395:"samara" (meaning "black") constituting the most typical insults. The EIPR attributes the violence and abuse to both a lack of government efforts at disseminating information, raising awareness and dispelling myths with regard to the economic contributions made by the newcomers, and stereotyping on the part of the Egyptian media. Black women are also targets of sexual harassment. As a remedy, the EIPR recommends that the Egyptian government "should intensify and accelerate efforts to combat racist xenophobic views towards migrant workers, especially those of Black African origin, and to promote awareness of their positive contribution to society. The government should train all personnel working in the field of criminal justice and law enforcement officials in the spirit of respect for human rights and non-discrimination on ethnic or racial grounds."
3103:
24:
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during the bombings of
Halabja in northern Iraq. "The Kurds, a non-Arab people whose language belongs to the Iranian group, have suffered from persecution under the Baath of Iraq and Syria, especially since the departure of British and French forces in the late 1940s." (Kurds are also claiming rights
608:
In
Algeria victims of racism include Sub-Saharan immigrants who suffer daily from verbal attacks and other forms of discrimination. Many Sub-Saharan immigrants find themselves on the street due to lack of public resources. The homeless immigrants often quote the Quran in an effort to appeal to the
252:
Contrary to many present-day stereotypes of early Islam, throughout much of the seventh and early eighth centuries, admission into the umma was reserved exclusively for Arabs. Religious conversion was predicated on ethnic conversion. For a non-Arab to become Muslim, that individual first
394:
According to the
Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR), Black African immigrants to Egypt often face physical violence and verbal abuse at the hands of the general public and law enforcement officials. Refugees from Sudan are especially targeted, with racial slurs like "oonga boonga" and
609:
country's Muslim unity and divert attention from their race. On the world stage the country has declared that members of its national football team must undergo a stricter selection process if they possess dual citizenship to ensure their loyalty to the country.
253:
had to gain membership in an Arab tribe by becoming the mawlā (client) of an Arab sponsor. From a seventh-century
Islamic perspective, ethnicity and religion were not independent variables. All Muslims were Arabs, and ideally all Arabs were Muslims.
299:. In the decade and a half after the Ba'ath party came to power, up to 200,000 Feyli Kurds were expelled from Iraq. In claiming to be "defenders of Arabism", Halliday asserts the Ba'ath promoted a myth of Persian migrants and communities in the
386:
stopped playing football for some time due to racist slurs by rival
Egyptian fans during a game. A group was shouting out "Shikabala" while pointing a black dog wearing the number 10, which was Zamalek football shirt.
319:, in a statement made in testimony before the Congress of the United States, "It is fair to say that the Mauritanian government practices undeclared apartheid and severely discriminates on the basis of race."
1257:
597:, including the 2000 anti-African racist violence. They have reported facing racism in the country, with one witness reporting being called a "slave" and "animal." From the start of
499:
activists have also expressed that "Arabism is racism, pure and simple." There was Sheikh
Mustafa al-Maraghi, who in a famous 1938 essay dismissed the goal of Arab unity as racist.
517:
Minister of
Defense and Finance, envisioning a peaceful Iraq: "Arabism, racism and sectarianism – would be dethroned. Iraq would be at peace with itself and with its region."
1434:
Arab-Iranian relations By Khair el-Din Haseeb, K. Haseeb, Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥdah al-Arabīyah, Beirut, Lebanon, published by Centre for Arab Unity
Studies, 1998, p. 368
2029:, Gerry Rodgers, Charles G. Gore, José B. Figueiredo, International Institute for Labour Studies, United Nations Development Programme – Business & Economics, p. 181
554:
Some charge that "ultra-Arabism and
Jihadism have been responsible for widespread persecution and genocide." such Saddam's using chemical weapons and gas against the
1371:
Part 4 about "Jihadi
Movements Worldwide: Abstracts & Documents", p. 1111, from Library Information and Research Service Published by Northumberland Press, 2004
166:
The previously taboo topics of race and racism in the Arab world have been explored more since the rise of foreign, private, and independent media. In one example,
532:
to fight against all kinds of racism, this was followed by a paper by Shlomo Friedrich on "Pan-Arabism: A New Racist Menace?" who offered a sharp critique of
345:
has accused the Sudanese government of "deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing against non-Arabs in
2894:
342:
2142:
1200:
524:
Comite d' Action de Defense De- mocratique published a pamphlet titled Racism and Pan-Arabism, its introduction followed by an article by the well known
484:
conference regarding racism suggests: That stressing out that "Arabism is racism" would have been an interesting debating topic. Yet, he adds that "the
529:
312:
3046:
1096:
Alan Dershowitz, The Case Against Israel's Enemies: Exposing Jimmy Carter and Others Who Stand in the Way of Peace, John Wiley and Sons, 2009, p. 24.
