Rainbow Gathering - Knowledge

717:, a federal agency with its own federal law enforcement officers. County sheriffs have concurrent jurisdiction on all forest lands, as do county police and local police depending on location, community boundaries and local laws. So too do state law enforcement agencies, namely state wildlife wardens, state troopers and state police or bureaus of investigation. Many local gatherings occur in remote areas, with county sheriffs being the primary responders. They often request deputies from neighboring counties and officers from area police departments. Additionally, it is common for state conservation and wildlife officers and state troopers to deploy personnel. The Forest Service has often received assistance from the FBI, US Marshalls for fugitives, DEA for drug trafficking and other federal agencies. The USFS has tried to prevent these gatherings from taking place; it denies all others access to the forest and the surrounding area for the duration of the gathering or insists that a group-use permit be signed, contending that this is standard practice for large groups wishing to camp on 765:. The book provides a firsthand account of Sentelle's role in presiding over the 1987 case brought by the State of North Carolina in an attempt to stop the Gathering, including site visits to the Gathering and related legal actions. Garrick Beck, a Rainbow Family organizer involved in the 1987 case, wrote an afterword to the book in which he expresses agreement with Sentelle's characterizations. In that particular gathering, numerous state arrests were made for breaches of the peace, alcohol and traffic violations and interfering with officers. The federal court allowed the NC gathering to continue, but when attendees overstayed their time allocation, they were forcibly removed and arrested by state and federal officers. Damage to the Slick Rock area of Nantaha National Forest was estimated to be in the tens of thousands of dollars. An outbreak of bloody diarrhea occurred and at least two kidnapped minors were rescued from the camp in two separate incidents. 225:. The first 3 days of the festival took place at Strawberry Lake, outside of Granby, CO. The lake is in a wooded area elevated 900 ft. above the surrounding area. Campsites surrounded the lake, and there was no event stage of any kind. Then on the final day, July 4, 1972, most in attendance migrated to Table Mountain, a barren summit located a mile away from the lake. This was ostensibly for the noon sighting of a white buffalo, as had been envisioned/prophesied by Barry "Plunker" Adams, a spiritual leader of the Family. However, a week before the festival was to begin, local authorities banned the event, and state police blocked the road to the lake, only letting through tourists with reservations for a nearby resort. Over 10,000 attendees gathered (with permission) on the grounds of a local airport until a court order allowed access to the lake. Estimates of attendance vary between 20,000 and 45,000. 1087:. 2014 WRG was in Hungary. 2015 WRG was in Egypt, Sinai. 2016 in Ethiopia. World Rainbow Gathering May 2017 was at Jengglungharjo, Indonesia. 2018 World Rainbow Gathering was in Hualien county in Taiwan. 2019 World Rainbow Gathering was in Chimila, in the Sierra Nevadas of Colombia. The 2020 World Rainbow Gathering was to be in Siberia, Russia, but was postponed to 2021. In 2021 due to travel restrictions upon entering Russia the vision council decided to make it in December in Mexico. The October 2022 World Rainbow Gathering was held in the southwest of Turkey. The consensus was for the 2024 gathering to be held in the Ivory Coast. Gatherings have also been held in Mexico and in Egypt. The Mayan calendar is used and the first gathering was for 2012 whereas the second was held ten years later in 2022. World peace gatherings were first held in Morocco in 2016 and followed up in Germany. 583:), which includes anyone who is capable of helping at that time. Shanti Sena also sometimes acts as liaisons to observers and law enforcement officers who patrol the Rainbow Gathering, often tracking the movements of police and park rangers through the gathering, and overseeing the interactions between officers and people attending the gathering to ensure that neither group instigates or takes part in illegal or inflammatory confrontations. This type of interference with police operations resulted in numerous arrests in the 1987 gathering in North Carolina, with state, federal and local officers being assaulted, blocked from patrol areas and threatened. The Shanti Sena at the '87 gathering were characterized by local, state, and federal officers as a criminal gang and were suspected to have collaborated in the assault on an Asheville 355: 139:

ranging from petty crimes like retail theft to violent assaults and serious traffic charges, such as driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Despite the movement's environmentalist and pacifist aspirations, Gatherings, which are typically held in national forests and other ecologically sensitive areas, are described as having a deleterious impact on the local environment. Participants have developed a reputation for excessive drug and alcohol use, in addition to engaging in disruptive and criminal activity. This has resulted in increased police presence at Gatherings and a poor reception from area residents and business owners in nearby towns.

976: 1024: 31: 284: 678: 116:— one that would be non-hierarchical, that would further world peace, and serve as a model for reforms to mainstream society. However, the values actually exhibited by the group have at times varied quite a bit from this ideal, with recent decades showing increasing levels of crime at the events, and some organizers stating the core principles have been modified, and become more mainstream, in an effort to attract more people. 295:." Using money to buy or sell anything at Rainbow Gatherings is taboo. There are no paid organizers, although there are volunteers ("focalizers") who are crucial to setting up the gathering site. Participants are expected to contribute money, labor, and/or material. All labor is voluntary and never formally compensated; conversely, there is no monetary cost or prior obligation required to attend a Rainbow Gathering. 772:(NIMT). Around 40 personnel from the NIMT have been assigned in the past, including NIMT members, Forest Service law enforcement officers (LEOs) and resource advisors. Because the Rainbow Gathering has utilized the land in the past without required consent from the Forest Service, the gatherings have been given special attention, since, under current Forestry rules and regulations, they may occur illegally. 104:

the "Rainbow Family Tribe" referred to themselves as "brothers & sisters, children of God", "Families of life on Earth", "Friends of Nature & of all People" and "Children of Humankind". All races, nations, politicians, etc. were invited in the desire that there could be peace among all people. The goal was to create what they believed was a more satisfying culture — free from

