Tafsir - Knowledge

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sciences reject should be interpreted in a way that conforms with the science; as for those things which the science is silent about, like the resurrection etc., they should be brought within the purview of the laws of matter; the pillars upon which the divine religious laws are based—like revelation, angel, Satan, prophethood, apostleship, Imamah (Imamate) etc.—are spiritual things, and the spirit is a development of the matter. As for the Quran itself, one should not explain it in the light of the old philosophy and theories, because they were not based on observations and tests—they were just a sort of mental exercise which has been totally discredited now by the modern science. Found by Ghazali and built upon by Razi, it is one of today's most abundant way of

2847: 2812:, which may be considered simply as bringing happiness to a person in this life and the hereafter. That way, any interpretation that threatens to compromise the preservation of religion, life, lineage, intellect or property may be discarded or ruled otherwise in order to secure these goals. Further, the socio-cultural environment may also taken into consideration. This includes understanding and interpreting the Quran while taking into account the cultural and social environment to which it has been revealed; or according to the scholars' own time. Often than not, the distinction can be made between the ' 2755:, as they constitute the basis of understanding and interpretation. Arabic has a systematic way of shaping words so one can know the meaning by knowing the root and the form the word was coined from. If any word can be given a meaning that is compatible with the rules of grammar, Quranic text can be interpreted that way. In terms of historical resources, scholars may choose to interpret verses according to external factors, including their historical context and their place of revelation. Historical context ( 6824: 3334: 1410: 2947:, and an emphasis on the unity of believers and a unified understanding of Islam. Other features may include, attempts to proof the rationality of the Quranic worldview, compatibility with modern sciences, liberalism, literary criticism, and making the message of the Quran emotional relevant for the believer. Although such modern approaches became a standard only late, their ideas were much earlier present in the Islamicate world. 6813: 1110: 2932:) uses a similar hermeneutic. Unlike ibn Kathir, his work is one of a few completely devoid of any personal comments. Yet, following the approach of ibn Taimiyya, he is selective about the inclusion of hadiths. However, contrarily to ibn Taimiyya and ibn Kathir, his tafsir is without any personal comment. Further, despite using a similar methodology to ibn Taimiyya and ibn Kathir, he includes a wider range of 2990:, aims to decodifies the Quran to understand its impact on the first audience. Accordingly, the focus is not about historical or scientific truths, but about conveying a message through the means of the Quran. Similarly, according to yet another trend, the Quran should not only be understood as for the first Muslims, but also executed as the first Muslims did. Famous adherences to this approach include 509: 2700:

says (something) concerning the Qur'ân without knowledge, he has taken his seat of fire". However, this hadith can alternatively be interpreted to refer to the importance of first properly studying and learning the Quran before attempting to teach or preach it to others. Accordingly, the method of independent reasoning (

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It is an interpretation of the Quran which includes attribution of esoteric or mystic meanings to the text by the interpreter. In this respect, its method is different from the conventional exegesis. Esoteric interpretations do not usually contradict the conventional (in this context called exoteric)

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is the inclusion of the opinions of the commentator, thus forming the more objective view on Quranic verses. The relative paucity of traditional sources is also a practical reason why the scope of the methodology is augmented. This is considered sanctioned by the Quran itself, as written in the surah

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If nothing is found in the Quran or the Hadīth, the commentator has recourse to what the Ṣaḥābah reported about various verses. These are generally considered above personal opinion, because these people grew up with everyday interaction with Muhammad, and had often asked about the meanings of verses

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of Muhammad to interpret the Quran. In this approach the most important external aids used are the collected oral traditions upon which Muslim scholars based Islamic history and law. Authority of this method is considered established by the statement made in the Quran that Muhammad is responsible for

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or Tafsir al-Ahkam, derives legal rulings and principles from the Quran. Its practice was common in both the classical and modern periods. There is a dispute over the number of verses that contain jurisprudential guidance, with numbers ranging from 5 to 200 being reported. Works of legal tafsir were

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works in Sunni Islam. This work provides exegetical material for the whole Quran, also contains conflicting information, which Tabari tries either to harmonize or argues in support of the one he feels more correct. Further he includes different readings, which according to him, both might be correct

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and the text of the Quran are two resources which can be used as foundational reference in ascertaining the meaning and signification of the remaining literal and figurative diction of the Quran and its style of expression. Using Arabic poetry for defining words is a long used practice, and very few

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method is agreed upon by all scholars, and is the most used method throughout history, partly because other methods have been criticized. Criticism of non-riwaya method is mostly based on two grounds; for one, Muhammad has condemned those who interpret the Quran from their own point of view, and for

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proficiency in the Arabic language rhetoric (Ilm-ulm-Balagha) is required to understand the syntax and grammar of the Quran. Scholars must know the nuances, expressions, and figurative language which appears in the Quran. The science of understanding the language is called Ilm-ul-Balagha (science of

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was selective and concise regarding its coverage, and only certain words, phrases and verses were explained. The Quran was still not fully interpreted, and commentaries were not separated from the hadith collection nor written separately, mainly due to other occupations such as the collection of the

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to his companions, usually explaining their meanings to teach them, as it was one of Muhammad's responsibilities. Elements of Muhammad's explanations including clarifying verses whose intents are not understood, the indication of names, places, times etc. which have not been mentioned in the verse,

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This method is not interpretation by mere opinion however, but rather opinions must be based on the main sources. Performing Quranic interpretation using solely one's own opinion is believed to be prohibited by some Muslims. This is based on an authenticated hadith of Muhammad which states "He who

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The most authoritative source of the interpretation is the Quran itself. Interpretation of the Quran employing other Quranic reference is very common because of the close interrelatedness of the verses of the Quran with one another. The Quranic verses explain and interpret one another, which leads

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Scholars deeply influenced by the natural and social sciences followed the materialists of Europe or the pragmatists. Under the influence of those secular theories, they declared that the religion's realities cannot go against scientific knowledge. What the religion claims to exist, but which the

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from Muhammad which states that the Quran has an inner meaning, and that this inner meaning conceals a yet deeper inner meaning, and so on (up to seven levels of meaning), has sometimes been used in support of this view. Islamic opinion imposes strict limitations on esoteric interpretations

2820:(specific) verses that applied to specific conditions, time or need. This is considered an integral part of analyzing the universality of the Quran. Scholars usually do not favor to confine verses to a single time interval, but rather interpret according to the needs of their time. 3157:

sect. But Muhammad and the imams gave importance to its exterior as much as to its interior; they were as much concerned with its revelation as they were with its interpretation. These are generally not independently written, however, they are found in the books of Sufis.

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along with transmitted sources, scholars also can use reason to interpret the Quran. The reason applied must stay within Islamic principles. Personal opinion (ra'y) must be kept within bounds. Any reason applied must be supported by other Islamic texts or have scholarly

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A newer work which incorporates and quotes the work of a multitude of previous scholars and analyzes the relevant Arabic root words (based on all available classic Arabic meanings), and references all relevant passages of the Quran, was done by Abdul Mannan Omar.

3915: 2299:, or sayings, actions, and approvals of the prophet Muhammad serve as a secondary source for a tafsir. The prophet's explanations of the Quran serve as an authoritative weight and scholars agree that interpretations should not contradict the Sunnah. 2544:

many to believe that it has the highest level of authenticity. Many verses or words in the Quran are explained or further clarified in other verses of the Quran. One example of the hadith which extensively employs this source of method is

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Tafsirs by Shia Muslims similarly deals with the issues concerned by Sunnis, and employs similar methodology as well, except for the adherence toward certain beliefs and creeds Shiism espouses. Distinctive features of Shia

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into separate books and literature. Grammatical explanations and historical data are preserved within these books; personal opinions are recorded, whether accepted or rejected. During this time, a whole range of schools of

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The primary criteria is understanding and knowing the Quran. A scholar must be able to refer to other of the Quran to provide an explanation of other parts of the Quran. Intra-textual analysis is essential as it maintains

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tradition of tafsir has received little attention in modern scholarship, owing to several reasons. First, several exegetical works by Mu'tazila scholars have been studied as books on theology rather than as works of

3048:. These characteristics result in distinction being made between the esoteric and the exoteric meaning of the Quran, and the esoteric meaning attributed to the imams preferred over the exoteric meaning. Certain Shia 2919:

was the first who tried to use the hermeneutic method of his teacher ibn Taimiyya. By that, it is much more selective and critical compared to earlier Quranic exegesis and features only a few personal remarks.

2986:. Although this trend has existed prior to the modern era, its popularity is new. Nontheless, this approach still faces a lot of opposition among Muslims. Yet another approach, represented by scholars such as 2559:

explanation and guidance. While some narratives are of revelation origin, others can be the result of reasonings made by Muhammad. One important aspect of these narratives is their origin. Narratives used for

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to further explain and clarify verses, especially parables, in the Quran. While some may be accurate, these narratives are not subject to hadith authenticity criteria, and are generally not favored for use.

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Burge, Stephan R. "Scattered Pearls: Exploring al-Suyī's Hermeneutics and Use of Sources in al-Durr al-manthūr fī’l-tafsīr bi’l-maʾthūr1." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 24.2 (2014): 251-296.