2169:"Berber Leader Belkacem Lounes_ 'There Is No Worse Colonialism Than That of the Pan-Arabist Clan that Wants to Dominate Our People' - CIJR Databank"
391:, the Egyptian journalist, found a deep-seated anti-black racism in her country, mainly against Sudanese, Nubian or other darker-skinned people.
192:
expresses no racial prejudice, ethnocentric prejudice towards black people is widely evident among medieval Arabs, for a variety of reasons: their
1977:
430:
506:
Much ink has flowed on the issue of Arab nationalism. Some people believe it to be a racist movement, advocating the superiority of the Arabs.
422:
1635:
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1828:
1693:
236:. By the 14th century, a significant number of slaves came from either West or Central Africa; Lewis argues that this led to the likes of
2829:
1725:
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1310:
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historian Al-Abshibi (1388–1446) writing that "t is said that when the slave is sated, he fornicates, when he is hungry, he steals."
3016:
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2313:
559:
in Iran and Turkey.) The Berbers, the pre-Arab native peoples of North Africa, have been victimized by the Arabs in North Africa.
2752:
2350:
720:
population was enslaved with a correlation with skin color – darker-skinned Mauritanians were often enslaved by lighter-skinned.
183:
864:
El Hamel, Chouki (2002). "'Race', slavery and Islam in Maghribi Mediterranean thought: the question of the Haratin in Morocco".
3088:
1660:
963:
908:
848:
817:
586:
region, from 1955 to 2005, it is estimated that nearly 4 million black people were killed or ethnically cleansed. During the
1674:
1064:
Hilde F. Johnson, Waging Peace in Sudan: The Inside Story of the Negotiations That Ended, Trans Pacific Press, 2011, p. 38.
590:, about 2.5 million people were killed in attacks widely regarded as racially motivated against black indigenous Africans.
1336:
2501:
2248:
2002:
188:
Medieval Arab attitudes to Black people varied over time and individual attitude, but tended to be negative. Though the
3157:
1547:"JewishPost.com - Remarkable Speech by Simon Deng, Once a Sudanese Slave, Addressing the Durban Conference in New York"
1535:
1173:
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66:
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has pointed to Sudan as an example of a government that deserves the appellation "apartheid", and former Canadian
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88:
33:
3006:
2863:
2146:
1472:
1413:
1055:
Yambo Ouologuem: postcolonial writer, Islamic militant, Christopher Wise, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999, p. 4.
729:
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2100:
1981:
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764:
739:
587:
229:
1782:
2270:"Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion"
2269:
1435:
790:: Issues 234-235; Issues 237-241, Middle East Research & Information Project, 2005, p. 54, p 32
612:
Some of the persecuted victims of racism and discrimination in the Arab world include: Sub-Saharan
205:
1517:
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2781:
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2393:
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1608:
955:
949:
840:
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453:" empire, embracing not merely the ethnically Arab peninsula-homeland, but also the regions of
296:
193:
37:
1945:
1884:
1505:
1462:
1450:
1365:
3056:
2948:
2943:
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2819:
2626:
2621:
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1403:
734:
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598:
676:, as well as slaves who fight the stigma of their status as 'slaves' in impoverished Yemen,
3011:
2877:
2521:
2458:
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2413:
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2043:
759:
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against black Africans. Black Africans were reportedly targeted by rebel forces during the
48:
44:
8:
3031:
2786:
2665:
2418:
2291:
2080:"Press kit: Issues - Racism against Indigenous peoples - World Conference Against Racism"
1546:
446:
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faced insults of not looking "Egyptian enough" and "Nasser's black poodle". An Egyptian
3061:
3041:
2700:
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1956:
1881:
Autonomy, sovereignty, and self-determination: the accommodation of conflicting rights,
1613:
881:
802:
665:
412:
408:
404:
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of Sudan complained that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign.