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Forest Service prosecutions and Rainbow Family-inspired legal actions against enforcement activities; among other legal defeats, the Forest Service found itself rebuffed by the judge in a defendant class suit originating from the 1987 North Carolina Gathering. In a notable account of Gathering relations with law enforcement,

430:, practical guidelines have been reached through the consensus process and are documented in a "Mini-manual". Items that are strongly discouraged, by some, at gatherings include firearms, alcohol, tobacco, and pets. Other items that tend to be discouraged include radios, tape players, sound amplifiers, and power tools. 931:

In 2011, four fatalities from natural causes occurred at Rainbow Gatherings, including two deaths at the 2011 Washington State national Rainbow Gathering. The Washington State deaths were those of Amber Kellar, a 28-year-old Californian who died of a preexisting medical condition, and Steve Pierce, a

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reporter. Several gathering attendees who reported they had been expelled from the gathering called the Shanti Sena "gestapo" and thugs. In some particularly serious situations, Shanti Sena have collaborated with law enforcement (although without violating the Gathering's principle of consensus). For

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The Rainbow Family has governed Gatherings of up to 30,000 people. Regional Rainbow gatherings can attract as many as 5,000. The U.S. annual rainbow gathering occurs around July 1-7th, but people come up to a month earlier to help set up (this is known as "Seed Camp") and remain on-site up to a month

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There are no official leaders, no formal structure, no official spokespersons, and no membership. Some rainbow family participants make the claim that the family is the "largest non-organization of non-members in the world". In addition to referring to itself as a non-organization, the Rainbow Family

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In 1999 and again in 2000, the NIMT selected three gathering participants who were charged with "use or occupancy of National Forest System lands without authorization." The citation carried a maximum penalty of six months in jail and a $ 5,000 fine; the charges originally could have been cleared by

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foundation. Some kitchens such as the Turtle Soup Kitchen serve predominantly vegetarian meals. Lovin' Ovens is a kitchen that craft ovens out of metal drums, clay, and mud in the area and will cook food such as pizza (meat, vegetarian, and vegan) and different types of bread and snacks. Nic@Nite is

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are temporary, loosely knit communities of people, who congregate in remote forests around the world for one or more weeks at a time with the stated intention of living a shared ideology of peace, harmony, freedom, and respect. In the original invitation, spread throughout the United States in 1971,

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in Florida, 24-year-old attendee Wesley "Dice" Jones was shot and paralyzed by Clark Mayers, 39, of Milledgeville, Georgia. Another attendee, Jacob Cardwell, known as "Smiley", threw himself over Dice and was himself shot and killed. Other gathering attendees then beat and stabbed Mayers, who spent

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at the site, stating they were not certain a crime had taken place. After pleas by the Hanson family and the Rainbow Family, a series of four searches by Rainbow Gathering attendees, law enforcement and the Hanson Family took place during late summer and fall of 2011. In October 2011, human remains

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is discouraged by many people at the gatherings with respect for others being the primary reason. A distinguishing characteristic of the U.S. annual gatherings is "A-Camp," (commonly, and mistakenly, thought to mean "alcohol camp") typically located near the front gate, where some of those who want

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Cost to federal government of $ 573,000 according to Tim Walther, assistant special agent in charge of law enforcement for the Forest Service. A total of 850 incident reports, written warnings and citations were recorded during the event. Of these, 405 incident reports were written up for Rainbow

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In recent years, there have been increasing reports of drifters and vagrants who attach themselves to gatherings where they engage in hard drug use, sexual assault, theft and violence. In 2014, Heber City, Utah police arrested Leilani Novak-Garcia, known as "Hitler", who repeatedly stabbed a man at

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Media coverage of Rainbow Gatherings since the 1980s has described Rainbow Gathering attendees with terms such as "aging hippies", "grown-up flower children", or "middle-aged white folks". In the 2000s, the media focus shifted to the increase in crime in the local communities closest to Gatherings,

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academics and writers issued a statement against the Rainbow Gathering attendees who are "appropriating and practicing faux Native ceremonies and beliefs. These actions, although Rainbows may not realize, dehumanize us as an indigenous Nation because they imply our culture and humanity, like our

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has in the past pressured individuals to be representatives of the Gathering (e.g., by signing a permit). However, this is in violation of the well-established Rainbow principle that "no individual may officially represent the Family as a whole." A number of court cases have resulted from both

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Aside from taking up collections (the "Magic Hat" in Rainbow parlance) for essential items purchased from the local community, there is little or no exchange of currency internally at a Gathering. The primary principle is that necessities should be freely shared, while luxuries can be traded. A

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At the 2008 National Gathering in Wyoming, an incident occurred whereby Forest Service officers tried to arrest an attendee at the gathering. A spokeswoman for the U.S. Forest Service said that about 400 participants in the Gathering began to advance, throwing sticks and rocks at the officers,

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In 2016, the American Civil Liberties Union in Vermont issued a report expressing concern over federal law enforcement activities that the ACLU describe as "overzealous" and "unconstitutional". The ACLU-VT sent letters to law enforcement officials calling for an end to the illegal targeting of

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World Gatherings have been held in Australia, Zimbabwe, Brazil, Costa Rica, Canada, Turkey, Thailand, China, New Zealand, Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico, Hungary, Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Taiwan, and Colombia. Approximately 3,000 people attended the 2000 World Gathering in Australia, held on

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in West Virginia and attendees were questioned about possible involvement. They had been shot dead during the gathering. There had been tension between local residents and "hippies", and police concluded that local men led by Greenbrier County resident Jacob Beard were responsible. Beard was

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stations set up around the Gatherings. Even those without medical experience are encouraged to help with things such as procuring water and cooking for the healers, who are often too busy to attend main circle or visit other kitchens. In case of any emergency, CALM can be contacted on

860:. Niman described the source as purveying "covert anti-Semitism throughout" and that, "If anything, it was an attack on Native culture...an attempt to evangelize within the Native American community". He said Rainbows who likely don't recognize the Biblical overtones continue to cite 591:

The phrase is also used as a call for aid. If individuals find themselves in a dispute, they can shout "Shanti Sena". Everyone within earshot is expected to then approach the scene calmly, de-escalate where possible, and eventually reach a consensus agreement to settle the dispute.

