440:
2913:
2550:
140:
2622:
A.D.) laid down the foundation of the rule of the
Sethupathi (watchmen of the bridge ) of Ramnad area under the Madurai Nayaks and made an agreement with the locals to stop the robbery. Muthu Krishnappa Nayaka appointed Sadayakka Teva as Sethupathi in 1605 A.D. to stop crimes and protect the pilgrims of Rameswaram through the wild and inhospitable region. When the power of the Nayak kings of
2561:
2711:
creditors for construction of irrigation works and massive developments projects and for charitable purposes that he soon ran into heavy debt. In 1895, most of the estate was pledged to the creditors who set up a trust for its administration and maintenance. Bhaskara
Sethupathi's successors actively
2621:
reign, the
Ramnadu region, due to lack of efficient leadership, crimes and robbery were found frequently against pilgrims of Rameswaram through the wild jungle. Due to lack of knowledge of the Jungles, Nayak army found it hard to control the robbers. Therefore, Muthu Krishnappa Nayaka (1601-1609
2640:
In the late 17th century, Raghunatha
Kilavan crowned himself king of Ramnad and changed his seat from Pogalur to Ramnad close to the east coast on the request of Muslim trade merchants to give protection against Portuguese traders. With the help and fund from Muslim trade merchants, he erected
2924:
The estate of Ramnad was located between 9 degrees 6' and 10 degrees 6' N latitude and 77 degrees 56' and 79 degrees 19' E longitudes. It comprised the southern and eastern portion of Madura district and included the whole Bay of Bengal coast of the district.
2969:
Jennifer Howes credits
Sethupathis for some historic constructions in Pogalur (Sethupathi coronation in 1604) , Kamudi had two lines of fortification some buildings and a well probably Sethupathis spent substantial time there , Ramnad,
2503:. Madurai Nayaks ruled the Ramnad area with the appointed chieftains between 14th to 16th century CE, and in 17th century CE the appointed governors expanded their power to establish "Ramnad Kingdom" which was also called as "
2687:. The state came under British influence in the 1790s and the king of Ramnad was deposed in 1795 for misrule. The British, then, made the king's sister the ruler of Ramnad and deprecated the kingdom to a
3246:
2661:
region) up to the river Pambar in return for his services during the civil war in Ramnad. A vassal of Ramnad who was amongst the victors in the civil war took over the westerly located
2422:
2807:
2604:
which was believed to have been constructed by Rama. The chieftains of Ramnad were entrusted with the responsibility of protecting the bridge, hence the appellation.
3239:
3323:
2883:
439:
3781:
3082:
3232:
3776:
2569:
2933:
The estate covered an area of 2,104 square miles (5,450 km) and had a population of 723,886 in 1901. It was one of the largest and most populous
2641:
massive fortifications to protect his capital. He ruled from 1673 to 1708 and oversaw the growth of the feudal chieftainship of Ramnad into powerful
2332:
2392:
3193:
2553:
2456:
2362:
371:
3394:
3356:
2372:
2961:
in Ramnad tehsil. Ramanathapuram, Kilakkarai, Paramakudi, Rameswaram, Mandapam and Pamban were some of the important towns in the estate.
386:
214:
2534:
in the 1605 AD. After the fall of
Madurai Nayaks, the governors established Kingdom of Ramnad. In 1803, the kingdom was converted to a
366:
361:
3056:
209:
2731:
marged estates, jagiirs, kingdom with the Union of India. Consequently, in 1949 all rulers lost the ruling rights. In 1971,
2701:
of Ramnad in 1803. Since then, until the India's independence in 1947, Ramnad was ruled by the queen and her descendants.
2449:
2182:
415:
3031:
204:
3659:
3349:
3224:
3177:
659:
648:
224:
194:
2957:
tehsils: Ramnad, Tiruvadanai, Paramakudi, Tiruchuli and
Mudukulathur. The administration was based in the town of
3086:
3011:
2877:
2783:
2717:
2516:
2507:
Kingdom" by the
British. In 1795 CE, after an heir dispute, they were reduced to the status of zamidari by the
2442:
691:
449:
121:
2267:
3619:
3342:
2850:
776:
381:
3624:
2377:
2247:
376:
356:
351:
159:
3791:
3786:
2680:
2600:
or "lord of the bridge" to guard the way to the island. The "bridge" referred to here is the legendary
2427:
2665:
region, thereby leaving only three-fifths of the kingdom actually in the hands of the king of Ramnad.