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Johanna Pink Sunnitischer Tafsir in der modernen islamischen Welt: Akademische Traditionen, Popularisierung und nationalstaatliche Interessen Brill, 11.11.2010 ISBN 9789004185920 p. 29 (German)

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Andreas Görke and Johanna Pink Tafsir and Islamic Intellectual History Exploring the Boundaries of a Genre Oxford University Press in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies London

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Andreas Görke and Johanna Pink Tafsir and Islamic Intellectual History Exploring the Boundaries of a Genre Oxford University Press in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies London

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or circumstances of their revelation; and they were very knowledgeable in both Arabic literature and Islamic thought. Another non-scripture based source of the interpretation is classical

2640:) giving extra information or interpretation about events or individuals recorded in the Hebrew scriptures. Scholars starting with the Sahabah have studied narrative accounts of other 2761:) is particularly important to interpret verses according to how the Quran was revealed, when and under which circumstances, and much commentary was dedicated to history. The early 1384:, 'interpreted'). In its literal meaning, the word refers to interpreting, explaining, expounding, or disclosing. In Islamic contexts, it is defined as understanding and uncovering 4943: 3962: 4894: 3483: 3212: 2704:) has several qualifications and conditions that need to be satisfied. Due to the nature of orientation toward opinions, this method is rejected by certain scholars such as 3012: 4012: 3252:

denounced contemporary Islamic practices as altered. He distinguished between what he defined as true Islam and what he saw as customs and traditions introduced in the

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started. The modern approach is marked by a generally critical attitude towards much of the intellectual heritage of Islam, a declared intention to imitate the

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can be broadly divided into two categories from the viewpoint of methodology employed in order to approach the interpretation. These categories are called

3588: 3264:. Each chapter, which deals with one surah, is structured around certain verses of the surah, or words occurring in the text, which need to be explained. 6430: 2371:) as it will be considered invalid. Scholars must ensure their exegesis upholds the essentials of Islamic theology and philosophy, collectively known as 369: 3762:. Great commentaries on the Holy Qurʾan̄. Translated by Guezzou, Mokrane. Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought. Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae. 4483: 4037: 3488: 3231: 6529: 3219: 3020: 1515:

restriction of meanings which have been given as absolute and reconciliation of expressions which seem contradictory. Although scholars including

4839: 4831: 2686:˹This is˺ a blessed Book which We have revealed to you ˹O Prophet˺ so that they may contemplate its verses, and people of reason may be mindful. 2361:

and the methodology of legal derivation. Without this, a scholar may misinterpret legal rulings in the Quran and lead to a flawed conclusion.

3040:, the heavier weight put on verses that considered to be the foundation of successorship to Muhammad within the Prophet's family begins with 216: 2347:) verses to avoid misunderstanding earlier rulings. A failure to do this will cause misinterpreting and the misapplication of Islamic law. 6460: 2316:) of a revelation in order to interpret the text correctly. If a verse is isolated without knowing the context, it can be misinterpreted. 3958: 3135:

has not been edited, and there is no complete copy of it available at any single location, which limits its accessibility to scholars.

6534: 6450: 3712:. The perfect guide to the sciences of the Qurʹān. Centre for Muslim Contribution to Civilization (Reading$ nGarnet Publ ed.). 6551: 5228: 4008: 3015:, gained widespread popularity, probably due to its salafistic approach but also a lack of alternative translations of traditional 363: 2896:

and gives his own opinion after each argumentation. Both linguistical and theological subjects are discussed throughout his work.

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is sometimes seen as a transition point between the Classical and post-Classical exegesis, due to his unique hermeneutic method.

883: 4259:

Sariyannis, Marinos. "The limits of going global: The case of “Ottoman Enlightenment (s)”." History Compass 18.9 (2020): e12623.

6455: 5345: 2911:. Ibn Taimiyya challenged this core tradition by asserting that the Quran should only be interpreted by the Quran alone or the 2209: 1240:

attempts to provide elucidation, explanation, interpretation, context or commentary for clear understanding and conviction of

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On the boundaries of theological tolerance in Islam: Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghāzalīʾs Fayṣal al-Tafriqa bayna al-Islam wa al-Zandaqa

5119: 4512: 2354: 1658: 309: 79: 3832: 3792: 3742: 2983: 6317: 6271: 5931: 5925: 4574: 4360: 4217: 4135: 4114: 3909: 3381: 1493: 1474: 948: 304: 299: 3363: 1546:, refrained from commenting based on their personal views, and only narrated comments by Muhammad. Others including 6188: 6044: 5521: 5417: 4637: 1446: 548: 182: 1608:

had been transmitted orally and had not been collected independently in a book, rather, they had been gathered by

6682: 6488: 4456: 4429: 1140: 475: 355: 199: 6747: 6295: 6193: 4033: 3584: 3359: 1431: 1085: 421: 65: 2998:. This approach often goes in hand with an attempt to establish a state based on an idealized Muslim society. 1510:

can be traced back to Muhammad. According to Islamic belief, as the Quran was revealed to him, he recited the

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two, most companions of Muhammad have refrained from presenting their own ideas. Some important examples of

6848: 6667: 6644: 6254: 6110: 6100: 6006: 5659: 5249: 5240: 4975: 4107:

The Development of Exegesis in Early Islam: The Authenticity of Muslim Literature from the Formative Period

2862: 2835: 1306: 851: 4591:"Tafsir (Commentary) of the Quran | Reflections and Interpretations of the Holy Qur'ân by Muslim Scholars" 3899: 3019:. Similarly, a translation of Tabari's exegetical work has been published only as an abridged version, by 6769: 6634: 6440: 6208: 6001: 5378: 5151: 4855: 3001:

Among Salafis, the hermeneutics of ibn Taimiyya prevail. In the English language, an abridged version of

2808:(goals or purpose) can be taken into account. Verses may be interpreted to preserve the general goals of 898: 725: 106: 3708:

Suyūṭī, Ǧalāl-ad-Dīn ʿAbd-ar-Raḥmān Ibn-Abī-Bakr as-; Algar, Hamid; ʿUṯmān Saiyid Aḥmad Ismāʿīl (2011).

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attempts to prove that the Quran and modern sciences do not contradict each other. This is close to the

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using another portion of the Quran, or sayings of Muhammad, or saying of his companions. This classical

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especially when interior meaning is against exterior one. Esoteric interpretations are found mainly in

2202: 938: 2846: 6853: 6612: 6599: 6300: 6129: 5825: 5547: 5510: 3478: 3312: 3095:

school of jurisprudence, which espouses the doctrine closest with Sunnis of all Shia sects, produces

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came to be known for an approach relied on personal judgment aside from the transmitted reports, and

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Quranists merely believe in the Qur'an and reject other oral traditions. Turkish Islamic theologian

6764: 6483: 6307: 6080: 5560: 5055: 3344: 2748: 2590: 2330:) are considered reliable sources of tafsir. Their interpretations are considered higher authority. 1442: 965: 765: 6622: 5433: 4598: 4511:, Nor Syamimi Mohd, Haziyah Hussin & Wan Nasyrudin Wan Abdullah, Faculty of Islamic Studies, 3355: 3348: 3056:

thoughts as well, specifically on the theological issues. Some of the important examples of Shia

2038: 1427: 1420: 560: 31: 5587: 1558:

By the time of the next generations ensuing the sahabah, scholars in the age of the successors (

6779: 6708: 6677: 6607: 5531: 5526: 5444: 4847: 4069:"The Role of Reading Motivation and Interest in Reading Engagement of Quranic Exegesis Readers" 3236: 2252: 2173: 1226: 1166: 1014: 780: 431: 416: 4348: 3628: 192: 6725: 6703: 5454: 5331: 4687: 3420: 2195: 1260: 1009: 834: 618: 573: 91: 1622:, in its formative age, used to be a special domain within hadith. Widening of the scope of 6382: 6289: 6234: 5312: 4901: 4630: 3877:. Studies in Islamic philosophy (2. impression ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3517: 3507: 3473: 2995: 2829: 2733: 1832: 338: 333: 52: 4282:

Görke, Andreas, and Johanna Pink. "Tafsır and Islamic Intellectual History." (2014). p. 33

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Görke, Andreas, and Johanna Pink. "Tafsır and Islamic Intellectual History." (2014). p. 32

2228: 1378: 1347: 1201: 8: 6617: 6493: 6387: 6203: 5642: 5439: 5071: 4799: 3281: 3224: 2792: 2632:

traditions, rather than from other well-accepted sources. The Isra'iliyat are mostly non-

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used their own knowledge from the Arabic language to interpret the Quran. At this stage,

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scholars have not used this source. Less authoritative source of the interpretation is

2565: 1043: 1000: 970: 953: 928: 873: 829: 541: 291: 204: 187: 101: 5782: 4615: 2795:, whether it be theological foundations or basic faith principles. On the other hand, 2578: 1928: 1275:(lit. received tafsir), which is transmitted from the early days of Islam through the 6759: 6754: 6659: 6649: 6639: 6312: 6198: 6150: 5993: 5904: 5607: 5597: 5592: 5582: 5577: 5410: 5257: 5220: 5103: 4951: 4887: 4783: 4767: 4751: 4743: 4727: 4719: 4703: 4695: 4570: 4530: 4489: 4462: 4435: 4411: 4356: 4353:

Islamic Philosophy, Science, Culture, and Religion: Studies in Honor of Dimitri Gutas

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in the age of the successors lead to the development of an independent discipline of

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Oxford University Press in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies London

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Görke, Andreas, and Johanna Pink. "Tafsır and Islamic Intellectual History." (2014).

