586:, the largest university in Sri Lanka, anti-ragging movement emerged in the year 1996. Prior to that, there was no movement against ragging, but certain individuals managed escape from the ragging. In the meantime, anti-ragging movements started to appear in all other universities. Several faculties in several universities have become rag-free due to these movements, strengthened laws as well as practical difficulties in conducting ragging such as not providing accommodation facilities to the first-year students. Internal clashes have erupted several times due to the friction between ragging and anti-ragging movements, best example being Samantha Vithanage, a third-year management student at the
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brutal or contemptuous treatment to any party by another as a violation of human rights. University students are also considered as citizens and are subjugated to the Common Law that prevails in the country. Accordingly, the constitutional constrains specified above are equally applicable to university students. Any form of civil or criminal offence executed by them are liable to be punished and in an instance of violation of such rights committed by university students, they shall be produced before the relevant court and subject to suitable punishment that followed by the trial. After the series of ragging-related incidents happened in 1997,
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institutes are at a minimum as compared to government universities which has prompted many students with financial means to enroll in private establishments. Ragging is not merely a sociolegal problem and has a certain psychological basis too. Many senior students state they do not wish to rag juniors but succumb to peer pressure. On the other hand, although some new students or freshers enjoyed being ragged by their seniors, other students despised it. Following their ragging they did not even wish to talk to the senior students who subjected them to "inhumane mental and physical torture".
150:(F.I.R.) with police against the culprits if any violence, physical abuse, sexual harassment, confinement etc. takes place with any fresher. After receiving any such complaint from the helpline, it becomes the duty of the head of the institution to register the F.I.R. with police within 24 hours. In 2013, a police case was registered against the director, dean and registrar of a reputed college in Delhi for, among other charges, not informing the police and registering F.I.R. within 24 hours of receiving the ragging complaint. (failing to inform a public authority, IPC 176).
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332:(UGC) passed UGC regulation on curbing ragging in higher educational institutions. These regulation mandate every college responsibilities to curb ragging, including strict pre-emptive measures, like lodging freshers in a separate hostel, surprise raids at night by the anti-ragging squad and submission of affidavits by all senior students and their parents taking oath not to indulge in ragging.
501:, Rupa Rathnaseeli became paralyzed as a result of jumping from the second floor of the hostel Ramanathan Hall to escape the physical ragging carried out by her seniors. It was reported that she was about to be sexually penetrated by a foreign object as part of the ragging initiation – she jumped out of the hostel building to escape the abuse. Rupa Rathnaseeli committed suicide in 2002.
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national level, ragging is currently defined as: "Any act of physical or mental abuse (including bullying and exclusion) targeted at another student (fresher or otherwise) on the ground of colour, race, religion, caste, ethnicity, gender , appearance, nationality, regional origins, linguistic identity, place of birth, place of residence or economic background."
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complaints were registered in this period. In its defence, the helpline said that most of the calls it received were of inquiry in nature, of the eager students to know whether the helpline number worked or not. Some students changed their minds midway not to register the complaint. It also said that many of the calls were hoaxes as it was a toll-free number.
521:, a third-year management student at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, who pioneered an anti-ragging campaign, was killed at a meeting while in a discussion on ragging after being surrounded by a mob of 200, being struck with shards of glass, & then having a computer monitor dropped on his head— resulting in his death 2 days later.
594:, stressed that firm action will be taken against those who are found guilty of such activities in future and would be expelled from the university. In December 2011, he claimed that the levels of ragging has gone down drastically in the recent times and "only Peradeniya and Ruhuna are still affected by this 'malaise
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suspending the accused student(s) and conducting investigations into the allegations. The act also holds institutions accountable if they fail to act according to the prescribed procedures. Under
Section 7 of the Act, the head of the institution who fails or neglects to properly investigate such allegations :
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era. Sri Lankan soldiers returning from war re-entered the college educational system and brought with them the tradition and techniques of military style ragging. These techniques were used in the military as a mechanism of breaking down an individual so that success was achieved through team effort
217:"Whoever directly or indirectly commits, participates in, abets or propagates ragging within or outside any educational institution shall, on conviction, be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years and shall also be liable to a fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees."
