Quality management

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development, production, storage and distribution, installation, or servicing of a medical device and design and development or provision of associated activities (e.g. technical support). ISO 13485 can also be used by suppliers or external parties that provide product, including quality management system-related services to such organizations. ISO has not published a standard in similar manner specifying Quality Management System requirements unique to the pharmaceutical industry for regulatory purposes, therefore compliance with ISO 9001 is typically utilized by organizations involved in the design and manufacture of pharmaceuticals.

1712:(2017) describes the central concepts of Quality Management (QM), such as e.g. process orientation, controllability, and zero defects as modern myths. She alleges that zero-error processes and the associated illusion of controllability involve the epistemological problem of self-referentiality. The emphasis on the processes in QM also ignores the artificiality and thus arbitrariness of the difference between structure and process. Above all, the complexity of management cannot be reduced to standardized (mathematical) procedures. According to her, the risks and negative side effects of QM are usually greater than the benefits (see also 1879:

all-round gains: in terms of the competencies augmented by the participants; the organisation seeks newer directions to the business success, the individual brand image of both the people and the organisation, in turn, goes up. The competencies which were hitherto rated as being smaller, are better recognized and now acclaimed to be more potent and fruitful". The more complex Quality improvement tools are tailored for enterprise types not originally targeted. For example, Six Sigma was designed for manufacturing but has spread to service enterprises. Each of these approaches and methods has met with success but also with failures.

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can be used to guide process improvement across a project, division, or an entire organization. Under the CMMI methodology, processes are rated according to their maturity levels, which are defined as: Initial, Managed, Defined, Quantitatively Managed, Optimizing. Currently supported is CMMI Version 1.3. CMMI is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office by Carnegie Mellon University.

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data from across the value chain. The software breaks down functional silos created by traditionally implemented standalone and targeted solutions. Supporting the proliferation and accessibility of information across supply chain activities, design, production, distribution, and service, it provides a holistic viewpoint for managing the quality of products and processes.

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and other interested parties contributes to sustained success of an organization As customers become more discerning, they seek out companies that not only fulfill their needs but also exceed their expectations. Consequently, Quality Management (QM) plays a significant role in shaping company performance and satisfaction among customers and other stakeholders.

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Quality Management System requirements for specific industries, in many cases those involved in the production or processing of goods typically regulated by nations and other global jurisdictions, in order to ensure that unique elements pertaining to public health and safety are integrated into these Quality Management Systems.

1371:, often called the inventor of the motor car, was pursuing similar assembly and production practices, although real mass production was only properly initiated in Volkswagen after World War II. From this period onwards, North American companies focused predominantly on production against lower cost with increased efficiency. 2076:

CMMI Version 1.3 was released on November 1, 2010. This release is noteworthy because it updates all three CMMI models (CMMI for Development, CMMI for Services, and CMMI for Acquisition) to make them consistent and to improve their high maturity practices. The CMMI Product Team has reviewed more than

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Sustained success is achieved when an organization attracts and retains the confidence of customers and other interested parties on whom it depends. Every aspect of customer interaction provides an opportunity to create more value for the customer. Understanding current and future needs of customers

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Customers recognize that quality is an important attribute in products and services. Suppliers recognize that quality can be an important differentiator between their own offerings and those of competitors (quality differentiation is also called the quality gap). In the past two decades this quality

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Quality management is a recent phenomenon but important for an organization. Civilizations that supported the arts and crafts allowed clients to choose goods meeting higher quality standards than normal goods. In societies where arts and crafts were the responsibility of master craftsmen or artists,

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The intersection of technology and quality management software prompted the emergence of a new software category: Enterprise Quality Management Software (EQMS). EQMS is a platform for cross-functional communication and collaboration that centralizes, standardizes, and streamlines quality management

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Quality Management Software is a category of technologies used by organizations to manage the delivery of high quality products. Solutions range in functionality, however, with the use of automation capabilities they typically have components for managing internal and external risk, compliance, and

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Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is a process improvement training and appraisal program and service administered and marketed by Carnegie Mellon University and required by many DOD and U.S. Government contracts, especially in software development. Carnegie Mellon University claims CMMI

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specifies Quality Management System requirements for organizations involved in the design and manufacture of medical devices in order to demonstrate the ability to meet relevant regulatory requirements. Such organizations can be involved in one or more stages of the life-cycle, including design and

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Quality Management System standard, duly driven from the 'Eight principles of Quality management', process approach being one of them. Thareja writes about the mechanism and benefits: "The process (proficiency) may be limited in words, but not in its applicability. While it fulfills the criteria of

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ISO released a minor revision, ISO 9001:2008 on 14 October 2008. It contains no new requirements. Many of the changes were to improve consistency in grammar, facilitating translation of the standard into other languages for use by over 950,000 certified organization in the 175 countries (as at Dec

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Some of the common differentiators between success and failure include commitment, knowledge and expertise to guide improvement, scope of change/improvement desired (Big Bang type changes tend to fail more often compared to smaller changes) and adaption to enterprise cultures. For example, quality

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ISO 9001 states that the Quality Management System requirements of the standard are generic and are intended to be applicable to any organization, regardless of its type or size, or the products and services it provides, however, ISO has also published a number of separate standards which specify

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customer satisfaction ratings. In the 1980s Deming was asked by Ford Motor Company to start a quality initiative after they realized that they were falling behind Japanese manufacturers. A number of highly successful quality initiatives have been invented by the Japanese (see for example on this

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It is important not to underestimate the people factors, such as culture, in selecting a quality improvement approach. Any improvement (change) takes time to implement, gain acceptance and stabilize as accepted practice. Improvement must allow pauses between implementing new changes so that the