1467: 6789: 6774: 6524: 6229: 5951: 5889: 5879: 5869: 5854: 5602: 5505: 5477: 5365: 5289: 5212: 5204: 5111: 5031: 4863: 4823: 4815: 4775: 4671: 4663: 3144:

interpretations; instead, they discuss the inner levels of meaning of the Quran. A

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can be ordered by the rank of authority, as the Quran, hadiths, the reports by the

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Hadith As Scripture: Discussions on the Authority of Prophetic Traditions in Islam

6715: 6412: 6357: 6157: 5843: 5803: 5692: 5648: 5422: 5273: 5265: 5127: 5087: 4791: 4623: 3983: 3852:(3. rev. and enlarged ed., repr ed.). Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society. 3685:

Coherence in the Qurʾān: a study of Iṣlāḥī's concept of naẓm in Tadabbur-i Qurʾān

3512: 2971: 2766: 2744: 2629: 2604:

The best people are those living in my generation, then those coming after them (

2594:, the generation after tabi'un. Their authority is based on an account in hadith 2546: 2454: 2436: 2424: 2405: 2243: 2235: 2138: 1983: 1393: 1276: 1217: 1209: 1177: 1157: 1075: 1028: 844: 804: 793: 775: 678: 623: 536: 6858: 6827: 6544: 6397: 6239: 5941: 5281: 5183: 5143: 5135: 5095: 4959: 4711: 3275: 3081: 2975: 2956: 2877: 2850: 2838:, and each of the schools' comments on the Quran with their own point of view. 2783: 2757: 2624: 2537: 2344: 2313: 1646: 1126: 988: 975: 933: 878: 492: 461: 444: 348: 70: 4565:

Nooruddin, Allamah; Omar, Abdul Mannan; Omar, Mrs Amatul Rahman (2015-11-20).

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The Idea of European Islam: Religion, Ethics, Politics and Perpetual Modernity

3267: 2963:(1759–1834) has been understood retroperspective by many Muslim scholars as a 2673:) to form an opinion-oriented interpretation. The most distinctive feature of 1519:

claim that Muhammad has commented on the whole of the Quran, others including

6842: 6730: 6557: 6407: 5946: 5909: 5884: 5721: 5167: 5063: 4999: 3472:

Some works included numerous methodologies e.g. the very detailed tafsirs of

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an English translation and commentary of the Qur'an. Yüksel is a follower of

3037: 2987: 2796: 2705: 2618: 2596: 2554:. The authoritative source of method second to the Quran is Hadith, by using 2275: 2153: 2018: 2008: 1998: 1516: 1368: 1053: 958: 918: 253: 240: 141: 3630:

Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 7 (Part 7): Al-Ma'idah 82 to Al-An'am 110 2nd Edition

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The following criteria are in place to ensure a tafsir maintains fidelity.

161: 6817: 6742: 6392: 6244: 6122: 5838: 5687: 5672: 5386: 5079: 5023: 4922: 4871: 4408:

Tafsir and Islamic Intellectual History Exploring the Boundaries of a Genre

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Brill. "Al-Tabari, Abu Djafar Muhammad b. Djarir b. Yazid", Vol. 10, p. 14.

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can be categorized. The main issue of framing constitutes its methodology.

2379: 2113: 2073: 2053: 1837: 1817: 1568:. The whole of the Quran is interpreted, and narrations are separated from 1241: 1114: 1060: 797: 529: 518: 449: 226: 136: 4913: 3873:

Jackson, Sherman A.; Ġazzālī, Abū-Ḥāmid Muḥammad Ibn-Muḥammad al- (2003).

6369: 5859: 5767: 5667: 5554: 5159: 5047: 4967: 4654: 4383: 3189: 3154: 3071: 2991: 2960: 2955:), a seventeenth-century puritanical reformist religious movement in the 2799:

constitute legislation, social obligations, and constitution of a state.

2679: 2605: 2584: 2263: 2123: 1978: 1610: 1529:), thus indicating that he has commented only on a portion of the Quran. 1310: 856: 814: 738: 2769:. Classification of the place of revelation, whether it was revealed in 2692: 2667:, is the method of using one's independent rational reasoning and mind ( 6672: 5754: 5711: 5682: 4934: 3440: 3428: 3169: 2948: 2916: 2723: 2531: 2517: 2327: 2168: 2133: 1560: 1520: 1354: 1314: 861: 277: 248: 3707: 2483:, is the method of commenting on the Quran using traditional sources. 1337:

which seeks to address a wider audience, including the common people.

6377: 5808: 5750: 5697: 5565: 5195: 4991: 4327:"Quran Tafseer | Quran Tafseer in English |Tafsir ibn Kathir English" 3408: 3179: 3153:

and in the sayings (hadiths) of Shi'a Imams and the teachings of the

3092: 2921: 2816:(general) verses that aimed at universal conditions for Muslims, and 2507: 2088: 2003: 1993: 1968: 1923: 1857: 1852: 1802: 1767: 1547: 760: 4068: 3333: 1614:(lit. scholars of hadith) in their hadith books, under the topic of 1409: 6720: 6216: 6074: 6026: 5820: 5726: 5677: 5405: 4165:

Hierarchy in the Qur'an: Medieval Interpretations, Modern Responses

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were also widely employed. Notable compilers on this age including

1543: 1538:) undertook the task of interpretation, thus starting a new age in 1301:

There are different characteristics and traditions for each of the

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Not earlier than the mid-nineteenth century, the modern period of

6735: 6331: 6019: 5899: 5777: 5772: 5759: 5743: 5736: 5731: 5463: 3452: 3400: 3044:, and the heavier authority put on interpretations attributed to 2809: 2804: 2709: 2669: 2163: 2068: 2048: 1963: 1897: 1887: 1842: 1807: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1687: 1534: 1389: 1295: 903: 580: 265: 155: 2982:(scientific interpretation of the Quran), which claims that the 2262:). Mufassirs are required to master several disciplines such as 150: 6249: 6223: 6182: 6143: 6060: 5973: 5894: 5796: 5706: 5632: 5399: 5323: 3432: 3412: 3150: 2774: 2555: 2464: 2368: 2296: 2143: 2103: 2083: 2043: 2028: 1958: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1902: 1892: 1882: 1872: 1827: 1792: 1782: 1732: 1677: 1618:, along with other narrations of Muhammad. This indicates that 1582: 1577:

came into existence in different scholastic centers, including

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marks the classical period, which encompassed important Sunni

6498: 6323: 6277: 6265: 6067: 6053: 6012: 5789: 5627: 5484: 5470: 5391: 5354: 2959:, shared a lot of ideas with modern Islamic interpretations. 2854: 2791:) nature that includes believing in Allah, Muhammad, and the 2770: 2343:

scholars must be able to identify and account for abrogated (

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by opinion), which is arrived through personal reflection or

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Other source of the interpretation includes the accounts of

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In terms of linguistic resources, literary elements of the

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a tafsir must not contradict established Islamic theology (

2358: 2098: 2078: 2023: 1867: 1762: 1682: 1667: 1586: 1511: 1372: 694: 602: 4895:

The Qur'an with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English

2569:). Narratives of such origin are considered requisite for 2365:

Avoiding interpretations that contradict Islamic beliefs -

3270:, Layth Saleh al-Shaiban, and Martha Schulte-Nafeh wrote 3041: 2312:

a scholar must understand the reasons and circumstances (

1742: 4880:

The Majestic Quran: An English Rendition of Its Meanings

4567:

The Holy Quran - Exegesis of, Commentary and Reflections

2740:

or socio-cultural environment taken into consideration.

1271:

can be broadly divided into two main categories, namely

4645: 3570:

Mir, Mustansir. (1995). "Tafsīr". In John L. Esposito.

4590: 2608:), and then those coming after (the third generation). 1321:. There are also general distinctions between classic 3107:

are considered popular among Sunnis as well as shia.

2907:

are geneaological, they rely on the core of previous

2278:

before one can authoritatively interpret the Quran.