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In 2022, Nuwan
Lakshitha Devasurendra a 24-year-old student of the University of Peradeniya committed suicide. According to the police, the student committed suicide by jumping off the Peradeniya Bridge into Mahaweli River, was found near Hakkinda Islands (2km from the bridge). A postmortem has yet
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Ragging continues in most government universities and several private institutions with some efforts being made to contain the problem although there is hesitation from administrations to get involved. These efforts have been largely hindered by students themselves who consider ragging as a rite of
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Students who have been convicted under this act may also be dismissed from their educational institution and barred from enrolling in any other educational institution for five years. Additionally, the act outlines a procedure for educational institutions to handle accusations of ragging, including
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The database of the Anti-Ragging
Helpline indicates that it has been to an extent successful in ensuring a safer environment in colleges from where it registered the complaints. In many cases, it forwarded the complaint to the University Grants Commission (UGC) for an action against those colleges
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India's
National Anti-Ragging Helpline started working in June 2009 to help students in distress due to ragging. It can be reached through email and a 24-hour toll-free number. Provision for anonymous complaints was considered of utmost important at the time of establishment of the helpline, since
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In 2014, the body of a student, D. K. Nishantha, was found hanging from a tree within the premises of the
University of Peradeniya, in a shrubbery area located not far from the Marcus Fernando Boys' Hostel. According to police reports, the young man had been a witness to the sexual assault of his
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Ragging has been frequently associated with a broad spectrum of physical, behavioral, emotional and social problems among victims and is attributed to the increased risk of suicide and drop-outs among students attending Sri Lankan universities. Ragging at private universities and higher education
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Following a
Supreme Court order, a National Anti-Ragging Helpline was created to help the victims and take action in cases of ragging, by informing the head of the institution and the local police authorities of the ragging complaint from the college. The main feature of the helpline is that the
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which is the supreme law in the country. According to this
Constitution, any citizen can produce a petition to the Supreme Court in terms of the article 126 of the Constitution in case of a human right violation or a case closer to the infringement. The Constitution further highlights ruthless,
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Display of disorderly conduct, doing of any act which causes or is likely to cause physical or psychological harm or raise apprehension or fear or shame or embarrassment to a student in any educational institution and includes— (i) teasing, abusing, threatening or playing practical jokes on, or
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Several highly reputed Indian colleges, especially medical ones have a history of ragging. Sometimes it is even considered to be a college tradition. It has become increasingly unpopular due to several complaints of serious injury to the victims and stringent laws pertaining to ragging. At the
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The definition of ragging is updated to read: "Any act of physical or mental abuse (including bullying and exclusion) targeted at another student (fresher or otherwise) on the ground of colour, race, religion, caste, ethnicity, gender (including transgender), sexual orientation, appearance,
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A major concern that was highlighted against the helpline was that it registered a minuscule percentage (0.1%) of the total phone calls it received. Specifically, the toll-free helpline (1800-180-5522) received 165,297 calls in the three months of
November 2012 to January 2013, but only 190
490:'s Government to appoint V. W. Kularatne Commission to probe the incident. As a result, 12 undergraduates were expelled and four officials were penalized for their failure to take appropriate action. This was the first major step taken against university ragging by a Sri Lankan government.
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Traditionally, ragging would entail seniors mocking or jeering at freshers within a dedicated period of time – usually the first few months of an undergraduate's university life. This period is known as the 'ragging period'. In Sri Lanka, several variations of ragging can be observed.
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the victim after making the complaint remains with or close to the culprits, away from a fully secure environment. Since many ragging deaths, like Aman
Kachroo's, occurred due to seniors taking a revenge of the complaint made, anonymous complaints were equally allowed at the helpline.
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in
Portugal, and other similar practices in educational institutions across the world. Ragging involves abuse, humiliation, or harassment of new entrants or junior students by the senior students. It often takes a malignant form wherein the newcomers may be subjected to
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The Indian media ha Ins exposed ragging incidents and the indifference of many concerned institutions towards curbing the act. The Supreme Court of India has directed, in its interim judgement, that action may be taken against negligent institutions.