316:
2225:
1381:
Out of step: life-story of a politician : politics and religion in a world at war
924:
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2561:
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1108:"Ex-minister speaks out against Sudan's al-Bashir" Montreal Gazette, march 6, 2009.
873:
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693:
536:'s book The Philosophy of the Revolution, and it terms it a mere pale imitation of
442:
416:
369:
332:
197:
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2408:
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1080:
980:
449:, both were "likewise evolving into the "racial" stage, the ideal being a great "
350:
328:
278:
213:
201:
140:
1805:, Volumes 30-31 By Sophia University. Institute of International Relations p. 31
3083:
2737:
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152:
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124:
116:
877:
3141:
2899:
2546:
2511:
2423:
2383:
2006:
1705:
1236:"III. Racist attitudes and Racially-Motivated Identity Checks and Detentions"
1212:
945:
510:
388:
379:
284:
171:
1258:"At a Tense Border Crossing, a Systematic Effort To Keep Black Africans Out"
398:
3066:
2911:
1074:
689:
685:
470:
357:
300:
274:
156:
2991:
2958:
2536:
2516:
657:
454:
375:
292:
160:
1942:
Minorities in the Middle East: a history of struggle and self-expression
1897:
Volume 14, Issues 5-8, published by Elsevier/Geo Abstracts 2002, p. 852
832:
712:
unfavorably). Although slavery was officially abolished in 1981, a 2012
562:
There are historic racial divisions, racial and religious prejudices in
2887:
2541:
2531:
2468:
1174:"Egypt arrests 14 for racism against top Zamalek footballer, Shikabala"
717:
633:
542:
492:
issue that could so easily have been turned on them with a vengeance."
458:
104:
80:
1534:
John Burns Q and A: Ending the War in Iraq – NYTimes.com Sep 29, 2009
1283:
925:"Medieval Sourcebook: Abû Ûthmân al-Jâhiz: From The Essays, c. 860 CE"
3051:
2986:
2491:
1392:
Africa events, Volume 7, published by Dar es Salaam Ltd., 1991, p. 21
669:
621:
383:
217:
189:
112:
92:
1726:"Video campaign tackles dual-national 'racism' in Algerian football"
601:
in 2011, blacks were massacred for their skin color according to an
3021:
2249:"World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi"
1636:"UN Watch Turns Tables on Libyan Chair, Exposes Durban 2 Hypocrisy"
450:
221:
144:
120:
96:
216:
ideas regarding divisions among humankind. On the other hand, the
2981:
681:
629:
489:
426:
257:
2359:
982:
Envisioning Islam: Syriac Christians and the Early Muslim World
661:
625:
537:
533:
525:
521:
496:
481:
346:
174:
led to the arrest and conviction of its Khartoum bureau chief.
84:
1829:"Opinion | Black in Algeria? Then You'd Better Be Muslim"
2996:
673:
653:
645:
641:
617:
594:
575:
555:
474:
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237:
132:
100:
1675:"Amnesty finds widespread use of torture by Libyan militias"
1506:
https://books.google.com/books?id=DTc2ACWFt18C&pg=PA109
1284:"UNHCR concerned as sub-Saharan Africans targeted in Libya"
1087:
in Sudan," 19 September 2006, Norwegian Council for Africa.
833:
Kevin Reilly; Stephen Kaufman; Angela Bodino (2002-09-30).
709:
697:
649:
637:
563:
514:
224:, himself having a Zanj grandfather, wrote a book entitled
209:
128:
107:) groups as well as Black, European, and Asian groups that
2068:
https://books.google.com/books?id=WdjvedBeMHYC&pg=PA32
2064:
Race and slavery in the Middle East: an historical enquiry
804:
Race and slavery in the Middle East: an historical enquiry
303:
region to be comparable to "Zionists" settling Palestine.
2328:
2318:
1694:"Opinion | Black in Algeria? Then You'd Better Be Muslim"
1609:"New Status in Africa Empowers an Ever-Eccentric Qaddafi"
1447:
The occupation of Iraq: winning the war, losing the peace
713:
705:
485:
399:
Maghreb (Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya and Mauritania)
1201:"'Black Panther' and the anti-black racism of Egyptians"
1494:
The Confrontation: Winning the War Against Future Jihad
1405:
Radical Islam: medieval theology and ... - Google Books
2143:"kalebeul » Berbers attack Moroccan state racism"
2101:"The Maghreb in Black and White - By Brian T. Edwards"
1980:. Orderofmaltacolombia.org. 1997-02-12. Archived from
1010:. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner. pp. 117–118.