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Interested parties influence the performance of an organization and industry. Sustained success is more likely to be achieved when the organization manages relationships with all of its interested parties to optimize their impact on its performance. Relationship management with its supplier and

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The Quality Management System standards created by ISO are meant for certification of the processes and management arrangements of an organization, not the product or service itself. The ISO 9000 family of standards do not set out requirements for product or service approval. Instead, ISO 9001

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these masters would lead studios and train and supervise others. However, the importance of craftsmen diminished as mass production and repetitive work practices were instituted. This approach aimed to produce large numbers of the same goods. The first proponent in the US for this approach was

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Government agencies and industrial organizations that regulate products have recognized that quality culture may assist companies that produce those products. A survey of more than 60 multinational companies found that those companies whose employees rated as having a low quality culture had

1342:. Quality control is also part of quality management. What a customer wants and is willing to pay for it, determines quality. It is a written or unwritten commitment to a known or unknown consumer in the market. Quality can be defined as how well the product performs its intended function. 2080:

As part of its mission to transition mature technology to the software community, the SEI has transferred CMMI-related products and activities to the CMMI Institute, a 100%-controlled subsidiary of Carnegie Innovations, Carnegie Mellon University's technology commercialization enterprise.

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Leaders at all levels establish unity of purpose and direction and create conditions in which people are engaged in achieving the organization's quality objectives. Leadership has to take up the necessary changes required for quality improvement and encourage a sense of quality throughout

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To manage an organization effectively and efficiently, it is important to involve all people at all levels and to respect them as individuals. Recognition, empowerment and enhancement of competence facilitate the engagement of people in achieving the organization's quality objectives.

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In the 1950s and 1960s, Japanese goods were synonymous with cheapness and low quality, but over time their quality initiatives began to be successful, with Japan achieving high levels of quality in products from the 1970s onward. For example, Japanese cars regularly top the

1976:(QMS) standards in 1987. They were the ISO 9000:1987 series of standards comprising ISO 9001:1987, ISO 9002:1987 and ISO 9003:1987; which were applicable in different types of industries, based on the type of activity or process: designing, production or service delivery. 1966:) is an independent non-governmental coalition representing 165 countries through their national standards bodies. ISO brings together experts to share knowledge and develop voluntary, consensus-based international commercial, industrial and technical standards. 1999:

document gives guidelines for performance improvement over and above the basic standard (ISO 9001:2000). This standard provides a measurement framework for improved quality management, similar to and based upon the measurement framework for process assessment.

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There are many methods for quality improvement. These cover product improvement, process improvement and people based improvement. In the following list are methods of quality management and techniques that incorporate and drive quality improvement:

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made a major step in the evolution towards quality management by creating a method for quality control for production, using statistical methods, first proposed in 1924. This became the foundation for his ongoing work on statistical quality control.

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led a transformational change at Nissan Motor Company which was in a financial and operational crisis. Well organized quality improvement programs take all these factors into account when selecting the quality improvement methods.

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series. The ISO 9002 and 9003 standards were integrated into one single certifiable standard: ISO 9001:2000. After December 2003, organizations holding ISO 9002 or 9003 standards had to complete a transition to the new standard.

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by editing this article to remove any non-free copyrighted content and attributing free content correctly, or flagging the content for deletion. Please be sure that the supposed source of the copyright violation is not itself a

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Improvements that change the culture take longer as they have to overcome greater resistance to change. It is easier and often more effective to work within the existing cultural boundaries and make small improvements (that is

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The standards are reviewed every few years by the International Organization for Standardization. The version in 1994 was called the ISO 9000:1994 series; consisting of the ISO 9001:1994, 9002:1994 and 9003:1994 versions.

1460:). Many of the methods not only provide techniques but also have associated quality culture (i.e. people factors). These methods are now adopted by the same western countries that decades earlier derided Japanese methods. 1886:

There have been well publicized failures of BPR, as well as Six Sigma. Enterprises therefore need to consider carefully which quality improvement methods to adopt, and certainly should not adopt all those listed here.

1363:." He was one of the intellectual leaders of the Efficiency Movement and part of his approach laid a further foundation for quality management, including aspects like standardization and adopting improved practices. 1390:

from a national perspective has changed over the past decades. After the Second World War, Japan decided to make quality improvement a national imperative as part of rebuilding their economy, and sought the help of

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has been the backbone of quality management and still is important. However, there is an expansion of the research focus from a sole customer focus towards a stakeholder focus. This is following the development of

1746:- a certified quality management system (QMS) for organisations who want to prove their ability to consistently provide products and services that meet the needs of their customers and other relevant stakeholders. 1468:

and India, as well internationalization of trade and competition. These countries, among many others, have raised their own standards of quality in order to meet international standards and customer demands. The

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later applied statistical process control methods in the United States during World War II, thereby successfully improving quality in the manufacture of munitions and other strategically important products.

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The International Standard for Quality management (ISO 9001:2015) adopts a number of management principles, that can be used by top management to guide their organizations towards improved performance.

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requires that product or service requirements are agreed between the organization and its customers, and that the organization manages its business processes to achieve these agreed requirements.

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is a management strategy aimed at embedding awareness of quality in all organizational processes. First promoted in Japan with the Deming prize which was adopted and adapted in USA as the

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The quality management system consists of interrelated processes. Understanding how results are produced by this system enables an organization to optimize the system and its performance.

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Consistent and predictable results are achieved more effectively and efficiently when activities are understood and managed as interrelated processes that function as a coherent system.