582:, there is no official anti-ragging movement in Sri Lanka. But with the situation of ragging worsening yearly, there is a spontaneously emerging anti-ragging movement in each and every faculty of the universities that ragging exists. In the case of
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friend which took place in 2010, perpetrated by several other students residing in the dorm. Police stated that D. K. Nishantha had not attended the university since the time of the alleged sex abuse case. The death was later ruled a suicide.
93:’s anti-ragging cell data, 511 complaints of ragging were registered in India in 2021. Inaction and underreporting were cited as major causes of encouraging ragging. Medical colleges lead in ragging complaints, with most from the states of
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With the situation of ragging worsening yearly, there is emerging a spontaneous anti-ragging movement in India. Several voluntary organisations have emerged, who conduct drives for public awareness and arrange for support to victims.
278:’s College of Engineering, was arrested and charged under Section 7 of the Act, for failing to investigate and neglecting his duties under the law, in a case involving three students who had been accused of ragging the previous year.
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where he was subjected to physical ragging and then received a transfer to the University of Moratuwa. Unfortunately the ragging at the University of Moratuwa was more severe and he could no longer tolerate the ragging and committed
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from educational institutions. The Act specifies the relevant Higher Educational Institutions coming under the Act and that includes all the Higher Educational Institutions established under the Universities Act No. 16 of 1978.
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rather than personal goals or motivation. As fewer military persons entered the universities, ragging devolved into a violent and hazardous exercise that has been largely utilized for political purposes and thuggery.
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with the police in any instance of a complaint of ragging. This would ensure that all cases would be formally investigated under the criminal justice system, and not by the academic institutions' own ad-hoc bodies.
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In 1997, Kelum Thushara Wijetunge, a first-year student at the Hardy Technical institute in Ampara, died from kidney failure after he was forced to do tough exercises and drink excessive quantities of liquor.
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The Indian Supreme Court has taken a strong stand to prevent ragging. In 2006, the court directed the H.R.D. Ministry of the Govt. of India to form a panel which will suggest guidelines to control ragging.
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268:
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263:. The charge-sheet filed by the Mumbai Police alleges that the ragging in this case consisted of harassment, humiliation, and discrimination, which directly led to her suicide. Since 2018, at the
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360:(CURE), Stopragging, No Ragging Foundation became the major anti-ragging groups on the Internet. Among them, the No Ragging Foundation has transformed into a complete NGO and got registered as
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In 2007, the Supreme Court directed that all the higher educational institutions should include information about all the ragging incidents in their brochures/prospectus of admission.
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267:, the university which supervises the Topiwala National Medical College where Payal Tadvi studied, six of seven accusations of ragging could not proven. In 2010, 18 students at the
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Ragging in India commonly involves serious abuses and clear violations of human rights. Often media reports and others unearth that it goes on, in many institutions, in the infamous
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Welcoming the Supreme Court's judgment on ragging, Dr. Raghavan said, "there are finally signs that the recommendations to prevent ragging in colleges will be taken seriously".
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to recommend anti-ragging measures. The Raghavan Committee report, submitted to the court in May 2007, includes a proposal to include ragging as a special section under the
285:, there were calls to strengthen the anti-ragging laws to check anti-caste bias. The law itself does not mention caste-based discrimination or other specific forms of bias.
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was passed in the Sri Lankan parliament. As specified in the detailed note of the Act, it is identified as an Act to eliminate ragging and other forms of violent and cruel
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The objective of the act is to create a framework to establish ragging as a criminal act, and lay out possible punishments under the law. Section 4 of the Act states:
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passage. The creation of 'safe spaces' and travelling in larger groups are just some techniques employed by a growing movement of students trying to combat ragging.
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causing hurt to, such student ; or (ii) asking a student to do any act or perform something which such student will not, in the ordinary course, willingly, do.