3796:
2871:
2684:
2397:
2357:
2347:
1822:
1416:
765:
637:
3154:
3634:
3109:
3007:
2282:
1196:
1036:
219:
2995:
2488:
2387:
2352:
2187:
1967:
1516:
1068:
997:
408:
3217:
2856:
2302:
2277:
2227:
2167:
1752:
1688:
1486:
702:
577:
234:
164:
3629:
3589:
3141:
3001:
2735:, an allowance given to the former rulers, was also abolished, thus ending all entitlements.
2724:
2713:
2618:
2531:
2512:
2337:
2307:
2172:
2127:
1957:
1596:
1586:
1556:
1288:
1268:
1129:
498:
460:
244:
229:
130:
3599:
3584:
3259:
2889:
2732:
2520:
2417:
2272:
2257:
2202:
1843:
8:
3614:
3594:
3574:
3527:
2917:
2862:
2728:
2704:
2197:
1925:
1772:
1466:
1446:
858:
806:
322:
307:
239:
199:
3279:
3187:
2895:
2774:
2654:
2627:
2565:
2508:
2402:
2262:
2242:
1887:
1496:
1406:
1176:
1166:
1099:
1048:
754:
670:
401:
174:
3334:
3254:
3211:
3697:
3669:
3609:
3579:
3569:
3515:
3382:
3289:
3173:
2720:
was an active supporter of the
Justice Party and promoted the Self-Respect Movement.
2668:
2492:
2412:
2382:
2292:
2287:
2232:
2177:
2007:
1897:
1876:
1832:
1802:
1506:
1436:
1426:
1396:
878:
840:
720:
472:
302:
3126:
2530:. The Zamindari had its origins in the administrative area of Ramnad established by
3452:
3407:
3294:
2601:
2543:
2484:
2407:
2342:
2312:
2297:
2252:
2237:
2222:
2192:
2087:
1782:
1566:
1476:
1355:
1345:
1298:
1227:
1206:
796:
786:
625:
560:
277:
59:
51:
3060:
2633:
3725:
3564:
1865:
1854:
1812:
1792:
1710:
1677:
1258:
1186:
1146:
1058:
1018:
980:
898:
2912:
3559:
3539:
3442:
3417:
3255:
2958:
2527:
2075:
2027:
1721:
1699:
1667:
1645:
1606:
1536:
1526:
1386:
1119:
929:
431:
317:
312:
287:
282:
47:
3770:
3740:
3721:
3674:
3644:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3487:
3271:
2676:
2496:
1937:
1762:
1156:
1109:
1089:
963:
946:
908:
888:
823:
607:
597:
587:
530:
327:
297:
187:
154:
55:
3604:
3492:
3427:
3310:
3284:
2937:
estates in the Madras
Presidency. The zamindar of Ramnad paid a tribute of
2707:, who lived in the late 19th century, borrowed large amounts of money from
2693:
2117:
2107:
1987:
1977:
1907:
1742:
1732:
1616:
1546:
1328:
1248:
868:
732:
680:
548:
292:
254:
249:
3472:
3369:
3263:
3127:"MILITARY POTENTIAL OF MADURAI NAYAKA'S FROM 1564 TO 1623 A.D. β A STUDY"
2542:
or "protector of the bridge", the bridge here referring to the legendary
2137:
2097:
2057:
1456:
1318:
1308:
169:
2596:. On the conclusion of the war and Rama's success in it, he appointed a
2549:
2538:
by the British. The male rulers of Ramnathapuram also bore the title of
3735:
3467:
3437:
3412:
2983:
2971:
2953:
Then part of the Madurai district, the estate was subdivided into five
2708:
2658:
2581:
2539:
2500:
2047:
1947:
1657:
332:
3745:
3170:
The Courts of Pre-Colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship
3168:
Howes, . 2003., Jennifer (2003). "Pantings in the Ramlinga Vilasam".
2662:
2612:
2519:
in the Union of India and in 1949 all rulers lost the ruling rights,
2017:
3709:
3649:
3477:
3365:
2479:
2367:
1278:
743:
520:
510:
139:
69:
2669:
19th-20th century CE: reduced to zamidari jagir during British Raj
3457:
3447:
2989:
2648:
2623:
2504:
1576:
481:
73:
3730:
3713:
3462:
3432:
2634:
17th-19th century CE: Rise as Ramnad Kingdom or Maravar Kingdom
2589:
1376:
259:
3639:
3531:
3482:
3422:
2698:
2593:
2814:
2580:
The estate of Ramnad included the Hindu holy island city of
2942:
2585:
2499:
from 1601. It was ruled by the rajas also had the title of
2037:
2560:
2798:
Sivakumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1735-1747)
3083:"Sethupathi Dynasty of Ramnad - Guardians of Rama Sethu"
3364:
3324:
List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)
2992:, community to which Ramnad / Sethupathi kings belonged
2768:
2795:
Kumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1728β1735)
2743:
2657:
claimed the northern part of the Ramnad kingdom (the
2483:
estate that existed in the Ramnad subdivision of the
3024:
2804:
Sella Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1749β1762)
3708:
2902:
2617:During Muttu Krishnappa Nayak (1601β1609 A.D.) of
2613:14th-16th century CE: As traditional Maravar kings
2986:, title of Raghunatha Kilavan and his descendants
3768:
2945:for the year 1903-04 to the British government.