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the quality of processes and products. Pre-configured and industry-specific solutions are available and generally require integration with existing IT architecture applications such as

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Improvement is essential for an organization to maintain current levels of performance, to react to changes in its internal and external conditions and to create new opportunities.

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Quality Improvement can be distinguished from Quality Control in that Quality Improvement is the purposeful change of a process to improve the reliability of achieving an outcome.

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Creation of unity of purpose and direction and engagement of people enable an organization to align its strategies, policies, processes and resources to achieve its objectives

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circles do not work well in every enterprise (and are even discouraged by some managers), and relatively few TQM-participating enterprises have won the national quality awards.

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of attention for managers, which are a high level abstraction of many of his deep insights. They should be interpreted by learning and understanding the deeper insights. These

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On the other hand, transformational change works best when an enterprise faces a crisis and needs to make major changes in order to survive. In Japan, the land of Kaizen,

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Proponents of each approach have sought to improve them as well as apply them for small, medium and large gains. Simple one is Process Approach, which forms the basis of

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gap has been greatly reduced between competitive products and services. This is partly due to the contracting (also called outsourcing) of manufacture to countries like

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The influence of quality thinking has spread to non-traditional applications outside of walls of manufacturing, extending into service sectors and into areas such as

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Warzecha, B, "The Problem with Quality Management: Process orientation, controllability and zero-defect processes as modern myths (Philosophy in Practice)", 2017,

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The last major revision was published 15 September 2015. This change adopted the High Level Structure, contained in ISO Directive 1 Annex SL, for the first time.

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Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.

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Quality Assurance is the planned or systematic actions necessary to provide enough confidence that a product or service will satisfy the given requirements.

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and the means to achieve it. Quality management, therefore, uses quality assurance and control of processes as well as products to achieve more consistent

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change is stabilized and assessed as a real improvement, before the next improvement is made (hence continual improvement, not continuous improvement).

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specifying the Food Safety Management System requirements for the food industry. This standard covers the values and principles of ISO 9000 and the

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Craig M. Becker, Mary A. Glascoff, (2014) "Process measures: a leadership tool for management", The TQM Journal, Vol. 26 Issue: 1, pp.50-62,

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approaches to quality so that people, process and products are considered together rather than independent factors in quality management.

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standards. It gives one single integrated standard for the food industry, defining requirements for any organization in the food chain.

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championed Shewhart's ideas in Japan from 1950 onwards. He is probably best known for his management philosophy establishing quality,

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Technical Standard TS 16949 defines requirements in addition to those in ISO 9001:2008 specifically for the automotive industry.

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This article is about the general topic of quality management. For the specific approach to quality management from the 1980s, see

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and engaged people at all levels throughout the organization are essential to enhance its capability to create and deliver value.

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Quality Control is the ongoing effort to maintain the integrity of a process to maintain the reliability of achieving an outcome.

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ensures that an organization, product or service consistently functions well. It has four main components: quality planning,

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increased costs of $ 67 million/year for every 5000 employees compared to those rated as having a strong quality culture.

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was also important in bringing process and quality management practices into operation in his assembly lines. In Germany,

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Thareja P(2008), "Total Quality Organization Thru’ People, Each one is Capable", FOUNDRY, Vol. XX, No. 4, July/Aug 2008

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Decisions based on the analysis and evaluation of data and information are more likely to produce desired results.

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Siva, Vanajah; Gremyr, Ida; Bergquist, Bjarne; Garvare, Rickard; Zobel, Thomas; Isaksson, Raine (2016-12-01).

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Object-oriented Quality and Risk Management (OQRM). A practical and generic method to manage quality and risk

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method (define, measure, analyze, improve, control) may be viewed as a particular implementation of this.)

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ISO has a number of standards that support quality management. One group describes processes (including

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The Software Engineering Institute has its own process assessment and improvement methods, called

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For sustained success, an organization manages its relationships with interested parties, such as

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series of standards are probably the best known International standards for quality management.

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Paul H. Selden (December 1998). "Sales Process Engineering: An Emerging Quality Application".

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OQRM — Object-oriented Quality and Risk Management, a model for quality and risk management.

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Administration, Australian Government Department of Health Therapeutic Goods (2018-08-09).

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Fernandes, Ana Cristina; Sampaio, Paulo; Sameiro, Maria; Truong, Huy Quang (2017-01-03).

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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Some themes have become more significant including quality culture, the importance of

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Supervision should be to help people and machines and gadgets to do a better job

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A major revision was published in the year 2000 and the series was called

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Problem with Quality Management Process orientation, controllability and

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1,150 change requests for the models and 850 for the appraisal method.

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The Essential Deming: Leadership Principles from the Father of Quality

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Zero Defect Program — created by NEC Corporation of Japan, based upon

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Decision making can be a complex process, and it always involves some

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Management should learn their responsibilities, and take on leadership

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Drive out fear, so that everyone may work effectively for the company

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Service establishment, management, and delivery (CMMI for Services)

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Improve constantly and forever the system of production and service

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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

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International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management,

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Successful organizations have an ongoing focus on improvement.

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Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering

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Stewart, Greg L.; Manges, Kirstin A.; Ward, Marcia M. (2015).

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Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement

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International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management

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ISPE | International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering

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and Joseph A. De Feo, "Juran's Quality Handbook", 2010,

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Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and (2020-03-12).

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Product and service acquisition (CMMI for Acquisition).

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Product and service development (CMMI for Development)

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and one of the inputs for the inventors of Six Sigma.

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Littlefield, Matthew; Roberts, Michael (June 2012).