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at gatherings, both by small pump filters and large gravity-feed devices. Attendees are encouraged also to boil drinking water. Water is often tapped at a source (such as a spring or stream) and runs hundreds of yards to main kitchens in the gathering via plastic hosing.

644:, attended and was removed from the Rainbow Gathering twice in the 1980s and was convicted of molesting an 8-year-old boy at a gathering in Pennsylvania. Rainbow elder Barry Adams helped to identify and convict Ramos. Ramos served a 20-year prison sentence in the 1047:. The 2007 European gathering, the 25th recurrence of that annual event, took place in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The subsequent European Gatherings took place in Serbia (2008), Ukraine (2009) and Finland (2010). In 2010, there were also two Rainbow Gatherings in the 320:

of Living Light's "non-members" also playfully call the movement a "disorganization". However, there is a changing network of "focalizers" who take responsibility for passing on Rainbow information year-round, and serve as contacts listed in the Rainbow Guide.

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Costs local jurisdictions must bear. For example, the 2013 gathering in Beaverhead County, Montana experienced uncollectible patient charges for emergency room care and additional costs incurred at the county's hospital, which totaled an estimated $ 175,000.

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although this was disputed by Gathering participants and video evidence. Pepper balls were then fired to control the crowd. Witnesses reported that officers pointed weapons at children and fired rubber bullets at gathering participants. The

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designated trading area is a feature at most U.S. Gatherings. It is called "trading circle" if it is circular and "barter lane" if it is linear. Frequently traded items include items such as sweets (often referred to as "zuzus"), books,

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The phenomenon of "Drainbows"—individuals who are perceived to not give sufficiently of their labor or other resources for the common good, but rather are only consuming the social benefits a Rainbow gathering offers (a classic

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was rigged to carry groups of four quickly across a meadow. Faerie Camp was "alive with hundreds of bells and oddly illuminated objects". Musicians and music pervade all Gatherings, at kitchens, on the trails, and at campfires.

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is deposited in latrine trenches (typically referred to as 'shitters') and treated with lime and ash from campfires. New latrines are dug and filled in daily. However sanitation may still be inadequate: the 1987 gathering in

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to openly drink alcohol usually stay, yet public drinking is generally accepted in most camps close to the road. Gatherings in Europe do not have "A-Camps." Some gatherings in Canada have "A-Camps" and some do not.

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the following year materialized, at which point an annual event was declared. The length of the gatherings has since expanded beyond the original four-day span, as have the number and frequency of the gatherings.

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on patient care. C.A.L.M. works closely with the Shanti peace army, as they are often the first on the scene in a crisis. There is usually one main C.A.L.M. camp near the inner part of the gatherings and smaller

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Occasionally the site selection process does not run smoothly resulting in a split gathering (1993); or in very low attendance either due to a dispute over the legitimacy of the site (2015) or in light of the

959:, the week before. Police say the woman, identified as 18-year-old Amber Robinson of Florida, hitchhiked with Capstraw after leaving the Gathering and was beaten to death by him after an altercation. 198:

connoting the participants' widely held belief that modern lifestyles and systems of government are unhealthy, unsustainable, exploitative and out of harmony with the natural systems of the planet.

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and mischaracterize it as containing a message that aligns with the Rainbow ideology, often inventing entirely new versions of the myth that they still attribute to Willoya and Brown's 1962 tract.

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two weeks in the hospital before being moved to jail, where he was charged with first-degree murder. Authorities ordered the encampment vacated. The group complied after holding a prayer meeting.

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Camps and kitchens are the basic community units of the Gathering. Camps may be based on regional, spiritual, or even dietary commonalities. For example, Kid Village attracts attendees with

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was strongly represented as well. At least 2,600 people from throughout that region attended and provided support for the 1972 Rainbow Gathering of the Tribes on Strawberry Lake, above

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C.A.L.M., or the Center for Alternative Living Medicine, is the primary group of doctors at Rainbow Gatherings who assist people with health and wellness and take responsibility for

135:, U.S. in 1972 and was attended by more than 20,000 people. In the 1980s, gatherings started to form outside of North America as autonomous, but connected events around the world. 1749: 2278: 2230: 1039:

There is an annual European gathering and many European countries host their own national or regional gatherings. The first European Rainbow Gathering was organized in 1983 in

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example, a gathering regular and wanted murder suspect, Joseph Geibel, was peacefully approached by Shanti Sena and transferred to police custody at the 1998 gathering.

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process for making decisions. According to the Mini-manual, "Recognized Rainbow guidelines come from only one source, a main Counsel circle at the annual gatherings."

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Wharton, M.; Spiegel, R. A.; Horan, J. M.; Tauxe, R. V.; Wells, J. G.; Barg, N.; Herndon, J.; Meriwether, R. A.; MacCormack, J. N.; Levine, R. H. (December 1, 1990).

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leaders of several tribes have spoken out against the Rainbows' misappropriation of their religious ceremonies as well as their trespassing onto Native sacred sites.