3049:
2626:began to decline in the late 17th century, the
2584:, from where, legend has it that the Hindu god
2546:while female rulers bore the title "Nachiyar".
3167:
3004:, once ally and later adversary of Sethupathis
2998:, once ally and later adversary of Sethupathis
2847:Parvatha Vardhani Ammal Nachchiyar (1846β1862)
3782:States and territories disestablished in 1949
3393:
3350:
3240:
3114:. Madras : Govt. Press. pp. 44, 45.
2450:
409:
2758:Thirumalai Raghunatha Sethupathi (1646β1676)
2749:Udaiyan Sethupathi (a) Sadaikkan (1601β1623)
2738:
2477:was a permanently settled kingdom and later
3192:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2780:Muthu Vairavanatha Sethupathi I (1710β1712)
2526:The seat of administration was the town of
3777:States and territories established in 1601
3357:
3343:
3247:
3233:
3075:
3057:"Holder of History:The Ramnad Sethupathis"
2844:Muthu Chella Thevar Sethupathi (1830β1846)
2808:Muthuramalinga Vijaya Ragunatha Sethupathi
2457:
2443:
416:
402:
16:Zamindhari kingdom in India (1601 to 1949)
3172:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 71β158.
3124:
2815:Ruler of princely state under British Raj
2789:Sundaresvara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1725)
2755:Dalavai Raghunatha Sethupathi (1635β1645)
2911:
2559:
2548:
3210:
3107:
3769:
2928:
3696:
3695:
3514:
3513:
3381:
3380:
3338:
3228:
2792:Bavani Sangara Sethupathi (1725β1727)
2630:of Ramnad asserted his independence.
2764:Aathana Raghunatha Sethupathi (1677)
2523:was also finally abolished in 1971.
2769:Independent kings of Ramnad Kingdom
13:
3216:. Clarendon Press. 1908. pp.
2744:Chieftains With the Madurai Nayaks
14:
3808:
3161:
2835:Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1803β1807)
2825:Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1795β1803)
2964:
2903:Ramnad estate during British raj
2841:Ramaswami Sethupathi (1820β1830)
2838:Annaswami Sethupathi (1807β1820)
438:
138:
3213:The Imperial Gazetteer of India
3204:
3085:. Bridge of Ram. Archived from
2948:
39:Kingdom, later Zamindari estate
3125:Rajagopal, S (8 August 2019).
3118:
3101:
2878:Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi
2801:Rakka Thevar Sethupathi (1748)
2752:Koottan Sethupathi (1623β1635)
2718:Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi
692:Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
1:
3017:
2775:Raghunatha Kilavan Sethupathi
2761:Raja Suriya Sethupathi (1676)
1622:
1361:
1334:
1233:
1212:
1135:
1074:
1003:
986:
969:
952:
935:
914:
829:
812:
566:
3012:Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi
2851:Muthuramalinga Sethupathi II
2784:Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi
777:Northern Black Polished Ware
7:
2977:
2907:
2886:(March 1967 - December 1967
2685:French East India companies
2675:Ramnad participated in the
2373:Influence on Southeast Asia
160:Chronology of Tamil history
10:
3813:
3010:, war of succession after
2607:
755:Black and Red ware culture
3704:
3691:
3658:
3526:
3522:
3509:
3389:
3376:
3319:
3303:
3270:
3036:The History of Tamil Nadu
2872:Raja Rajeswara Sethupathi
2739:List of Sethupathi rulers
2588:launched his invasion of
2575:
766:Painted Grey Ware culture
638:Indus Valley Civilisation
111:
101:
91:
87:
79:
65:
43:
35:
30:
23:
3635:Mallick Bari (Midnapore)
3008:Marava War of Succession
2705:Raja Bhaskara Sethupathi
1417:Gurjara-Pratihara Empire
1397:Eastern Chalukya Kingdom
998:Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire
3032:"Sethupathi Tondaimans"
2996:Thanjavur Nayak kingdom
2810:I (1762-1772 1781-1795)
1517:Western Chalukya Empire
660:Mature Harappan culture
3149:Cite journal requires
2921:
2572:
2557:
2532:Muthu Krishnappa Nayak
2423:Science and technology
807:Three Crowned Kingdoms
649:Early Harappan culture
464:(2,500,000β250,000 BC)
165:List of Tamil monarchs
103:β’ Disestablished
3002:Madurai Nayak dynasty
2915:
2884:Dasarathan Sethupathi
2725:independence of India
2619:Madurai Nayak dynasty
2563:
2552:
2513:independence of India
2326:Specialised histories
1597:Kalachuris of Kalyani
1587:Kalachuris of Tripuri
1269:Western Ganga Kingdom
1197:Indo-Sassanid Kingdom
1147:Western Satrap Empire
1130:Indo-Parthian Kingdom
1120:Indo-Scythian Kingdom
671:Late Harappan culture
432:History of South Asia
131:History of Tamil Nadu
44:Common languages
3620:Munshibari (Comilla)
3260:Madras States Agency
3108:Francis, W. (1906).
