292:(PDF)
9286:[
9089:[
9045:Scott
8979:(PDF)
8946:(PDF)
8847:S2CID
8735:(PDF)
8720:(PDF)
8702:(PDF)
8687:(PDF)
8592:[
8555:[
8451:Ain't
8370:still
8322:other
8288:still
8248:other
8213:still
8165:other
8078:never
7992:never
7796:máobǐ
7764:write
7711:zhèlǐ
7580:zhèlǐ
7454:house
7432:money
7397:today
7391:(用)今天
7357:fruit
7330:zhòng
7319:tāmen
7259:fruit
7245:zhòng
7111:like
7071:Juan?
7056:.bore
7045:where
6975:.bore
6947:Juan.
6932:.bore
6921:where
6839:.bore
6828:where
6700:child
6654:child
6613:bigas
6598:.gave
6569:child
6548:bigas
6513:.gave
6465:child
6444:bigas
6429:.gave
6393:bigas
6357:gave.
6339:child
6315:bigas
6310:child
6274:.gave
6249:bigas
6206:bigas
6173:.gave
6152:child
6122:bigas
6116:child
6072:.gave
6047:bigas
5997:child
5994:bata.
5976:bigas
5939:.gave
5911:child
5890:bigas
5867:.gave
5674:built
5658:house
5655:rumah
5622:house
5619:rumah
5614:build
5595:orang
5462:kal-s
5433:iqida
5430:იყიდა
5422:Nino-
5416:ნინომ
5402:სკამი
5394:that.
5383:I.sit
5359:მასზე
5282:kal-i
5271:that.
5181:iqida
5178:იყიდა
5173:I.sit
5116:Nino-
5110:ნინომ
5013:ქალი,
4905:კაცი,
4835:レストラン
4830:wrote
4827:kaita
4707:yakan
4682:oyu-o
4649:ireru
4592:濡れている
4556:光っている
4462:make-
4327:’amsi
4300:رأيته
4295:fatan
4265:اليوم
4252:’amsi
4225:رأيته
4209:الفتى
4124:ashér
4041:on it
4037:which
4009:which
3967:which
3889:asher
3869:asher
3863:or a
3857:asher
3805:llyfr
3789:rhois
3753:Welsh
3719:iníon
3667:Irish
3572:hairy
3519:I saw
3480:Welsh
3410:Irish
3400:trace
3388:whose
3343:kojeg
3341:Auto
3257:kojeg
3213:Auto
3093:kojeg
2946:that:
2802:were:
2764:I am:
2564:Latin
2515:: in
2423:áxioi
2420:ἄξιοι
2405:which
2276:urbēs
2260:urbēs
2250:which
2234:Urbēs
2224:which
2210:Urbēs
2190:Latin
2184:Latin
2119:etwas
2115:alles
2077:which
2057:denen
2053:deren
1903:that
1479:which
1475:which
1073:>
1017:Hindi
985:, or
832:which
816:Latin
781:below
738:Hindi
504:Hindi
392:Latin
350:after
302:which
92:Types
30:is a
9532:ISBN
9513:ISBN
9457:OCLC
9406:ISBN
9355:2019
9322:OCLC
9314:LCCN
9304:ISBN
9260:OCLC
9234:OCLC
9194:OCLC
9184:ISBN
9158:ISSN
9105:OCLC
9095:ISBN
9062:OCLC
9043:and
8987:2019
8962:SSRN
8954:OCLC
8918:ISBN
8816:2018
8787:OCLC
8764:OCLC
8754:ISBN
8663:ISBN
8637:2024
8608:OCLC
8598:ISBN
8571:OCLC
8561:ISBN
8534:OCLC
8480:dey?
8472:shum
8467:them
8448:Enty
8367:stil
8362:stay
8351:kaen
8330:girl
8319:nada
8285:stil
8280:stay
8269:kaen
8256:girl
8245:nada
8210:stil
8205:stay
8194:kaen
8173:girl
8162:nada
8110:Lisa
8107:Lisa
8102:book
8075:neva
8032:Lisa
8029:Lisa
8024:that
8021:daet
8016:book
7989:neva
7898:PTCL
7875:draw
7787:PTCL
7714:here
7658:PTCL
7634:PASS
7583:here
7527:PTCL
7465:rent
7451:fáng
7429:qián
7420:PTCL
7405:yíng
7345:PTCL
7333:grow
7322:they
7271:PTCL
7248:grow
7190:POSS
7145:nana
7113:saan
7105:kung
7074:Juan
7042:Saan
6993:Juan
6990:Juan
6950:Juan
6918:saan
6912:COMP
6904:kung
6890:siya
6857:Juan
6854:Juan
6825:saan
6819:COMP
6811:kung
6805:COMP
6801:(na)
6766:bata
6752:bata
6744:____
6709:COMP
6696:bata
6651:bata
6625:COMP
6616:rice
6566:bata
6551:rice
6522:COMP
6474:COMP
6462:bata
6447:rice
6401:bata
6396:rice
6348:COMP
6335:bata
6307:bata
6262:COMP
6253:rice
6223:bata
6214:____
6209:rice
6161:COMP
6148:bata
6113:bata
6095:____
6060:COMP
6051:rice
5979:rice
5908:bata
5893:rice
5872:____
5855:COMP
5787:very
5763:what
5760:yang
5725:most
5717:what
5714:yang
5704:yang
5689:Jack
5686:Jack
5666:that
5663:yang
5645:Yang
5630:that
5603:yang
5585:yang
5579:, a
5459:ქალს
5279:ქალი
5127:(is)
5124:(ის)
5001:(is)
4998:(ის)
4911:man-
4893:(is)
4890:(ის)
4804:SUBJ
4765:hito
4757:made
4737:天ぷらを
4693:沸かした
4660:tame
4652:make
4638:tea-
4570:biru
4526:hito
4517:PAST
4515:eat-
4495:天ぷらを
4464:PAST
4450:SUBJ
4415:おいしい
4410:kono
4348:illi
4316:الصف
4292:فتًى
4287:hāḏā
4257:غائب
4241:الصف
4217:الذي
4143:and
4116:she-
4097:she-
4071:she-
4063:The
4054:she-
4033:lit.