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give them the right to peaceably assemble on public land and that requiring a permit would violate that basic right by turning it into a privilege to be regulated.

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Relationships with both the Forest Service as well as local communities and other stakeholders in National Forest lands (both commercial interests as well as local

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lands. This was unenforced for a year and a half before the Service attempted to apply it to the gathering in Arizona in 1986. Judge Bilby called attention to the

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Niman, Michael I (2011), "The Shanti Sena "peace center" and the non-policing of an anarchist temporary autonomous zone: Rainbow Family peacekeeping strategies",

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of the regulation, and in any case ruled it unconstitutional, in part because it required expressive assemblies, but not non-expressive ones, to obtain permits.

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confessed to the murders but later revealed he had just read about them. The killers remain at large and filmmaker Julia Huffman is working on a documentary,

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Not all camps are kitchens, but all kitchens are camps. In addition to feeding passers-by, kitchens send food to the one or two large communal, predominantly

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paying a $ 100 fine. Instead, they all chose to fight it in court, but lost their appeals. The three 1999 cases were later turned down by the Supreme Court.

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produced a report following their investigation of the incident in which they were critical of the officers for engaging in a pattern of harassment, using

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In February 2021, Larry "Frank" Dugger, who was attending a Rainbow Gathering at the Ocala National Forest, was shot and killed by an unknown assailant.

372:" which is ended with whooping and a celebration. A parade of children comes from the Kiddie Village, singing and dancing into the middle of the circle. 2406: 3039: 3022: 2693: 1582: 206:

The original Rainbow Gathering was in 1972, and since then gatherings have been held annually in the United States from July 1 through 7 every year on

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Gatherings are loosely maintained by open, free form counsel circles consisting of any "non-members" who wish to be part of a conversation, which use

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the annual gathering after he tried to stop her honking her car horn. Novak-Garcia pleaded no contest to the charges and served 300 days in jail.

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Although Banyaca was unfamiliar with the Rainbow Family, he was aware of the Rainbow Warrior myth and said it was invented by two non-Native,

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The Spring Council of the Rainbow Family does not inform the U.S. Forest Service of the gathering location until a few days prior to the event

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are also a feature of rainbow gatherings. Each participant in the circle talks in turn while all others present listen in silence. A ritual

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land. Throughout the year, regional and international gatherings are held in the United States and in many other places around the world.

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convicted in 1999, but exonerated on appeal in 2000 and received a $ 2 million settlement for wrongful conviction. White supremacist

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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.

217:, United States in July, 1972. It was organized by youth counterculture "tribes" (youth communes) of the Rainbow Family, based in 3266: 2544: 852:

in which they fabricated the Rainbow Warrior concept, claiming it was an ancient Native American legend and a prophecy about the

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Creative events may include variety shows, campfire singing, fire-juggling, and large or small art projects. At one gathering, a

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The Forest Service has dealt with the scale of the US Annual Rainbow Gathering in the past by assigning a Type 2 National

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In 1984, the Forest Service enacted a regulation requiring a permit for any expressive assembly of ten or more people on

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stated, "The U.S. Forest Service systematically harasses people who attend Rainbow Family gatherings on public lands."

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and jewelry were found near the woman's campsite. It was later confirmed that the remains were those of Marie Hanson.

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Damage to forest lands, campgrounds and facilities, with human waste, trash and other mess such as abandoned vehicles

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Note that the 2017 gathering in Italy was connected to several typhoid cases in France, Germany, and Slovenia.

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Forest Service emails obtained by Buffalo State University of New York under the Freedom of Information Act.

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In July 2011, a woman named Marie Hanson, from South Lake Tahoe, California went missing in Skookum Meadow,

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Rainbow Gathering attendees expressing First Amendment rights on public land. In an October 2008 report the

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The U.S. Forest Service systematically harasses people who attend Rainbow Family gatherings on public lands.

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One of the central features of the annual U.S. gathering is silent meditation on the morning of the

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There has been a long-standing Rainbow rumor that the Gathering is recognized by the elders of the

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gatherings, particularly in France, where it is customary to drink wine with the evening meal.

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Jose Antonio Ramos, who was identified in 1985 and again in 2004 as the primary suspect in the

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According to the guidelines, or Raps of the Rainbow Gathering, open and public consumption of

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people not following the operational plan agreed upon by the Rainbows and the Forest Service.

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In 2017, the United States gathering was held near the 1.4 million acres (5,700 km)

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Gatherings are routinely held all over the world, on every continent (excluding Antarctica).

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The often unacknowledged class and power structures of the Rainbow community and its events

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Police and medics near "trading circle" at the annual U.S. national Rainbow Gathering in

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The first gathering was intended to be a one-time event; however, a second gathering in

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as the fulfillment of an ancient Hopi prophecy (some versions substitute Hopi with the

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Rainbow Family Gathering: Shooting Rampage at Pacifist Hippie Group Event in Florida

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As Michael Niman notes, "Rainbow Gatherings, as a matter of principle, are free and

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traditions and beliefs have also given the Gathering a poor reception from nearby

30: 3891: 3581: 3485: 3475: 2918:"Rainbow Family members returning to Gifford Pinchot to search for missing woman" 1753: 1729: 1347: 1141: 1072: 857: 560: 283: 3111:"Rainbow Family speaks out after their brother is killed in late night shooting" 2799: 2577: 1962: 1872: 1795: 3948: 3933: 3901: 3718: 3632: 3627: 3617: 3465: 3419: 3344: 1673: 1048: 924: 677: 653: 483: 427: 335: 292: 287:"Welcome home" and "We love you" are common greetings at the Rainbow Gathering. 256: 160: 92: 2601:, pp. 125–128, 189–193: "'A' Camp for Alcohol Abusers", "The Drug Factor" 386:

Many spiritual traditions are represented, often with their own kitchen, from

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It is an all volunteer, non-hierarchical group encompassing both mainstream,

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bars have emerged as a semi-standardized unit of exchange at some gatherings.