2890:Ramanatha Sethupathi
1844:Ahmadnagar Sultanate
1646:Late medieval period
1557:Eastern Ganga Empire
1289:Vishnukundina Empire
3660:United Provinces of
3625:Munshibari (Ulipur)
2929:Area and population
2918:Bhaskara Sethupathy
2868:Dinakara Sethupathy
2863:Bhaskara Sethupathy
2729:Government of India
2643:"Kingdom of Ramnad"
2517:estates were merged
1926:Early modern period
1773:Vijayanagara Empire
1753:Chitradurga Kingdom
1447:Bhauma-Kara Kingdom
859:Shaishunaga dynasty
308:Vijayanagara Empire
200:Three Crowned Kings
93:β’ Established
3063:on 23 October 2012
2922:
2896:Rajeswari Nachiyar
2645:which is known as
2628:Raghunatha Kilavan
2573:
2566:Raghunatha Kilavan
2558:
2509:East India Company
2403:Partition of India
2268:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2216:Regional histories
2161:National histories
2048:Travancore Kingdom
2018:Thondaiman Kingdom
1888:Golkonda Sultanate
1497:Somavamshi Kingdom
1467:Rashtrakuta Empire
1407:Rashidun Caliphate
1329:Kabul Shahi Empire
1177:Nagas of Padmavati
1100:Indo-Greek Kingdom
1040:(230 BC β AD 1206)
733:Vedic Civilisation
681:Vedic Civilisation
578:Ahar-Banas culture
352:Ancient Tamil Nadu
333:Thondaiman Kingdom
215:Naming conventions
3792:Madras Presidency
3787:Zamindari estates
3762:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3698:Bombay Presidency
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3528:Estates in Bengal
3516:Bengal Presidency
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3383:Madras Presidency
3332:
3331:
3304:Non-salute states
3089:on 6 October 2011
2570:Ramalinga Vilasam
2493:Madras Presidency
2491:of the erstwhile
2471:Kingdom of Ramnad
2467:
2466:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2066:
2065:
1968:Thanjavur Kingdom
1916:
1915:
1877:Bijapur Sultanate
1833:Deccan sultanates
1711:Tughlaq Sultanate
1658:Ghaznavid Dynasty
1636:
1635:
1507:Chaulukya Kingdom
1437:Mallabhum kingdom
1427:Umayyad Caliphate
1167:Bharshiva Dynasty
1063:(200 BC β AD 300)
1053:(230 BC β AD 220)
1049:Satavahana Empire
1027:
1026:
1023:(247 BC β AD 224)
879:Macedonian Empire
853:(450 BC β AD 489)
841:Achaemenid Empire
711:
710:
616:
615:
539:
538:
489:
488:
473:Madrasian culture
426:
425:
303:Madurai Sultanate
175:Maritime contacts
115:
114:
25:Kingdom of Ramnad
3804:
3797:Madurai district
3706:
3705:
3693:
3692:
3524:
3523:
3511:
3510:
3453:Gajapathinagaram
3408:Sivaganga estate
3391:
3390:
3378:
3377:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3336:
3335:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3198:
3197:
3191:
3183:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3152:
3147:
3145:
3137:
3131:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3059:. Archived from
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3028:
2940:
2485:Madurai district
2459:
2452:
2445:
2408:Pakistan studies
2248:Himachal Pradesh
2088:Portuguese India
2084:
2083:
2080:
2038:Sikh Confederacy
1934:
1933:
1930:
1783:Bengal Sultanate
1722:Sayyid Sultanate
1700:Khalji Sultanate
1689:Mamluk Sultanate
1654:
1653:
1650:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1567:Kakatiya Kingdom
1477:Paramara Kingdom
1370:
1366:
1363:
1339:
1336:
1279:Kamarupa Kingdom
1242:
1238:
1235:
1228:Kalabhras Empire
1221:
1217:
1214:
1140:
1137:
1124:(50 BC β AD 400)
1104:(180 BC β AD 10)
1083:
1079:
1076:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1012:
1008:
1005:
991:
988:
974:
971:
957:
954:
940:
937:
923:
919:
916:
834:
831:
817:
814:
797:Haryanka dynasty
787:Pradyota dynasty
729:
728:
725:
634:
633:
630:
571:
568:
561:Anarta tradition
557:
556:
553:
521:Mehrgarh culture
511:Bhirrana culture
507:
506:
503:
502:(10,800β3300 BC)
469:
468:
465:
455:
454:
442:
428:
427:
418:
411:
404:
323:Kalahasti Nayaks
272:Medieval history
142:
117:
116:
21:
20:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3750:
3726:Hyderabad State
3700:
3679:
3661:
3654:
3518:
3497:
3385:
3372:
3363:
3333:
3328:
3315:
3299:
3266:
3256:Princely states
3253:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3166:
3162:
3150:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3129:
3123:
