Ralph Flanders - Knowledge

1018:' of cartoon fame, the Vermonter delivered a scathing address in which he lambasted the Wisconsin man for dividing the nation. 'In every country in which communism has taken over,' he reminded the Senate, 'the beginning has been a successful campaign of division and confusion.' He marveled at the way the Soviet Union was winning military successes in Asia without risking its own resources or men, and said this nation was witnessing 'another example of economy of effort ... in the conquest of this country for communism.' He added, 'One of the characteristic elements of communist and fascist tyranny is at hand as citizens are set to spy upon each other.' 'Were the junior Senator from Wisconsin in the pay of the communists, he could not have done a better job for them.' 'This is a colossal innocence, indeed.' 31: 941:'s "misdirection of our efforts at fighting communism" and his role in "the loss of respect for us in the world at large". He felt that rather than looking inward for communists within U.S. borders, the nation should look outward at the "alarming world-wide advance of Communist power" that would leave the United States and Canada as "the last remnants of the free world". On March 9, 1954 he addressed Senator McCarthy on the Senate floor, expressing these concerns. (McCarthy had been advised of the speech, but was absent at the time.) Apart from a brief note of encouragement after this speech, Flanders was grateful that 959:

decency,' while another told him, 'Your remarks brought a breath of fresh clean air from the Green Mountains.' Two Senate colleagues, John Sherman Cooper, R-Kentucky, and Herbert Lehman, D-New York, were among those who heaped praise on the Vermont senator. The editor of a national publication said: 'It was one of the few recent indications that the Republican Party on Capitol Hill is not wholly devoid of courageous moral leadership.' And an editorial in the Rutland Herald stated, 'The effect of the speech was to hearten that vast majority of Americans who hate communism but who also revere the Constitution.'

712:, and Flanders's side suggested that "Aiken was unduly influenced by his administrative assistant, a pretty 24-year-old with a fondness for power". In retrospect, Flanders felt that he had allowed his campaign advisers to make too many of the decisions. For example, a campaign brochure showed the candidate wearing a three-piece suit and holding a piglet in his arms. Although he had grown up on a subsistence farm and had an active interest in Vermont agriculture—especially in the type of hog shown in the picture—this had the effect of making him appear to be a phony. The 559:, appointed Flanders to the Business Advisory Council, which was created to provide input to the administration on matters affecting business. The Council then made Flanders chairman of the Committee on Unemployment. This committee recommended addressing the problem both geographically and by industry. Flanders reported, however, that when the committee made its recommendations President Roosevelt was preoccupied with augmenting the Supreme Court and ultimately chose the undistributed profits tax instead—a choice that Flanders felt discouraged capital investment. 3669: 268:. He grew up on subsistence farms in Vermont and Rhode Island and was an apprentice machinist and draftsman before training as a mechanical engineer. He spent five years in New York City as an editor for a machine tool magazine. After moving back to Vermont, he managed and then became president of a successful machine tool company. Flanders used his experience as an industrialist to advise state and national commissions in Vermont, New England and Washington, D.C., on industrial and economic policy. He was president of the 471:. Flanders redesigned that lathe to achieve higher productivity and accuracy. He became a director in 1912 and president of the company in 1933 after Hartness retired. As president of J&L, Flanders implemented a continuous production line to manufacture the Hartness Turret Lathe instead of building each machine individually, attempting to bring some of the efficiencies of mass production to machine tool building. By 1923, he had acquired and assigned more than twenty patents to J&L. 3302: 1077: 782:

conservatism was concerned with preserving institutions that serve the interests of people, collectively. Conservatives, according to Flanders, could find themselves offering "reasoned objections to foolish proposals" by emotionally motivated liberals. He observed that, "Even in the established democracies, ... the voters are easily seduced into leaving politics to skillful politicians who are themselves without a sense of general, social responsibility."

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day. Vermont had not elected a Democrat to any statewide office since the founding of the Republican Party in 1854, and as expected, Flanders easily won his contest, receiving 75 percent to Democratic nominee Charles P. McDevitt's 25. Flanders was overwhelmingly reelected in 1952, taking 72 percent to Democratic nominee Allan R. Johnston's 28. He declined to seek a third term in 1958.

304: 475: 681: 861:. Flanders recognized the president's political genius and leadership skills, but deplored his advocacy of raising taxes. He characterized the Roosevelt philosophy as one where re-employment "must come from Government—not private—action." Flanders felt that large social programs were an ineffective approach to solve national problems. 570:(NRA). The NRA allowed industries to create "codes of fair competition," intended to reduce destructive competition and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours. Flanders was appointed to the industrial advisory board of the NRA. In a speech before a 1934 conference of the code authority members, attended by 964: 1157:

cited Flanders three times and spoke of him as one of five Vermont politicians who, "spoke their minds, often to the dismay of their party leaders, and did their best to guide the party in the direction of those fundamental principles they believed in." In speeches to Georgetown University Law Center

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and legal assistance from the Committee for a More Effective Congress he modified his resolution to "bring it in line with previous actions of censure." The text of the resolution of censure condemns the senator for "obstructing the constitutional processes of the Senate" when he "failed to cooperate

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religious beginning, which evolved with his experience into a belief in "moral law". He felt that "recognition of moral law is as much a necessary requirement of social achievement as physical law is of material advancement." In Flanders's view, moral law required honesty, compassion, responsibility,

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The speech was a sensation, and the next day Vonda Bergman reported to the Herald that Flanders was unable to appear on the Senate floor because of the flood of telephone calls and telegrams, said to run 6-1 in his support. One message called his speech 'a fine example of Vermont courage, humor and

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Flanders felt that, to quell inflation, wage increases should be tied to productivity increases, rather than the cost of living. He recommended splitting gains in productivity three ways: to the worker for higher wages, to the company for higher profits and to the consumer for lower prices. He felt

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In 1940, the New England Council elected Flanders president. The governors of the New England states had established this council to study industry and commerce in their states. Flanders's role increased his awareness of the labor and business assets in New England. He also tried to alert his peers

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as an important application of moral law to public policy. He said that the plan's true purpose was to fend off Communism through the economic restoration of Europe—not to provide relief to Europe (something beyond the powers of the U.S.), nor to enhance gratitude towards the U.S., its prestige or

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appointed Flanders to complete the remainder of Austin's term. With Flanders certain to win the November 5 election for the term that started in January 1947, his appointment to complete the two months left in Austin's term gave him seniority over the freshman Senators who were elected on the same

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In 1942, Flanders became involved in the Committee for Economic Development (CED), an offshoot of the Business Advisory Council, whose purpose was to help re-align the nation to a peacetime economy after the war. Flanders reported helping to shape the CED's recommendations to Congress on roles for

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appointed Flanders to two commissions: first, the Special Milk Investigative Committee to study ways to modernize dairying in Vermont; and second, the Flood Control Commission, which chose Flanders as its chairman. This commission was to negotiate with other New England states a means of sharing

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reported that a "group of 23 top businessmen, labor leaders and educators ... wired every U.S. Senator (except McCarthy himself) urging a favorable vote 'to curb the flagrant abuse of power by Senator McCarthy.'" The Senate censured McCarthy on December 2, 1954 by a vote of 65 to 22. The Senate

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Flanders began to write about social policy. His major concern was human development in a technological era. He addressed employing spiritual guidance with a "program of human values" to achieve a good life. Nevertheless, his underlying goal was to achieve "full employment". So, he kept himself

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In 1909, while working long hours on his definitive book on gear cutting machinery, his energy gave out and he suffered a "nervous breakdown". He took time off to recover, and in 1910 he accepted an offer to work at a machine tool company in Vermont. He continued to write on technical and other

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Flanders, although himself a conservative, espoused a constructive competition between conservatism and liberalism. He felt that liberalism represented the welfare of individual people, as opposed to organizations—governments, businesses, etc.—preserving freedom of thought and action. For him,

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observed that, "In Vermont in 1940, pigs were common to many households. But so was common sense. There were many people, most in fact, who did not want as their representative someone who would wear his best clothes if he intended to be handling pigs." Aiken won by 7,000 votes, having spent $

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Flanders felt that spending 62% of federal income on defense was irrational, when the Soviet government claimed it wished to avoid nuclear conflict. He advocated that the development of "A- and H-bombs be paralleled with equally intense negotiations towards disarmament." For him, "gaining the

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magazine in New York City. This job, which he held between 1905 and 1910, required him to cover developments in the machine tool industry. He traveled widely to visit the companies that he wrote about, which provided him many valuable contacts with leaders in the industry. As editor, he wrote

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and elsewhere. He used his Senate committee as a nationally televised forum for attacks on individuals whom he accused. Flanders felt that McCarthy's attacks distracted the nation from a much greater threat of Communist successes elsewhere in the world and that they had the effect of creating

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cited Flanders as one of three Vermont politicians who showed, "the importance of standing firm in your beliefs," "that conflict need not be hostile or adversarial" and who "rose up against abuses, against infringements upon Americans' rights when doing that was not popular." In 2016 Vermont

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as recognition of this accomplishment, which improved the accurate manufacture of die-cut screws in soft metal and solved the problem of thread-grinding on hardened work. The award also recognized their development of a precision grinding machine that enabled rapid production of

574:, Flanders opposed a proposal by the Roosevelt administration to require that businesses cut worker hours by 10 percent and raise wages by 10 percent in order to spread employment more widely. Ultimately, economic policy moved away from the codes system. 889:

was generally a good president, but was hampered by the Roosevelt legacy of appeasing the Soviets. He also felt that Truman's commitment to bringing the Nationalist and Communist Chinese factions together into an alliance was mistaken. He endorsed the

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with the Subcommittee on Privileges and Elections of the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration and acting "contrary to senatorial ethics" when he described the Select Committee to Study Censure Charges and its chairman in slanderous terms.