4027:alav
4023:she-
4001:that
3995:she-
3981:that
3975:she-
3961:she-
3937:she-
3929:that
3925:lit.
3919:she-
3911:lit.
3900:she-
3885:she-
3877:that
3873:she-
3813:iddo
3808:book
3681:fear
3641:huge
3615:piau
3580:very
3577:iawn
3564:+ is
3554:sy'n
3424:fear
3384:whom
3370:The
3322:bus:
3303:hit:
3236:car:
3233:Auto
3215:koji
3194:bus:
3175:hit:
3129:koji
3108:car:
3105:Auto
3089:koji
3069:koji
3065:koji
3015:him:
2986:that
2943:Onaj
2917:case
2897:koje
2889:koji
2857:koje
2821:are:
2799:bili
2783:saw:
2741:koje
2707:koji
2700:REFL
2679:see:
2676:vide
2641:are:
2618:koji
2562:and
2512:*yos
2399:The
2388:hai
2292:vīdī
2284:quās
2280:quae
2264:quae
2262:and
2244:The
2238:quās
2218:The
2214:quae
2202:case
2196:and
2100:Haus
2061:that
1998:and
1974:and
1950:and
1876:quoi
1821:.")
1815:that
1778:dont
1760:dont
1747:dont
1729:dont
1702:lit.
1694:dont
1677:dont
1663:that
1483:that
1468:that
1464:whom
1450:").
1448:whom
1444:whom
943:and
923:and
840:whom
838:vs.
830:vs.
822:and
808:case
789:illi
777:that
677:and
639:and
629:head
569:and
567:Thai
277:that
217:. A
209:. A
178:like
164:(or
146:whom
129:noun
127:head
107:noun
36:noun
9296:doi
9148:".
9146:što
8874:doi
8839:doi
8464:dem
8456:duh
8424:out
8421:out
8416:cry
8413:cry
8408:him
8405:him
8397:Duh
8388:In
8359:ste
8354:can
8338:she
8335:shi
8327:grl
8314:one
8311:wan
8303:Get
8277:ste
8272:can
8253:grl
8240:one
8237:wan
8229:Get
8202:ste
8197:can
8181:who
8170:grl
8157:one
8154:wan
8146:Get
8126:buy
8123:bai
8115:wen
8099:buk
8094:the
8086:see
8048:buy
8045:bai
8037:wen
8013:buk
8008:the
8000:see
7967:In
7907:rén
7883:huà
7872:huà
7853:for
7772:xìn
7761:xiě
7700:zài
7692:not
7681:all
7678:dōu
7667:rén
7630:bèi
7569:zài
7561:not
7550:all
7547:dōu
7536:rén
7443:pay
7408:win
7229:In
7182:INF
7065:NOM
7054:PAS
7004:LOC
6984:NOM
6973:PAS
6941:NOM
6930:PAS
6898:NOM
6894:3SG
6883:ACT
6848:NOM
6837:PAS
6730:NOM
6726:ang
6720:PAS
6705:=ng
6691:(6)
6645:DAT
6636:man
6607:ACC
6596:ACT
6560:DAT
6542:ACC
6533:man
6511:ACT
6485:man
6456:DAT
6438:ACC
6427:ACT
6419:(4)
6387:ACC
6378:man
6369:GEN
6359:PAS
6344:=ng
6301:DAT
6292:man
6283:GEN
6272:PAS
6200:ACC
6191:man
6182:NOM
6178:ang
6171:ACT
6157:=ng
6107:DAT
6090:man
6081:NOM
6077:ang
6070:ACT
6003:ang
5988:DAT
5970:ACC
5961:man
5950:NOM
5945:ang
5937:ACT
5902:DAT
5884:ACC
5865:ACT
5851:=ng
5846:man
5823:=ng
5756:(4)
5710:(3)
5651:(2)
5627:itu
5606:who
5591:(1)
5522:NOM
5494:DAT
5480:REL
5476:rom
5473:რომ
5467:DAT
5424:ERG
5410:NOM
5396:NOM
5372:=on
5370:DAT
5353:REL
5349:rom
5346:რომ
5287:NOM
5273:NOM
5248:DAT
5240:mas
5237:მას
5231:REL
5227:rom
5224:რომ
5218:DAT
5203:rom
5161:REL
5147:NOM
5132:NOM
5118:ERG
5053:DAT
5039:REL
5035:DAT
5021:NOM
5006:NOM
4967:DAT
4931:REL
4927:NOM
4913:NOM
4898:NOM
4881:In
4824:書いた
4818:OBJ
4810:記事を
4785:for
4751:作った
4745:OBJ
4704:やかん
4687:OBJ
4679:お湯を
4674:for
4646:淹れる
4640:OBJ
4632:紅茶を
4609:dog
4606:inu
4509:食べた
4503:OBJ
4470:天ぷら
4456:作った
4423:天ぷら
4381:in
4373:in
4371:-hu
4367:him
4324:أمس
4284:هذا
4249:أمس
4139:In
4101:dhu
3851:In
3834:).