3119:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3020:
2980:
2967:
2951:
2938:
2931:
2916:Raja of Ramnad
2910:
2905:
2817:
2771:
2746:
2741:
2691:by a permanent
2671:
2655:king of Tanjore
2653:. In 1725, the
2636:
2615:
2610:
2578:
2489:Ramnad district
2463:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2327:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2217:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2162:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2081:
2078:
2076:Colonial states
2068:
2067:
1958:Madurai Kingdom
1931:
1928:
1918:
1917:
1866:Bidar Sultanate
1855:Berar sultanate
1823:Ladakh Kingdom
1813:Gajapati Empire
1793:Garhwal Kingdom
1678:Delhi Sultanate
1651:
1648:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1607:Chutiya Kingdom
1577:Zamorin Kingdom
1368:
1364:
1356:Maukhari Empire
1346:Chalukya Empire
1337:
1299:Maitraka Empire
1240:
1236:
1219:
1215:
1207:Vakataka Empire
1187:Sasanian Empire
1138:
1081:
1077:
1059:Kuninda Kingdom
1042:
1039:
1037:Middle Kingdoms
1029:
1028:
1019:Parthian Empire
1010:
1006:
989:
972:
955:
938:
921:
917:
832:
815:
726:
723:
713:
712:
631:
628:
618:
617:
569:
554:
551:
541:
540:
531:Edakkal culture
504:
501:
491:
490:
482:Soanian culture
466:
463:
452:
422:
393:
392:
391:
346:
338:
337:
278:Kalabhra Empire
273:
265:
264:
190:
180:
179:
150:
104:
94:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3810:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3702:
3701:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3520:
3519:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3443:Bheemunipatnam
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3418:Paralakhemundi
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3395:Madras estates
3387:
3386:
3374:
3373:
3366:Feudal Estates
3362:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3252:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3178:
3160:
3151:|journal=
3117:
3100:
3074:
3048:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2979:
2976:
2966:
2963:
2959:Ramanathapuram
2950:
2947:
2930:
2927:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2860:
2857:Court of Wards
2854:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2712:supported the
2697:granting them
2670:
2667:
2635:
2632:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2577:
2574:
2528:Ramanathapuram
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2028:Maratha Empire
2024:
2023:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2008:Sikkim Kingdom
2004:
2003:
2000:
1998:Marava Kingdom
1994:
1993:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1898:Keladi Kingdom
1894:
1893:
1890:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1803:Mysore Kingdom
1799:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1733:Lodi Sultanate
1728:
1727:
1724:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1668:Ghurid Dynasty
1664:
1663:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1537:Hoysala Empire
1533:
1532:
1529:
1527:Lohara Kingdom
1523:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1387:Tibetan Empire
1383:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1259:Kadamba Empire
1255:
1254:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1000:
994:
993:
983:
981:Pallava Empire
977:
976:
966:
960:
959:
949:
943:
942:
932:
926:
925:
911:
905:
904:
901:
899:Seleucid India
895:
894:
891:
885:
884:
881:
875:
874:
871:
865:
864:
861:
855:
854:
851:
847:
846:
843:
837:
836:
826:
824:Maha Janapadas
820:
819:
809:
803:
802:
799:
793:
792:
789:
783:
782:
779:
772:
771:
768:
761:
760:
759:(1300β1000 BC)
757:
750:
749:
746:
739:
738:
735:
727:
719:
718:
715:
714:
709:
708:
705:
698:
697:
696:(2000β1600 BC)
694:
687:
686:
683:
677:
676:
675:(1900β1300 BC)
673:
666:
665:
664:(2600β1900 BC)
662:
655:
654:
653:(3300β2600 BC)
651:
644:
643:
642:(3300β1300 BC)
640:
632:
629:(3300β1300 BC)
624:
623:
620:
619:
614:
613:
610:
604:
603:
602:(1600β1300 BC)
600:
594:
593:
590:
584:
583:
582:(3000β1500 BC)
580:
574:
573:
563:
555:
552:(3500β1500 BC)
547:
546:
543:
542:
537:
536:
535:(5000β3000 BC)
533:
527:
526:
525:(7000β3300 BC)
523:
517:
516:
515:(7570β6200 BC)