524:(ASME) from 1934 to 1936. He was vice president of the American Engineering Council in 1937. Throughout the 1930s, Flanders served as chairman of the Screw-Thread Committee of the American Standards Association. In 1944 the ASME awarded him the 1047:

characterized the reaction in Vermont to Flanders's role in the McCarthy censure as "sour". It concludes that Flanders's convictions did not necessarily reflect the priorities of his constituency, which regarded the issue as "not our problem".

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Flanders's voting record in the Senate was more conservative than his senior colleague, George Aiken, and reflected Flanders's business orientation. In his second term, a Republican majority allowed Flanders to obtain seats on the

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division and confusion within the United States, to the advantage of its enemies. Ultimately, McCarthy's tactics and his inability to substantiate his claims led to his being discredited and censured by the United States Senate.

853:'s warning that it was "easily possible that hostilities would be initiated by a surprise attack upon the fleet or the Naval Base at Pearl Harbor." He further faulted the president for failing to recognize the growing threat of 815:(of 1946) before the Banking and Currency Committee of the Senate in 1945, Flanders defined the "right to a job," as implying a responsibility shared among individuals, organized labor, businesses, and governments, as follows: 795:

cooperation, humility, and wisdom—values that all cultures hold in common. For him it was an absolute standard. He spoke of a "Presence" or "daimon" that "renewed his courage" and "indicated direction" in everything he did.

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Flanders's relations with organized labor were amicable. He welcomed the United Electrical Workers Union into Jones & Lamson Machine Company. J&L became the first company in Springfield, Vermont to be unionized.

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During his education in Rhode Island, Flanders received a solid grounding in mathematics, literature, Latin and Classical Greek. In addition, he acquired a working knowledge of German and French. According to Senator

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State and local governments can help preserve human rights and property rights that foster investment, while the Federal Government should "encourage business to expand and investors to undertake new ventures."

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J&L publicity photo from ca.1940 showing J&L president, Ralph Flanders (left) and his brother, mechanical engineer Ernest Flanders (right of machine), with their invention, the automatic screw thread

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Flanders's career began with an apprenticeship, progressed into engineering, journalism, management, policy consulting, banking, finance, and finally politics when he was elected U.S. Senator from Vermont.

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In his first years as a machinist and draftsman, he spent his vacations traveling by bicycle over country roads between Rhode Island and Vermont and New Hampshire. Later, he lived for a time in

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that with this approach everyone would benefit at the company level and in the national economy. Such an approach would require mutual respect and understanding between labor and management.

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Flanders, Ralph E. (October 1909e), "The design and manufacture of a high-grade motor car – Illustrated detailed description of the factory, methods and products of the Stevens-Duryea Co.",

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Gear-cutting machinery, comprising a complete review of contemporary American and European practice, together with a logical classification and explanation of the principles involved

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On June 11, 1954, Flanders introduced a resolution charging McCarthy "with unbecoming conduct and calling for his removal from his committee membership." Upon the advice of Senators

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Flanders's Senate legacy has continued to inspire Vermont politicians. In his May 24, 2001 speech announcing his departure from the Republican Party, Vermont Senator

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Flanders died in Springfield on February 19, 1970. He was buried at Summer Hill Cemetery in Springfield alongside his wife and members of the Hartness family.

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for his "public service in the field of social, civic and humanitarian effort". The British Institution of Mechanical Engineers made him an honorary member.

5172: 4999: 4737: 383:. Following his apprenticeship, he worked for various machine tool companies in New England. Despite his lack of a formal university education, he was a 5111: 5079: 5071: 5031: 4972: 4924: 4900: 319:, on September 28, 1880, the oldest of the nine children of Albert W. Flanders and Mary (Gilfillan) Flanders. When Flanders was six, his family moved to 869:

In his autobiography, Flanders reported exploring opportunities for government funding of public housing and higher education. He voted in favor of the

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company to invest—according to a set of investment rules and goals—in a pool of fledgling companies. Flanders served as a director of AR&D.

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interested Flanders greatly. He was concerned about the worldwide encroachment of Communism even without force of arms. He felt that President

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In 1910, he moved to Springfield, Vermont to work as a mechanical engineer for the Fellows Gear Shaper Company. He was already friendly with

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According to Flanders, while serving in the Senate, he revised the International Correspondence Schools course on gearing and gear cutting.

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stayed out of the McCarthy controversy. Members of President Eisenhower's cabinet passed along the message that Flanders should "lay off."

998:"hinted at retribution for McCarthy's foes" and called McCarthy "a demigod above the law of the U.S.A. ... If you disagree, you are RED." 3539: 3447: 3404: 1097: 371:

Unable to afford college tuition after his high school graduation, in 1896 Flanders's father bought him a two-year apprenticeship at the

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Resolutions of the Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on the Death of Ralph Edward Flanders Life Member Emeritus

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Organized Labor should avoid wage demands that upset costs of production in a manner that decreases the total volume of employment.

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In 1917, Flanders served in the Machine-Tool Section of the War Industries Board. After World War I, he oversaw the completion of

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in China. In Flanders's opinion, he sold out on Mongolia, Nationalist China and Central Europe to Communist powers at the 1943

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Flanders began writing early in his career, and his published articles on machine tool technology led to a job as an editor of

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Limitations of national policy: speech of Hon. Ralph E. Flanders of Vermont in the Senate of the United States August 11, 1949

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through the 1930s, first as a member, then as chairman of the Screw-Thread Committee of the American Standards Association.

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Margolis, Jon (July 11, 2004), "A mighty fall—How an obscure Vermont senator brought down Joseph McCarthy 50 years ago.",

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matters throughout his life and developed a broad philosophy of the role of industry in society. In 1938, he received a

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described the 1940 Republican primary campaign as dirty and mean. Aiken's side accused Flanders of selling arms to the

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Each individual should be "productive, self-reliant and energetically in search of employment, when out of a job."

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Porter, Bill; Terry, Stephen C. (September 9, 1990), "Down & Dirty—The Aiken-Flanders Primary of 1940",

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Vermont Public Radio commentary commemorating the 50th anniversary of Flanders's senate speech on McCarthy.

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During his lifetime, Flanders received more than sixteen honorary degrees from institutions that included

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on several occasions. He felt that Roosevelt and his advisors did not heed Secretary of the Navy,

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Flanders became president of the National Machine-Tool Builders Association in 1923. He served as

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United States Senate Historical Office: "The Censure Case of Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin (1954)"

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scholar, who read extensively in the literatures of science, engineering and the liberal arts.

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where he edited a machine tool magazine, but after five years decided to move back to Vermont.

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3,219.50 to Flanders's $ 18,698.45. This campaign taught Flanders that "I had to be myself."

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with which he disagrees, saying of Flanders, "He stood up and said no, this has got to end."

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co-operation of the Soviet government on an effective armament control," was most important.

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Flanders's first major experience in machine design came when he helped an entrepreneur in

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (March 6, 1970), "Ralph Edward Flanders 1880-1970",

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Crozier, Barney (September 29, 1979), "Vermont Senator's Speech Heralded McCarthy's End",

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Hill, Tom (December 3, 1989), "Vt.'s Senator Ralph Flanders took on McCarthy, and won",

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Business should operate efficiently to allow for expansion of production and employment.

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Flanders, Ralph E. (1930), "The new age and the new man", in Beard, Charles A. (ed.),

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Flanders, Ralph E. (February 1909b), "Recent developments in gear-cutting machinery",

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as a way to avoid Communist influence in Western Europe. However, he was critical of

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Duffy, John J.; Hand, Samuel B.; Orth, Ralph H., eds. (2003), "Flanders, Ralph E.",

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Flanders, Ralph E. (February 1909a), "Interchangeable Involute Gear Tooth Systems",

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to revitalize New England's capacity for sending and receiving goods by cargo ship.

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age, which made it possible for companies including General Electric to manufacture

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Congressional Record – Proceedings and Debates of the 83rd Congress, Second Session

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Republicans were split 22 to 22. For a further treatment of this episode, refer to

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Flanders was noted for introducing a 1954 motion in the Senate to censure Senator

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Flanders, Ralph E. (1932), "Limitations and possibilities of economic planning",

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Construction and Manufacture of Automobiles, Machinery's Reference Series. No. 60

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the construction and sale of a bookrack he designed. Flanders attended school in

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Starting in the 1930s, Flanders held positions on the board of directors of the

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Flanders, Ralph E. (1954), "Activities of Senator Mcarthy – The World Crisis",

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grounded in economic principles, as understood and debated during that era.