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a camp that focuses on the sharing of tobacco and tobacco-related products.

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land, is anyone's for the taking." The signatories specifically named this

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and the local environment. Gathering organizers generally contend that the

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techniques, and using small violations as a pretense for larger searches.

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are held on National Forest land, which is under the jurisdiction of the

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and the non-commercial rock festivals of the early 1970s, Rainbow is a "

3896: 3881: 3831: 3723: 3450: 3445: 3324: 3309: 3158:"Typhoid fever cases linked to Italian Rainbow gathering – Summer 2017" 3056: 2993: 542: 507: 474: 451: 127:" with many philosophies and practices that have roots in the historic 113: 109: 2818:"Remains of Rainbow Gathering attendee from California possibly found" 1543:"The 2022 Rainbow Family gathering is in Colorado. Here's what we saw" 1287: 248:. There was also strong representation from other regions of the U.S. 240:

of the U.S. were heavily involved in the first Rainbow Gathering, the

3821: 3505: 3470: 3354: 3329: 3299: 3074:"Woman murdered after she met man at Rainbow Gathering, deputies say" 2492: 1903:"Shigellosis outbreak linked to European Rainbow Gathering in Poland" 1747:

Winnemem Wintu Tribe Gives Cease & Desist Order to Rainbow Family

551: 530: 526: 491: 304: 2570:"Rainbow Guide - Rainbow Family of Living Light - Rainbow Raps: 151" 2173:"Breaking down the cleanup and cost of the Rainbow Family Gathering" 1792:"Rainbow Guide - Rainbow Family of Living Light - Rainbow Raps: 107" 559:

Channel 3 (no tones, 462.6125 MHz UHF) and other site-specific

3943: 3871: 3409: 3136:"2009 European Rainbow Gathering: Ukraine 22 July – 20 August 2009" 1052: 889:

In 1980, the bodies of two women were found after the gathering at

830: 580: 514: 439: 308: 214: 213:

The first Rainbow Gathering of the Tribes, was a four-day event in

132: 2257:"ACLU-VT blog · Constitutional Rights Exist — Even In Our Forests" 1290:"Feds say hippie Rainbow Gathering to hit Black Hills this summer" 423:

later to participate in cleanup and to perform site restorations.

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Deadly shooting at "Rainbow Family" pacifist gathering in Florida

2710:

After 12 Years, a Break in West Virginia Slaying of 2 Hitchhikers

2592: 1240: 1238: 923:. The local Sheriff's office reportedly initially refused to use 442:, Tea Time specializes in serving herbal teas, Jesus Camp has a 229: 194:" - a term also used by Rastafarian culture - from the Christian 131:

of the mid-19th century. The first Rainbow Gathering was held in

3244: 1789: 358:"Ohm" Circle on July 4th 1980 at West Virginia Rainbow Gathering 3804: 3556: 3369: 3289: 3077: 2108:"Hitler" sentenced to jail for assault during Rainbow Gathering 2091:

Rainbow Gathering's "Hitler" pleads no contest in Utah stabbing

806: 187: 176: 164: 3175:"15-letna Slovenka, ki je zbolela za tifusom, ni v nevarnosti" 3092:"Police ID 18-year-old woman beaten to death in Elizabethtown" 2209:"Rainbow Family gathering costs U.S. Forest Service $ 573,000" 2040:, pp. 170–183: "Land Stewardship and Community Relations" 1985: 1983: 1235: 3733: 3440: 3424: 2460:"5 arrested in Rainbow Family clash with feds - USATODAY.com" 477:

has historically been a major concern at Rainbow Gatherings.

463: 2854: 2838:"Remains identified as woman missing from Rainbow gathering" 1569:, pp. 68–72: "A World Without Money" and "Trade Circle" 179:

culture. The gatherings have roots clearly traceable to the

3095: 2800:"Hopes fade for woman missing after Rainbow Family campout" 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 1980: 1756:" at Native News Online. 04 Jul 2015. Accessed 13 July 2015 1396:"Rainbow Family Arriving in Vermont Forest for Annual Fest" 802: 781: 307:

or smoking pipes (usually when no police are in the area).

300: 163:(usually abbreviated to "Rainbow Family") claim to express 1768:, p. 146: "From Ethnocide to a Multispiritual Utopia" 1710:

Going Native: Indians in the American Cultural Imagination

1225: 1223: 1210: 1027:

The Québec tipi at the World Gathering in Costa Rica, 2004

906:

wrote about the murders and their impact in the 2020 book

2782:"California woman missing after Rainbow Family Gathering" 1318: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1310: 951:

In July 2018, Joseph Bryan Capstraw, 20, was arrested in

414: 3040:

Man charged with first-degree murder in Rainbow shooting

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Rainbow Family kicked from campsite after fatal shooting

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Open Letter: Protect He Sapa, Stop Cultural Exploitation

659: 266:

The 50th anniversary gathering in July 2022 was held in

2061:"UPDATED: Rainbow Gathering not sitting well with some" 1810: 1699:. Chapter Six: "Counterculture Indians and the New Age" 1288:

Capital Journal Staff and Wire Reports (June 7, 2015).

1220: 1096: 1051:, Spain. The first was held near the northern coast of 965: 368: 2004:, pp. 118–125: "Not Really Cops Rainbow Cop Trip" 1834: 1822: 1790:

The Rainbow Guide Volunteer Crew (February 20, 2010).