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He has formulated 4206: 3374: 2313: 2265:Project Quality Management: Why, What and How 2154:Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points 1300: 2344: 2307: 2110:Quality Management Software Functionalities 83:promotes the subject in a subjective manner 60:Learn how and when to remove these messages 4213: 4199: 3381: 3367: 2956:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2493: 1843:European Foundation for Quality Management 1672: 1307: 1293: 2613: 2046: 1740:— guidelines for performance improvement. 312:Learn how and when to remove this message 238:Learn how and when to remove this message 171:Learn how and when to remove this message 105:Learn how and when to remove this message 4256:Earth systems engineering and management 3221:https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-02-2013-0018 2378:"Quality Metrics for Drug Manufacturing" 2375: 1787:failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) 1723: 4220: 3198:LNS Research Quality Management Systems 2972:"Ungesunde Ordnung - brand eins online" 2919: 1845:award (each with their own variations). 1839:Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award 1569: 1423:Break down barriers between departments 4607: 2514: 2401:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) 2288: 2165:Enterprise Quality Management Software 132:contains content that is written like 4194: 3362: 3296:International Journal of Productivity 3078:"Empowering Sustained Patient Safety" 2445:"Quality Culture and its Measurement" 2357:from the original on 17 February 2018 3015: 2326:from the original on 10 October 2016 2261: 1921: 1912: 1361:"the father of scientific management 249: 182: 116: 66: 25: 4058:Bachelor of Business Administration 3257:Process Assessment and Improvement 3147:. Indian Register Quality Systems. 3045: 1868:Top Down & Bottom Up Approaches 1669:and confidence in decision making. 1590: 80:This article contains wording that 13: 4159:Organizational behavior management 3212: 3151:from the original on 13 March 2014 2345:Shirouzu, N. (28 September 2017). 2314:Hagerty, J.R. (13 December 2013). 2062:Three constellations of CMMI are: 85:without imparting real information 14: 4626: 4291:Sociocultural Systems Engineering 4073:Doctor of Business Administration 4063:Master of Business Administration 3340: 3033:from the original on 16 June 2022 3001:"Taking the First Step with PDCA" 2901:from the original on 26 June 2016 2865:from the original on 26 June 2016 2829:from the original on 26 June 2016 2793:from the original on 26 June 2016 2729:from the original on 26 June 2016 2654:from the original on 26 June 2016 2293:. McGraw Hill. pp. 127–173. 2144:Advanced Product Quality Planning 2136:Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 1530: 1281:Business and economics portal 41:This article has multiple issues. 4174: 3346: 3204:from the original on 2012-09-26. 3181:from the original on 2015-02-05. 3123:http://ssrn.com/abstract=1488690 3065:from the original on 2010-02-15. 2849:"Evidence based decision making" 2765:from the original on 2016-11-19. 2173: 2159:Production Part Approval Process 1926: 1917: 1870:—Leadership approaches to change 1683:Supplier relationship management 1679:Customer relationship management 1274: 254: 187: 121: 71: 30: 3185: 3163: 3137: 3128: 3116: 3082:Journal of Nursing Care Quality 3069: 2993: 2982:from the original on 2018-01-08 2964: 2913: 2877: 2841: 2805: 2769: 2741: 2705: 2666: 2630: 2581: 2534: 2508: 2469:"Creating a Culture of Quality" 2149:Environment, Health, and Safety 49:or discuss these issues on the 4373:Systems development life cycle 4266:Enterprise systems engineering 4241:Biological systems engineering 4037:Chartered Management Institute 3388: 3323:Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit, 2515:Hasham, Tareq (January 2019). 2461: 2437: 2413: 2388: 2369: 2282: 2262:Rose, Kenneth H. (July 2005). 2255: 1859:business process reengineering 1623:Evidence based decision making 1606: 1419:include key concepts such as: 1: 4332:System of systems engineering 4246:Cognitive systems engineering 3239:Nederpelt, Peter van (2012). 2892:Quality management principles 2856:Quality management principles 2820:Quality management principles 2784:Quality management principles 2756:Quality management principles 2720:Quality management principles 2645:Quality management principles 2606:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.020 2594:Journal of Cleaner Production 2248: 1992:2007) that use the standard. 1552: 1521: 936:management information system 587:Chief human resources officer 280:Please review the source and 3406:Index of management articles 3094:10.1097/ncq.0000000000000103 2559:10.1080/14783363.2010.483095 1817:— reworked in the west into 1815:The Toyota Production System 1720:Quality improvement and more 1703: 1649:relationships and potential 1345: 930:Enterprise resource planning 758:Financial statement analysis 275:Knowledge's copyright policy 7: 4409:Quality function deployment 4322:Verification and validation 4042:Critical management studies 3905:Full range leadership model 2289:Deming, W. Edwards (2013). 2227:Eight dimensions of quality 2189: 2131:Statistical Process Control 2121:Compliance/Audit Management 2085:Quality management software 1773:statistical process control 10: 4631: 4271:Health systems engineering 4032:Certified Business Manager 2920:Bettina, Warzecha (2017). 2691:10.1108/IJQRM-03-2015-0041 2243:Software quality assurance 1676: 1626: 18: 4589: 4538: 4442: 4419:Systems Modeling Language 4381: 4340: 4299: 4228: 4172: 4081: 4050: 4014: 3986: 3958: 3900:Evidence-based management 3870: 3844: 3772: 3746: 3703: 3671: 3627: 3616: 3562: 3497: 3490: 3479: 3414: 3396: 3029:. Lloyd's register LRQA. 2926:processes as modern myths 2885:"Relationship management" 2201:Sales process engineering 1974:Quality Management System 1935:This article needs to be 592:Chief information officer 424:Limited liability company 4434:Work breakdown structure 4312:Functional specification 4307:Requirements engineering 4251:Configuration management 4154:Organization development 3910:Management by objectives 3319:Emerald Publishing Group 3298:and Quality Management, 3023:"ISO 9001 Certification" 1835:total quality management 1789:in an overall framework. 