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Taming Our Machines; The Attainment of Human Values in a Mechanized Society

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Flanders, Ralph E. (January 1909c), "How many gashes should a hob have?",

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Flanders, Ralph E. (1909d), "Making solderless cans for food products",

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Courtesy of the Vermont State Archives, Office of the Secretary of State

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Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II

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Locomotive Building: The Construction of a Steam Engine for Railway Use

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costs in a system of flood-control dams as part of recovering from the

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Shannon, William V. (March 14, 1954), "An old-timer says a mouthful",

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cartoon depicting Flanders attempting to deputize a reluctant Senator

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Vermonters: Oral Histories from Down Country to the Northeast Kingdom

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Flanders was an early and strong critic of fellow Republican Senator

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Flanders was the author or coauthor of eight books, including his

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Flanders and his brother, Ernest, were instrumental in developing

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Dennison, Henry S.; Filene, L.; Flanders, R.; Leeds, M. (1938),

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James Hartness: A Representative of the Machine Age at Its Best

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Design manufacture and production control of a standard machine

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In 1944, he was elected to a two-year term as president of the

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Flanders, Ralph E. (1936a), "New pioneers on a new frontier",

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Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

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collector and author of several books on New England ballads.

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for two years before being elected U.S. Senator from Vermont.

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In 1940, Ralph Flanders ran an unsuccessful campaign for the

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Other reactions were not so favorable. People who wrote the

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American engineer, industrialist, and politician (1880–1970)

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Presidents of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers

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Times-Argus Article on the Flanders's Censure of McCarthy.

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Flanders' Folly—How about a vote of censure for Flanders?

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Senator Patrick Leahy Delivers 2008 Commencement Address

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Journal of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers

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until 1905, when he moved to New York City to work for

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A History of the Federal Reserve – Volume 1: 1913–1951

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Sunday Rutland Herald and Sunday Times Argus (Vermont)

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to the prospect of U.S. involvement in the expanding

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Republican Party United States senators from Vermont

3285:"Tech Professor Wins Medal for Aeronautics Research" 3188: 2798:

A.S.M.E. mechanical catalog and directory, Volume 11

2742:, Special Collections, University of Vermont Library 1976: 1974: 1845: 1594: 1592: 1345: 649:. During this period, the bank helped establish the 2476:. Rutland, VT. May 29, 1972. p. 4 – via 1038:

Joseph McCarthy – Censure and the Watkins Committee

311:

mathematician), and Ernest (co-inventor). Ca. 1955.