696:(migrant workers and maids in the Gulf Arab nations),
636:– fighting off racist policies in these countries, in
2122:"Berbers: The Proud Raiders | BBC World Service"
1748:
Racism The Arab world's dirty secret, Mona Eltahawy,
488:
countries were very clever in how they deflected the
1922:"Kurdistan issues in press interviews: Dr Fuad Omar"
1765:"Egypt crackdown on African migrants hits Eritreans"
528:
sociologist, anthropologist & political leader:
228:, and explained why the Zanj were black in terms of
898:
566:, including on Kurds, on Shia and the Marsh Arabs.
1843:"IRAQ: Black Iraqis hoping for a Barack Obama win"
801:
3047:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
2003:"A Struggle Against Intolerance Embattled Coptic"
1957:"القردة الزانية - الأقباط الأحرار The Free Copts"
502:Arab Muslim authors in "Arab-Iranian relations":
3139:
1783:"Egyptian troops execute another Darfur refugee"
1148:"Shikabala ends Egypt career over racist taunts"
901:African origins of the major "Western religions"
708:poll, 90% of the Middle East were found to view
680:historic struggle against the 'Arab supremacy,'
87:targets non-Arabs and the expat majority of the
2040:"Slaves in impoverished Yemen dream of freedom"
1383:by Jack Brian Bloom, Indiana University, p. 112
1116:
1114:
1049:
1024:
283:According to a statement by Fred Halliday, the
2189:Donald, James; Rattansi, Ali (21 April 1992).
2188:
2027:Social exclusion: rhetoric, reality, responses
2344:
2305:
2246:
799:
423:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
258:Accusations against specific Arab governments
2292:"Poll: 90% of ME views [ews unfavorably"
1111:
360:has also criticized Sudan in similar terms.
2042:. Alarabiya.net. 2010-07-21. Archived from
1661:"In Tripoli, African 'mercenaries' at risk"
1587:"Libya: Dreamland of "One Africa" Betrayed"
1364:by Lothrop Stoddard, 2009, History, p. 201
425:confirmed allegations of discrimination by
111:Muslim; non-Arab ethnic minorities such as
2351:
2337:
1464:The myth of the Jewish race - Google Books
1460:
1090:
47:. Please do not remove this message until
3017:Interminority racism in the United States
1496:, p. 109, by W. Phares, Macmillan, 2009.
67:Learn how and when to remove this message
1895:Geographical abstracts: Human geography,
1606:
1461:Patai, Raphael; Patai, Jennifer (1989).
1311:"Rebels settle scores in Libyan capital"
1308:
1255:
1198:
1123:"The Root: Race And Racism Divide Egypt"
1005:
863:
716:report suggested that 10% to 20% of the
43:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2289:
2226:"Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment"
1230:
1228:
1058:
226:Superiority of the Blacks to the Whites
184:Medieval Arab attitudes to Black people
3140:
3089:Sociology of race and ethnic relations
2311:
1566:
1120:
1067:
1030:
1008:Nation and Religion in the Middle East
793:
688:(Moroccos, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya ),
2332:
2228:. Middle East Online. 10 October 2004
1826:
1691:
1569:"African Disputes Pit Arab Vs. Black"
1402:Sivan, Emmanuel (26 September 1990).
1401:
1369:The Middle East, abstracts and index,
1121:Khalid, Sunni M. (February 7, 2011).
1099:
944:
3112:
1803:The Journal of international studies
1742:
1249:
1225:
979:Penn, Michael Philip (5 June 2015).
978:
903:. Black Classic Press. p. 231.
866:The Journal of North African Studies
826:
549:
204:ideas regarding slavery, which some
17:
2502:Discrimination based on nationality
1908:"Syria's Kurds Struggle for Rights"
1861:"Black Iraqis In Basra Face Racism"
954:. Oxford University Press. p.
951:Race and Slavery in the Middle East
808:. Oxford University Press. p.