1458:Toyota Production System 1357:Frederick Winslow Taylor 605:Chief technology officer 539:Mergers and acquisitions 509:Constitutional documents 334:Management of a business 263:This article or section 21:Total quality management 4281:Reliability engineering 4276:Performance engineering 3935:Social entrepreneurship 3895:Earned value management 2473:Harvard Business Review 2320:The Wall Street Journal 1673:Relationship management 1651:unintended consequences 1516:sustainable development 665:Environmental economics 645:International economics 596:Chief marketing officer 582:Chief financial officer 577:Chief operating officer 573:Chief executive officer 534:International trade law 328:Business administration 269:from another location, 4556:Industrial engineering 4261:Electrical engineering 4181:Systems science portal 4124:Management development 4119:Management cybernetics 4104:Executive compensation 3940:Sustainable management 3802:Information technology 3782:Environmental resource 3027:ISO 9001 certification 2749:"Engagement of people" 2047:CMMI and IDEAL methods 2021:In 2005 ISO published 1766:continuous improvement 1729: 1234:International business 1219:Business judgment rule 564:Chief business officer 464:Annual general meeting 444:State-owned enterprise 434:Privately held company 4490:Arthur David Hall III 4460:Benjamin S. Blanchard 4236:Aerospace engineering 4144:Managerial psychology 4109:Management consulting 3930:Scientific management 3713:Customer relationship 3401:Outline of management 3175:www.cmmiinstitute.com 1841:and in Europe as the 1783:design of experiments 1727: 1708:The social scientist 1677:Further information: 1627:Further information: 1537:customer requirements 1507:Customer satisfaction 910:Customer relationship 846:Business intelligence 808:Financial institution 783:International finance 733:Cash conversion cycle 640:Development economics 601:Chief product officer 349:Management accounting 153:neutral point of view 4581:Software engineering 4551:Computer engineering 4139:Managerial economics 4099:Corporate governance 4006:Oliver E. Williamson 3885:Collaborative method 3355:at Wikimedia Commons 1570:Engagement of people 1478:knowledge management 851:Business development 695:Economic development 457:Corporate governance 354:Financial accounting 208:improve this article 4561:Operations research 4546:Control engineering 4515:Joseph Francis Shea 4222:Systems engineering 4001:Eliyahu M. Goldratt 1332:quality improvement 1261:Business statistics 1244:International trade 1229:Business operations 925:Electronic business 830:Types of management 718:Financial statement 700:Economic statistics 568:Chief brand officer 524:Corporate liability 439:Sole proprietorship 419:Joint-stock company 220:footnote references 145:promotional content 4615:Quality management 4571:Quality management 4566:Project management 4394:Function modelling 4317:System integration 4286:Safety engineering 4164:Pointy-haired Boss 4114:Management control 3950:Virtual management 3353:Quality management 3333:Carl Hanser Verlag 3250:978-1-291-037-35-7 2777:"Process approach" 2140:Complaint Handling 1825:Kansei Engineering 1819:lean manufacturing 1730: 1512:stakeholder theory 1403:, amongst others. 1375:Walter A. Shewhart 1320:Quality management 1224:Consumer behaviour 1026:Product life-cycle 813:Capital management 778:Managerial finance 469:Board of directors 147:and inappropriate 4602: 4601: 4525:Manuela M. Veloso 4465:Wernher von Braun 4188: 4187: 4134:Management system 4068:PhD in management 3840: 3839: 3699: 3698: 3612: 3611: 3580:Product lifecycle 3351:Media related to 3234:978-0-07-162973-7 3003:. 2 February 2009 2300:978-0-07-179021-5 2275:978-1-932159-48-6 1956: 1955: 1913:Quality standards 1405:W. Edwards Deming 1380:W. Edwards Deming 1324:quality assurance 1317: 1316: 1204:Business analysis 773:Corporate finance 743:Capital budgeting 680:Knowledge economy 474:Supervisory board 322: 321: 314: 304: 303: 267:copied and pasted 248: 247: 240: 181: 180: 173: 115: 114: 107: 64: 4622: 4530:John N. Warfield 4500:Robert E. Machol 4429:Systems modeling 4424:Systems analysis 4363:System lifecycle 4348:Business process 4215: 4208: 4201: 4192: 4191: 4178: 3915:Management style 3625: 3624: 3495: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3383: 3376: 3369: 3360: 3359: 3350: 3254: 3226:Juran, Joseph M. 3206: 3205: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3171:"CMMI Institute" 3167: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3057: 3049: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3010: 3008: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2987: 2976:www.brandeins.de 2968: 2962: 2961: 2955: 2947: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2900: 2889: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2864: 2853: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2828: 2817: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2792: 2781: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2753: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2728: 2717: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2670: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2653: 2642: 2638:"Customer focus" 2634: 2628: 2627: 2617: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2502:Quality Progress 2497: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2487: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2455: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2432: 2431: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2407: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2373: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2286: 2280: 2279: 2259: 2238:Software quality 2206:Systems thinking 1951: 1948: 1942: 1930: 1929: 1922: 1710:Bettina Warzecha 1665:lead to greater 1647:cause-and-effect 