1467:
1377:
1234:
The main theme of this surah is the contrast between monotheism and polytheism. In addition to making logical arguments against ascribing partners to God, several verses outline the differing fate for idolaters and believers. The unity of God is also emphasized with descriptions of the glory of God
1247:"He propounds a parable for you from yourselves. Have you—among those whom your right hands possessed—ascribed associates in what We provided you so that you share as equals and you fear them like your awe for each other? Thus, We explain distinctly the signs to a folk who are reasonable."
1235:
through illustrations of His wondrous signs and His miraculous creation. This means that the main lessons of this surah is not to make partners to Allah, and to always have the fate of a believer.
1471:
1195:"Vacillating Conditions" Reassures the Muslim community of God's mercy and grace for true believers and offers suggestions for behavior like giving to the needy or avoiding usury
791:. In the third and fourth verses, the Muslim community is promised that the Byzantines will reverse their defeat into a victory and retake Jerusalem "in a few years' time".
1434:
Bilād al-Shām fī ṣadr al-Islām: 24-30 Jumādá al-Ākhirah 1405 H/16-22 Ādhār 1985 : al-nadwah al-thānīyah min aʻmāl al-Muʼtamar al-Dawlī al-Rābiʻ li-Tārīkh Bilād al-Shām
799:
belongs the command before and after. And that day, ones who believe will be glad with the help of God. He helps whom He wills. And He is The
Almighty, The Compassionate."
1091:
828:
1243:
Surah 30 includes a verse comparing the association of partners with God, which is the sin of shirk, to the relationship between a master and his slaves.
505:
2235:
352:
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1210:
1204:
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1222:
1167:
795:"The Romans were vanquished in the closer region, and they, after being vanquished, will prevail within a certain number of years. To
1201:"Corruption and Pollution" Reminds people of the promise of resurrection at the Last Judgment and the fates of polytheist communities
704:
1394:
1164:"Scene of God's Glory", "The Cycle of Life and Death", and "Man and the Universe" Offers praise for God and all His powers and signs
499:
1290:
Maḥallī, Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad, Suyūṭī, and Ṣafī al-Raḥmān Mubārakfūrī. 2002. Tafsīr al-Jalālayn. Riyāḍ: Dār al-Salām.
1219:"No Change of Position" Decries the nonbelievers who refuse to listen to Muhammad but asserts that God leads astray who he wills
1275:
1213:"The Different Stages of Man's Life" Describes the weakness and folly of man and the fate of evildoers at the Last Judgment
479:
445:
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1321:
440:
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318:
1207:"Aspects of God's Grace" Emphasizes resurrection as one of signs of God's mercy and grace when believers lose hope
611:
491:
335:
2230:
1507:
736:
557:
201:
1063:
of ar-Rum was the second-to-last Meccan surah and the 84th surah chronologically; however, he argues its 17th
1520:
804:
267:
2240:
1110:
divides the surah into two halves, verses 1–32 and verses 33–60. Each section begins with an assertion of
1179:"Concluding Directive to Prophet" Urges the listeners to turn to the truth and resist dividing into sects
242:
1137:"The Natural Bond of Faith" Notes the Byzantine defeat and prophesies a coming victory promised by God
1119:
724:
715:—interested onlookers who were still unaware that, within a single generation, they would enter the
17:
1480:
1446:
Qutb, Sayyid. In the shade of the Quran. Vol. 13. Alexandria, Va.: Al
Saadawi Publications, 1997.
807:, a Byzantine military counter-offensive that resulted in a crushing defeat for the Sassanids in
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1362:
1149:"Invitation to Reflect" Reminds the believers of the fates of other disobedient communities
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8:
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914:
The ingratitude of idolaters, who call on God in adversity but forget him in prosperity
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755:. This defeat posed a significant theological and sociological problem for the early
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1696:
1170:"Analogy Drawn from Human Life" Uses a metaphor about slavery to condemn the sin of
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The separation of the wicked and the just on
Judgement Day; rewards and punishments
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Abdel Haleem, M. A. 2004. The Qurʼan. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 257.