3800:the
3783:REL
3779:IND
3770:man
3767:dyn
3762:the
3727:san
3714:his
3697:REL
3693:IND
3684:man
3676:the
3623:REL
3619:DIR
3610:man
3607:dyn
3602:the
3562:REL
3558:DIR
3549:man
3546:dyn
3541:the
3510:REL
3506:DIR
3497:man
3494:dyn
3489:the
3454:(t)
3449:saw
3440:REL
3436:DIR
3427:man
3419:the
3380:who
3328:ACC
3324:NOM
3286:AUX
3284:be:
3267:GEN
3263:ACC
3242:ACC
3238:NOM
3200:ACC
3196:NOM
3158:AUX
3156:be:
3139:ACC
3135:NOM
3114:ACC
3110:NOM
3083:by
3045:si
3043:što
3017:ACC
2996:AUX
2994:be:
2982:što
2967:NOM
2948:NOM
2924:što
2880:in
2876:of
2842:NOM
2823:AUX
2766:AUX
2761:sam
2747:ACC
2726:NOM
2695:se.
2662:NOM
2624:NOM
2603:NOM
2593:):
2551:).
2531:).
2482:hês
2454:hês
2431:tês
2428:τῆς
2394:hàs
2377:αἱ
2348:hàs
2323:hai
2299:see
2290:of
2188:In
2121:or
2111:was
2096:dem
2045:das
2041:die
2037:der
2021:of
1909:.")
1794:qui
1655:qui
1616:qui
1599:que
1552:que
1460:who
970:or
931:or
907:or
877:By
851:and
836:who
828:who
699:she
695:him
671:her
604:all
576:all
480:or
428:or
398:or
233:or
225:or
109:or
80:who
65:).
59:who
55:man
38:or
9596::
9558:55
9556:.
9550:.
9503:;
9375:;
9342:.
9336:.
9330:OL
9328:.
9320:.
9312:.
9302:.
9208:.
9202:OL
9200:.
9192:.
9154:23
9152:.
9130:.
9119:.
9113:OL
9111:.
9103:.
9074:^
9014:;
9010:;
9006:.
9002:ὅς
8974:.
8968:.
8960:.
8897:.
8870:24
8868:.
8845:,
8833:,
8807:.
8762:.
8726:.
8722:.
8693:.
8689:.
8653:;
8628:.
8606:.
8569:.
8459:it
8432:so
8429:so
8400:It
8346:no
8343:no
8264:no
8261:no
8189:no
8186:no
8178:hu
8091:da
8083:si
8067:Ai
8005:da
7997:si
7981:Ai
7948:;
7945:吃的
7940:de
7894:de
7861:tā
7850:tì
7839:wǒ
7793:毛笔
7783:de
7750:wǒ
7708:这里
7703:at
7689:bu
7654:de
7640:批评
7616:昨天
7577:这里
7572:at
7558:bu
7523:de
7509:批评
7498:昨天
7462:zū
7459:房租
7440:fù
7416:de
7351:水果
7341:de
7316:他们
7277:农人
7267:de
7253:水果
7235:de
7147::
7090:na
7061:si
7038:d.
7022:sa
6999:sa
6980:si
6965:c.
6937:si
6875:b.
6844:si
6641:sa
6621:na
6603:ng
6588:b.
6556:sa
6538:ng
6518:na
6470:na
6452:sa
6434:ng
6383:ng
6365:ng
6330:b.
6297:sa
6279:ng
6258:na
6221:*
6196:ng
6135:b.
6120:*
6103:sa
6056:na
5984:sa
5966:ng
5929:b.
5898:sa
5880:ng
5821:/
5819:na
5817:,
5562:."
5518:3S
5514:is
5511:ის
5391:is
5388:ის
5366:3S
5340:1S
5336:me
5333:მე
5327:."
5268:is
5265:ის
5244:3S
5104:."
4802:I-
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