2257: 1231: 1171: 4569:(1st ed.). Noor Foundation International Inc. 4128:

The Study of Shi'i Islam: History, Theology and Law

3572:

The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World

3161:Among the most significant Sunni Sufi tafsirs are: 2984:

Quran miraculously predicted scientific discoveries

2777:, is important as well. This is because in general 2628:, which is the body of narratives originating from 1434:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4346: 2765:are considered to be some of the best sources for 2712:Islamic doctrine. Some important examples of such 2320:Consistency with early Tafsir (Tafsir al-Mathur) - 4808:The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary 4564: 3451:as an example of a legal tafsir according to the 6840: 4509:Scientific Exegesis in Malay Qur'anic Commentary 3758:Wāḥidī, Abu-'l-Ḥasan ʿAlī Ibn-Aḥmad al- (2008). 3667: 3399:typically written from the perspectives of the 2563:, and in general, must be of authentic origin ( 2392:There are several frames of reference in which 4210:Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices 3872: 5339: 4631: 4183: 4181: 3735:Die Richtungen der islamischen Koranauslegung 3220:Al-Bahr al-Madid fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Majid 2203: 1532:After the death of Muhammad, his companions ( 1134: 469: 4351:. In Felicitas Opwis; David Reisman (eds.). 4349:"The revealed text and the intended subtext" 3626: 2751:, eloquence, syntax are an integral part of 2636:explanatory stories and traditions (Hebrew: 1564:) started using a wide range of sources for 1358: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3362:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2834:Islamic theology is divided into myriad of 2450:'tafsir by opinion', also known as 2351:Knowledge of Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) - 5346: 5332: 4638: 4624: 4178: 4009:"The Hadith Book (48. Witnesses): nr. 819" 3627:Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad Saed (2009-10-29). 3403:of their respective authors. For example, 2802:On the more conceptual level, the idea of 2334:Application of reason (Tasfir bi'l-Ra'y) - 2210: 2196: 1141: 1127: 476: 462: 3984:"Sources of Prophet Muhammad's Knowledge" 3822: 3732: 3687:. Indianapolis, IN: American Trust Publ. 3382:Learn how and when to remove this message 2970:A rationalistic approach, as proposed by 2419:'received tafsir', also known as 2353:scholars must have deep understanding of 1494:Learn how and when to remove this message 4481: 3891: 3656: 2845: 1267:. In terms of perspective and approach, 3439:by Ilkiya was written according to the 2310:Knowledge of context (Asbab al-Nuzul) - 1523:cite the limited amount of narratives ( 1388:'s will which has been conveyed by the 14: 6841: 4427: 3847: 3782: 3757: 3300: 2303:Understanding of the Arabic language - 6584: 6352: 5968: 5327: 4619: 4524: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4255: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 3935: 3933: 3897: 3807: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3036:include expounding of the concept of 1325:compiled by authoritative figures of 1176: 6353: 5969: 4454: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3502:Esoteric interpretation of the Quran 3360:adding citations to reliable sources 3327: 3256:. In 1992, he published a 760-page, 3199:Ara'is al-Bayan fi Haqa'iq al-Qur'an 2600:, which accordingly, Muhammad said: 2588:, the generation after sahabah, and 1432:adding citations to reliable sources 1403: 4529:(Repr ed.). Oxford: Oneworld. 4513:The National University of Malaysia 3850:Principles of Islamic jurisprudence 3682: 3608:Al-Zehebi, Al-Tafsir vel Mufassirun 2536:, classical Arabic literature, and 2458: 2440: 2428: 2409: 2247: 2239: 1359: 1221: 1213: 1161: 24: 4549: 4369: 4271: 4250: 4232: 4141: 4130:Bloomsbury Publishing, 08.01.2014 4057:Muhsin Demirci, Tefsir Tarihi, 128 3930: 3918:from the original on 16 March 2015 3901:Sayyid Qutb: A Study of His Tafsir 3823:As-Suyuti, Imam Jalaludin (2015). 3574:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3124:. Secondly, the large Mu'tazilite 25: 6870: 4485:The Koran in English: A Biography 4482:Lawrence, Bruce B. (2020-10-06). 4208:Teresa Bernheimer, Andrew Rippin 4066: 3668:Allama Jalaludin, Suyuti (2008). 3653:Muhsin Demirci, Tefsir Usulü, 120 3535: 3323: 1542:. Most of the sahabah, including 6823: 6822: 6811: 6332:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 5522:Timeline of the history of Islam 5353: 4167:Cambridge University Press 2015 3848:Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (2011). 3467: 3332: 3295: 3209:Ruh al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an 3077:Majma al-Bayan lif'ulum al-Quran 1408: 1108: 507: 6683:List of ex-Muslim organisations 4601:from the original on 2018-07-23 4583: 4558: 4543: 4518: 4502: 4475: 4448: 4428:Hashas, Mohammed (2018-07-24). 4421: 4406:Andreas Görke and Johanna Pink 4400: 4340: 4319: 4302: 4285: 4262: 4223: 4202: 4157: 4120: 4099: 4086: 4075:from the original on 2019-01-18 4060: 4051: 4040:from the original on 2010-06-13 4026: 4015:from the original on 2015-04-14 4001: 3990:from the original on 2011-07-13 3976: 3965:from the original on 2010-10-22 3951: 3942: 3904:. The Other Press. p. 28. 3866: 3841: 3816: 3801: 3776: 3751: 3726: 3591:from the original on 2017-06-27 3272:Quran: A Reformist Translation, 1419:needs additional citations for 1355:three-letter Arabic verbal root 4488:. Princeton University Press. 3701: 3676: 3647: 3620: 3611: 3602: 3577: 3431:were written according to the 13: 1: 5176:Al Kauthar fi Tafsir Al Quran 4984:Al-Tibbyan Fi Tafsir al-Quran 3898:Yusuf, Badmas 'Lanre (2009). 3787:. Dar-us-Salam Publications. 3528: 3458: 3411:was written according to the 3290:Exposition of the Holy Qur'an 3260:-like exegetical work called 3129:at-Tahdib fi tafsir al-Qur'an 3067:Al-Tibbyan Fi Tafsir al-Quran 2891:is one of the most important 2582:, companions of Muhammad, or 2387: 1296:independent rational thinking 6668:Apostasy in Islam by country 6535:Liberalism and progressivism 4976:Al-Burhan Fi Tafsir al-Quran 4094:Encyclopedia of Islam 2nd ed 3810:Muqaddimah fi Usul at-Tafsir 3425:al-Jaami' Li'Aḥkam al-Qur'an 3110: 2863:Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari 2547:Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an 1340: 7: 5152:Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir al-Quran 4355:. Brill. pp. 367–373. 4347:Suleiman A. Mourad (2011). 4189:The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia 3948:Taberi, Camiul Beyan, I, 27 3710:Al-itqān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān 3633:. MSA Publication Limited. 3495: 3484:Mufti Ahmad Yar Khan Naeemi 3421:Qaḍi Abū Bakr ibn al-'Arabī 3288:translated into English as 3243: 3237:Mufti Ahmad Yar Khan Naeemi 3103:in its quality. Some Zaidi 3011:), under the editorship of 2513:Tafseer al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓeem 2258: 2229: 1637: 1379: 1348: 1232: 1202: 1172: 682:("Stories of the Prophets") 10: 6875: 6585: 4647:Tafsīr (Qur'anic exegesis) 4527:The Qur'an: a user's guide 4191:Taylor & Francis 2006 3825:Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an 3783:Kathir, Hafix Ibn (2000). 3760:Al-Wāḥidī's Asbāb al-nuzūl 3737:. Fachbuchverlag-Dresden. 3026: 3013:Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman 2827: 2552:Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i 2322:the prophet's companions ( 1916:Legal vocations and titles 1399: 29: 6806: 6691: 6658: 6598: 6594: 6580: 6507: 6474: 6446:Geography and cartography 6421: 6368: 6364: 6348: 6174: 6096: 6043: 5992: 5988: 5964: 5834: 5658: 5618: 5501: 5453: 5377: 5373: 5362: 5308: 5250:The Message of The Qur'an 5239: 5194: 4933: 4912: 4653: 4552:شرح مقدمة في أصول التفسير 3733:Goldziher, Ignaz (1920). 3166:Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Azim 3004:Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm 2857:, self-portrait 1555–1556 2293:Knowledge of the Sunnah - 1595:Jewish apocryphal reports 1396:and one's own knowledge. 1255:deals with the issues of 1181: 6765:Islamic view of miracles 5056:Tafsir Noor al-Thaqalayn 3443:Madhhab. Some also cite 3213:Isma'il Haqqi al-Brusewi 2878:Tafsir of Al-Zamakhshari 2853:writing a Tafsir on the 2841: 2823: 2286:Knowledge of the Quran - 1305:representing respective 1190:, or commentary, of the 771:Medieval Islamic science 6520:Creationism (evolution) 5298:Tafsir Ishraq Al-Ma'ani 5229:The 5 Volume Commentary 4455:Musa, A. (2008-05-12). 3683:Mir, Mustansir (1986). 3585:"Interpreting The Text" 3138: 2787:(loosely translated as 2663:, or commonly known as 2520:. The sources used for 2479:, or commonly known as 1331:formative ages of Islam 32:Tafsir (disambiguation) 6780:Persecution of Muslims 6678:List of former Muslims 5527:Succession to Muhammad 4212:Routledge, 01.03.2013 3670:الاتقان فی علوم القرآن 3310:. A common example is 2858: 2697: 2610: 1506:The first examples of 1392:text, by means of the 781:Succession to Muhammad 18:Qur'anic exegesis 6564:Conversion to mosques 6431:Alchemy and chemistry 4525:Esack, Farid (2008). 