3264: 3246: 3226: 2996: 2921: 2910:Fortune (August 1945), "Flanders of New England", 2097: 2095: 902:and India, countries which instead sided with the 684:Ralph Flanders 1940 campaign publicity photograph. 3255:. Poughkeepsie, NY. November 1, 1946 – via 3054:, Rutland Herald and Barre-Montpelier Times Argus 1971: 1589: 933:in the effort to censure Senator Joseph McCarthy. 913: 5189: 3283: 3208:WGBH, Public Broadcasting Service (2004-06-30), 3141:, Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1777: 1775: 1648: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2092: 1010:article reported that on June 1, 1954 Flanders 323:, where his father farmed while supervising in 3341:Sunday Rutland Herald & Sunday Times-Argus 3228:"Republicans Nominate Flanders for US Senator" 2782:, Springfield, Vermont: Hurd's Offset Printing 2012:"Republicans Nominate Flanders for US Senator" 1993: 1991: 1989: 1104:Library and at the Special Collections of the 3951: 3820: 3524: 3117:"Ralph E. Flanders | Federal Reserve History" 1772: 1634: 1282: 1242: 1060:, the daughter of inventor and industrialist 508:far more quickly than they could previously. 2279: 1696:Saunders, Gregory E. (July–September 2004). 1243:Rothe, Anna; Ellis, Constance, eds. (1948). 3049: 2730:The Function of Management in American Life 2637:, vol. 46, New York: ASME Transactions 1997: 1986: 1362: 1246:Current Biography: Who's News and Why, 1948 840: 298: 60:November 1, 1946 – January 3, 1959 3958: 3944: 3827: 3813: 3531: 3517: 3134: 2801:, American Society of Mechanical Engineers 2414:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1970 1671: 586:and attempting to prevent a reoccurrence. 183:Summer Hill Cemetery, Springfield, Vermont 29: 5218:Federal Reserve Bank of Boston presidents 2994: 2887:"Leahy takes lead on Judiciary Committee" 2874:"In our opinion—Sen. Flanders of Vermont" 2737: 2727: 2707: 2697: 2592: 2582: 2572: 2562: 2552: 2542: 2402: 2380: 2369: 1792: 1523: 1488: 1463: 1452: 1441: 1430: 1419: 1231: 609: 538:international standards for screw threads 511: 428:in recognition of his technical writing. 3338: 3155: 3068:American Society of Mechanical Engineers 2952: 2777: 2767: 2757: 2747: 2687: 2662: 2652: 2642: 2632: 2611: 2602: 2490: 2436: 2424: 2391: 2358: 2346: 2312: 2273: 2262: 2250: 2238: 2208: 2196: 2184: 2161: 2149: 2137: 2125: 2113: 2101: 2086: 2074: 2062: 2050: 1980: 1965: 1942: 1919: 1866: 1854: 1839: 1827: 1815: 1803: 1767: 1756: 1744: 1721: 1695: 1683: 1659: 1622: 1610: 1598: 1559: 1547: 1535: 1511: 1499: 1474: 1407: 1395: 1383: 1320: 1308: 1296: 1075: 962: 917: 806: 679: 522:American Society of Mechanical Engineers 473: 435: 373:Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Company 302: 103:May 1, 1944 – February 28, 1946 3373: 3347: 3327:A collection of works by Ralph Flanders 3024:, Johnson State College, archived from 2975: 2909: 2823: 2523: 2447: 2445: 2329: 2290: 1878: 1702:Defense Standardization Program Journal 1358: 1356: 1354: 1084:to read Flanders's March 9, 1954 speech 776: 756:Senate record and committee assignments 390: 5190: 3123:, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 2018 2919: 1698:"Standardization – A Warfighter Story" 1219: 359:Apprenticeship and continued education 5238:People from Caledonia County, Vermont 3939: 3808: 3512: 3017: 2647:, New York: Longmans, Green & Co. 2501: 632:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 3207: 3171: 2999:The Encyclopedia of the McCarthy Era 2959:, CNN InsidePolitics, archived from 2942: 2806: 2794: 2451: 2442: 2324: 2301: 2222:"HR. 6127. Civil Rights Act of 1957" 1954: 1733: 1583: 1351: 876: 747:in Vermont. On November 1, Governor 377:International Correspondence Schools 3540:United States senators from Vermont 3405:U.S. senator (Class 1) from Vermont 3059: 2976:Johnson, Mark (November 27, 2016), 2893:, December 17, 2006, archived from 1932:Federal Reserve Bank of Boston 2018 1571: 1158:and Johnson State College, Senator 1148: 1098:Special Collections Research Center 864: 666:American Research & Development 13: 3332: 3157:"Sen. Flanders to Discuss Welfare" 786:On moral law in policy formulation 720:In August 1946, incumbent Senator 307:Flanders brothers, Ralph, Donald ( 290:spies and sympathizers inside the 14: 5274: 5208:20th-century American politicians 3296: 3098:Senate Historical Office (1995), 420:reference series on the subject. 5243:People from Springfield, Vermont 3667: 3312:United States Congress Biography 3303:Works by or about Ralph Flanders 3211:Who made America – George Doriot 3179:, August 2, 1954, archived from 2953:Jeffords, James (May 24, 2001), 2607:, New York: The Industrial Press 2517: 2506: 2241:, pp. 228, 303–306, 277–278 1051: 881:National policy relating to the 568:National Recovery Administration 564:National Industrial Recovery Act 3018:Leahy, Patrick (May 17, 2008), 2880:, p. 18, February 21, 1970 2826:Times-Argus (Randolph, Vermont) 2700:Mechanical Engineering Magazine 2597:, New York: J. Wiley & Sons 2531: 2495: 2484: 2460: 2430: 2418: 2407: 2396: 2385: 2374: 2363: 2352: 2340: 2318: 2306: 2295: 2267: 2256: 2244: 2232: 2214: 2202: 2190: 2178: 2167: 2155: 2143: 2131: 2119: 2107: 2080: 2068: 2056: 2044: 1959: 1948: 1936: 1925: 1913: 1884: 1872: 1860: 1833: 1821: 1809: 1797: 1786: 1761: 1750: 1738: 1727: 1689: 1677: 1665: 1653: 1642: 1616: 1604: 1577: 1565: 1553: 1541: 1529: 1517: 1505: 1493: 1468: 1457: 1446: 1435: 1424: 1413: 1401: 1389: 1377: 1181: 1113:Stevens Institute of Technology 668:(AR&D). This was the first 628:National Life Insurance Company 253:and politician who served as a 3865:William W. Paddock (1942–1944) 3837:Federal Reserve Bank of Boston 3491:Federal Reserve Bank of Boston 2956:Transcript: Jeffords statement 2928:, New York, NY: Random House, 2690:New pioneers on a new frontier 1896:Federal Reserve Bank of Boston 1366:Congressional Record: Appendix 1314: 1302: 1290: 1236: 1225: 1213: 914:The censure of Joseph McCarthy 620:Federal Reserve Bank of Boston 531: 485:screw thread grinding machines 431: 335:, and was an 1896 graduate of 91:Federal Reserve Bank of Boston 1: 3291:. April 16, 1942. p. 16. 3121:www.federalreservehistory.org 2336:Senate Historical Office 1995 1207: 381:Rhode Island School of Design 3850:Charles A. Morss (1917–1922) 3060:Roe, Joseph Wickham (1937), 2738:Flanders, Ralph E. (1949b), 2728:Flanders, Ralph E. (1949a), 2722:, New York: McGraw-Hill Book 2708:Flanders, Ralph E. (1936b), 2593:Flanders, Ralph E. (1909f), 2276:, pp. 267, 255–257, 262 984:Originally published in the 951:Barre Montpelier Times Argus 7: 5233:People from Barnet, Vermont 3889:Frank E. Morris (1968–1988) 3886:George H. Ellis (1961–1968) 3847:Alfred L. Aiken (1914–1917) 3357:University of Chicago Press 3266:"Gibson Leads State Ticket" 2995:Klingaman, William (1996), 2858:10.1126/science.95.2468.403 2834:"Scientific Notes and News" 2778:Flanders, Ralph E. (1963), 2768:Flanders, Ralph E. (1961), 2758:Flanders, Ralph E. (1956), 2688:Flanders, Ralph E. (1935), 2657:, New York: R.R. Smith, Inc 2653:Flanders, Ralph E. (1931), 2633:Flanders, Ralph E. (1925), 2612:Flanders, Ralph E. (1911). 2603:Flanders, Ralph E. (1910), 2536: 2039:"Gibson Leads State Ticket" 1363:U.S. Senate (May 8, 1958). 1194: 1169:Donald Trump Administration 771:Committee on Armed Services 675: 604:International Monetary Fund 426:Worcester Reed Warner Medal 416:and automobiles, including 10: 5279: 2914:, vol. 32, no. 2 2673:10.1177/000271623216200106 2513:Burlington Free Press 2006 2174:Burlington Free Press 1970 1064:. They made their home in 1056:In 1911, Flanders married 982:side of the censure issue. 577:In 1937, Vermont Governor 555:'s Secretary of Commerce, 5154: 4983: 4812: 4641: 4583:Frederick S. Blackall Jr. 4470: 4299: 4128: 3973: 3926: 3843: 3676: 3665: 3546: 3497: 3487: 3481: 3476: 3466: 3448:U.S. Senator from Vermont 3441: 3433: 3428: 3418: 3402: 3394: 3387: 2788: 1346:Vermont Encyclopedia 2003 1071: 986:New York Journal American 968:I don't like your methods 798:Flanders referred to the 624:Boston and Maine Railroad 412:, and the manufacture of 342: 337:Central Falls High School 236: 226: 215: 207: 197: 187: 179: 162: 138: 133: 129: 117: 107: 96: 88: 76: 64: 53: 41: 37: 28: 21: 5263:American anti-communists 3429:Party political offices 3191:The Vermont Encyclopedia 3164:The Tech (MIT Newspaper) 3135:Strickland, Ron (1998), 2618:. The Industrial Press. 2315:, pp. 260, 261, 267 1410:, pp. 37, 47, 64–65 1174: 1108:'s Bailey-Howe Library. 