513:
505:
497:
496:
493:
492:
487:
486:
484:
478:
477:
475:
467:
459:
458:
453:
448:
447:
444:
443:
435:
434:
424:
423:
421:
420:
413:
406:
398:
395:
394:
390:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
348:
347:
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
318:Tanjore Nayaks
315:
313:Madurai Nayaks
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
288:Pandyan Empire
285:
283:Pallava Empire
280:
274:
271:
270:
267:
266:
263:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
191:
186:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
151:
148:
147:
144:
143:
135:
134:
126:
125:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
67:
63:
62:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3809:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3765:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3741:Veepanagandla
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3722:Paigah family
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3662:Agra and Oudh
3657:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3512:
3508:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3488:Visakhapatnam
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3403:Ramnad estate
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3370:Indian Empire
3367:
3360:
3355:
3353:
3348:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3272:Salute states
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3195:
3189:
3181:
3179:9781135789961
3175:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3143:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3113:
3112:
3104:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3023:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2965:Constructions
2962:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2936:
2926:
2919:
2914:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2727:in 1947, the
2726:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2714:Justice Party
2710:
2706:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2677:Carnatic wars
2673:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2605:
2603:
2602:Rama's Bridge
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2555:
2554:Ramnad Palace
2551:
2547:
2545:
2544:Rama's Bridge
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:British India
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2475:Ramnad estate
2472:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2283:Uttar Pradesh
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2212:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2157:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1938:Mughal Empire
1936:
1935:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1763:Reddy Kingdom
1761:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:Yadava Empire
1485:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1377:Harsha Empire
1375:
1374:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1157:Kushan Empire
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1090:Shunga Empire
1088:
1087:
1072:
1070:
1069:Mitra Dynasty
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1011: AD 500
1007: 250 BC
1001:
999:
996:
995:
990: 250 AD
984:
982:
979:
978:
973: 300 BC
967:
965:
962:
961:
956: 300 BC
950:
948:
947:Chera Kingdom
945:
944:
939: 300 BC
933:
931:
930:Pandya Empire
928:
927:
922: 300 AD
918: 300 BC
912:
910:
909:Sangam period
907:
906:
902:
900:
897:
896:
892:
890:
889:Maurya Empire
887:
886:
882:
880:
877:
876:
872:
870:
867:
866:
862:
860:
857:
856:
852:
849:
848:
844:
842:
839:
838:
827:
825:
822:
821:
816: 600 BC
810:
808:
805:
804:
800:
798:
795:
794:
790:
788:
785:
784:
780:
778:
774:
773:
770:(1200β600 BC)
769:
767:
763:
762:
758:
756:
752:
751:
748:(1500β600 BC)
747:
745:
741:
740:
737:(1500β500 BC)
736:
734:
731:
730:
724:(1500β200 BC)
722:
717:
716:
707:(1600β500 BC)
706:
704:
700:
699:
695:
693:
689:
688:
685:(2000β500 BC)
684:
682:
679:
678:
674:
672:
668:
667:
663:
661:
657:
656:
652:
650:
646:
645:
641:
639:
636:
635:
627:
622:
621:
612:(1400β700 BC)
611:
609:
608:Jorwe culture
606:
605:
601:
599:
598:Malwa culture
596:
595:
592:(1600β750 BC)
591:
589:
588:Pandu culture
586:
585:
581:
579:
576:
575:
564:
562:
559:
558:
550:
545:
544:
534:
532:
529:
528:
524:
522:
519:
518:
514:
512:
509:
508:
500:
495:
494:
485:
483:
480:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
462:
457:
456:
451:
446:
445:
441:
437:
436:
433:
430:
429:
419:
414:
412:
407:
405:
400:
399:
397:
396:
388:
387:Ancient sites
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
342:
341:
334:
331:
329:
328:Gingee Nayaks
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
298:Chera Kingdom
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
269:
268:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
245:Early Pandyas
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:Sangam period
184:
183:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
146:
145:
141:
137:
136:
133:
132:
128:
127:
123:
119:
118:
110:
106:
100:
96:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3764:
3615:Singranatore
3595:Prithimpassa
3493:Vizianagaram
3428:Markundapadu
3402:
3280:Banganapalle
3212:
3205:Bibliography
3169:
3163:
3142:cite journal
3133:
3120:
3110:
3103:
3091:. Retrieved
3087:the original
3077:
3065:. Retrieved
3061:the original
3051:
3039:. Retrieved
3035:
3026:
2968:
2954:
2952:
2949:Subdivisions
2934:
2932:
2923:
2830:As Zamindars
2722:
2703:
2692:
2688:
2679:between the
2674:
2672:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2616:
2597:
2579:
2535:
2525:
2515:in 1947 the
2511:. After the
2478:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2348:Demographics
2338:Architecture
2118:French India
2108:Danish India
1997:
1988:Bengal Subah
1978:Bhoi dynasty
1908:Koch Kingdom
1743:Ahom Kingdom
1617:Deva Kingdom
1309:Huna Kingdom
1249:Gupta Empire
1151:(AD 35β405 )
1110:Kanva Empire
1082: 50 BC
964:Chola Empire
903:(312β303 BC)
893:(321β184 BC)
883:(330β323 BC)
873:(380β321 BC)
869:Nanda Empire
863:(424β345 BC)
845:(550β330 BC)
801:(684β424 BC)
791:(799β684 BC)
781:(700β200 BC)
703:Swat culture
549:Chalcolithic
461:Palaeolithic
377:Inscriptions
357:Architecture
293:Chola Empire
255:Early Cholas
250:Early Cheras
210:Legal system
129:
18:
3630:Murshidabad
3473:Nabarangpur
3413:Arni estate
3290:Pudukkottai
3264:British Raj
3262:during the
2920:(1889β1903)
2898:(1979-2023)
2892:(1967-1979)
2880:(1929β1967)
2874:(1903β1929)
2865:(1889β1903)
2859:(1873β1889)
2853:(1862β1873)
2786:(1713-1725)
2777:(1678β1710)
2733:privy purse
2521:privy purse
2333:Agriculture
2303:South India
2278:Maharashtra
2228:Balochistan
2168:Afghanistan
2142:(1858β1947)
2138:British Raj
2132:(1757β1858)
2128:Company Raj
2122:(1759β1954)
2112:(1620β1869)
2102:(1605β1825)
2098:Dutch India
2092:(1510β1961)
2079:(1510β1961)
2062:(1799β1849)
2058:Sikh Empire
2052:(1729β1947)
2042:(1707β1799)
2032:(1674β1818)
2022:(1650β1948)
2012:(1642β1975)
2002:(1600β1750)
1992:(1576β1757)
1982:(1541β1804)
1972:(1532β1673)
1962:(1529β1736)
1952:(1540β1556)
1942:(1526β1858)
1929:(1526β1858)
1912:(1515β1947)
1902:(1499β1763)
1892:(1518β1687)
1881:(1492β1686)
1870:(1492β1619)
1859:(1490β1574)
1848:(1490β1636)
1837:(1490β1596)
1827:(1470β1842)
1817:(1434β1541)
1807:(1399β1947)
1797:(1358β1803)
1787:(1352β1576)
1777:(1336β1646)
1767:(1325β1448)
1757:(1300β1779)
1747:(1228β1826)
1737:(1451β1526)
1726:(1414β1451)
1715:(1320β1414)
1704:(1290β1320)
1693:(1206β1290)
1682:(1206β1526)
1672:(1170β1206)
1649:(1206β1526)
1630: 1300
1626: 1200
1611:(1187β1673)
1601:(1156β1184)
1581:(1102β1766)
1571:(1083β1323)
1561:(1078β1434)
1551:(1070β1230)
1547:Sena Empire
1541:(1040β1347)
1531:(1003β1320)
1457:Pala Empire
1319:Rai Kingdom
1161:(AD 60β240)
1094:(185β73 BC)
850:Ror Dynasty
570: 3950
170:Wootz steel
3771:Categories
3736:Wanaparthy
3710:Zamindaris
3670:Mahmudabad
3560:Dighapatia
3468:Malkangiri
3438:Anakapalle
3295:Travancore
3093:10 January
3067:10 January
3041:10 January
3018:References
2984:Sethupathi
2972:Rameswaram
2723:After the
2709:Nagarathar
2659:Aranthangi
2598:Sethupathi
2582:Rameswaram
2556:front view
2540:Sethupathi
2501:Sethupathi
2487:and later
2413:Philosophy
2393:Metallurgy
2383:Literature
2308:Tamil Nadu
2173:Bangladesh
1948:Sur Empire
1662:(977β1186)
1628: β c.