569:
13:
2195:by James Donald, Ali Rattansi p 27
421:In March 2011, officials from the
14:
3169:
337:Beginning in 1991, elders of the
3121:
3111:
3102:
3101:
1607:Slackman, Michael (2009-03-22).
1589:. Theperspective.org. 2000-10-23
1309:Sengupta, Kim (27 August 2011).
927:. Medieval Sourcebook. July 1998
664:and with the empowerment of the
243:
232:in the "On the Zanj" chapter of
159:living in Arab countries of the
22:
3122:
2283:
2262:
2240:
2218:
2182:
2161:
2135:
2114:
2093:
2072:
2057:
2032:
2020:
2005:. Netanyahu.org. Archived from
1995:
1970:
1949:
1944:by Mordechai Nisan, pp 143–144
1935:
1914:
1900:
1888:
1874:
1853:
1835:
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1808:
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1775:
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1487:
1454:
1439:
1428:
1395:
1386:
1374:
1355:
1329:
1302:
1276:
1256:Saunders, Doug (1 March 2011).
1192:
1166:
1140:
89:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
3007:Go back to where you came from
2312:Sutter, John D. (March 2012).
1567:Brooke, James (June 5, 1988).
999:
972:
938:
917:
892:
857:
781:
730:Antisemitism in the Arab world
702:Antisemitism in the Arab world
593:Racism has been documented in
441:Author draws parallel between
291:and with rhetoric tinged with
248:According to Dr. Michael Penn:
1:
2290:Prusher, Ilene (2009-06-16).
1638:. Unwatch.org. Archived from
1199:Eltahawy, Mona (2021-10-28).
775:
306:
2247:Rabiya Parekh (2006-04-04).
2193:Race, Culture and Difference
2103:. Foreign Policy. 2005-01-05
1883:Hurst Hannum – 1996, p. 198
1827:Daoud, Kamel (May 2, 2016).
1817:, Volumes 23-24, 1993, p. 45
1083:"The slow, violent death of
899:Yosef Ben-Jochannan (1991).
770:Racism in Muslim communities
170:'s critical coverage of the
7:
2314:"Slavery's last stronghold"
2272:. Adnkronos.com. 2003-04-07
1692:Daoud, Kamel (2016-05-02).
723:
436:
49:conditions to do so are met
10:
3174:
2358:
1785:. israel today. 2008-08-06
640:where blacks face racism,
402:
367:
326:
272:
266:
181:
177:
3158:Racism in the Middle East
3097:
2974:
2807:
2575:
2477:
2366:
1033:"IRAQ vii. IRAN-IRAQ WAR"
878:10.1080/13629380208718472
765:Racism in the Middle East
740:Geography of antisemitism
588:Second Sudanese Civil War
374:Black Egyptian President
230:environmental determinism
91:coming from South Asian (
1831:– via NYTimes.com.
1290:. Geneva. 25 August 2011
839:. M.E. Sharpe. pp.
363:
322:
3037:Psychometrics of racism
2487:Anti-miscegenation laws
2066:by Bernard Lewis p. 32
1924:. Ekurd.net. 2008-06-20
1006:Halliday, Fred (2000).
836:Racism: A Global Reader
262:
3002:Ethnic plastic surgery
2497:Biological determinism
1362:The New World of Islam
800:Bernard Lewis (1992).
508:
297:anti-Iranian sentiment
255:
2922:In Jewish communities
2900:Hispanic & Latino
1504:, 978-0-230-61130-6
735:Antisemitism in Islam
603:Amnesty International
504:
250:
212:and the influence of
182:Further information:
3012:Herrenvolk democracy
2082:. Un.org. 1999-04-01
1752:, December 10, 2008
1524:. November 18, 1991.
1337:"Gadhafi Loyalists?"
1037:Encyclopædia Iranica
1031:M. GIELING, SASKIA.
760:Racism in Mauritania
656:, it worsened under
3032:Perpetual foreigner
1180:. November 30, 2020
1073:Vukoni Lupa Lasaga
447:Turkish nationalism
355:Minister of Justice
206:Muslim philosophers
200:; the influence of
194:extensive conquests
36:of this article is
3062:Racial integration
3042:Race and sexuality
2847:Japanese Americans
2567:Racial segregation
2557:Racial nationalism
2149:on 28 October 2006
1910:. 28 October 2009.