871:Civil Rights Act of 1957 841:On Franklin D. Roosevelt 763:Joint Economic Committee 440:Ralph Flanders ca. 1916. 299:Early life and education 5223:General Electric people 3052:Vermont Sunday Magazine 2920:Herman, Arthur (2012), 2844:(2468): 403–406, 1942, 2772:, Boston: Little, Brown 2187:, pp. 201–204, 182 1998:Porter & Terry 1990 1136:Helen Hartness Flanders 923:High Noon in Washington 4233:Alexander C. Humphreys 3875:Laurence F. Whittemore 3501:Laurence F. Whittemore 3166:: 4, November 15, 1949 2762:, Boston: Beacon Press 2760:Letter to a generation 2720:Toward full employment 1085: 1043:A 1990 article in the 1020: 989: 961: 934: 790:Flanders had a strict 745:tantamount to election 687: 610:Banking and investment 584:massive floods of 1927 512:Professional societies 480: 441: 406:gear cutting machinery 312: 124:Laurence F. Whittemore 5228:Machine tool builders 4460:Alexander G. Christie 3854:William P. G. Harding 3272:Burlington Free Press 3234:Burlington Free Press 3173:"The Dispensable Man" 2891:Burlington Free Press 2878:Burlington Free Press 2810:Hoover Medal awardees 1649:The Boston Globe 1942 1550:, pp. 75, 78, 81 1129:University of Vermont 1106:University of Vermont 1079: 1012: 1004:Burlington Daily News 966: 956: 921: 811:In testifying on the 807:On labor and business 698:primary opponent was 683: 664:and others organized 651:Boston Port Authority 553:Franklin D. Roosevelt 477: 446:Nashua, New Hampshire 439: 321:Lincoln, Rhode Island 315:Flanders was born in 306: 243:Ralph Edward Flanders 143:Ralph Edward Flanders 89:6th President of the 43:United States Senator 5258:Writers from Vermont 4949:Richard J. Goldstein 4762:Richard B. Robertson 4666:Clifford H. Shumaker 4006:Josephus F. Holloway 3359:. pp. 685–694. 3253:Poughkeepsie Journal 2963:on February 19, 2008 2780:A Search for Meaning 2770:Senator from Vermont 2710:Platform for America 1782:Dennison et al. 1938 1201:Margaret Chase Smith 1094:Senator from Vermont 1066:Springfield, Vermont 1058:Helen Edith Hartness 943:President Eisenhower 777:Political philosophy 692:United States Senate 643:Federal Reserve Bank 391:Technical journalism 273:Federal Reserve Bank 173:Springfield, Vermont 5253:Vermont Republicans 5175:(140th) (2021–2022) 5167:(139th) (2020–2021) 4965:Winfred M. Phillips 4770:Charles L. Tutt III 4706:Louis N. Rowley Jr. 4559:James D. Cunningham 4217:George Westinghouse 4193:Frederick R. Hutton 4185:Frederick W. Taylor 4102:Worcester R. Warner 4086:Charles E. Billings 2850:1942Sci....95..403. 2645:Toward Civilization 2128:, pp. 311, 130 2077:, pp. 248, 250 1922:, pp. 186, 209 1102:Syracuse University 974:cartoon, subtitled 931:William F. Knowland 847:President Roosevelt 749:Mortimer R. Proctor 724:resigned to accept 572:President Roosevelt 469:Fay automatic lathe 454:Lynn, Massachusetts 247:mechanical engineer 5213:Burials in Vermont 5173:Mahantesh Hiremath 5016:Reginald I. Vachon 5000:William A. Weiblen 4575:Reginald J. Pigott 4332:John L. Harrington 4289:Mortimer E. Cooley 4241:William F. M. Goss 4118:George W. Melville 4078:Edward F. C. Davis 4014:Coleman Sellers II 3990:Erasmus D. Leavitt 3982:Robert H. Thurston 3911:Kenneth Montgomery 3881:Joseph A. Erickson 3835:Presidents of the 3411:Served alongside: 2427:, pp. 139–140 2349:, pp. 104–121 2140:, pp. 222–223 1968:, pp. 188–189 1881:, pp. 135–272 1869:, pp. 189–192 1830:, pp. 175–178 1818:, pp. 179–180 1806:, pp. 121–126 1724:, pp. 111–112 1662:, pp. 116–117 1502:, pp. 100–103 1125:Middlebury College 1121:Harvard University 1086: 990: 978:that showed a pro- 935: 896:John Foster Dulles 845:Flanders met with 741:Sterry R. Waterman 731:'s appointment as 688: 636:Norwich University 493:Franklin Institute 489:optical comparator 481: 442: 402:gear tooth systems 313: 292:federal government 232:Business executive 153:September 28, 1880 5183: 5182: 5112:Julio C. Guerrero 5080:Victoria Rockwell 5072:Robert T. Simmons 5032:Richard E. Feigel 4973:Robert E. Nickell 4925:John H. Fernandes 4901:Arthur E. Bergles 4877:Richard Rosenberg 4861:Leroy S. Fletcher 4829:Robert B. Gaither 4754:Daniel C. Drucker 4746:Richard G. Folsom 4722:Donald E. Marlowe 4535:Eugene W. O'Brien 4487:William A. Hanley 4479:Warren H. McBryde 4428:Ralph E. Flanders 4364:Charles M. Schwab 4356:William L. Abbott 4348:William F. Durand 4324:Dexter S. Kimball 4145:Samuel T. Wellman 4137:Charles H. Morgan 4062:Charles H. Loring 4022:George H. Babcock 3933: 3932: 3905:Eric S. Rosengren 3802: 3801: 3507: 3506: 3498:Succeeded by 3489:President of the 3470:Winston L. Prouty 3467:Succeeded by 3422:Winston L. Prouty 3419:Succeeded by 3409:1946–1959 3349:Meltzer, Allan H. 3028:on August 4, 2008 3003:, Facts on File, 2947:, pp. E1, E4 2935:978-1-4000-6964-4 2625:978-1-935327-55-4 1636:Current Biography 1323:, pp. 82–103 1284:Current Biography 1127:(D. Sc.) and the 1117:Dartmouth College 1016:Dennis the Menace 877:Cold War policies 859:Tehran Conference 792:Congregationalist 767:Finance Committee 309:Manhattan Project 240: 239: 166:February 19, 1970 83:Winston L. Prouty 5270: 5176: 5168: 5147: 5144:Richard Laudenat 5139: 5131: 5123: 5115: 5107: 5099: 5091: 5083: 5075: 5067: 5059: 5056:Thomas M. Barlow 5051: 5043: 5035: 5027: 5019: 5011: 5003: 4995: 4976: 4968: 4960: 4952: 4944: 4941:Daniel T. Koenig 4936: 4928: 4920: 4917:Joseph A. Falcon 4912: 4904: 4896: 4893:Charles O. Velzy 4888: 4880: 4872: 4869:Nancy D. Fitzroy 4864: 4856: 4848: 4840: 4832: 4824: 4821:Charles E. Jones 4805: 4797: 4789: 4786:Stothe P. Kezios 4781: 4773: 4765: 4757: 4749: 4741: 4733: 4725: 4717: 4714:George F. Habach 4709: 4701: 4693: 4685: 4682:Elmer O. Bergman 4677: 4669: 4661: 4658:William H. Bryne 4653: 4650:Walker L. Cisler 4634: 4626: 4618: 4610: 4607:Joseph W. Barker 4602: 4594: 4591:Lewis K. Sillcox 4586: 4578: 4570: 4562: 4554: 4546: 4538: 4530: 4527:David R. Yarnall 4522: 4514: 4506: 4498: 4490: 4482: 4463: 4455: 4447: 4439: 4431: 4423: 4415: 4407: 4399: 4391: 4383: 4375: 4367: 4359: 4351: 4343: 4335: 4327: 4319: 4311: 4292: 4284: 4276: 4268: 4265:David S. Jacobus 4260: 4252: 4244: 4236: 4228: 4220: 4212: 4204: 4201:Minard L. Holman 4196: 4188: 4180: 4172: 4164: 4156: 4148: 4140: 4121: 4113: 4105: 4097: 4089: 4081: 4073: 4065: 4057: 4049: 4041: 4033: 4025: 4017: 4009: 4001: 3993: 3985: 3960: 3953: 3946: 3937: 3936: 3893:Richard F. Syron 3829: 3822: 3815: 3806: 3805: 3671: 3533: 3526: 3519: 3510: 3509: 3482:Preceded by 3434:Preceded by 3398:Warren R. Austin 3395:Preceded by 3385: 3384: 3381: 3370: 3344: 3307:Internet Archive 3292: 3289:The Boston Globe 3280: 3268: 3260: 3250: 3242: 3230: 3221: 3220: 3219: 3203: 3184: 3183:on July 14, 2007 3167: 3161: 3151: 3130: 3129: 3128: 3111: 3110: 3109: 3087: 3055: 3045: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3013: 3002: 2990: 2989: 2988: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2948: 2938: 2927: 2915: 2912:Fortune Magazine 2905: 2904: 2902: 2897:on March 4, 2007 2881: 2868: 2828: 2820: 2819: 2818: 2802: 2783: 2773: 2763: 2753: 2743: 2733: 2723: 2713: 2703: 2693: 2683: 2658: 2648: 2638: 2629: 2608: 2598: 2588: 2578: 2568: 2558: 2548: 2526: 2521: 2515: 2510: 2504: 2499: 2493: 2488: 2482: 2481: 2464: 2458: 2449: 2440: 2434: 2428: 2422: 2416: 2411: 2405: 2400: 2394: 2389: 2383: 2378: 2372: 2367: 2361: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2338: 2333: 2327: 2322: 2316: 2310: 2304: 2299: 2293: 2288: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2218: 2212: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2176: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2072: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2048: 2042: 2036: 2030: 2024: 2015: 2009: 2000: 1995: 1984: 1978: 1969: 1963: 1957: 1952: 1946: 1940: 1934: 1929: 1923: 1917: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1907: 1898:. Archived from 1888: 1882: 1876: 1870: 1864: 1858: 1852: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1801: 1795: 1790: 1784: 1779: 1770: 1765: 1759: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1731: 1725: 1719: 1710: 1709: 1693: 1687: 1681: 1675: 1674:, pp. 47–48 1669: 1663: 1657: 1651: 1646: 1640: 1632: 1626: 1625:, pp. 28–37 1620: 1614: 1608: 1602: 1596: 1587: 1581: 1575: 1574:, p. 42,111 1569: 1563: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1514:, pp. R1–77 1509: 1503: 1497: 1491: 1486: 1477: 1472: 1466: 1461: 1455: 1450: 1444: 1439: 1433: 1428: 1422: 1417: 1411: 1405: 1399: 1393: 1387: 1381: 1375: 1374: 1360: 1349: 1343: 1324: 1318: 1312: 