1653: 1560: 1307: 2306:"Review of "People of the Rainbow, a Nomadic Utopia"" 1410: 1163: 418:"Rap 107," concise Gathering participation principles 2746:". National Registry of Exonerations, July 30, 2012. 2514:"ACLU Plans to Investigate Rainbow Family Treatment" 2279:"Report Says Forest Service Has Harassed Gatherings" 2231:"Report Says Forest Service Has Harassed Gatherings" 1759: 1071:

farmland in Boonoo Boonoo State Forest, in northern

2489:"ACLU blasts Forest Service over Rainbow gathering" 2124:

Rainbow Family Fears Release Date Of Child Molester

2019: 1771: 2769:Documentary filmmaker investigates Rainbow Murders 2727:Man who confessed to "Rainbow Murders" is executed 1975:The only rule we have is that of peaceful respect. 1907:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control 1854: 1721:Estes et al., for the Oak Lake Writers' Society, " 1577: 1575: 1465:"Rainbow Family members start gathering in Oregon" 619:, who are often concerned about Gathering impacts) 486:experienced a large outbreak of highly contagious 2187:"County Rainbow Gathering expenses top $ 200,000" 1398:. Montpelier, Vermont: ABC News. Associated Press 672: 3966: 2155:"Longtime Etan Patz Suspect Released, Then Held" 2303: 1572: 2855:Washington Rainbow Gathering (July 15, 2011). 2482: 2480: 1431:"WA rainbow gathering draws tens of thousands" 919:while attending the 2011 Rainbow Gathering at 595: 349: 3260: 2327: 1831:, pp. 60–66: "From Seed" and "Seed Camp" 1715: 1508: 1204: 812: 3190: 2881: 1676:: Ordinary People Journeying on the Red Road 1371:"Group speaks out against Rainbow Gathering" 1075:. The 2009 World Gathering was held outside 867: 510:of those who attend these large gatherings. 375:Spiritually, there is a strong tradition of 270:, Colorado, with over 10,000 in attendance. 3222:"Acid Crawlback Fest: Armageddon Postponed" 2945: 2915: 2890:. King Broadcasting Company. Archived from 2628: 2626: 2542: 2477: 2058: 1437:. King Broadcasting Company. Archived from 1341:Protect He Sapa, Stop Cultural Exploitation 3267: 3253: 2668:. University of Tennessee Press. pp. 2313:Rainbow Family of Living Light: 3 Articles 2067:. Lewiston Morning Tribune. Archived from 1949: 1947: 1945: 1691:. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. 1364: 1362: 575:, and emergency situations are handled by 346:from Indigenous peoples of North America. 2651: 2408:Environmental Regulation of Real Property 1534: 1514: 1428: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1283: 1281: 1180: 1178: 1011:Learn how and when to remove this message 833:by writer Michael Niman in the 1997 book 525:healing modalities. It is common to find 2632: 2623: 2404: 2333: 2152: 1989: 1929:"Center for Alternative Living Medicine" 1702: 1681: 1121: 1022: 676: 571:Within the Rainbow Gathering, security, 413: 353: 282: 236:Although groups from California and the 2884:"Woman found dead at Rainbow Gathering" 2771:". WDBJ, Roanoke, VA, October 27, 2017. 2665:People of the Rainbow: A Nomadic Utopia 2431: 1942: 1712:. Cornell University Press, 2001. p.164 1665: 1540: 1368: 1359: 1255: 1253: 1184: 902:, hoping to bring more facts to light. 835:People of the Rainbow: A Nomadic Utopia 457: 454:meals served daily in the main meadow. 3990:Native American cultural appropriation 3967: 3219: 2506: 2405:Robinson, Nicholas A (December 1982). 2153:Rubinkam, Michael (November 7, 2012). 2052: 1607: 1488: 1462: 1328: 1278: 1175: 1034: 932:50-year-old Californian who died of a 409: 84:in California, Oklahoma, or Washington 3995:Native American-related controversies 3756:Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral 3248: 3108: 2657: 2617: 2598: 2486: 2411:. Law Journal Press. pp. 3–103. 2366: 2338:. Green Bag Press. pp. 249–250. 2175:. Montana Public Radio. July 9, 2013. 2037: 2025: 2013: 2001: 1840: 1828: 1816: 1777: 1765: 1659: 1566: 1416: 1322: 1260:Lelis, Ludmilla (February 16, 2013), 1259: 1244: 1229: 1169: 1127: 660:Cost to local and federal governments 433: 4000:Recurring events established in 1972 3193:"Editorial: A rainbow at Cape Scott" 3057:Rainbow murder suspect moved to jail 2211:. The Missoulian. September 19, 2013 1736:. 2 July 2015. Accessed 15 July 2015 1393: 1356:. 14 July 2015. Accessed 24 Nov 2015 1250: 969: 966:Gatherings outside the United States 943:In 2015, at a regional gathering at 721:and that it is necessary to protect 426:Although each event is more or less 323: 278: 2536: 2452: 2315:. Fourth World Services. p. 13 1794:. Rainbowguide.info. Archived from 1185:Wehelie, Benazir (March 22, 2015). 1065: 805:is tolerated in moderation at some 35:Trading circle at Rainbow Gathering 13: 3213: 3109:Laude, Julia (February 16, 2021). 2916:Tony Lystra (September 23, 2011). 