1591:Process approach 1501:customer service 1309: 1302: 1295: 1279: 1278: 1256:Business process 798:Financial market 635:Labour economics 630:Public economics 389:Corporation sole 324: 323: 317: 310: 299: 296: 290: 287:Knowledge mirror 273:in violation of 258: 250: 243: 236: 232: 229: 223: 191: 190: 183: 176: 169: 165: 162: 156: 134:an advertisement 125: 124: 117: 110: 103: 99: 96: 90: 75: 74: 67: 56: 34: 33: 26: 4630: 4629: 4625: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4620: 4619: 4605: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4585: 4576:Risk management 4534: 4475:Harold Chestnut 4470:Kathleen Carley 4438: 4414:System dynamics 4389:Decision-making 4377: 4353:Fault tolerance 4336: 4295: 4224: 4219: 4189: 4184: 4168: 4077: 4046: 4027:Business school 4010: 3988: 3982: 3968:Decision-making 3960: 3954: 3925:Micromanagement 3920:Macromanagement 3872: 3866: 3836: 3792:Human resources 3787:Field inventory 3768: 3742: 3705: 3695: 3667: 3620: 3618: 3608: 3558: 3501: 3483: 3481: 3475: 3417:of organization 3416: 3410: 3392: 3387: 3343: 3338: 3251: 3215: 3213:Further reading 3210: 3209: 3190: 3186: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3154: 3152: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3121: 3117: 3074: 3070: 3062: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3036: 3034: 3021: 3020: 3016: 3006: 3004: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2985: 2983: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2949: 2948: 2936: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2894:. ISO quality. 2887: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2858:. ISO quality. 2851: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2822:. ISO quality. 2815: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2786:. ISO quality. 2779: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2762: 2758:. ISO quality. 2751: 2747: 2746: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2722:. ISO quality. 2715: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2671: 2667: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2647:. ISO quality. 2640: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2586: 2582: 2539: 2535: 2525: 2523: 2513: 2509: 2498: 2494: 2485: 2483: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2453: 2451: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2429: 2427: 2419: 2418: 2414: 2405: 2403: 2393: 2389: 2374: 2370: 2360: 2358: 2343: 2339: 2329: 2327: 2312: 2308: 2301: 2287: 2283: 2276: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2222:Test management 2192: 2176: 2126:Risk Management 2087: 2049: 1952: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1931: 1927: 1920: 1915: 1809:Taguchi methods 1722: 1706: 1685: 1675: 1631: 1629:decision making 1625: 1609: 1593: 1572: 1555: 1542: 1533: 1524: 1450:Genichi Taguchi 1348: 1336:service quality 1328:quality control 1313: 1273: 1266: 1265: 1209:Business ethics 1199: 1189: 1188: 1129: 1121: 1120: 831: 823: 822: 818:Venture capital 748:Commercial bank 738:Insider dealing 713: 705: 704: 655:Planned economy 620: 610: 609: 554: 552:Corporate title 544: 543: 519:Corporate crime 499: 489: 488: 484:Audit committee 459: 449: 448: 404:Holding company 384:Corporate group 379: 372:Business entity 364: 363: 344: 318: 307: 306: 305: 300: 294: 291: 279: 259: 244: 233: 227: 224: 205: 196:This article's 192: 188: 177: 166: 160: 157: 138: 126: 122: 111: 100: 94: 91: 88: 76: 72: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4628: 4618: 4617: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4596: 4590: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4542: 4540: 4539:Related fields 4536: 4535: 4533: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4505:Radhika Nagpal 4502: 4497: 4495:Derek Hitchins 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4450:James S. Albus 4446: 4444: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4344: 4342: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4218: 4217: 4210: 4203: 4195: 4186: 4185: 4173: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4129:Management fad 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4089:Administration 4085: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4018: 4016: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3992: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3876: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3848: 3846: 3842: 3841: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3778: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3750: 3748: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3709: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3677: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3665: 3660: 3659: 3658: 3653: 3639: 3633: 3631: 3622: 3617:On activity or 3614: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3606: 3601: 3600: 3599: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3572: 3566: 3564: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3505: 3503: 3492: 3485: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3442: 3441: 3431: 3426: 3420: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3386: 3385: 3378: 3371: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3342: 3341:External links 3339: 3337: 3336: 3321: 3307: 3306:, Inderscience 3293: 3275: 3265: 3255: 3249: 3236: 3223: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3207: 3184: 3162: 3136: 3127: 3115: 3088:(3): 240–246. 3068: 3044: 3014: 2992: 2963: 2934: 2912: 2876: 2840: 2804: 2768: 2740: 2704: 2665: 2629: 2580: 2553:(7): 737–744. 2533: 2507: 2492: 2475:. 2014-04-01. 2460: 2436: 2412: 2387: 2368: 2337: 2306: 2299: 2281: 2274: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2208:- Applications 2203: 2198: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2175: 2172: 2162: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2086: 2083: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2048: 2045: 1954: 1953: 1934: 1932: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1872: 1871: 1865: 1862: 1852: 1846: 1828: 1822: 1812: 1806: 1803:Quality circle 1800: 1790: 1776: 1769: 1759: 1753: 1747: 1741: 1728:The PDCA cycle 1721: 1718: 1705: 1702: 1674: 1671: 1624: 1621: 1608: 1605: 1592: 1589: 1571: 1568: 1558:organisation. 