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511:, died from kidney failure following severe ragging by senior students. The main accused Balendran Prasad Sadeeskaran fled and was sentenced to death in absentia.
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Prasanga Niroshana, a student from Hakmana, died as a result of undisclosed injuries he sustained from ragging at the School of Agriculture, Angunakolapallassa.
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309:. The Supreme Court of India interim order (based on the recommendations) dated 16 May 2007 makes it obligatory for academic institutions to file official
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In other words, the school principal, chancellor, or other head faces the same punishment as a student who has been accused and convicted under this law.
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590:, who pioneered an anti-ragging campaign that was killed at a meeting while in a discussion about ragging. The higher education minister at the time,
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In 2019, Dilhan Wijesinghe a 23-year-old student of the University of Moratuwa committed suicide due to ragging. He was previously studying in the
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960:
831:
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There is no record to suggest that ragging is an indigenous phenomenon or was present in the ancient Sri Lankan educational institutions such as
1982:
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The Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD), following a directive by the Supreme Court, appointed a seven-member panel headed by former
2097:
1341:
1272:
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1921:"Update : Sabaragamuwa Uni. student writes before committing suicide not to allow any fellow students to participate in her funeral"
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130:(SAVE) has supported that ragging is also widely and dangerously prevalent in engineering and other institutions, mainly in the hostels.
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357:
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first passed laws related to ragging. Subsequently, a major boost to anti-ragging efforts was given by a landmark judgement of the
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2015:
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127:
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528:, resigned from his post as a result of students failing to comply with his orders to eliminate ragging from the university.
233:"shall be deemed to have abetted the offense of ragging and shall, on conviction, be punished as provided for in section 4",
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A report from 2007 highlights 42 instances of physical injury, and reports on ten deaths purportedly the result of ragging.
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729:
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90:
72:
1938:
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1782:"Engineering faculty student's murder in 1997 following severe ragging: Appeal Court upholds death sentence for convict"
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In 2015, a 23-year-old student of the Sabaragamuwa University, Amali Chathurika committed suicide due to ragging
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nationality, regional origins, linguistic identity, place of birth, place of residence or economic background."
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in May 2001, in response to a Public Interest Litigation filed by the Vishwa Jagriti Mission founded by
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Following Supreme Court orders, a National Anti-Ragging Helpline was launched by the Indian government.
2423:
1640:
1522:
842:
756:"Sleep Deprivation, Slapping, Miming Sexual Acts: Inside The Murky World Of Ragging In Indian Colleges"
76:
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2368:
2030:"Prohibition Of Ragging And Other Forms Of Violence In Educational Institutions Act (No. 20 of 1998)"
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enacted the Maharashtra Prohibition of Ragging Act, 1999 to prohibit ragging which it defines as the:
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Prohibition of Ragging and Other Forms of Violence in Educational Institutions Act, No. 20 of 1998
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It is no longer required to get the verification of the affidavit done by an oath commissioner.
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487:
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1393:"UGC Regulations on Curbing the Menace of Ragging in Higher Educational Institutions, 2009"
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2007:
1323:
1113:"Payal Tadvi suicide case: Accused doctors granted bail by Bombay HC on strict conditions"
722:
255:, in which three senior medical students were charged under this act as well as under the
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of India imposed regulations upon Indian universities to help curb ragging and launched a
8:
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807:"Understanding ragging: Ahead of the academic season, a look at the problem, its impact"
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700:. Kolkata: Jadavpur University, School of Education Technology. 22 Jul 2010. p. 3
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591:
448:
306:
364:(SAVE) which is India's first registered anti-ragging nonprofit organisation (NGO).
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2325:
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2211:
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1492:
1000:"Naveen Kujur ragging: Case against SPA for negligence and tampering with evidence"
650:"Stripped of dignity: PU freshmen forced to bear brunt of shameful ragging rituals"
68:
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reported the first ragging-related death when a 22-year-old female student of the
2393:
2310:
1857:
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1729:
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1983:"Sri Lanka Peradeniya University student suicide puts spotlight back on ragging"
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909:"Ragging in India: Incidents, Social Perceptions and Psychological Perspectives"
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1173:"Payal Tadvi Case: Chargesheet Reveals Months of Humiliation, Discrimination"
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It was applied in 2013, and resulted in the suspension of six students from
86:. Unlike various complex forms of bullying, ragging is easily recognisable.