2863:. washingtongathering.blogspot.com 2436:. Mx.reocities.com. Archived from 2157:. Associated Press. Archived from 1739: 1734:Indian Country Today Media Network 1353:Indian Country Today Media Network 1214:The Rainbow Oracle Of Mandala City 1187:"Nineteen years under the rainbow" 186:Rainbow Gatherings have their own 16:International hippie camping event 14: 4016: 3274: 3240: 2946:Jeff Weiner (February 26, 2011). 2861:Washington Rainbow Gathering 2011 2336:Judge Dave and the Rainbow People 2189:. Dillon Tribune. August 13, 2013 2028:, p. 85: "Work and Drudgery" 1515:Brulliard, Karin (July 3, 2022). 1489:Hooper, Will (December 1, 1969). 755:Judge Dave and the Rainbow People 314: 273: 2994:Murder darkens Rainbow Gathering 1610:"FOCALIZER? WHAT'S A FOCALIZER?" 1463:Selsky, Andrew (June 23, 2017). 1211:Rainbow Family Of Living Light, 974: 825:). Sometimes referred to as the 29: 3191:Staff Writer (August 9, 2013). 3184: 3167: 3150: 3128: 3102: 3084: 3066: 3049: 3032: 3015: 3003: 2986: 2969: 2939: 2909: 2875: 2848: 2830: 2810: 2792: 2774: 2761: 2749: 2736: 2719: 2702: 2686: 2562: 2425: 2398: 2372: 2297: 2271: 2249: 2223: 2201: 2179: 2165: 2146: 2129: 2117: 2100: 2083: 2043: 1961:. July 15, 1996. Archived from 1921: 1895: 1846: 1783: 1780:, p. 28: "Sunflower's Day" 1627: 1601: 1541:Blevins, Jason (July 6, 2022). 1482: 1456: 1422: 1387: 1369:Caudill, Jack (June 16, 2015), 921:Gifford Pinchot National Forest 3220:Cahill, Tim (August 3, 1972). 2857:"R.I.P. Steve and Amber "Aya"" 2698:Washington Post, July 7, 1980. 2639:On the Road with John Tarleton 2635:"Interview with Michael Niman" 2545:"Arrest leads to Rainbow riot" 2487:Neary, Ben (October 3, 2008). 1861:Journal of Infectious Diseases 1394:Ring, Wilson (June 25, 2016). 827:Legend of the Rainbow Warriors 704:American Civil Liberties Union 691:American Civil Liberties Union 689:In an October 2008 report the 673:Relations with law enforcement 646:State Correctional Institution 566: 161:Rainbow Family of Living Light 1: 3777:The Moon and the Sledgehammer 3140:Eurogathering.Rainbowinfo.net 2975:Jeff Burlew and Karl Etters, 1090: 154: 2882:David Krough (7 July 2011). 2633:Tarleton, John (July 1999), 2543:Morton, Tom (July 5, 2008). 2137:A New Horror Recalls Another 2059:Eric Barker (July 2, 2020). 1843:, pp. 72–78: "Kitchens" 1142:10.1080/10282580.2011.541077 945:Apalachicola National Forest 881:as "cultural exploitation". 715:United States Forest Service 709:All major gatherings in the 394:to several denominations of 7: 3012:. CBS News, March 12, 2015. 2334:Sentelle, David B. (2002). 1130:Contemporary Justice Review 1083:in the western province of 1055:and the second was held on 891:Monongahela National Forest 596:Difficulties and criticisms 497: 350:Creativity and spirituality 181:counterculture of the 1960s 159:Rainbow Gatherings and the 10: 4023: 4005:Temporary populated places 2126:. KECI News, May 24, 2012. 1708:Huhndorf, Shari Michelle, 1429:KGW Staff (29 June 2011). 1247:, pp. 30–33, 149–155. 813:Confusion over Hopi legend 791: 727:United States Constitution 642:disappearance of Etan Patz 201: 3814: 3747: 3696: 3590: 3534: 3526:Twelve Tribes communities 3433: 3282: 2784:. Vancouver, Washington. 1873:10.1093/infdis/162.6.1324 1635:"Mini-Manual: Counciling" 884: 868:Cultural misappropriation 143:and misrepresentation of 88: 72: 64: 56: 48: 40: 28: 23: 3980:Counterculture festivals 3975:Clothing-optional events 2758:, decided July 15, 1998. 2304:A.Allen Butcher (1999). 770:Incident Management Team 3516:Testimony of simplicity 3434:Religious and spiritual 3395:Subsistence agriculture 3390:Slow movement (culture) 2927:. The Daily News Online 2658:Niman, Michael (1997). 957:Lumpkin County, Georgia 953:Elizabethtown, Kentucky 862:Warriors of the Rainbow 854:Second Coming of Christ 846:Warriors of the Rainbow 786:overzealous enforcement 261:Taos County, New Mexico 253:Malheur National Forest 125:revitalization movement 3847:Appropriate technology 3405:Sustainable sanitation 3350:Low-impact development 3162:travelhealthpro.org.uk 1678:. HarperCollins, 2009. 1077:Murchison, New Zealand 1028: 983:All of this section's 909:The Third Rainbow Girl 842:Evangelical Christians 699: 686: 600:Difficulties include: 419: 377:cultural appropriation 359: 288: 141:Cultural appropriation 3763:Escape from Affluenza 3340:Intentional community 1026: 938:Ocala National Forest 904:Emma Copley Eisenberg 829:, it was debunked as 742:selective enforcement 695: 680: 515:conventional medicine 417: 357: 286: 268:Routt National Forest 3887:Front Porch Republic 3877:Ecological footprint 3697:Modern-day adherents 3044:Tallahassee Democrat 2981:Tallahassee Democrat 2957:. Tribune Newspapers 2733:, November 19, 2013. 2065:The Lewiston Tribune 1687:Deloria, Philip J., 1375:KEVN Black Hills Fox 1339:Estes, Nick; et al " 896:Joseph Paul Franklin 872:In 2015, a group of 650:Dallas, Pennsylvania 519:alternative medicine 458:Water and sanitation 121:1960s counterculture 3954:Work–life interface 3837:Anarcho-primitivism 3678:Henry David Thoreau 3562:Open Source Ecology 2897:on 7 September 2011 2844:. October 17, 2011. 2826:. October 10, 2011. 