270:. Supervision over officials in the provinces responsible for the transport of tax grains was increased and appointed directly by the central government. Land allotted to officials was redistributed more adequately. Agricultural productivity was enhanced by the construction of dykes and canals to improve irrigation. Troops garrisoned around the capital were to engage in agriculture and be trained in a more effective way. Service corvée was to be reduced. Proclamations and edicts issued by the court were to be followed by imminent implementation, with greater control over their implementation.
803:
289:
would take up the banner of reform in the 1070s, not only pushing for many of the Qingli
Reforms, but going even further. However, while they remained in place longer than the Qingli Reforms, with the exception of some reforms to the examination system, this reform effort similarly met a dead end.
273:
Many of these reforms were put into effect in the two-year period from 1043 to 1045. However, without the full support of the emperor, there never was complete implementation of the reforms. Not long after they began, backlash from groups of officials, large land owners, and the wealthy in general
261:
The first measure undertaken was to allow competent officials to stay in one post for more than three years and for unable or treacherous officials to be removed more easily. Sons and relatives of state officials were banned from automatically inheriting the post of their father. The importance of
229:
examination in 1030. He began his association with Fan from this time in
Kaifeng. Like Fan, he also was demoted. After Fan's demotion, Ouyang criticized Fan's principle critic, resulting in being sent to a minor post in
277:
The
Imperial University was created as part of the reforms for the education of the children of commoners and low-ranking officials. It was the only institution that survived the reversal of the reforms.
158:, which lasted for one year and four months, eventually ended in defeat due to resistance of the opponents of the reforms. After that, Fan Zhongyan was deported to Dengzhou.
834:
320:
143:, it was a short-lived attempt to introduce reforms into the traditional way of conducting governmental affairs in China. It was a precursor to
622:
1048:
1652:
1376:
1315:
1207:
822:
1504:
234:. Like Fan, he was brought back to the capital in the 1040s where he was assigned to work on cataloguing the entire imperial library.
1042:
242:
Fan
Zhongyan submitted a ten-point memorial in which he outlined his reform objectives. They can be divided into three categories:
1723:
683:
1616:
413:
Geo-Architecture and
Landscape in China's Geographic and Historic Context: Volume 1 Geo-Architecture Wandering in the Landscape
321:"Ideals and Losses of a Generation: The Political Direction of the "Fan Zhongyan Group" after the Qingli New Deal (1044–1067)"
1517:
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929:
916:
881:
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817:
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713:
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514:
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939:
829:
671:
102:
1477:
775:
666:
225:
94:
975:
644:
608:
1436:
967:
963:
889:
861:
640:
299:
802:
851:
661:
723:
1728:
1299:
1054:
708:
676:
562:
372:"Ritual Controversy over the Zhaomu Sequence in Imperial Ancestral Rites in Song China (960-1279)"
1561:
1330:
905:
738:
378:
1155:
703:
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924:
465:
411:
341:
263:
155:
491:
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206:
to the north threatened Song security. Fan was brought back to organize a strong defense.
8:
1610:
1450:
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785:
187:
43:
194:
era, in the 1030s. However, he was demoted to regional posts for criticizing the Chief
1586:
1546:
753:
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22:
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267:
140:
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790:
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894:
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871:
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191:
139:. Taking place from 1043 to 1045 and so called for falling in the 1041–1048
1697:
1576:
1551:
1385:
1336:
1185:
1077:
1032:
1027:
899:
631:
537:
On Qingli New Deal: The First
Political Reform of the Northern Song Dynasty
199:
184:
172:
167:
132:
128:
583:
Sorrow and happiness for the
Tianxia: Fan Zhongyan and the Qingli New Deal
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1648:
1541:
1531:
1493:
1482:
1372:
1348:
1222:
1191:
1095:
1022:
980:
467:
Chinese
Dynasties' Internal Controversies: A Lament for the Change of Law
203:
507:
The
Cambridge History of China, Volume 5, Part Two: Sung China, 960–1279
440:
Utopia and poetry: ancient
Chinese scholarly culture and literary values
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347:
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1287:
1263:
1240:
1197:
1179:
1005:
540:. Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore.
1679:
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1311:
1089:
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995:
718:
698:
180:
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1107:
144:
110:
1354:
1324:
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124:
1409:
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resulted in the dismissal Fan Zhongyan and Fu Bi in 1045.
343:
The Evolution of Chinese Medicine: Song Dynasty, 960–1200
154:
Qingli Reforms was the first political reform of the
492:"Song Period Event History (www.chinaknowledge.de)"
223:was posted to Kaifeng four years after passing his
554:
1715:
504:
457:
339:
430:
505:Chaffee, John; Twitchett, Denis, eds. (2015).
470:. Liaoning Nationalities Press. pp. 62–.
333:
616:
533:
1049:Along the River During the Qingming Festival
463:
509:. Cambridge University Press. p. 294.
436:
623:
609:
579:
393:"How did Yan Zhenqing surpass Wang Xizhi?"
409:
1635:
266:was reduced in favour of essays and the
630:
403:
318:
119:), or Qingli New Policies, also called
1716:
1617:Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified
1542:Endless power transmitting chain drive
604:
237:
586:. Shanxi People's Publishing House.