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Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (
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A blasting wind sufficient to harden the hearts of the unbelievers
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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1071:. While the first ayah of the surah refers to the defeat of the
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Muhammad unable to make the deaf to hear or the blind to see
811:, and cite it as an example of the miraculous nature of the
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exhorted to follow the orthodox faith and to avoid idolatry
133:
119:
1308:
1143:"To Whom Power Belongs" Declares the truth of the universe
1477:
1040:", which means it is believed to have been revealed in
865:
The righteous and the wicked shall be separated on the
76:
703:
The surah provides information on how the cataclysmic
1472:
The Holy Qur'an (Maulana
Muhammad Ali)/30. The Romans
1094:
in 614, but this battle is ignored in other sources.
899:
convinced of folly by reference to their own customs
644:
1314:
Answering Islam: The
Crescent in Light of the Cross
1114:'s grace and mercy and ends with encouragement for
779:, who took the Sassanid victory as a sign that the
996:Believers and unbelievers on the resurrection day
883:The changes in nature a proof of the resurrection
803:Muslims believe this prophecy was fulfilled with
775:. Ar-Rum is in part a response to the non-Muslim
696:; the title is also sometimes translated as "The
2222:
1515:
829:ultimate triumph of the Romans over the Persians
1432:Bakhīt, Muḥammad ʻAdnān; ʻAbbās, Iḥsān (1987).
1414:
1373:. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co.
1316:(revised ed.). Baker Books. p. 107.
956:God's goodness in his providence a sign to men
1501:
1225:Urges Muhammad and his community to persevere
944:Exhortation to repentance before the judgment
771:) while the Sassanids who defeated them were
605:
1431:
1336:
932:The idols unable to create and preserve life
42:
1508:
1494:
1048:. Parts of Q30:38-50 are preserved in the
612:
598:
1106:, entitled "In the Shade of the Qur'an",
1018:Muhammad encouraged to steadfastness in
1436:. al-Jāmiʻah al-Urdunīyah. p. 109.
1393:Behnam Sadeghi & Mohsen Goudarzi, "
1012:Unbelievers are given over to blindness
14:
2223:
1408:
1361:
938:God's judgements follow man's iniquity
759:community because the Byzantines were
1489:
1462:, 50+ translations, islamawakened.com
1395:Sana'a and the Origins of the Qu'ran
1155:"Two Divergent Wars" Describes the
634:
24:
1371:, Preliminary Discourse, and Notes
889:Various signs of God's omnipotence
781:traditional polytheistic practices
25:
2252:
2236:Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
1453:
1341:. Enkay Publishers. p. 129.
1097:
972:God's mercy manifest in his works
705:Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
1465:
1375:
818:
1440:
1339:Internal Unity Of All Religions
1238:
1229:
1187:"Bringing Life out of the Dead"
1425:
1387:
1355:
1330:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1258:
129:
115:
13:
1:
1418:Sketches from Eastern History
1251:
1025:
735:The chapter begins by noting
684:, and during the time of the
876:worshipped at stated periods
849:heed not the warnings of God
660:') is the 30th chapter (
7:
839:'s power manifest in nature
668:, consisting of 60 verses (
645:
10:
2257:
805:Heraclius' campaign of 622
730:
99:The Byzantines; The Greeks
27:30th chapter of the Qur'an
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41:
1415:Theodor Nöldeke (1892).
1067:was revealed during the
827:Prophecy concerning the
1481:Clear Quran translation
1312:; Abdul Saleeb (2002).
1129:"Signs to Reflect Upon"
1083:in the spring of 614.
783:would win out over the
700:" or "The Byzantines".
678:originated in the word
1249:
1044:, instead of later in
801:
2231:Chapters in the Quran
1517:Chapters of the Quran
1363:Wherry, Elwood Morris
1337:Uday Shanker (1992).
1245:
1036:), it is an earlier "
1004:parables of the Quran
793:
769:the Islamic viewpoint
692:, it referred to the
243:Birmingham manuscript
228:Samarkand Kufic Quran
1367:A Complete Index to
1270:. OUP Oxford. 2008.