2620:, pp. 134–137. 2549:Casper Star-Tribune 2386:on January 31, 2008 2097:, August 11, 2014. 1992:, pp. 200–204. 1444:on 3 September 2011 1232:, pp. 149–155. 1045:Ticino, Switzerland 1035:European gatherings 900:The Rainbow Murders 573:conflict resolution 504:medical emergencies 410:Gathering logistics 219:Northern California 3912:Intentional living 3798:Small Is Beautiful 3673:George Skene Keith 3521:Tolstoyan movement 3420:War tax resistance 3400:Sustainable living 3061:Apalachicola Times 3055:David Adlerstein, 2998:Apalachicola Times 2992:David Adlerstein, 2806:. August 10, 2011. 2694:The Rainbow People 2283:The New York Times 2235:The New York Times 1819:, pp. 33, 40. 1752:2015-07-05 at the 1728:2016-03-03 at the 1346:2016-03-03 at the 1029: 760:U.S. Federal Judge 687: 545:coordinating with 539:massage therapists 434:Camps and kitchens 420: 360: 289: 129:utopian traditions 101:Rainbow Gatherings 82:National Grassland 78:US National Forest 60:Annually, July 1–7 3962: 3961: 3922:Rainbow Gathering 3791:The Power of Half 3784:Mother Earth News 3603:Ernest Callenbach 3535:Secular movements 3046:, March 18, 2015. 3029:, March 13, 2015. 3000:, March 11, 2015. 2823:Los Angeles Times 2742:Maurice Posley, " 2716:, April 19, 1992. 2574:rainbowguide.info 2440:on March 21, 2012 2285:. October 5, 2008 2237:. October 5, 2008 2161:on March 4, 2016. 2114:, Sept. 24, 2014. 2112:Salt Lake Tribune 2095:Salt Lake Tribune 1909:. August 15, 2018 1697:978-0-300-08067-4 1662:, pp. 42–43. 1583:"Welcomehere.org" 1435:KGW News Portland 1325:, pp. 31–35. 1021: 1020: 1013: 758:, was written by 631:COVID-19 pandemic 617:environmentalists 579:("peace army" in 561:radio frequencies 547:Registered Nurses 398:and many others. 324:Consensus process 279:Non-commercialism 223:Pacific Northwest 98: 97: 24:Rainbow Gathering 4012: 3862:Critique of work 3842:Anti-consumerism 3709:Robin Greenfield 3668:E. F. Schumacher 3608:G. K. Chesterton 3542:Back-to-the-land 3380:Self-sufficiency 3320:Forest gardening 3269: 3262: 3255: 3246: 3245: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3188: 3182: 3181: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3142:, archived from 3132: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3098:. 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Archived from 1579: 1570: 1564: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1547:The Colorado Sun 1538: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1512: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1469:Associated Press 1460: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1443: 1426: 1420: 1414: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1391: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1381: 1366: 1357: 1337: 1326: 1320: 1305: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1285: 1276: 1275: 1274: 1272: 1266:Orlando Sentinel 1257: 1248: 1242: 1233: 1227: 1218: 1217: 1208: 1202: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1182: 1173: 1167: 1161: 1160: 1125: 1119: 1118: 1116: 1114: 1100: 1085:British Columbia 1081:Vancouver Island 1066:World gatherings 1016: 1009: 1005: 1002: 996: 978: 970: 917:Washington state 879:misappropriation 263:, in July 2021. 246:Granby, Colorado 238:Northwest region 33: 21: 20: 4022: 4021: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4010: 4009: 3985:Hippie movement 3965: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3892:Green anarchism 3810: 3743: 3692: 3591:Notable writers 3586: 3582:Transition town 3530: 3486:New Monasticism 3429: 3278: 3273: 3243: 3230: 3228: 3216: 3214:Further reading 3211: 3201: 3199: 3189: 3185: 3173: 3172: 3168: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3146:on June 8, 2009 3134: 3133: 3129: 3119: 3117: 3107: 3103: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3080:. 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543:naturopaths 488:shigellosis 479:Human waste 169:bohemianism 106:consumerism 65:Inaugurated 3969:Categories 3882:Food miles 3832:Amateurism 3724:Jim Merkel 3704:Mark Boyle 3658:Nick Rosen 3577:Tiny house 3511:Temperance 3456:Detachment 3451:Asceticism 3446:Aparigraha 3325:Freeganism 3310:Dry toilet 2660:"Fakelore" 2618:Niman 1997 2599:Niman 1997 2518:High Times 2367:Niman 1997 2345:0967756839 2038:Niman 1997 2026:Niman 1997 2014:Niman 1997 2002:Niman 1997 1841:Niman 1997 1829:Niman 1997 1817:Niman 1997 1778:Niman 1997 1766:Niman 1997 1660:Niman 1997 1567:Niman 1997 1417:Niman 1997 1323:Niman 1997 1245:Niman 1997 1230:Niman 1997 1170:Niman 1997 1091:References 531:herbalists 527:physicians 521:, such as 508:sanitation 475:Sanitation 452:vegetarian 167:impulses, 155:Background 114:mass media 110:capitalism 73:Next event 3929:Itinerant 3822:Affluenza 3506:Rastafari 3471:Mendicant 3355:No frills 3330:Frugality 3300:DIY ethic 3283:Practices 3027:Inquisitr 2804:KATU News 2498:April 15, 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