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2315:
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2295:
2265:
1656:"Ragging in the University: A Problem in the Higher Education Institutions"
617:
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Subsequently, UGC has made few amendments to the Regulation. As per these,
180:
1302:. Human Resource Development Ministry, Government of India. Archived from
805:
Sen, Amit; Rao, Mohan; Seshadri, Shekhar; Sonpar, Shobna (2 August 2017).
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The human rights of citizens of Sri Lanka are protected in terms of the
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408: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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120:
23:
890:"Anti Ragging | Ragging in college | Anti Ragging Affidavit"
676:. Society Against Violence in Education. February 2008. Archived from
257:
Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act
1663:
Proceedings of the Annual Research Sessions, University of Peradeniya
1371:
1277:
437:
251:
in Mumbai. The most notable case in which it has been applied is the
35:
1825:"Ragging in our universities: A symptom or a disease? – Groundviews"
1762:
1248:"Maharashtra govt to strengthen anti-ragging laws, check caste bias"
1040:"Anti-ragging helpline: 1.6 lakh dialled, but only 1,400 complained"
383:
146:
As per UGC regulations, it is mandatory for a college to register a
2320:
2169:
889:
607:
288:
83:
49:
31:
695:"Faculty Council of Engineering & Technology Application Form"
451:. It is widely considered to have been introduced during the post-
2270:
1556:
1554:
1540:
133:
43:
1840:"JVP-inspired violence leads to crackdown on Sri Lanka campuses"
2388:
1896:"Peradiniya student suicide: Shocking new information revealed"
1429:"University Grants commission ::Ragging Related Circulars"
951:"All four accused held guilty of ragging Aman Kachroo to death"
832:"Part III-Section 4: University Grants Commission Notification"
780:"Ragging can demolish a student - both mentally and physically"
612:
507:
In 1997, 21-year-old S. Varapragash, an engineering student of
186:
39:
1551:
558:
Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
2143:
579:
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In 1974, ragging of trainee mathematics teachers at the then
57:
27:
1872:"Video : UPDATE: Death of Peradeniya student a suicide"
524:
In 2006, Prof. Chandima Wijebandara, the vice-chancellor of
1018:"UGC cell ignores complaints on ragging, registers just 1%"
1641:"Anti- Ragging Bill will be strengthen - Wishwa Warnapala"
2418:
2112:
1515:"Taut rein on ragging- Campaign at Counselling Session"
154:
which refused to take any action against the culprits.
271:
were arrested and charged with ragging under the Act.
26:
ritual" practiced in higher education institutions in
2057:
486:(now University of Kelaniya) prompted Prime Minister
1070:"CURE: Laws -- The Supreme Court of India Judgement"
804:
328:In 2009, in the wake of Aman Kachroo's death, the
16:Existing students baiting or bullying new students
1281:. Chennai, India. 7 November 2006. Archived from
1089:"College suspends medical students for 'ragging'"
620:, a Russian practice similar to hazing or ragging
347:
2491:
289:Central Government and Supreme Court Legislation
1716:
1324:"Honbl. Supreme Court interim order on Ragging"
1197:"18 ragging accused face expulsion from hostel"
1062:
939:. Society Against Violence in Education (SAVE).
710:Approach of jadavpur university towards ragging
1837:
1223:"MIT principal charged for neglecting ragging"
134:Anti-Ragging Helpline and anonymous complaints
2128:
2103:Indian Government launch Anti Ragging website
1858:"A discussion with Prof.Chandima Wijebandara"
1742:"Campus hall stormed: academics held hostage"
1537:"Business student alleges ragging, 'blinded'"
906:
663:
1348:. Chennai, India. 9 May 2009. Archived from
1318:
1316:
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237:Maharashtra Prohibition of Ragging Act, 1999
220:Maharashtra Prohibition of Ragging Act, 1999
203:Maharashtra Prohibition of Ragging Act, 1999
187:Maharashtra Prohibition of Ragging Act, 1999
55:
47:
274:In 2015, L.K. Kshirsagar, principle of the
2135:
2121:
2058:Abeyratne, Dharma Sri (16 December 2011).