1554: 1551: 1532: 1531:Customer focus 1529: 1523: 1520: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1347: 1344: 1315: 1314: 1312: 1311: 1304: 1297: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1283: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1241: 1239:Business model 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1200: 1195: 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504:Commercial law 500: 495: 494: 491: 490: 487: 486: 481: 479:Advisory board 476: 471: 466: 460: 455: 454: 451: 450: 447: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 380: 370: 369: 366: 365: 362: 361: 356: 351: 345: 340: 339: 336: 335: 331: 330: 320: 319: 302: 301: 265:may have been 262: 260: 253: 246: 245: 200:external links 195: 193: 186: 179: 178: 149:external links 129: 127: 120: 113: 112: 79: 77: 70: 65: 39: 38: 36: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4627: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4588: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4541: 4537: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4485:Barbara Grosz 4483: 4481: 4480:Wolt Fabrycky 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4455:Ruzena Bajcsy 4453: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4441: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4327:Design review 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4216: 4211: 4209: 4204: 4202: 4197: 4196: 4193: 4183: 4182: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4149:Managerialism 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4094:Collaboration 4092: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4080: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3996:Peter Drucker 3994: 3993: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3945:Team building 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3843: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3702: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3664: 3661: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3626: 3623: 3615: 3605: 3602: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3524:Communication 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3489: 3486: 3478: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3413: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3384: 3379: 3377: 3372: 3370: 3365: 3364: 3361: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3291:9783981863826 3288: 3284: 3283:9783981863833 3280: 3276: 3274: 3273:0-8247-4614-7 3270: 3266: 3264: 3263:0-387-23182-X 3260: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3243:. MicroData. 3242: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3217: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3188: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3166: 3150: 3146: 3140: 3131: 3124: 3119: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3072: 3061: 3054: 3048: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3018: 3002: 2996: 2981: 2978:(in German). 2977: 2973: 2967: 2959: 2953: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2935:9783981863833 2931: 2927: 2925: 2916: 2897: 2893: 2886: 2880: 2861: 2857: 2850: 2844: 2825: 2821: 2814: 2813:"Improvement" 2808: 2789: 2785: 2778: 2772: 2761: 2757: 2750: 2744: 2725: 2721: 2714: 2708: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2650: 2646: 2639: 2633: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2584: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2522: 2521:Research Gate 2518: 2511: 2503: 2496: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2464: 2450: 2446: 2440: 2426: 2422: 2416: 2402: 2398: 2391: 2383: 2379: 2372: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2341: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2310: 2302: 2296: 2292: 2285: 2277: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2258: 2254: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2196:Quality audit 2194: 2193: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2177: 2174:Quality terms 2171: 2167: 2166: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2082: 2078: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2054: 2044: 2042: 2041:ISO/IEC 15288 2038: 2037:ISO/IEC 12207 2033: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1997:ISO 9004:2009 1993: 1989: 1986: 1985:ISO 9000:2000 1981: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1950: 1947:December 2021 1938: 1933: 1924: 1923: 1918:ISO standards 1910: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1899: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1876:ISO 9001:2008 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1726: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1701: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1691:, retailers. 1690: 1684: 1680: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1663:data analysis 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1612: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1596: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1579: 1577: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1559: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1528: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1467: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1381: 1376: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1298: 1296: 1291: 1290: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1214:Business plan 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1193: 1192: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1144:Communication 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1125: 1124: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1105: 1104:administrator 1102: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1005: 1002: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 987: 986:administrator 984: 