1075:at the hands of the
717:realm of imperialism
694:Eastern Roman Empire
1090:, it refers to the
964:the former prophets
962:Those who rejected
859:in the resurrection
855:The despair of the
789:Abrahamic religions
763:(considered to be "
38:
1421:. A. and C. Black.
1092:Battle of Adhri'at
1050:Ṣan‘ā’1 lower text
765:People of the Book
492:Biblical parallels
238:Topkapi manuscript
30:
2218:
2217:
1470:Works related to
1277:978-0-19-157407-8
1020:the true religion
737:the recent defeat
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150:ʾAlif Lām Mīm الم
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586:Islam portal
475:Hermeneutics
428:Translations
296:
149:
77:English text
45:
1405:(2012), 37.
1369:Sale's Text
1108:Sayyid Qutb
751:, near the
480:Esotericism
358:Eschatology
222:Manuscripts
216:Historicity
96:Other names
72:Arabic text
2225:Categories
1267:The Qur'an
1252:References
1026:Chronology
874:God to be
785:monotheism
761:Christians
568:Shi’a view
485:Abrogation
298:Muqatta'at
145:muqaṭṭaʻāt
34:30 of the
2187:Four Quls
1399:Der Islam
1088:al-Tabari
897:idolaters
749:Jerusalem
664:) of the
656:'The
640:romanized
553:Criticism
533:Inerrancy
446:Ahmadiyya
256:Divisions
1478:Quran 30
1365:(1896).
1217:30:58-59
1211:30:52-57
1205:30:47-54
1199:30:40-45
1193:30:33-39
1177:30:29-32
1162:30:17-27
1153:30:11-16
1116:Muhammad
1081:Damascus
1006:rejected
906:Muhammad
857:infidels
809:Anatolia
753:Dead Sea
690:Muhammad
688:prophet
581:Category
563:Quranism
462:Exegesis
346:Parables
341:Miracles
319:Prophets
165:Quran 31
160:Quran 29
143:Opening
104:Position
18:Quran 30
2177:Medinan
2084:101–114
1147:30:8-10
1102:In his
925:charity
921:Muslims
847:Quraysh
787:of the
767:" from
743:to the
739:of the
731:Summary
686:Islamic
654:
646:’ar-rūm
642::
546:Related
441:English
414:Qira'at
402:Tarteel
377:Reading
353:Science
336:Legends
329:Animals
312:Content
278:Medinan
189:History
52:
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2205:Tafsir
2200:Hadith
2172:Meccan
1973:81–100
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1141:30:1-5
1135:30:1-6
1104:tafsir
1059:, the
1046:Medina
757:Muslim
698:Greeks
658:Romans
631:Arabic
627:Ar-Rum
397:Tajwid
273:Meccan
120:verses
90:Meccan
61:Romans
56:Ar-Rūm
2165:Types
1862:61–80
1751:41–60
1640:21–40
1460:Q30:2
1223:30:60
1172:shirk
1168:30:28
1079:near
1061:surah
1042:Mecca
994:54-57
982:51-52
970:47-49
948:42-44
936:40-41
918:36-38
912:32-35
903:29-31
893:27-28
887:19-26
872:16-17
863:13-15
853:10-12
813:Quran
713:Mecca
709:Arabs
681:Roman
666:Quran
662:sūrah
635:الروم
528:I'jaz
409:Ahruf
385:Qāriʾ
324:Women
263:Surah
179:Quran
134:Rukus
47:الروم
36:Quran
32:Surah
1529:1–20
1521:List
1343:ISBN
1318:ISBN
1272:ISBN
1118:and
1065:ayah
1002:The
895:The
845:The
723:and
670:āyāt
652:lit.
470:List
436:List
390:Hifz
292:Juz'
287:Āyah
268:List
197:Waḥy
108:Juzʼ
59:The
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843:8-9
837:God
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747:in
711:of
675:Rūm
363:God
132:of
130:No.
118:of
116:No.
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