1566:Coalition to Uproot Ragging from Education
1297:"Raghavan Committee Recommendation Report"
916:Coalition to Uproot Ragging from Education
907:Harsh Agarwal; et al. (16 May 2007).
629:List of hazing deaths in the United States
358:Coalition to Uproot Ragging from Education
242:(Maharashtra Act XXXIII). 1999. p. 3.
225:(Maharashtra Act XXXIII). 1999. p. 2.
208:(Maharashtra Act XXXIII). 1999. p. 2.
139:complaints can be registered anonymously.
1838:Wickramasinghe, Nanda (2 December 2002).
1313:
1141:"What does State's anti-ragging Act say?"
1134:
1132:
1087:Karlikar, Nishikant (30 September 2013).
841:. 29 June 2016. p. 2. Archived from
424:Learn how and when to remove this message
265:Maharashtra University of Health Sciences
1654:Jayasena, P.H.A.N.S. (30 October 2002).
1653:
1273:"Court: form panel to look into ragging"
1086:
929:
573:
2008:"Legal framework on university ragging"
1939:"Hounded to death by campus tormentors"
467:
2492:
2379:Complex post-traumatic stress disorder
2051:
1607:Indiscipline in Sri Lanka universities
1596:from the original on 14 November 2009.
1220:
1138:
1129:
753:
323:
2116:
900:
884:
882:
362:Society Against Violence in Education
128:Society Against Violence in Education
1473:. www.no2ragging.org. 1 January 1980
857:
855:
730:University Grants Commission (India)
647:
406:adding citations to reliable sources
377:
91:University Grants Commission (India)
22:is the term used for the so-called "
1072:. 27 September 2007. Archived from
980:. UGC. 12 October 2009. See Point 7
276:Maharashtra Institute of Technology
13:
2060:"Ragging in its death throes - SB"
2018:from the original on 15 June 2009.
1221:Chavan, Vijay (7 September 2015).
879:
551:
476:
14:
2531:
2086:
1619:"Ragging and 'teaching sessions'"
852:
754:Tiwari, Anil Kumar (2022-09-14).
588:University of Sri Jayewardenepura
526:University of Sri Jayewardenepura
1562:"Ragging: History and Evolution"
742:Section 1.3(j) Anti-Ragging Cell
382:
261:Information Technology Act, 2000
123:style, and on innocent victims.
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2000:
1975:
1949:
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1543:. 12 April 2009. Archived from
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967:
943:
567:inhuman and degrading treatment
436:Ragging is widely prevalent in
393:needs additional citations for
373:
1342:"R. K. Raghavan hails verdict"
824:
798:
772:
747:
715:
641:
348:Anti-ragging movement in India
166:
157:
126:However, the Anti-Ragging NGO
1:
2160:Adverse childhood experiences
1703:"V. W. Kularatne - J.P. U.M."
1521:. 2 July 2007. Archived from
975:"UGC Anti-Ragging Regulation"
634:
38:. The practice is similar to
1447:"Anti-ragging 3rd amendment"
1139:Shelar, Jyoti (2019-05-31).
330:University Grants Commission
249:Rajiv Gandhi Medical College
73:University Grants Commission
7:
1589:Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka)
937:"The Terror Called Ragging"
648:Omer, Shahab (2023-02-01).
601:
104:
10:
2536:
1681:"Death of V. W. Kularatne"
1493:"Independent Media Center"
2369:Abusive power and control
2351:
2150:
2142:
1708:(Opinion). Archived from
1584:"Stop murder by ragging!"
723:"Annual Report 2010-2011"
311:First Information Reports
193:Government of Maharashtra
79:'anti-ragging helpline'.