4109:Routledge 03.04.2013 2849: 2684: 2602: 2355:Islamic jurisprudence 1307:schools and doctrines 107:Birmingham manuscript 92:Samarkand Kufic Quran 27:Exegesis of the Quran 6290:Ma malakat aymanukum 5865:Association football 5764:Moderate Kharijites 5313:List of tafsir works 5016:Tafsīr Abū al- Futūḥ 4944:Tafsir Imam al-Sadiq 3617:Şatibi, El-muvafakat 3518:List of tafsir works 3508:Quranic hermeneutics 3356:improve this section 2836:schools and branches 2830:List of tafsir works 2734:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 2708:, and prohibited by 2341:Abrogation (Naskh) - 1428:improve this article 1353:is derived from the 1273:tafsir bi-al-ma'thur 820:Association football 30:For other uses, see 6849:Islamic terminology 4800:Tafsir Zia ul Quran 4163:Karen Bauer Gender 3301:Scientific approach 3282:Ghulam Ahmed Perwez 3133:al-Hakim al-Jishumi 3087:On the other hand, 2675:tafsir bi-al-diraya 2665:tafsir bi-al-diraya 2654:Tafsir bi'd-dirayah 2642:Abrahamic religions 2522:tafsir bi'r-riwāyah 2498:tafsir bi'r-riwāyah 2485:Tafsir bi'r-riwāyah 2481:Tafsir bi'r-riwāyah 2477:Tafsir bi'l-ma'thur 2470:Tafsir bi'r-Riwayah 2466:Tafsir bi'l-Ma'thur 2452:tafsīr bi'd-dirayah 2421:tafsīr bi'r-riwāyah 2402:tafsīr bi'l-ma'thūr 1589:. Iraqi schools of 581:Profession of Faith 554:Day of Resurrection 6785:Quran and miracles 6699:Criticism of Islam 6403:Geometric patterns 6255:Gender segregation 5826:Non-denominational 5040:Menhaj Al-Sadeghin 4760:Tafsir al-Jalalayn 4736:Tafsir al-Nisaburi 4688:Tafsir al-Tha'labi 4680:Tafsir al-Maturidi 3939:Tirmizi, Tafsir, 1 3523:Quran translations 3318:Fakhruddin al-Razi 3186:Lata'if al-Isharat 3052:are influenced by 3023:appeared in 1983. 2859: 2326:) and successors ( 1327:Muslim scholarship 356:Biblical parallels 102:Topkapi manuscript 6836: 6835: 6802: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6770:Domestic violence 6760:Islamic terrorism 6755:Islamic extremism 6576: 6575: 6572: 6571: 6344: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6130:Marriage contract 5960: 5959: 5920:Political aspects 5649:Story of Prophets 5418:Prophets of Islam 5321: 5320: 5258:Fi Zilal al-Quran 5221:Tafseer-e-Sagheer 4952:Tafsir Furat Kufi 4902:Tauzeeh Al-Qur'an 4888:Tafsir al-Mishbah 4784:Tafsir al-Mazhari 4768:Al-Dur al-Manthur 4752:Tafsir Ibn Kathir 4744:Tafsir Ibn Juzayy 4728:Tafsir al-Baydawi 4720:Tafsir al-Qurtubi 4704:Tafsir Ibn Atiyya 4696:Tafsir al-Baghawi 4554:. pp. 1/122. 4536:978-1-85168-354-3 4495:978-0-691-20921-0 4468:978-0-230-61197-9 4441:978-1-351-60400-0 4416:978-0-19-870206-1 4314:978-0-19-870206-1 4297:978-0-19-870206-1 4197:978-0-415-32639-1 4173:978-1-316-24005-2 3884:978-0-19-579791-6 3859:978-0-946621-82-8 3785:Tafsir Ibn Kathir 3769:978-1-891785-18-4 3719:978-1-85964-242-9 3694:978-0-89259-065-0 3640:978-1-86179-691-2 3392: 3391: 3384: 3286:Mafhoom-ul-Quran, 3262:Kur'an'daki Islam 3250:Yaşar Nuri Öztürk 3203:Ruzbihan al-Baqli 3176:Haqa'iq al-Tafsir 3099:resembling Sunni 3009:Tafsir Ibn Kathir 2996:Abul A'la Maududi 2930:Al-Dur al-Manthur 2872:Tafsir al-Thalabi 2615:Arabic literature 2449: 2418: 2256: 2220: 2219: 1626:and emergence of 1504: 1503: 1496: 1478: 1288:tafsir bi-al-ra'y 1230: 1194:. An author of a 1170: 1151: 1150: 1081:Deobandi jihadism 486: 485: 370:Mentioned by name 16:(Redirected from 6866: 6854:Quranic exegesis 6826: 6825: 6818:Islam portal 6816: 6815: 6814: 6596: 6595: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6423:Medieval science 6366: 6365: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6007:Economic history 5990: 5989: 5966: 5965: 5952:Islam by country 5737:Bektashi Alevism 5375: 5374: 5366:Outline of Islam 5348: 5341: 5334: 5325: 5324: 5290:Tadabbur-i-Quran 5213:Tafseer-e-Kabeer 5205:Haqaiq al-furqan 5120:Makhzan al-Irfan 5112:Partovi az Quran 5032:Al-Mohit al-azam 4864:Tafsir Ibn Ashur 4848:Ma'ariful Qur'an 4824:Tafseer-e-Majidi 4816:Tafseer-e-Usmani 4776:Tafsir Ibn Ajiba 4672:Tafsir al-Tabari 4664:Tanwir al-Miqbas 4640: 4633: 4626: 4617: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4606: 4587: 4581: 4580: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4522: 4516: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4425: 4419: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4394: 4380: 4367: 4366: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4334: 4323: 4317: 4306: 4300: 4289: 4283: 4280: 4269: 4266: 4260: 4257: 4248: 4245: 4230: 4227: 4221: 4206: 4200: 4185: 4176: 4161: 4155: 4152: 4139: 4124: 4118: 4103: 4097: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4080: 4067:Zayed, Tareq M. 4064: 4058: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4045: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4011:. Search Truth. 4005: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3995: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3970: 3955: 3949: 3946: 3940: 3937: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3827:. Dar Ibn Hazm. 3820: 3814: 3813: 3808:Taymiyyah, Ibn. 3805: 3799: 3798: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3665: 3654: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3624: 3618: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3596: 3581: 3575: 3568: 3387: 3380: 3376: 3373: 3367: 3336: 3328: 3313:Mafatih al-Ghayb 3225:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba 3198: 3046:The Twelve Imams 2889:Tafsir al-Tabari 2884:Tafsir al-Tabari 2781:tend to have an 2729:Mafatih al-Ghayb 2695: 2661:Tafsir bi'r-ra'y 2650:Tafsir bi'r-Ra'y 2591:Tabi‘ al-Tabi‘in 2460: 2444: 2442: 2433:tafsīr bi'r-ra'y 2430: 2413: 2411: 2410:التفسير بالمأثور 2261: 2251: 2249: 2241: 2232: 2212: 2205: 2198: 2174:Tabi' al-Tabi'in 1642: 1641: 1604:Until this age, 1599:Sufyan al-Thawri 1499: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1479: 1477: 1436: 1412: 1404: 1382: 1362: 1361: 1351: 1235: 1225: 1223: 1215: 1205: 1185: 1179: 1175: 1165: 1163: 1143: 1136: 1129: 1115:Islam portal 1113: 1112: 1111: 511: 488: 487: 478: 471: 464: 422:Quran and Sunnah 97:Sanaa manuscript 66:First revelation 39: 38: 21: 6874: 6873: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6839: 6838: 6837: 6832: 6812: 6810: 6794: 6716:Cultural Muslim 6687: 6654: 6600:Other religions 6590: 6586: 6568: 6503: 6470: 6417: 6360: 6358:Islamic studies 6354: 6336: 6170: 6115: 6092: 6039: 5984: 5983: 5956: 5905:Moral teachings 5848: 5830: 5804:Nation of Islam 5717:Twelver Shi'ism 5654: 5620:Religious texts 5614: 5532:Early conquests 5515: 5497: 5449: 5369: 5358: 5352: 5322: 5317: 5304: 5274:Tafhim-ul-Quran 5266:Tafsir al-Manar 5235: 5190: 5128:Tafsir al-Mizan 5088:Tafsir Nemooneh 5072:Bayan al-Sa‘ada 5008:Majma' al-Bayan 4929: 4908: 4856:Maarif al-Quran 4792:Tafsir al-Alusi 4649: 4644: 4614: 4613: 4604: 4602: 4589: 4588: 4584: 4577: 4563: 4559: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4523: 4519: 4507: 4503: 4496: 4480: 4476: 4469: 4453: 4449: 4442: 4426: 4422: 4405: 4401: 4392: 4390: 4382: 4381: 4370: 4363: 4345: 4341: 4332: 4330: 4325: 4324: 4320: 4307: 4303: 4290: 4286: 4281: 4272: 4267: 4263: 4258: 4251: 4246: 4233: 4228: 4224: 4207: 4203: 4186: 4179: 4162: 4158: 4153: 4142: 4126:Farhad Daftary 4125: 4121: 4104: 4100: 4092:C.E. Bosworth. 4091: 4087: 4078: 4076: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4052: 4043: 4041: 4032: 4031: 4027: 4018: 4016: 4007: 4006: 4002: 3993: 3991: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3968: 3966: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3931: 3921: 3919: 3912: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3871: 3867: 3860: 3846: 3842: 3835: 3821: 3817: 3806: 3802: 3795: 3781: 3777: 3770: 3756: 3752: 3745: 3731: 3727: 3720: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3681: 3677: 3666: 3657: 3652: 3648: 3641: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3603: 3594: 3592: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3569: 3536: 3531: 3513:Islamic studies 3498: 3470: 3461: 3453:Hanbali Madhhab 3437:Aḥkam al-Qur'an 3417:Aḥkam al-Qur'an 3405:Aḥkam al-Qur'an 3388: 3377: 3371: 3368: 3353: 3337: 3326: 3303: 3298: 3246: 3196: 3141: 3113: 3084:(d. 548/1153). 