983: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 955: 952: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 937: 934: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 895:Configuration 893: 891: 888: 884: 881: 880: 879: 876: 872: 869: 868: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 833: 827: 826: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 715: 709: 708: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 650:Mixed economy 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 622: 619: 614: 613: 606: 602: 599: 597: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 574: 571: 569: 565: 562: 560: 557: 556: 553: 548: 547: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 501: 498: 497:Corporate law 493: 492: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 461: 458: 453: 452: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 381: 377: 373: 368: 367: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 346: 343: 338: 337: 333: 332: 329: 326: 325: 316: 313: 298: 295:December 2021 288: 283: 277: 276: 272: 268: 261: 257: 252: 251: 242: 239: 231: 228:December 2021 221: 217: 216:inappropriate 213: 209: 203: 201: 194: 185: 184: 175: 172: 164: 154: 150: 146: 142: 136: 135: 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Power 1388:leadership 1365:Henry Ford 1116:Technology 998:Operations 878:Commercial 871:innovation 861:Capability 753:Derivative 342:Accounting 141:improve it 46:improve it 4300:Processes 4229:Subfields 4015:Education 3987:Pioneers, 3880:Adhocracy 3845:Positions 3817:Materials 3807:Knowledge 3723:Logistics 3637:Marketing 3529:Financial 3499:Strategic 3482:within an 3480:By focus, 3335:(Germany) 3329:0720-1214 3315:0265-671X 3304:1746-6474 3285:; e-book 3125:"Thareja" 2952:cite book 2944:992993108 2699:0265-671X 2624:0959-6526 2575:153972337 2567:1478-3363 2481:0017-8012 2023:ISO 22000 2015:ISO 13485 1779:Six Sigma 1750:ISO 15504 1716:, 2010). 1704:Criticism 1695:Rationale 1689:suppliers 1637:Rationale 1615:Rationale 1599:Rationale 1582:Rationale 1576:empowered 1562:Rationale 1544:Rationale 1497:marketing 1417:14 points 1413:14 points 1369:Karl Benz 1346:Evolution 1184:Structure 1169:Hierarchy 1089:Strategic 976:Materials 966:Knowledge 943:Financial 883:Marketing 728:Factoring 723:Insurance 625:Commodity 618:Economics 212:excessive 52:talk page 4609:Category 4594:Category 4341:Concepts 3989:scholars 3871:Methods, 3754:Conflict 3570:Facility 3491:On scope 3461:Military 3434:Business 3424:Academic 3202:Archived 3179:Archived 3155:13 March 3149:Archived 3102:25479238 3060:Archived 3031:Archived 3007:17 March 2980:Archived 2896:Archived 2860:Archived 2824:Archived 2788:Archived 2760:Archived 2724:Archived 2649:Archived 2504:: 59–63. 2355:Archived 2324:Archived 2234:approach 2190:See also 1972:created 1744:ISO 9001 1738:ISO 9004 1659:evidence 1482:holistic 1471:ISO 9000 1393:Shewhart 1386:Quality 1174:Patterns 1154:Conflict 1139:Behavior 1079:Security 1056:Resource 1041:Property 1004:services 961:Incident 900:Conflict 856:Capacity 559:Chairman 514:Contract 271:possibly 161:May 2017 95:May 2017 4368:V-Model 4051:Degrees 3959:Skills, 3852:Interim 3691:Records 3656:Quality 3651:Process 3621:managed 3604:Program 3592:Project 3575:Product 3554:Systems 3514:Capital 3415:By type 3110:5613563 3037:16 June 2905:29 June 2869:29 June 2833:29 June 2797:29 June 2733:29 June 2658:29 June 2351:Reuters 1937:updated 1898:Kaizen' 1448:pages: 1340:quality 1149:Culture 1099:Systems 1084:Service 1063: 1051:Records 1046:Quality 1036:Project 1031:Product 1021:Process 1000: 981:Network 950: 932: 905:Content 712:Finance 394:Company 206:Please 198:use of 4443:People 4358:System 3862:Senior 3857:Middle 3822:Skills 3764:Stress 3759:Crisis 3738:Talent 3686:Office 3519:Change 3466:Public 3327: 3313: 3302: 3289: 3281: 3271: 3261: 3247: 3232: 3200:: 10. 3108: 3100: 2942: 2932: 2697: 2622: 2573: 2565: 2526:1 July 2479: 2297: 2272: 2102:, and 1762:Kaizen 1397:Deming 1330:, and 1111:Talent 1067:crisis 993:Office 866:Change 4382:Tools 4082:Other 3673:Staff 3663:Sales 3585:Brand 3539:Legal 3446:Court 3106:S2CID 3063:(PDF) 3056:(PDF) 2899:(PDF) 2888:(PDF) 2863:(PDF) 2852:(PDF) 2827:(PDF) 2816:(PDF) 2791:(PDF) 2780:(PDF) 2763:(PDF) 2752:(PDF) 2727:(PDF) 2716:(PDF) 2652:(PDF) 2641:(PDF) 2571:S2CID 2027:HACCP 1797:DMAIC 1655:Facts 1493:sales 1466:China 1401:Juran 1197:Trade 1179:Space 1074:Sales 1016:Power 971:Legal 841:Brand 836:Asset 359:Audit 4399:IDEF 3832:Time 3812:Land 3629:Line 3549:Risk 3325:ISSN 3311:ISSN 3300:ISSN 3287:ISBN 3279:ISBN 3269:ISBN 3259:ISBN 3245:ISBN 3230:ISBN 3157:2014 3098:PMID 3039:2022 3009:2011 2958:link 2940:OCLC 2930:ISBN 2907:2016 2871:2016 2835:2016 2799:2016 2735:2016 2695:ISSN 2660:2016 2620:ISSN 2563:ISSN 2528:2021 2477:ISSN 2363:2018 2332:2018 2295:ISBN 2270:ISBN 2232:ADRI 2053:CMMI 2039:and 1995:The 1958:The 1849:TRIZ 1793:PDCA 1785:and 1681:and 1661:and 1499:and 1399:and 1061:Risk 376:list 3090:doi 2687:doi 2610:hdl 2602:doi 2598:138 2555:doi 2382:FDA 2104:PLM 2100:CRM 2096:SCM 2092:ERP 1970:ISO 1964:ISO 1855:BPR 1831:TQM 1756:QFD 1454:QFD 803:Tax 214:or 4611:: 3331:, 3317:, 3196:. 3177:. 3173:. 3104:. 3096:. 3086:30 3084:. 3080:. 3025:. 2974:. 2954:}} 2950:{{ 2938:. 2890:. 2854:. 2818:. 2782:. 2754:. 2718:. 2693:. 2683:34 2681:. 2677:. 2643:. 2618:. 2608:. 2596:. 2592:. 2569:. 2561:. 2551:21 2549:. 2545:. 2519:. 2471:. 2447:. 2423:. 2399:. 2380:. 2353:. 2349:. 2322:. 2318:. 2106:. 2098:, 2094:, 1857:— 1833:— 1657:, 1653:. 1518:. 1495:, 1456:, 1452:, 1395:, 1326:, 55:. 4214:e 4207:t 4200:v 3644:/ 3382:e 3375:t 3368:v 3253:. 3159:. 3112:. 3092:: 3041:. 3011:. 2989:. 2960:) 2946:. 2909:. 2873:. 2837:. 2801:. 2737:. 2701:. 2689:: 2662:. 2626:. 2612:: 2604:: 2577:. 2557:: 2530:. 2489:. 2457:. 2433:. 2409:. 2384:. 2365:. 2334:. 2303:. 2278:. 1962:( 1949:) 1945:( 1895:' 1821:. 1768:. 1308:e 1301:t 1294:v 603:/ 594:/ 575:/ 566:/ 378:) 374:( 315:) 309:( 297:) 293:( 289:. 278:. 241:) 235:( 230:) 226:( 222:. 204:. 174:) 168:( 163:) 159:( 155:. 137:. 108:) 102:( 97:) 93:( 87:. 62:) 58:( 23:.

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