2444:Psychological projection
2306:Referee and umpire abuse
2098:Ragging in India- Menace
1957:"Undergrad's body found"
1807:"A total ban on ragging"
584:University of Peradeniya
509:University of Peradeniya
495:University of Peradeniya
281:In June 2019, after the
148:first information report
1763:Death of S. Varapragash
1723:Ragging – My Experience
484:Vidyalankara University
269:Seth GS Medical College
82:Ragging is a subset of
1328:Supreme Court of India
499:Faculty of Agriculture
283:suicide of Payal Tadvi
253:Suicide of Payal Tadvi
228:
211:
177:Supreme Court of India
171:In 1997, the state of
71:torture. In 2009, the
56:
48:
2414:Just-world hypothesis
2165:Anti-social behaviour
2093:Ragging in Bangladesh
2047:Ragging To Be Whipped
925:on 27 September 2007.
574:Anti-ragging movement
488:Sirimavo Bandaranaike
215:
197:
2449:Psychological trauma
1691:on 20 November 2002.
1539:. New Delhi, India:
1409:on 20 September 2010
848:on 29 November 2021.
839:The Gazette of India
683:on 16 February 2012.
540:University of Jaffna
468:Adverse consequences
402:improve this article
2359:Abusive supervision
2286:Psychological abuse
2261:Institutional abuse
1827:. 30 November 2009.
1712:on 22 October 2012.
1517:. Calcutta, India:
356:Online groups like
324:2009 UGC Regulation
181:Sudhanshu Ji Mahara
2439:Playing the victim
2331:Surveillance abuse
2281:Professional abuse
2202:Cruelty to animals
1963:. 1 September 2022
1786:www.dailymirror.lk
1768:2009-02-28 at the
1728:2013-12-17 at the
1547:on 10 August 2014.
1525:on August 3, 2008.
1285:on 1 October 2007.
1093:The Times of India
1050:on 12 October 2012
1022:The Times of India
956:The Times of India
811:The Indian Express
519:Samantha Vithanage
42:in North America,
2487:
2486:
2464:Traumatic bonding
2070:on 9 January 2012
2034:www.commonlii.org
1752:on 17 April 2003.
592:S. B. Dissanayake
547:to be performed.
449:Abhayagiri Vihara
434:
433:
426:
307:Indian Penal Code
2527:
2510:Education issues
2326:Structural abuse
2301:Police brutality
2207:Disability abuse
2137:
2130:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2066:. Archived from
2055:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1943:The Sunday Times
1935:
1929:
1928:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1892:
1886:
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1882:
1868:
1862:
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1854:
1848:
1847:
1835:
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1821:
1815:
1814:
1811:The Sunday Times
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1778:
1772:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1748:. Archived from
1738:
1732:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1687:. Archived from
1677:
1671:
1670:
1660:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1629:on 14 July 2009.
1625:. Archived from
1615:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1572:on 18 June 2009.
1568:. Archived from
1558:
1549:
1548:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1489:
1483:
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1457:
1451:
1443:
1437:
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1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1408:
1402:. Archived from
1397:
1389:
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1368:
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1361:
1359:
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1338:
1332:
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1103:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1046:. Archived from
1036:
1030:
1029:
1024:. Archived from
1014:
1008:
1007:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
979:
971:
965:
964:
959:. Archived from
947:
941:
940:
933:
927:
926:
924:
918:. Archived from
913:
904:
898:
897:
886:
877:
876:
874:
873:
868:. antiragging.in
867:
859:
850:
849:
847:
836:
828:
822:
821:
819:
817:
802:
796:
795:
793:
791:
786:. 21 August 2019
776:
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2490:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2459:Rationalization
2394:Destabilisation
2347:
2311:Religious abuse
2146:
2141:
2089:
2084:
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2073:
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2056:
2052:
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2028:
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2023:
2012:Sunday Observer
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1779:
1775:
1770:Wayback Machine
1761:
1757:
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1735:
1730:Wayback Machine
1721:
1717:
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1696:
1679:
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1643:. 12 July 2023.