1591:(675β1210)
1521:(973β1189)
1511:(942β1244)
1501:(882β1110)
1491:(850β1334)
1481:(800β1327)
1461:(750β1174)
1441:(694β1947)
1421:(650β1036)
1401:(624β1075)
1369: 700
1367: β c.
1365: 550
1338: 500
1283:(350β1100)
1273:(350β1000)
1241: 600
1239: β c.
1237: 250
1220: 500
1218: β c.
1216: 250
1139: 130
1114:(75β26 BC)
1080: β c.
1078: 150
1009: β c.
975:β AD 1279)
958:β AD 1102)
941:β AD 1345)
920: β c.
833: 600
818:β AD 1600)
626:Bronze Age
345:Categories
220:Government
3746:Palwancha
3555:Darbhanga
3188:cite book
2955:zamindari
2935:zamindari
2689:zamindari
2663:Sivaganga
2564:Built by
2536:zamindari
2480:zamindari
2363:Education
2353:Dynasties
2273:Rajasthan
2258:Karnataka
2203:Sri Lanka
1471:(753β982)
1451:(736β916)
1431:(661β750)
1411:(632β661)
1391:(618β841)
1381:(606β647)
1350:(543β753)
1323:(489β632)
1313:(475β576)
1303:(475β767)
1293:(420β624)
1263:(345β525)
1253:(280β550)
1201:(230β360)
1191:(224β651)
1181:(210β340)
1171:(170β350)
1134:(AD 21 β
992:β AD 800)
744:Janapadas
572:β1900 BC)
499:Neolithic
372:Monuments
367:Economies
205:Education
155:TamiαΈ»akam
66:Religion
31:1601β1949
3650:Hetampur
3605:Rajshahi
3478:Rayagada
2978:See also
2908:Location
2683:and the
2651:Kingdom"
2428:Timeline
2418:Religion
2398:Military
2388:Maritime
2378:Language
2368:Indology
2198:Pakistan
2188:Maldives
1886: β
1875: β
1864: β
1853: β
1842: β
1731: β
1720: β
1709: β
1698: β
1687: β
835:β300 BC)
775: β
764: β
753: β
742: β
721:Iron Age
701: β
690: β
669: β
658: β
647: β
235:Religion
122:a series
120:Part of
3675:Benares
3600:Padamdi
3585:Mahipur
3580:Karatia
3575:Haturia
3570:Gunahar
3550:Burdwan
3458:Gunupur
3448:Bobbili
3368:of the
3258:of the
2990:Maravar
2820:As king
2681:British
2649:Maravar
2624:Madurai
2608:History
2505:Maravar
2358:Economy
2343:Coinage
2263:Kashmir
2243:Gujarat
1340:β 1026)
450:Outline
362:Culture
230:Society
225:Economy
195:Sources
80:History
60:Persian
52:English
3731:Gadwal
3714:Bombay
3610:Puthia
3590:Natore
3545:Bhawal
3463:Kotpad
3433:Nuzvid
3311:Sandur
3285:Cochin
3176:
3111:Madura
2590:Ravana
2576:Legend
2293:Odisha
2288:Punjab
2233:Bengal
2178:Bhutan
260:Velirs
83:
36:Status
3645:Andul
3640:Surul
3565:Dulai
3540:Dhaka
3532:Bihar
3483:Salur
3423:Urlam
3220:β179.
3130:(PDF)
2941:3.75
2699:jagir
2694:sanad
2594:Lanka
2313:Tibet
2298:Sindh
2253:Kabul
2238:Bihar
2223:Assam
2193:Nepal
2183:India
382:Forts
240:Music
70:Hindu
48:Tamil
3530:and
3194:link
3174:ISBN
3155:help
3095:2021
3069:2021
3043:2021
2943:lakh
2586:Rama
2469:The
149:Main
107:1949
97:1601
74:Jain
56:Urdu
3724:of
3712:in
3218:177
2592:'s
2495:in
2473:or
3773::
3190:}}
3186:{{
3146::
3144:}}
3140:{{
3132:.
3034:.
2974:.
2716:.
1623:c.
1362:c.
1335:c.
1234:c.
1213:c.
1136:c.
1075:c.
1004:c.
987:c.
970:c.
953:c.
936:c.
915:c.
830:c.
813:c.
567:c.
124:on
72:,
58:,
54:,
50:,
3358:e
3351:t
3344:v
3248:e
3241:t
3234:v
3196:)
3182:.
3157:)
3153:(
3136:.
3134:8
3097:.
3071:.
3045:.
2939:βΉ
2647:"
2568:-
2458:e
2451:t
2444:v
1632:)
1621:(
1371:)
1360:(
1333:(
1243:)
1232:(
1222:)
1211:(
1141:)
1084:)
1073:(
1013:)
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