3074:(460/1067) and 3029: 2972:Syed Ahmad Khan 2844: 2832: 2826: 2793:day of judgment 2767:Islamic history 2745:Arabic language 2719:Anwar al-Tanzil 2696: 2690: 2658: 2630:Judeo-Christian 2474: 2390: 2222:An author of a 2216: 1984:Hujjat al-Islam 1929:Shaykh al-Islām 1640: 1500: 1489: 1483: 1480: 1437: 1435: 1425: 1413: 1402: 1394:Arabic language 1343: 1277:Islamic prophet 1251:Principally, a 1186:) refers to an 1147: 1109: 1107: 1100: 1099: 1076:Salafi jihadism 1034:Other religions 1029:Arabic language 991: 981: 980: 909:Moral teachings 800: 786: 785: 776:Spread of Islam 721: 711: 710: 698:(jurisprudence) 680:Qisas al-Anbiya 629: 628: 608: 607: 576: 566: 565: 521: 482: 437: 436: 412: 411: 402: 401: 387: 386: 385:Characteristics 377: 376: 366: 364:Related persons 329: 328: 317: 316: 295: 294: 283: 282: 244: 243: 232: 231: 178: 177: 168: 167: 122: 121: 112: 111: 56: 55: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6872: 6862: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6820: 6807: 6804: 6803: 6800: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6751: 6750: 6740: 6739: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6718: 6713: 6712: 6711: 6706: 6695: 6693: 6692:Related topics 6689: 6688: 6686: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6664: 6662: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6626: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6604: 6602: 6592: 6591: 6578: 6577: 6574: 6573: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6566: 6561: 6554: 6549: 6548: 6547: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6511: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6480: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6427: 6425: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6374: 6372: 6362: 6361: 6346: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6334: 6329: 6328: 6327: 6315: 6313:Sources of law 6310: 6305: 6304: 6303: 6293: 6286: 6281: 6274: 6269: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6220: 6213: 6212: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6191: 6186: 6178: 6176: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6168: 6161: 6154: 6147: 6140: 6133: 6126: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6083: 6078: 6071: 6064: 6057: 6049: 6047: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6016: 6009: 6004: 5998: 5996: 5986: 5985: 5982: 5981: 5976: 5970: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5937:Social welfare 5934: 5929: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5846: 5841: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5817: 5816: 5806: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5794: 5793: 5792: 5787: 5786: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5762: 5748: 5747: 5746: 5741: 5740: 5739: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5709: 5704: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5700: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5664: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5652: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5624: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5563: 5558: 5551: 5544: 5542:Historiography 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5513: 5508: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5488: 5481: 5474: 5467: 5459: 5457: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5414: 5413: 5403: 5396: 5395: 5394: 5383: 5381: 5371: 5370: 5363: 5360: 5359: 5351: 5350: 5343: 5336: 5328: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5302: 5294: 5286: 5282:Tazkirul Quran 5278: 5270: 5262: 5254: 5245: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5233: 5225: 5217: 5209: 5200: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5184:Tafsir Meshkat 5180: 5172: 5164: 5156: 5148: 5144:Tafsir Hedayat 5140: 5136:Tafsir Rahnama 5132: 5124: 5116: 5108: 5104:The Holy Quran 5100: 5096:Tasneem Tafsir 5092: 5084: 5076: 5068: 5060: 5052: 5044: 5036: 5028: 5020: 5012: 5004: 4996: 4988: 4980: 4972: 4964: 4960:Tafsir Ayyashi 4956: 4948: 4939: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4927: 4918: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4906: 4898: 4892: 4884: 4876: 4868: 4860: 4852: 4844: 4836: 4828: 4820: 4812: 4804: 4796: 4788: 4780: 4772: 4764: 4756: 4748: 4740: 4732: 4724: 4716: 4712:Tafsir al-Razi 4708: 4700: 4692: 4684: 4676: 4668: 4659: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4643: 4642: 4635: 4628: 4620: 4612: 4611: 4582: 4575: 4557: 4550:بازمول, محمد. 4542: 4535: 4517: 4501: 4494: 4474: 4467: 4447: 4440: 4420: 4399: 4368: 4361: 4339: 4318: 4301: 4284: 4270: 4261: 4249: 4231: 4222: 4201: 4187:Oliver Leaman 4177: 4156: 4140: 4119: 4098: 4085: 4059: 4050: 4025: 4000: 3975: 3950: 3941: 3929: 3910: 3890: 3883: 3865: 3858: 3840: 3834:978-9953816197 3833: 3815: 3800: 3794:978-1591440208 3793: 3775: 3768: 3750: 3744:978-3956926365 3743: 3725: 3718: 3700: 3693: 3675: 3672:. Darul Ishat. 3655: 3646: 3639: 3619: 3610: 3601: 3576: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3497: 3494: 3482:in Arabic and 3469: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3433:Maliki Madhhab 3413:Hanafi Madhhab 3390: 3389: 3340: 3338: 3331: 3325: 3324:Legal approach 3322: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3276:Rashad Khalifa 3254:Umayyad period 3245: 3242: 3241: 3240: 3239:(d. 1391/1921) 3228: 3227:(d. 1224/1809) 3216: 3215:(d. 1137/1725) 3206: 3193: 3183: 3173: 3140: 3137: 3112: 3109: 3082:Shaykh Tabarsi 3028: 3025: 2976:Muhammad Abduh 2957:Ottoman Empire 2899:The period of 2851:Mir Sayyid Ali 2843: 2840: 2825: 2822: 2797:Medinan verses 2758:Asbab al-nuzul 2688: 2657: 2647: 2503:Jāmiʿ al-Bayān 2473: 2463: 2459:تفسير بالدراية 2441:التفسير بالرأي 2429:تفسير بالرواية 2389: 2386: 2385: 2384: 2362: 2348: 2338: 2331: 2317: 2314:asbab al-nuzul 2307: 2300: 2290: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2214: 2207: 2200: 2192: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2179:Da'i al-Mutlaq 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1918: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1911: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1757: 1756: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1672: 1671: 1663: 1662: 1654: 1653: 1639: 1636: 1502: 1501: 1416: 1414: 1407: 1401: 1398: 1342: 1339: 1149: 1148: 1146: 1145: 1138: 1131: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1063: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1051: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1004: 1003: 998: 992: 989:Related topics 987: 986: 983: 982: 979: 978: 973: 971:Social welfare 968: 963: 962: 961: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 865: 864: 859: 849: 848: 847: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 801: 792: 791: 788: 787: 784: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 757: 756: 749: 742: 734: 733: 728: 722: 717: 716: 713: 712: 709: 708: 700: 691: 690: 684: 676: 668: 659: 658: 638: 630: 627: 626: 621: 615: 614: 613: 610: 609: 606: 605: 600: 595: 589: 588: 583: 577: 572: 571: 568: 567: 564: 563: 561:Predestination 557: 556: 551: 545: 544: 542:Revealed Books 539: 533: 532: 522: 517: 516: 513: 512: 504: 503: 497: 496: 484: 483: 481: 480: 473: 466: 458: 455: 454: 453: 452: 447: 439: 438: 435: 434: 429: 424: 419: 413: 409: 408: 407: 404: 403: 400: 399: 394: 388: 384: 383: 382: 379: 378: 375: 374: 373: 372: 362: 359: 358: 352: 351: 346: 341: 336: 330: 324: 323: 322: 319: 318: 315: 314: 313: 312: 307: 296: 290: 289: 288: 285: 284: 281: 280: 275: 269: 268: 263: 257: 256: 251: 245: 239: 238: 237: 234: 233: 230: 229: 224: 219: 213: 212: 207: 202: 196: 195: 190: 185: 179: 175: 174: 173: 170: 169: 166: 165: 158: 153: 147: 146: 145: 144: 139: 134: 123: 119: 118: 117: 114: 113: 110: 109: 104: 99: 94: 88: 87: 83: 82: 76: 75: 74: 73: 71:Asbab al-Nuzul 68: 57: 51: 50: 49: 46: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6871: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6829: 6821: 6819: 6809: 6808: 6805: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6749: 6746: 6745: 6744: 6741: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6731:Post-Islamism 6729: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6700: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6690: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6665: 6663: 6661: 6657: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6624: 6623:Protestantism 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6610: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6583: 6579: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6559: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6506: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6473: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6461:Ophthalmology 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6420: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6351: 6347: 6333: 6330: 6326: 6325: 6321: 6320: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6225: 6221: 6219: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6209:Death penalty 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6184: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6175:Other aspects 6173: 6167: 6166: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6155: 6153: 6152: 6148: 6146: 6145: 6141: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6132: 6131: 6127: 6125: 6124: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6063: 6062: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6042: 6036: 6035: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6024: 6022: 6021: 6017: 6015: 6014: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5980: 5979:Jurisprudence 5977: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5833: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5815: 5812: 5811: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5798: 5795: 5791: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5770: 5769: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5749: 