1311:, pp. 52–53 1306: 1300: 1294: 1288: 1280: 1255: 1254: 1240: 1234: 1229: 1223: 1217: 1188: 1185: 1149:Vermont politics 865:On social policy 592:Second World War 545:Great Depression 500:at the start of 450:General Electric 169: 152: 150: 134:Personal details 120: 110: 101: 79: 67: 58: 33: 19: 18: 5278: 5277: 5273: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5188: 5187: 5184: 5179: 5171: 5163: 5157: 5150: 5142: 5134: 5126: 5118: 5110: 5102: 5094: 5086: 5078: 5070: 5062: 5054: 5046: 5038: 5030: 5022: 5014: 5006: 4998: 4990: 4979: 4971: 4963: 4957:Keith B. Thayer 4955: 4947: 4939: 4931: 4923: 4915: 4907: 4899: 4891: 4885:Ernest L. Daman 4883: 4875: 4867: 4859: 4851: 4843: 4835: 4827: 4819: 4808: 4802:Donald N. Zwiep 4800: 4792: 4784: 4778:Earle C. Miller 4776: 4768: 4760: 4752: 4744: 4736: 4730:Allen F. Rhodes 4728: 4720: 4712: 4704: 4698:James H. Harlow 4696: 4690:Henry N. Muller 4688: 4680: 4674:Ronald B. Smith 4672: 4664: 4656: 4648: 4637: 4631:Glenn B. Warren 4629: 4623:James N. Landis 4621: 4615:William F. Ryan 4613: 4605: 4599:David W. Morgan 4597: 4589: 4581: 4573: 4567:J. Calvin Brown 4565: 4557: 4549: 4543:Ervin G. Bailey 4541: 4533: 4525: 4517: 4511:Robert M. Gates 4509: 4501: 4495:James W. Parker 4493: 4485: 4477: 4466: 4458: 4452:Harvey N. Davis 4450: 4444:James H. Herron 4442: 4436:William L. Batt 4434: 4426: 4418: 4410: 4404:Conrad N. Lauer 4402: 4394: 4386: 4380:Elmer A. Sperry 4378: 4370: 4362: 4354: 4346: 4338: 4330: 4322: 4316:Edwin S. Carman 4314: 4306: 4295: 4287: 4281:Charles T. Main 4279: 4271: 4263: 4255: 4247: 4239: 4231: 4225:Edward D. Meier 4223: 4215: 4207: 4199: 4191: 4183: 4177:John R. Freeman 4175: 4167: 4159: 4151: 4143: 4135: 4124: 4116: 4110:Charles W. Hunt 4108: 4100: 4092: 4084: 4076: 4068: 4060: 4052: 4044: 4036: 4028: 4020: 4012: 4004: 3996: 3988: 3980: 3969: 3964: 3934: 3929: 3922: 3839: 3833: 3803: 3798: 3672: 3663: 3542: 3537: 3503: 3494: 3485: 3484:William Paddock 3472: 3457: 3450: 3439: 3424: 3410: 3408: 3400: 3367: 3343:, pp. 8–11 3335: 3333:Further reading 3299: 3217: 3215: 3201: 3159: 3149: 3126: 3124: 3115: 3107: 3105: 3031: 3029: 3011: 2986: 2984: 2966: 2964: 2936: 2900: 2898: 2832: 2816: 2814: 2791: 2626: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2522: 2518: 2511: 2507: 2500: 2496: 2489: 2485: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2450: 2443: 2435: 2431: 2423: 2419: 2412: 2408: 2401: 2397: 2390: 2386: 2379: 2375: 2368: 2364: 2357: 2353: 2345: 2341: 2334: 2330: 2323: 2319: 2311: 2307: 2300: 2296: 2289: 2280: 2272: 2268: 2261: 2257: 2249: 2245: 2237: 2233: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2207: 2203: 2195: 2191: 2183: 2179: 2172: 2168: 2160: 2156: 2148: 2144: 2136: 2132: 2124: 2120: 2112: 2108: 2100: 2093: 2085: 2081: 2073: 2069: 2061: 2057: 2049: 2045: 2037: 2033: 2025: 2018: 2010: 2003: 1996: 1987: 1979: 1972: 1964: 1960: 1953: 1949: 1941: 1937: 1930: 1926: 1918: 1914: 1905: 1903: 1889: 1885: 1877: 1873: 1865: 1861: 1853: 1846: 1838: 1834: 1826: 1822: 1814: 1810: 1802: 1798: 1791: 1787: 1780: 1773: 1766: 1762: 1755: 1751: 1743: 1739: 1732: 1728: 1720: 1713: 1694: 1690: 1682: 1678: 1672:Strickland 1998 1670: 1666: 1658: 1654: 1647: 1643: 1633: 1629: 1621: 1617: 1609: 1605: 1597: 1590: 1582: 1578: 1570: 1566: 1558: 1554: 1546: 1542: 1534: 1530: 1522: 1518: 1510: 1506: 1498: 1494: 1487: 1480: 1473: 1469: 1462: 1458: 1451: 1447: 1440: 1436: 1429: 1425: 1418: 1414: 1406: 1402: 1394: 1390: 1382: 1378: 1361: 1352: 1344: 1327: 1319: 1315: 1307: 1303: 1295: 1291: 1281: 1258: 1241: 1237: 1230: 1226: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1197: 1192: 1191: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1151: 1119:(M.S., LL.D.), 1074: 1054: 1002:, owner of the 983: 970: 939:Joseph McCarthy 925: 916: 879: 867: 843: 809: 788: 779: 758: 729:Harry S. Truman 685: 678: 670:venture capital 612: 534: 514: 434: 393: 361: 345: 317:Barnet, Vermont 301: 280:Joseph McCarthy 231: 222:(father-in-law) 188:Political party 171: 167: 156:Barnet, Vermont 154: 148: 146: 145: 144: 118: 113:William Paddock 108: 102: 97: 77: 65: 59: 54: 45: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5276: 5266: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5177: 5169: 5165:Bryan A. Erler 5160: 5158: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5148: 5140: 5132: 5128:Charla K. Wise 5124: 5116: 5108: 5104:J. Robert Sims 5100: 5092: 5088:Marc Goldsmith 5084: 5076: 5068: 5060: 5052: 5044: 5040:Terry E. Shoup 5036: 5028: 5020: 5012: 5008:Susan H. Skemp 5004: 4996: 4992:John R. Parker 4987: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4977: 4969: 4961: 4953: 4945: 4937: 4933:Paul J. Torpey 4929: 4921: 4913: 4909:Nathan H. Hurt 4905: 4897: 4889: 4881: 4873: 4865: 4857: 4853:George Kotnick 4849: 4845:Frank M. Scott 4841: 4833: 4825: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4806: 4798: 4794:Orval L. Lewis 4790: 4782: 4774: 4766: 4758: 4750: 4742: 4738:Kenneth A. Roe 4734: 4726: 4718: 4710: 4702: 4694: 4686: 4678: 4670: 4662: 4654: 4645: 4643: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4635: 4627: 4619: 4611: 4603: 4595: 4587: 4579: 4571: 4563: 4555: 4547: 4539: 4531: 4523: 4519:Alex D. Bailey 4515: 4507: 4503:Harold V. Coes 4499: 4491: 4483: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4464: 4456: 4448: 4440: 4432: 4424: 4416: 4408: 4400: 4392: 4384: 4376: 4368: 4360: 4352: 4344: 4336: 4328: 4320: 4312: 4308:Fred J. Miller 4303: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4285: 4277: 4269: 4261: 4253: 4249:James Hartness 4245: 4237: 4229: 4221: 4213: 4209:Jesse M. Smith 4205: 4197: 4189: 4181: 4173: 4169:Ambrose Swasey 4165: 4161:James M. Dodge 4157: 4153:Edwin Reynolds 4149: 4141: 4132: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4122: 4114: 4106: 4098: 4090: 4082: 4074: 4070:Eckley B. Coxe 4066: 4058: 4054:Robert W. Hunt 4050: 4042: 4038:Henry R. Towne 4034: 4026: 4018: 4010: 4002: 3994: 3986: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3963: 3962: 3955: 3948: 3940: 3931: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3921: 3920: 3919:(2022–present) 3914: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3869:Ralph Flanders 3866: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3848: 3844: 3841: 3840: 3832: 3831: 3824: 3817: 3809: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3673: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3543: 3536: 3535: 3528: 3521: 3513: 3505: 3504: 3499: 3496: 3486: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3477:Other offices 3474: 3473: 3468: 3465: 3440: 3435: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3425: 3420: 3417: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3383: 3382: 3371: 3366:978-0226520001 3365: 3345: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3298: 3297:External links 3295: 3294: 3293: 3281: 3277:Newspapers.com 3261: 3257:Newspapers.com 3243: 3239:Newspapers.com 3223: 3205: 3199: 3186: 3169: 3153: 3147: 3132: 3113: 3094: 3093: 3057: 3047: 3038: 3015: 3009: 2992: 2973: 2950: 2940: 2934: 2917: 2907: 2883: 2870: 2830: 2821: 2804: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2785: 2775: 2765: 2755: 2745: 2735: 2725: 2715: 2705: 2695: 2685: 2660: 2650: 2640: 2630: 2624: 2609: 2600: 2590: 2580: 2570: 2560: 2550: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2527: 2516: 2505: 2494: 2483: 2478:Newspapers.com 2473:Rutland Herald 2459: 2454:, pp. E1– 2441: 2429: 2417: 2406: 2403:Flanders 1949b 2395: 2384: 2381:Flanders 1949a 2373: 2370:Flanders 1936b 2362: 2351: 2339: 2328: 2317: 2305: 2294: 2278: 2266: 2255: 2243: 2231: 2213: 2201: 2189: 2177: 2166: 2154: 2142: 2130: 2118: 2106: 2091: 2079: 2067: 2055: 2043: 2031: 2016: 2001: 1985: 1970: 1958: 1947: 1935: 1924: 1912: 1883: 1871: 1859: 1844: 1832: 1820: 1808: 1796: 1793:Flanders 1936a 1785: 1771: 1760: 1749: 1737: 1726: 1711: 1688: 1676: 1664: 1652: 1641: 1639:, p. 213. 1627: 1615: 1603: 1588: 1576: 1564: 1552: 1540: 1528: 1524:Flanders 1936a 1516: 1504: 1492: 1489:Flanders 1909f 1478: 1467: 1464:Flanders 1909e 1456: 1453:Flanders 1909d 1445: 1442:Flanders 1909c 1434: 1431:Flanders 1909b 1423: 1420:Flanders 1909a 1412: 1400: 1388: 1376: 1350: 1325: 1313: 1301: 1289: 1287:, p. 212. 