1698:The New York Times
1614:The New York Times
1573:The New York Times
1522:The New York Times
1262:The Globe and Mail
1079:2014-09-01 at the
788:Middle East report
666:Muslim Brotherhood
413:Slavery in Algeria
409:Slavery in Tunisia
405:Slavery in Morocco
343:Vukoni Lupa Lasaga
317:Human Rights Watch
285:Ba'athists in Iraq
3135:
3134:
2883:African Americans
2830:Chinese Americans
2527:Ethnic stereotype
1978:"A Test of Faith"
1847:Los Angeles Times
965:978-0-19-505326-5
910:978-0-933121-29-4
850:978-0-7656-1060-7
819:978-0-19-505326-5
745:Racism by country
624:, and oppressing
550:Racism – overview
287:were inspired by
208:directed towards
137:Coptic Christians
77:
76:
69:
3165:
3153:Racism by region
3148:Racism in Africa
3125:
3124:
3115:
3114:
3105:
3104:
2959:Racial supremacy
2917:Jewish Americans
2895:Native Americans
2864:Zainichi Koreans
2852:Japanese Koreans
2835:Zainichi Chinese
2808:Racism by target
2585:Global apartheid
2577:Racism by region
2562:Racial profiling
2552:Racial hierarchy
2353:
2346:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2145:. Archived from
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2076:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1953:
1947:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1761:
1755:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1543:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1514:
1508:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1458:
1452:
1443:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1343:. 31 August 2011
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1118:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1003:
997:
996:
976:
970:
969:
942:
936:
935:
933:
932:
921:
915:
914:
896:
890:
889:
861:
855:
854:
830:
824:
823:
807:
797:
791:
785:
750:Racism in Africa
694:Southeast Asians
599:Libyan Civil War
578:, including the
570:Affected victims
530:Jackes Soustelle
480:A writer on the
443:Arab nationalism
431:Libyan civil war
417:Slavery in Libya
370:Slavery in Egypt
333:Slavery in Sudan
313:Holly Burkhalter
125:Southeast Asians
72:
65:
61:
58:
52:
26:
25:
18:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3093:
3072:Racism in sport
2970:
2964:White supremacy
2803:
2571:
2507:Ethnic conflict
2479:
2473:
2367:Types of racism
2362:
2357:
2327:
2310:
2306:
2297:
2295:
2288:
2284:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2254:
2252:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2127:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2085:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2062:
2058:
2049:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2012:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1960:
1959:. Freecopts.net
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1915:
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1901:
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1841:
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1836:
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1813:
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1797:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1732:
1730:Middle East Eye
1724:
1723:
1719:
1710:
1708:
1690:
1686:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1654:
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1585:
1584:
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1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1529:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1492:
1488:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1459:
1455:
1445:Ali A. Allawi,
1444:
1440:
1433:
1429:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1315:The Independent
1307:
1303:
1293:
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1282:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1217:
1215:
1205:Washington Post
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1119:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1081:Wayback Machine
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1041:
1039:
1029:
1025:
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1004:
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993:
977:
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943:
939:
930:
928:
923:
922:
918:
911:
897:
893:
862:
858:
851:
831:
827:
820:
798:
794:
786:
782:
778:
726:
620:, including on
572:
552:
520:In 1960's, the
439:
419:
401:
372:
366:
351:Alan Dershowitz
335:
329:Racism in Sudan
327:Main articles:
325:
309:
281:
279:Slavery in Iraq
271:
265:
260:
246:
214:Judeo-Christian
186:
180:
73:
62:
56:
53:
42:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
3171:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3119:
3109:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3084:Reverse racism
3081:
3080:
3079:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3057:Racial figleaf
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2975:Related topics
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2934:Middle Eastern
2931:
2926:
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2924:
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2909:
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2907:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2885:
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2874:
2873:
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2866:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2817:
2811:
2809:
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2757:
2756:
2755:
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2745:
2740:
2730:
2729:
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2726:United Kingdom
2723:
2718:
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2698:
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2668:
2663:
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2656:
2651:
2641:
2640:
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2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2478:Manifestations
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2333:
2326:
2325:
2304:
2282:
2261:
2239:
2217:
2204:
2181:
2160:
2134:
2113:
2092:
2071:
2056:
2031:
2019:
1994:
1984:on 23 May 2012
1969:
1948:
1934:
1913:
1899:
1887:
1873:
1852:
1834:
1819:
1815:Africa insight
1807:
1795:
1774:
1756:
1750:New York Times
1741:
1717:
1684:
1666:
1652:
1627:
1617:. Libya;Africa
1599:
1578:
1559:
1538:
1527:
1518:"NEWS SUMMARY"
1509:
1486:
1473:
1453:
1438:
1427:
1414:
1394:
1385:
1373:
1354:
1328:
1301:
1275:
1248:
1224:
1191:
1165:
1154:. Dec 31, 2010
1139:
1110:
1098:
1089:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1023:
1016:
998:
991:
985:. p. 59.