5745: 5742: 5738: 5735: 5734: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5699: 5696: 5695: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5660:Denominations 5657: 5651: 5650: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5617: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5573: 5569: 5568: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5550: 5549: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5489: 5487: 5486: 5482: 5480: 5479: 5475: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5446: 5445:Holiest sites 5443: 5441: 5440:Judgement Day 5438: 5436: 5435: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5367: 5361: 5356: 5349: 5344: 5342: 5337: 5335: 5330: 5329: 5326: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5307: 5300: 5299: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5238: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5168:Tafsir Roshan 5165: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5154: 5153: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5138: 5137: 5133: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5064:Tafsir Shobar 5061: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5037: 5034: 5033: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5005: 5002: 5001: 5000:Tafsir Numani 4997: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4981: 4978: 4977: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4932: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4911: 4904: 4903: 4899: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4874: 4873: 4869: 4866: 4865: 4861: 4858: 4857: 4853: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4840:Noor ul-Irfan 4837: 4834: 4833: 4832:Tafsir Naeemi 4829: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4797: 4794: 4793: 4789: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4770: 4769: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4730: 4729: 4725: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4682: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4641: 4636: 4634: 4629: 4627: 4622: 4621: 4618: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4586: 4578: 4576:9781942043041 4572: 4568: 4561: 4553: 4546: 4538: 4532: 4528: 4521: 4514: 4510: 4505: 4497: 4491: 4487: 4486: 4478: 4470: 4464: 4460: 4459: 4451: 4443: 4437: 4434:. Routledge. 4433: 4432: 4424: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4403: 4389: 4385: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4364: 4362:9789004217768 4358: 4354: 4350: 4343: 4328: 4322: 4315: 4311: 4305: 4298: 4294: 4288: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4265: 4256: 4254: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4226: 4219: 4218:9781136646515 4215: 4211: 4205: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4184: 4182: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4137: 4136:9780857723383 4133: 4129: 4123: 4116: 4115:9781136115226 4112: 4108: 4105:Herbert Berg 4102: 4095: 4089: 4074: 4070: 4063: 4054: 4039: 4035: 4029: 4014: 4010: 4004: 3989: 3985: 3979: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3945: 3936: 3934: 3917: 3913: 3911:9789675062278 3907: 3903: 3902: 3894: 3886: 3880: 3876: 3869: 3861: 3855: 3851: 3844: 3836: 3830: 3826: 3819: 3811: 3804: 3796: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3771: 3765: 3761: 3754: 3746: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3721: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3696: 3690: 3686: 3679: 3671: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3650: 3642: 3636: 3632: 3631: 3623: 3614: 3605: 3590: 3586: 3580: 3573: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3534: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3493: 3491: 3490: 3489:Tafsir Naeemi 3485: 3481: 3480: 3475: 3468:Comprehensive 3465: 3456: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3445:Zad al-Maseer 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3386: 3383: 3375: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3341:This section 3339: 3335: 3330: 3329: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3314: 3309: 3296:Methodologies 3293: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3238: 3234: 3233: 3232:Tafsir Naeemi 3229: 3226: 3222: 3221: 3217: 3214: 3210: 3207: 3205:(d. 606/1209) 3204: 3200: 3194: 3192:(d. 465/1072) 3191: 3187: 3184: 3182:(d. 412/1021) 3181: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3136: 3134: 3130: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3108: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3005: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2988:Amin al-Khuli 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2885: 2880: 2879: 2874: 2873: 2868: 2864: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2839: 2837: 2831: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2806: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2779:Meccan verses 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2730: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2706:Ibn Taymiyyah 2703: 2694: 2687: 2683: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2671: 2666: 2662: 2655: 2651: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2626: 2620: 2619:Arabic poetry 2616: 2609: 2607: 2601: 2599: 2598: 2597:Sahih Bukhari 2593: 2592: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2580: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2548: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2534: 2529: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2447: 2438: 2434: 2426: 2422: 2416: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2375: 2374:Ilm al-Aqa'id 2370: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2342: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2308: 2306:rhetoric) and 2304: 2301: 2298: 2294: 2291: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2276:jurisprudence 2273: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2254: 2245: 2237: 2233: 2231: 2225: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2190: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1999:Seghatoleslam 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1674: 1673: 1670: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1536: 1530: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1517:ibn Taymiyyah 1513: 1509: 1498: 1495: 1487: 1476: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1445: – 1444: 1440: 1439:Find sources: 1433: 1429: 1423: 1422: 1417:This article 1415: 1411: 1406: 1405: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1381: 1375: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1338: 1336: 1333:, and modern 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1261:jurisprudence 1258: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1236:). A Quranic 1234: 1228: 1219: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1204: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1178: 1174: 1168: 1159: 1155: 1144: 1139: 1137: 1132: 1130: 1125: 1124: 1122: 1121: 1116: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1103: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1086:Military laws 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 993: 990: 985: 984: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 960: 957: 956: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 944:Proselytizing 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 863: 860: 858: 855: 854: 853: 852:Denominations 850: 846: 843: 842: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 802: 799: 795: 790: 789: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 758: 755: 754: 750: 748: 747: 743: 741: 740: 736: 735: 732: 729: 727: 724: 723: 720: 715: 714: 707: 705: 701: 699: 697: 693: 692: 688: 685: 683: 681: 677: 675: 673: 669: 667: 665: 661: 660: 656: 655: 650: 649: 644: 643: 639: 637: 636: 632: 631: 625: 622: 620: 617: 616: 612: 611: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 590: 587: 584: 582: 579: 578: 575: 570: 569: 562: 559: 558: 555: 552: 550: 547: 546: 543: 540: 538: 535: 534: 531: 527: 524: 523: 520: 515: 514: 510: 506: 505: 502: 499: 498: 494: 490: 489: 479: 474: 472: 467: 465: 460: 459: 457: 456: 451: 448: 446: 443: 442: 441: 440: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 414: 406: 405: 398: 395: 393: 390: 389: 381: 380: 371: 368: 367: 365: 361: 360: 357: 354: 353: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 331: 327: 321: 320: 311: 308: 306: 303: 302: 301: 298: 297: 293: 287: 286: 279: 276: 274: 271: 270: 267: 264: 262: 259: 258: 255: 252: 250: 247: 246: 242: 236: 235: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 214: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 197: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 180: 172: 171: 164: 163: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 148: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 129: 128: 125: 124: 116: 115: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 89: 85: 84: 81: 78: 77: 72: 69: 67: 64: 63: 62: 59: 58: 54: 48: 47: 44: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 6743:Islamophobia 6608:Christianity 6556: 6489:Contemporary 6383:Architecture 6322: 6288: 6276: 6264: 6222: 6215: 6181: 6163: 6158:Nikah mut'ah 6156: 6149: 6142: 6135: 6128: 6121: 6085: 6073: 6066: 6059: 6052: 6032: 6025: 6018: 6011: 5924: 5647: 5637: 5571: 5553: 5546: 5490: 5483: 5476: 5469: 5462: 5455:Five Pillars 5432: 5398: 5387:God in Islam 5364: 5296: 5288: 5280: 5272: 5264: 5256: 5248: 5227: 5219: 5211: 5203: 5182: 5174: 5166: 5158: 5150: 5142: 5134: 5126: 5118: 5110: 5102: 5094: 5086: 5080:Tafsir Novin 5078: 5070: 5062: 5054: 5046: 5038: 5030: 5024:Tafsir Gazur 5022: 5014: 5006: 4998: 4990: 4982: 4974: 4966: 4958: 4950: 4942: 4923:Al-Kashshaaf 4921: 4900: 4886: 4878: 4872:Risale-i Nur 4870: 4862: 4854: 4846: 4838: 4830: 4822: 4814: 4806: 4798: 4790: 4782: 4774: 4766: 4758: 4750: 4742: 4734: 4726: 4718: 4710: 4702: 4694: 4686: 4678: 4670: 4662: 4646: 4603:. 