1256: 1235: 1232:Klingaman 1996 1224: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1204: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1150: 1147: 1073: 1070: 1062:James Hartness 1053: 1050: 1045:Rutland Herald 995:Rutland Herald 915: 912: 878: 875: 866: 863: 842: 839: 830: 829: 826: 823: 820: 813:Employment Act 808: 805: 787: 784: 778: 775: 757: 754: 737:United Nations 726:U.S. President 714:Rutland Herald 705:Rutland Herald 677: 674: 658:Georges Doriot 611: 608: 533: 530: 513: 510: 498:turbine blades 465:James Hartness 433: 430: 392: 389: 360: 357: 344: 341: 300: 297: 238: 237: 234: 233: 228: 224: 223: 220:James Hartness 217: 213: 212: 209: 205: 204: 202:Helen Hartness 199: 195: 194: 189: 185: 184: 181: 177: 176: 170:(aged 89) 164: 160: 159: 142: 140: 136: 135: 131: 130: 127: 126: 121: 115: 114: 111: 105: 104: 94: 93: 86: 85: 80: 74: 73: 68: 62: 61: 51: 50: 39: 38: 35: 34: 26: 25: 23:Ralph Flanders 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5275: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5186: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5153: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5136:Said Jahanmir 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5048:Sam Y. Zamrik 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4982: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4811: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4551:James M. Todd 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4396:Roy V. Wright 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4298: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4273:Ira N. Hollis 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4257:John Brashear 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4046:Oberlin Smith 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3998:John E. Sweet 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3961: 3956: 3954: 3949: 3947: 3942: 3941: 3938: 3925: 3918: 3917:Susan Collins 3915: 3913:* (2021–2022) 3912: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3899:Cathy Minehan 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3842: 3838: 3830: 3825: 3823: 3818: 3816: 3811: 3810: 3807: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3675: 3670: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3534: 3529: 3527: 3522: 3520: 3515: 3514: 3511: 3502: 3493: 3492: 3480: 3475: 3471: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3438: 3437:Warren Austin 3432: 3427: 3423: 3416: 3415: 3407: 3406: 3399: 3393: 3390: 3386: 3380:, pp. 2M 3379: 3378: 3377:New York Post 3372: 3368: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3336: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3301: 3300: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3267: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3229: 3224: 3213: 3212: 3206: 3202: 3200:1-58465-086-9 3196: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3178: 3177:Time Magazine 3174: 3170: 3165: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3148:9780874518672 3144: 3140: 3139: 3133: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3103: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3064: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3027: 3023: 3022: 3016: 3012: 3010:0-8160-3097-9 3006: 3001: 3000: 2993: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2962: 2958: 2957: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2931: 2926: 2925: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2812: 2811: 2807:ASME (1944), 2805: 2800: 2799: 2795:ASME (1921), 2793: 2792: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2540: 2525: 2520: 2514: 2509: 2503: 2498: 2492: 2491:Jeffords 2001 2487: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2446: 2439:, p. 140 2438: 2437:Flanders 1961 2433: 2426: 2425:Flanders 1961 2421: 2415: 2410: 2404: 2399: 2393: 2392:Flanders 1956 2388: 2382: 2377: 2371: 2366: 2360: 2359:Flanders 1961 2355: 2348: 2347:Flanders 1961 2343: 2337: 2332: 2326: 2321: 2314: 2313:Flanders 1961 2309: 2303: 2298: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2275: 2274:Flanders 1961 2270: 2264: 2263:Flanders 1954 2259: 2253:, p. 237 2252: 2251:Flanders 1961 2247: 2240: 2239:Flanders 1961 2235: 2227: 2223: 2217: 2211:, p. 309 2210: 2209:Flanders 1961 2205: 2199:, p. 221 2198: 2197:Flanders 1961 2193: 2186: 2185:Flanders 1961 2181: 2175: 2170: 2164:, p. 310 2163: 2162:Flanders 1961 2158: 2152:, p. 194 2151: 2150:Flanders 1961 2146: 2139: 2138:Flanders 1961 2134: 2127: 2126:Flanders 1961 2122: 2115: 2114:Flanders 1963 2110: 2103: 2102:Flanders 1963 2098: 2096: 2089:, p. 264 2088: 2087:Flanders 1961 2083: 2076: 2075:Flanders 1961 2071: 2065:, p. 290 2064: 2063:Flanders 1961 2059: 2053:, p. 209 2052: 2051:Flanders 1961 2047: 2040: 2035: 2028: 2023: 2021: 2013: 2008: 2006: 1999: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1983:, p. 185 1982: 1981:Flanders 1961 1977: 1975: 1967: 1966:Flanders 1961 1962: 1956: 1951: 1945:, p. 187 1944: 1943:Flanders 1961 1939: 1933: 1928: 1921: 1920:Flanders 1961 1916: 1902:on 2013-10-05 1901: 1897: 1893: 1887: 1880: 1875: 1868: 1867:Flanders 1961 1863: 1857:, p. 186 1856: 1855:Flanders 1961 1851: 1849: 1842:, p. 170 1841: 1840:Flanders 1961 1836: 1829: 1828:Flanders 1961 1824: 1817: 1816:Flanders 1961 1812: 1805: 1804:Flanders 1932 1800: 1794: 1789: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1769: 1768:Flanders 1931 1764: 1758: 1757:Flanders 1930 1753: 1747:, p. 147 1746: 1745:Flanders 1961 1741: 1735: 1730: 1723: 1722:Flanders 1961 1718: 1716: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1692: 1686:, p. 118 1685: 1684:Flanders 1961 1680: 1673: 1668: 1661: 1660:Flanders 1961 1656: 1650: 1645: 1638: 1637: 1631: 1624: 1623:Flanders 1925 1619: 1612: 1611:The Tech 1949 1607: 1601:, p. 117 1600: 1599:Flanders 1961 1595: 1593: 1586:, p. 452 1585: 1580: 1573: 1568: 1562:, p. 103 1561: 1560:Flanders 1961 1556: 1549: 1548:Flanders 1961 1544: 1538:, p. 139 1537: 1536:Flanders 1961 1532: 1525: 1520: 1513: 1512:Flanders 1935 1508: 1501: 1500:Flanders 1961 1496: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1476: 1475:Flanders 1910 1471: 1465: 1460: 1454: 1449: 1443: 1438: 1432: 1427: 1421: 1416: 1409: 1408:Flanders 1961 1404: 1397: 1396:Flanders 1961 1392: 1385: 1384:Flanders 1961 1380: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1348:, p. 127 1347: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1322: 1321:Flanders 1961 1317: 1310: 1309:Flanders 1961 1305: 1298: 1297:Flanders 1961 1293: 1286: 1285: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1252: 1248: 1247: 1239: 1233: 1228: 1222:, p. 147 1221: 1216: 1212: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1184: 1180: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1163:Congressman, 1161: 1160:Patrick Leahy 1156: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1090:autobiography 1083: 1078: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1052:Personal life 1049: 1046: 1041: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1025: 1019: 1017: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 996: 987: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 960: 955: 953: 952: 946: 944: 940: 932: 928: 924: 920: 911: 907: 905: 901: 897: 893: 892:Marshall Plan 888: 884: 874: 872: 862: 860: 856: 852: 848: 838: 834: 827: 824: 821: 818: 817: 816: 814: 804: 801: 800:Marshall Plan 796: 793: 783: 774: 772: 768: 764: 753: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 727: 723: 722:Warren Austin 718: 715: 711: 707: 706: 701: 697: 693: 682: 673: 671: 667: 663: 659: 654: 652: 648: 644: 639: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 607: 605: 601: 595: 593: 587: 585: 580: 575: 573: 569: 565: 562:In 1933, the 560: 558: 554: 549: 546: 541: 539: 529: 527: 523: 519: 509: 507: 503: 499: 494: 490: 486: 476: 472: 470: 466: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 438: 429: 427: 421: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 398: 388: 386: 382: 378: 374: 369: 367: 366:John Sparkman 356: 352: 350: 349:New York City 340: 338: 334: 333:Central Falls 330: 326: 322: 318: 310: 305: 296: 293: 289: 285: 281: 276: 274: 271: 267: 263: 259: 256: 252: 251:industrialist 248: 244: 235: 229: 225: 221: 218: 214: 210: 206: 203: 200: 196: 193: 190: 186: 182: 180:Resting place 178: 174: 165: 161: 157: 141: 137: 132: 128: 125: 122: 116: 112: 106: 100: 95: 92: 87: 84: 81: 75: 72: 71:Warren Austin 69: 63: 57: 52: 49: 44: 40: 36: 32: 27: 20: 5185: 5156:2020–present 5120:K. Keith Roe 5064:Amos E. Holt 4837:Serge Gratch 4427: 4412:A. A. Potter 4388:Charles Piez 3868: 3860:Roy A. Young 3638: 3488: 3446:nominee for 3442: 3414:George Aiken 3412: 3403: 3375: 3352: 3340: 3288: 3270: 3252: 3232: 3216:, retrieved 3210: 3190: 3181:the original 3176: 3163: 3137: 3125:, retrieved 3120: 3106:, retrieved 3104:, Senate.gov 3100: 3066:, New York: 3062: 3051: 3042: 3030:, retrieved 3026:the original 3020: 2998: 2985:, retrieved 2981: 2965:, retrieved 2961:the original 2955: 2944: 2923: 2911: 2899:, retrieved 2895:the original 2890: 2877: 2841: 2837: 2825: 2815:, retrieved 2809: 2797: 2779: 2769: 2759: 2749: 2739: 2729: 2719: 2709: 2699: 2689: 2664: 2654: 2644: 2634: 2614: 2604: 2594: 2584: 2574: 2564: 2554: 2544: 2532:Bibliography 2524:Johnson 2016 2519: 2508: 2497: 2486: 2471: 2462: 2432: 2420: 2409: 2398: 2387: 2376: 2365: 2354: 2342: 2331: 2320: 2308: 2297: 2291:Crozier 1979 2269: 2258: 2246: 2234: 2225: 2216: 2204: 2192: 2180: 2169: 2157: 2145: 2133: 2121: 2116:, p. 24 2109: 2082: 2070: 2058: 2046: 2041:, p. 1. 