971:
964:
946:Lewis, Bernard
937:
916:
909:
891:
856:
849:
825:
818:
792:
779:
777:
774:
773:
772:
767:
762:
757:
755:Racism in Asia
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
725:
722:
580:Nuba Mountains
571:
568:
551:
548:
438:
435:
400:
397:
382:soccer player
365:
362:
339:Zaghawa people
324:
321:
308:
305:
289:Sati' al-Husri
269:Racism in Iraq
267:Main article:
264:
261:
259:
256:
245:
242:
179:
176:
153:Turkic peoples
75:
74:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3170:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3128:
3120:
3118:
3110:
3108:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:Wine industry
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2782:South America
2780:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:United States
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2760:North America
2758:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:Racialization
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:Ethnic hatred
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2429:Laissez-faire
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2414:Institutional
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2399:Environmental
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2308:
2293:
2286:
2271:
2265:
2250:
2243:
2227:
2221:
2207:
2205:9780803985803
2201:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2170:
2164:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2123:
2117:
2102:
2096:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2046:on 2012-01-12
2045:
2041:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2009:on 2001-01-28
2008:
2004:
1998:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1923:
1917:
1909:
1903:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1862:
1856:
1849:. 2008-08-14.
1848:
1844:
1838:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1799:
1784:
1778:
1770:
1769:Sudan Tribune
1766:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1662:
1656:
1642:on 2011-11-22
1641:
1637:
1631:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1603:
1588:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1563:
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1513:
1507:
1503:
1502:0-230-61130-3
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1195:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1128:
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1117:
1115:
1107:
1105:Hubert Bauch
1102:
1093:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1019:
1017:1-55587-910-1
1013:
1009:
1002:
994:
992:9780812291445
988:
984:
983:
975:
967:
961:
957:
953:
952:
947:
941:
926:
920:
912:
906:
902:
895:
887:
883:
879:
875:
872:(3): 29–52 .
871:
867:
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842:
838:
837:
829:
821:
815:
811:
806:
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751:
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560:
557:
547:
545:
544:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
516:
513:, the former
512:
511:Ali A. Allawi
507:
503:
500:
498:
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487:
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478:
476:
472:
468:
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456:
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448:
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396:
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390:
389:Mona Eltahawy
385:
381:
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359:
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348:
344:
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2733:Middle East
2627:South Korea
2622:North Korea
2537:Hate speech
2459:Substantive
2439:Neocolonial
2294:. Jpost.com
2124:. Bbc.co.uk
1347:14 February
1321:14 February
1294:14 February
1184:December 1,
718:Mauritanian
658:pan-Arabism
455:Mesopotamia
376:Anwar Sadat
293:pan-Arabism
198:slave trade
161:Middle East
3142:Categories
2871:Vietnamese
2644:Arab world
2542:Hate group
2532:Hate crime
2469:Xenophobia
2449:Scientific
2434:Linguistic
2298:2011-04-22
2276:2011-04-22
2255:2011-04-22
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2107:2015-05-31
2086:2011-04-22
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1988:2011-04-22
1963:2011-04-22
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1421:2011-04-22
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1218:2024-03-20
1042:2011-06-15
931:2008-12-07
776:References
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628:refugees,
543:Mein Kampf
459:The Levant
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368:See also:
307:Mauritania
273:See also:
234:The Essays
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3052:Race card
2987:Alt-right
2787:Argentina
2748:Palestine
2666:Australia
2492:Apartheid
2480:of racism
1706:0362-4331
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2997:Casteism
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2389:Cultural
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