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1512:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1495:. Indymedia.org
1491:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1471:"SAVE Homepage"
1469:
1468:
1464:
1455:
1453:
1452:. www.ugc.ac.in
1449:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1427:
1426:
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1374:
1372:"Untitled Page"
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1201:Hindustan Times
1195:
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552:Legal framework
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477:Major incidents
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2476:
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2469:Victim blaming
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2411:
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2399:Discrimination
2396:
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2384:Dehumanization
2381:
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2374:Child grooming
2371:
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2364:Abuse of power
2361:
2355:
2353:
2352:Related topics
2349:
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2345:
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2303:
2298:
2293:
2291:Physical abuse
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2268:
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2258:
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2248:
2243:
2238:
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2219:Domestic abuse
2216:
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2212:military draft
2204:
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2156:
2154:
2148:
2147:
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2132:
2125:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:Ragging in USA
2105:
2100:
2095:
2088:
2087:External links
2085:
2082:
2081:
2050:
2039:
2021:
1999:
1974:
1948:
1930:
1912:
1900:Sri Lanka News
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1484:
1462:
1438:
1420:
1400:www.iitr.ac.in
1384:
1363:
1352:on 11 May 2009
1333:
1312:
1309:on 2007-09-27.
1288:
1264:
1239:
1213:
1188:
1164:
1128:
1104:
1079:
1076:on 2007-09-27.
1061:
1031:
1028:on 2013-02-21.
1009:
1004:Indian Express
991:
966:
963:on 2013-07-08.
942:
928:
899:
894:antiragging.in
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303:R. K. Raghavan
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99:Madhya Pradesh
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2474:Victimisation
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1519:The Telegraph
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1433:www.ugc.ac.in
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541:
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493:In 1975, the
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465:
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457:
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428:
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414:December 2017
407:
403:
397:
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391:This section
389:
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301:director Dr.
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262:
258:
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196:
194:
191:In 1999, the
184:
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151:
149:
144:
140:
131:
129:
124:
122:
117:
114:
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102:
100:
96:
95:Uttar Pradesh
92:
89:According to
87:
85:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
65:psychological
60:
59:
52:
51:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2515:Youth rights
2429:Minimisation
2424:Manipulation
2404:Exaggeration
2340:
2336:Verbal abuse
2316:Sexual abuse
2296:Social abuse
2266:Intimidation
2072:. Retrieved
2068:the original
2063:
2053:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2011:
2002:
1991:. Retrieved
1989:. 2022-09-22
1986:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1960:
1951:
1945:. Sri Lanka.
1942:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1904:. Retrieved
1902:. 2014-02-11
1899:
1890:
1879:. Retrieved
1875:
1866:
1852:
1844:www.wsws.org
1843:
1833:
1819:
1813:. Sri Lanka.
1810:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:
1776:
1758:
1750:the original
1745:
1736:
1718:
1710:the original
1705:
1697:
1689:the original
1684:
1675:
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1662:
1649:
1635:
1627:the original
1622:
1613:
1602:
1587:
1578:
1570:the original
1545:the original
1531:
1523:the original
1509:
1497:. Retrieved
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1465:
1454:. Retrieved
1441:
1432:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1404:the original
1399:
1387:
1378:
1366:
1354:. Retrieved
1350:the original
1345:
1336:
1304:the original
1291:
1283:the original
1276:
1267:
1256:. Retrieved
1254:. 2019-06-19
1251:
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1226:
1216:
1205:. Retrieved
1203:. 2010-01-05
1200:
1191:
1180:. Retrieved
1176:
1167:
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2224:Elder abuse
2175:Child abuse
1987:EconomyNext
1967:1 September
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1227:Pune Mirror
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1623:Daily News
1456:2020-04-07
1413:13 January
1258:2020-04-20
1207:2020-04-20
1182:2020-04-20
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1098:2020-04-20
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872:2020-04-07
863:"Infopack"
765:2022-09-15
760:Article 14
635:References
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121:Abu Ghraib
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