2034: 2029:, p. 2. 2014:, p. 1. 1961: 1950: 1938: 1927: 1915: 1904:. Retrieved 1900:the original 1895: 1886: 1879:Fortune 1945 1874: 1862: 1835: 1823: 1811: 1799: 1788: 1763: 1752: 1740: 1729: 1706:Google Books 1701: 1691: 1679: 1667: 1655: 1644: 1635: 1630: 1618: 1606: 1579: 1567: 1555: 1543: 1531: 1519: 1507: 1495: 1470: 1459: 1448: 1437: 1426: 1415: 1403: 1398:, p. 66 1391: 1386:, p. 64 1379: 1371:Google Books 1365: 1316: 1304: 1299:, p. 39 1292: 1283: 1251:Google Books 1245: 1238: 1227: 1215: 1183: 1155:Jim Jeffords 1152: 1144: 1133: 1110: 1093: 1087: 1055: 1044: 1042: 1032: 1021: 1013: 1007: 1003: 1000:William Loeb 993: 991: 985: 975: 967: 957: 949: 947: 936: 922: 908: 904:Soviet Union 880: 868: 844: 835: 831: 810: 797: 789: 780: 759: 719: 713: 703: 700:George Aiken 689: 662:Karl Compton 660:, Flanders, 655: 640: 616:Shawmut Bank 613: 596: 588: 579:George Aiken 576: 566:created the 561: 557:Daniel Roper 550: 542: 535: 526:Hoover Medal 515: 502:jet aircraft 482: 462: 457: 443: 422: 417: 400:articles on 396: 394: 370: 362: 353: 346: 314: 277: 258:U.S. Senator 242: 241: 168:(1970-02-19) 119:Succeeded by 98: 78:Succeeded by 55: 5203:1970 deaths 5198:1880 births 5146:(2019–2020) 5138:(2018–2019) 5130:(2017–2018) 5122:(2016–2017) 5114:(2015–2016) 5106:(2014–2015) 5098:(2013–2014) 5096:Madiha Kotb 5090:(2012–2013) 5082:(2011–2012) 5074:(2010–2011) 5066:(2009–2010) 5058:(2008–2009) 5050:(2007–2008) 5042:(2006–2007) 5034:(2005–2006) 5026:(2004–2005) 5024:Harry Armen 5018:(2003–2004) 5010:(2002–2003) 5002:(2001–2002) 4994:(2000–2001) 4975:(1999–2000) 4967:(1998–1999) 4959:(1997–1998) 4951:(1996–1997) 4943:(1995–1996) 4935:(1994–1995) 4927:(1993–1994) 4919:(1992–1993) 4911:(1991–1992) 4903:(1990–1991) 4895:(1989–1990) 4887:(1988–1989) 4879:(1987–1988) 4871:(1986–1987) 4863:(1985–1986) 4855:(1984–1985) 4847:(1983–1984) 4839:(1982–1983) 4831:(1981–1982) 4823:(1980–1981) 4804:(1979–1980) 4796:(1978–1979) 4788:(1977–1978) 4780:(1976–1977) 4772:(1975–1976) 4764:(1974–1975) 4756:(1973–1974) 4748:(1972–1973) 4740:(1971–1972) 4732:(1970–1971) 4724:(1969–1970) 4716:(1968–1969) 4708:(1967–1968) 4700:(1966–1967) 4692:(1965–1966) 4684:(1964–1965) 4676:(1963–1964) 4668:(1962–1963) 4660:(1961–1962) 4652:(1960–1961) 4633:(1959–1960) 4625:(1958–1959) 4617:(1957–1958) 4609:(1956–1957) 4601:(1955–1956) 4593:(1954–1955) 4585:(1953–1954) 4577:(1952–1953) 4569:(1951–1952) 4561:(1950–1951) 4553:(1949–1950) 4545:(1948–1949) 4537:(1947–1948) 4529:(1946–1947) 4521:(1945–1946) 4513:(1944–1945) 4505:(1943–1944) 4497:(1942–1943) 4489:(1941–1942) 4481:(1940–1941) 4462:(1939–1940) 4454:(1938–1939) 4446:(1937–1938) 4438:(1936–1937) 4430:(1935–1936) 4422:(1934–1935) 4414:(1933–1934) 4406:(1932–1933) 4398:(1931–1932) 4390:(1930–1931) 4382:(1929–1930) 4374:(1928–1929) 4366:(1927–1928) 4358:(1926–1927) 4350:(1925–1926) 4342:(1924–1925) 4340:Fred R. Low 4334:(1923–1924) 4326:(1922–1923) 4318:(1921–1922) 4310:(1920–1921) 4291:(1919–1920) 4283:(1918–1919) 4275:(1917–1918) 4267:(1916–1917) 4259:(1915–1916) 4251:(1914–1915) 4243:(1913–1914) 4235:(1912–1913) 4227:(1911–1912) 4219:(1910–1911) 4211:(1909–1910) 4203:(1908–1909) 4195:(1907–1908) 4187:(1906–1907) 4179:(1905–1906) 4171:(1904–1905) 4163:(1903–1904) 4155:(1902–1903) 4147:(1901–1902) 4139:(1900–1901) 4120:(1899–1900) 4112:(1898–1899) 4104:(1897–1898) 4096:(1896–1897) 4088:(1895–1896) 4080:(1894–1895) 4072:(1893–1894) 4064:(1892–1893) 4056:(1891–1892) 4048:(1890–1891) 4040:(1889–1890) 4032:(1888–1889) 4024:(1887–1888) 4016:(1886–1887) 4008:(1885–1886) 4000:(1884–1885) 3992:(1883–1884) 3984:(1880–1882) 3907:(2007–2021) 3901:(1994–2007) 3895:(1989–1994) 3883:(1948–1961) 3877:(1946–1948) 3871:(1944–1946) 3862:(1930–1942) 3856:(1923–1930) 3574:J. Robinson 3554:M. Robinson 3389:U.S. Senate 3355:. Chicago: 2702:, p. 3 2226:GovTrack.us 2104:, p. 5 1613:, p. 4 1526:, p. 3 1220:Herman 2012 1165:Peter Welch 1131:(D. Eng.). 1008:Times Argus 972:L.D. Warren 618:(1938–41), 543:During the 532:Public life 506:jet engines 432:Engineering 385:self-taught 109:Preceded by 66:Preceded by 5192:Categories 4094:John Fritz 4030:Horace See 3779:Gibson Jr. 3774:Gibson Sr. 3764:Dillingham 3495:1944–1946 3444:Republican 3218:2013-05-04 3127:2018-05-26 3108:2013-05-04 3090:HathiTrust 3088:link from 3032:January 4, 2987:2018-05-25 2967:January 4, 2901:January 4, 2817:2013-05-04 2813:, Asme.org 2502:Leahy 2008 1906:2018-08-15 1208:References 1134:His wife, 954:reported: 851:Frank Knox 733:Ambassador 696:Republican 622:(1941–44) 600:World Bank 329:Providence 284:Communists 255:Republican 227:Occupation 192:Republican 149:1880-09-28 4984:2000–2019 4813:1980–1999 4642:1960–1979 4471:1940–1959 4420:Paul Doty 4300:1920–1939 4129:1900–1919 3974:1880–1899 3629:Partridge 3214:, Pbs.org 2681:143644084 2585:Machinery 2575:Machinery 2565:Machinery 2555:Machinery 2452:Hill 1989 2325:Time 1954 2302:Hill 1989 1955:WGBH 2004 1734:ASME 1944 1584:ASME 1921 1140:folk song 1123:(LL.D.), 1028:Fulbright 855:Communism 656:In 1946, 551:In 1933, 518:president 418:Machine's 325:Pawtucket 260:from the 216:Relatives 99:In office 56:In office 4372:Alex Dow 3744:Collamer 3739:Brainerd 3719:Prentiss 3654:Jeffords 3649:Stafford 3639:Flanders 3579:Tichenor 3559:Tichenor 3351:(2003). 3076:37016470 2982:VTDigger 2587:(8279 C) 2577:(7500 C) 2567:(1550 C) 2557:(2242 C) 2547:(2410 F) 2537:Flanders 1572:Roe 1937 1195:See also 1138:, was a 1115:(M.E.), 988:in 1954. 980:McCarthy 927:Herblock 883:Cold War 769:and the 676:Politics 479:grinder. 379:and the 230:Inventor 208:Children 3928:*Acting 3754:Morrill 3694:Bradley 3684:Bradley 3677:Class 3 3659:Sanders 3614:Stewart 3609:Proctor 3604:Edmunds 3584:Seymour 3564:Chipman 3547:Class 1 3453:Class 1 3305:at the 3084:3456642 2866:1668339 2846:Bibcode 2838:Science 803:power. 735:to the 520:of the 458:Machine 397:Machine 266:Vermont 48:Vermont 3749:Poland 3734:Phelps 3724:Crafts 3709:Palmer 3644:Prouty 3634:Austin 3624:Greene 3594:Phelps 3363: 3197: 3145: 3082: 3074: 3007: 2932: 2864: 2789:Others 2679: 2622: 1080:Click 1072:Legacy 1024:Cooper 887:Truman 694:. His 647:Boston 634:, and 343:Career 288:Soviet 270:Boston 198:Spouse 175:, U.S. 158:, U.S. 3794:Welch 3789:Leahy 3784:Aiken 3729:Upham 3714:Chase 3699:Chase 3689:Paine 3589:Swift 3569:Smith 3160:(PDF) 2862:JSTOR 2677:S2CID 1175:Notes 900:Egypt 710:Nazis 262:state 46:from 3769:Dale 3759:Ross 3704:Fisk 3619:Page 3599:Foot 3463:1952 3459:1946 3361:ISBN 3195:ISBN 3143:ISBN 3080:OCLC 3072:LCCN 3034:2010 3005:ISBN 2969:2010 2930:ISBN 2903:2010 2620:ISBN 1082:here 1033:Time 1026:and 948:The 602:and 598:the 414:cans 410:hobs 331:and 286:and 163:Died 139:Born 2854:doi 2669:doi 1100:at 645:in 452:in 264:of 5194:: 3461:, 3455:) 3287:. 3269:. 3251:. 3231:. 3175:, 3162:, 3119:, 3078:, 3070:, 2980:, 2889:, 2876:, 2860:, 2852:, 2842:95 2840:, 2836:, 2675:, 2470:. 2456:E2 2444:^ 2281:^ 2224:. 2094:^ 2019:^ 2004:^ 1988:^ 1973:^ 1894:. 1847:^ 1774:^ 1714:^ 1700:. 1591:^ 1481:^ 1353:^ 1328:^ 1259:^ 1092:, 1040:. 906:. 873:. 773:. 638:. 630:, 626:, 606:. 594:. 460:. 408:, 404:, 339:. 249:, 3959:e 3952:t 3945:v 3828:e 3821:t 3814:v 3532:e 3525:t 3518:v 3451:( 3369:. 3279:. 3259:. 3241:. 3222:. 3204:. 3185:. 3168:. 3152:. 3131:. 3112:. 3092:. 3086:. 3056:. 3046:. 3037:. 3014:. 2991:. 2972:. 2949:. 2939:. 2916:. 2906:. 2882:. 2869:. 2856:: 2848:: 2829:. 2803:. 2784:. 2774:. 2764:. 2754:. 2744:. 2734:. 2724:. 2714:. 2704:. 2694:. 2684:. 2671:: 2659:. 2649:. 2639:. 2628:. 2599:. 2589:. 2579:. 2569:. 2559:. 2549:. 2480:. 2228:. 1909:. 1708:. 1373:. 1253:. 211:3 151:) 147:(

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