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Retrieved 3579: 3571: 3487: 3479:Tafsir Kabir 3477: 3471: 3462: 3449:ibn al-Jawzi 3444: 3436: 3424: 3416: 3404: 3395: 3393: 3378: 3369: 3354:Please help 3342: 3311: 3307: 3304: 3289: 3285: 3280: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3257: 3247: 3230: 3218: 3208: 3195: 3185: 3175: 3172:(d. 283/896) 3165: 3160: 3145: 3142: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3114: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3088: 3086: 3075: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3049: 3033: 3030: 3016: 3008: 3002: 3000: 2980:tafsir 'ilmi 2979: 2969: 2964: 2952: 2944: 2940: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2924:(1445–1505) 2912: 2908: 2904: 2901:Ibn Taimiyya 2898: 2892: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2866: 2861:The time of 2860: 2833: 2817: 2813: 2803: 2801: 2788: 2782: 2762: 2756: 2752: 2747:, including 2742: 2737: 2727: 2717: 2713: 2701: 2698: 2685: 2674: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2659: 2653: 2649: 2637: 2623: 2617:. Classical 2611: 2603: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2575: 2570: 2564: 2560: 2545: 2542: 2532: 2526: 2521: 2511: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2469: 2465: 2451: 2432: 2420: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2391: 2380:Ilm al-Kalam 2378: 2372: 2364: 2350: 2340: 2333: 2319: 2309: 2302: 2292: 2289:consistency. 2285: 2280: 2227: 2226:is called a 2223: 2221: 2063: 1877: 1751: 1666: 1659:Usul al-Fiqh 1657: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1609: 1605: 1603: 1590: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1559: 1557: 1551: 1539: 1533: 1531: 1524: 1507: 1505: 1490: 1481: 1471: 1464: 1457: 1450: 1438: 1426:Please help 1421:verification 1418: 1377: 1363: 1346: 1344: 1334: 1322: 1302: 1300: 1291: 1287: 1272: 1268: 1252: 1250: 1237: 1200: 1199: 1195: 1182: 1153: 1152: 1061:Islamophobia 840:Demographics 835:Circumcision 751: 744: 737: 703: 695: 679: 671: 663: 662: 652: 646: 640: 633: 450:Islam portal 339:Hermeneutics 325: 292:Translations 160: 36: 6613:Catholicism 6508:Other areas 6499:Theological 6494:Eschatology 6451:Mathematics 6388:Calligraphy 6318:Theological 6272:Inheritance 6189:Cleanliness 5561:Shi'a Imams 5555:Ahl al-Bayt 5293:(1904-1997) 5277:(1942-1972) 5269:(1865-1935) 5261:(1951-1965) 5160:Tafsir Noor 5131:(1892–1981) 5123:(1877–1983) 5083:(1907~1987) 5048:Tafsir Safi 5035:(1375~1376) 5027:(1377~1341) 4968:Tafsir Qomi 4875:(1910-1950) 4835:(1941-1971) 4811:(1934-1938) 4803:(1918–1998) 4763:(1460–1505) 4595:tafsirs.com 4418:pp. 446–449 4388:ismaili.net 4138:pp. 104-105 4117:pp. 120-128 4034:"Al-Mawrid" 3922:18 December 3268:Edip Yüksel 3190:al-Qushayri 3072:Shaykh Tusi 3021:Pierre Godé 2992:Sayyid Qutb 2961:Al-Shawkānī 2922:Al-Suyuti's 2625:Isra'iliyat 2538:Isra'iliyat 2264:linguistics 1979:Grand Mufti 1611:muhaddithun 1329:during the 1311:Sunni Islam 1257:linguistics 1244:'s will in 1183:explanation 1180:; English: 739:Ahl al-Bayt 624:Foundations 344:Esotericism 222:Eschatology 86:Manuscripts 80:Historicity 6843:Categories 6673:Ex-Muslims 6558:Shu'ubiyya 6552:Psychology 6540:Literature 6530:Inventions 6476:Philosophy 6284:Leadership 6260:Honorifics 5915:Philosophy 5722:Isma'ilism 5683:Maturidism 5566:Caliphates 5537:Golden Age 5428:Revelation 4605:2018-07-29 4515:, Malaysia 4393:2022-02-11 4333:2023-07-31 4220:chapter 11 4079:2016-04-03 4044:2009-10-07 4019:2013-07-21 3994:2010-11-12 3969:2010-11-12 3595:2010-11-11 3529:References 3459:Linguistic 3429:al-Qurtubi 3372:March 2019 3170:al-Tustari 3060:and their 2953:Qādīzādali 2949:Kadizadeli 2917:Ibn Kathir 2869:, such as 2828:See also: 2749:morphology 2724:al-Baydawi 2682:verse 29: 2556:narratives 2518:ibn Kathir 2388:Principles 2337:consensus. 2259:mufassirūn 2242:; plural: 2134:Mujahideen 1628:mufassirun 1484:April 2022 1454:newspapers 1315:Shia Islam 1309:, such as 1284:companions 1233:mufassirūn 1216:; plural: 929:Philosophy 666:(exegesis) 603:Pilgrimage 593:Almsgiving 432:Shi’a view 349:Abrogation 162:Muqatta'at 6790:Symbolism 6748:Incidents 6726:Criticism 6618:Mormonism 6515:Astrology 6441:Cosmology 6436:Astronomy 6378:Arabesque 6245:Etiquette 6204:Blasphemy 5994:Economics 5809:Ahmadiyya 5751:Muhakkima 5698:Wahhabism 5688:Mu'tazili 5673:Ash'arism 4992:Al-Burhan 4947:(662~727) 4914:Mu'tazili 3492:in Urdu. 3474:Imam Razi 3409:al-Jassas 3343:does not 3180:al-Sulami 3117:Mu'tazila 3111:Mu'tazila 3058:mufassirs 3054:Mu'tazili 2638:midrashim 2508:al-Tabari 2487:connotes 2253:romanized 2114:Ulu'l-amr 2089:Muhaddith 1994:Ayatollah 1969:Mohyeddin 1858:Istishhad 1853:Istighfar 1768:Mustahabb 1548:ibn Abbas 1345:The word 1341:Etymology 1227:romanized 1167:romanized 1049:terrorism 1001:Criticism 954:Sexuality 924:Mysticism 894:Festivals 874:Education 869:Economics 805:Academics 761:Caliphate 574:Practices 417:Criticism 397:Inerrancy 310:Ahmadiyya 120:Divisions 6828:Category 6721:Islamism 6704:Muhammad 6660:Apostasy 6635:Hinduism 6525:Feminism 6456:Medicine 6296:Military 6250:Gambling 6199:Apostasy 6194:Criminal 6106:Marriage 6075:Tayammum 6027:Murabaha 5900:Madrasas 5890:Holidays 5880:Clothing 5875:Children 5870:Calendar 5821:Quranism 5755:Khawarij 5727:Alawites 5678:Atharism 5572:Rashidun 5411:In Islam 5406:Muhammad 4599:Archived 4384:"TAFSIR" 4199:page 632 4175:page 115 4073:Archived 4038:Archived 4013:Archived 3988:Archived 3963:Archived 3916:Archived 3589:Archived 3504:(Ta'wil) 3496:See also 3244:Quranist 3155:Isma'ili 2716:include 2689:— 2634:biblical 2533:tabi'iun 2272:theology 2268:rhetoric 2230:mufassir 2184:al-Dawla 2124:Mu'azzin 2109:Marabout 2094:Mujaddid 2064:Mufassir 1989:Mujtahid 1718:Madrasah 1708:Istishab 1703:Istihsan 1698:Istihlal 1693:Ikhtilaf 1647:a series 1645:Part of 1638:Criteria 1544:Abu Bakr 1443:"Tafsir" 1282:and his 1280:Muhammad 1265:theology 1203:mufassir 1188:exegesis 1095:Glossary 1071:Jihadism 1044:Violence 1039:Islamism 1010:Muhammad 996:Apostasy 939:Politics 889:Feminism 884:Exorcism 845:Diaspora 830:Children 825:Calendar 753:Rashidun 731:Muhammad 726:Timeline 687:Mathnawi 549:Prophets 493:a series 491:Part of 445:Category 427:Quranism 326:Exegesis 210:Parables 205:Miracles 183:Prophets 6775:Nursing 6736:Qutbism 6650:Sikhism 6645:Judaism 6640:Jainism 6630:Druzism 6466:Physics 6413:Pottery 6398:Gardens 6393:Carpets 6308:Slavery 6230:Divorce 6217:Dhabiĥa 6045:Hygiene 6020:Takaful 6002:Banking 5932:Science 5926:Qurbani 5895:Mosques 5855:Animals 5844:Culture 5778:Nukkari 5773:Azzabas 5760:Azariqa 5744:Zaydism 5732:Alevism 5608:Ottoman 5598:Almohad 5593:Fatimid 5588:Córdoba 5583:Abbasid 5578:Umayyad 5511:Leaders 5506:History 5464:Shahada 5379:Beliefs 5301:(1944~) 5224:(1940~) 5171:(~1999) 5139:(1976~) 5115:(~1979) 5099:(1933~) 5091:(1926~) 5075:(~1899) 5067:(~1826) 5059:(~1680) 5051:(~1680) 5043:(~1499) 5019:(~1199) 5011:(~1150) 5003:(~1099) 4995:(~1099) 4987:(~1067) 4979:(~1067) 4926:(~1144) 4905:(~2009) 4897:(~2006) 4867:(~1984) 4859:(~1982) 4851:(~1976) 4819:(~1930) 4795:(~1854) 4787:(~1810) 4779:(~1809) 4771:(~1505) 4755:(~1370) 4747:(~1357] 4739:(~1328) 4731:(~1286) 4723:(~1273) 4715:(~1209) 4707:(~1147) 4699:(~1122) 4691:(~1035) 3441:Shafi'i 3401:madhhab 3396:tafsir, 3364:removed 3349:sources 3105:tafsirs 3050:tafsirs 3038:imamate 3034:tafsirs 3027:Shi'ite 3017:tafsirs 2934:hadiths 2909:tafsirs 2905:Tafsirs 2867:tafsirs 2810:shariah 2805:maqasid 2763:tafsirs 2738:maqasid 2714:tafsirs 2710:Wahhabi 2702:ijtihad 2670:ijtihad 2606:Tābi‘un 2585:tabi‘un 2579:Ṣaḥābah 2527:sahabah 2448: 2431:)) and 2417: 2369:aqeedah 2328:tabi'un 2255:: 2248:مفسّرون 2169:Tabi'un 2164:Sahabah 2069:Murshid 2054:Mawlānā 2049:Khawaja 2039:Mawlawi 1964:Allamah 1898:Tazkiah 1888:Taqiyya 1843:Hirabah 1808:Fahisha 1723:Maslaha 1713:Madhhab 1688:Ijtihad 1561:tabi'in 1555:Quran. 1535:sahabah 1521:Ghazali 1468:scholar 1400:History 1390:Quranic 1380:fassara 1323:tafsirs 1303:tafsirs 1229:: 1222:مفسّرون 1169:: 966:Slavery 949:Science 904:Madrasa 899:Finance 810:Animals 798:society 794:Culture 766:Imamate 746:Sahabah 719:History 689:(Poems) 674:(creed) 598:Fasting 526:Oneness 519:Beliefs 410:Related 305:English 278:Qira'at 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