443:. Beijing Normal University Press.
340:Asaf Goldschmidt (8 October 2008).
13:
527:
14:
1740:
256:
801:
161:
1724:Government of the Song dynasty
1043:Great Bodhisattva of Zhengding
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385:
364:
312:
115:
106:
98:
1:
1478:Southern Song dynasty coinage
464:Zhao Dongyan (1 April 2013).
305:
209:
249:Strengthen local governments
7:
890:Department of State Affairs
410:Fang Wang (22 April 2016).
300:New Policies (Song dynasty)
293:
147:three decades later led by
10:
1745:
852:Bureau of Military Affairs
555:Frederick W. Mote (1999).
416:. Springer. pp. 91–.
377:. 13 May 2015 – via
213:
165:
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1435:
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724:Alliance Conducted at Sea
714:Song–Viet war (1075–1077)
639:
281:
246:Administrative efficiency
71:
63:
42:
21:
1055:Four Great Books of Song
563:Harvard University Press
558:Imperial China, 900-1800
131:under the leadership of
906:Secretariat-Chancellery
1537:Early Bessemer process
1505:Science and technology
704:Nong Zhigao rebellions
534:Yingzhao Chen (1985).
319:Xu Lili (2017-03-23).
925:Ministry of Personnel
830:Imperial examinations
264:imperial examinations
156:Northern Song dynasty
123:(小改革), took place in
1061:Dongjing Meng Hua Lu
835:Administrative units
709:Song–Tibet relations
684:Song–Đại Cồ Việt war
437:Li Chunqing (1995).
141:era of the same name
1611:Forensic entomology
1572:Watertight bulkhead
1451:Joint-stock company
945:Ministry of Justice
930:Ministry of Revenue
840:Sixteen Prefectures
580:Lin Jiawen (2016).
103:traditional Chinese
79:Qingli New Policies
44:Traditional Chinese
18:
1547:Astronomical clock
754:Treaty of Shaoxing
268:Confucian classics
252:Strengthen defense
238:Ten-Point Memorial
95:simplified Chinese
23:Simplified Chinese
16:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1626:Dream Pool Essays
1518:Gunpowder weapons
1431:
1430:
958:
957:
950:Ministry of Works
935:Ministry of Rites
882:Three Departments
719:Fang La rebellion
699:Wang Ze rebellion
593:978-7-203-09321-3
572:978-0-674-25651-4
547:978-9971-62-113-1
477:978-7-205-07621-4
450:978-7-303-04166-4
423:978-981-10-0483-4
357:978-1-134-09181-2
83:
82:
1736:
1657:
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1633:
1632:
1381:
1380: 1174–1189
1378:
1320:
1319: 1050–1080
1317:
1212:
1211: 1111–1117
1209:
1068:
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1018:Longquan celadon
986:Five Great Kilns
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350:. pp. 46–.
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198:. In 1040, the
145:a grander effort
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19:
15:
1744:
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1735:
1734:
1733:
1729:Reform in China
1714:
1713:
1712:
1703:
1655:
1631:
1587:Horner's method
1499:
1427:
1379:
1331:Emperor Huizong
1318:
1252:
1210:
1066:
954:
940:Ministry of War
911:
876:
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797:
776:Mongol conquest
694:Chanyuan Treaty
654:Chenqiao mutiny
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528:Further reading
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399:. Jan 25, 2019.
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91:Qingli New Deal
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17:Qingli New Deal
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917:Six Ministries
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857:Qingli Reforms
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262:poetry in the
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1600:
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1597:Liaodi Pagoda
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1582:Tianchi basin
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867:Baojia system
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739:Huangtiandang
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729:Jin–Song Wars
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121:Minor Reforms
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75:Minor Reforms
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1601:
1592:Architecture
1577:Fishing reel
1552:Movable type
1522:
1492:
1386:Zhou Jichang
1337:Zhang Zeduan
1186:Zhou Bangyan
1078:Fan Zhongyan
1059:
1047:
1033:Yaozhou ware
1028:Qingbai ware
862:New Policies
856:
667:Southern Han
658:Unification
632:Song dynasty
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272:
260:
241:
224:
219:
173:Fan Zhongyan
171:
168:Fan Zhongyan
162:Fan Zhongyan
153:
133:Fan Zhongyan
129:Song dynasty
120:
114:
90:
86:
84:
1700:(1231–1316)
1694:(1202–1261)
1692:Qin Jiushao
1688:(1192-1279)
1682:(1186–1249)
1676:(1031–1095)
1670:(1020–1101)
1664:(1010–1070)
1649:Zhang Sixun
1494:Zhu Fan Zhi
1483:Champa rice
1447:(1021–1086)
1424:(1235–1305)
1418:(1222–1307)
1412:(1210–1269)
1406:(1199–1295)
1400:(1190–1230)
1394:(1178–1249)
1373:Lin Tinggui
1369:(1140–1210)
1363:(1120–1182)
1357:(1100–1197)
1351:(1096–1119)
1349:Wang Ximeng
1345:(1094-1172)
1339:(1085–1145)
1333:(1082–1135)
1327:(1051–1107)
1308:(1049–1106)
1302:(1036–1093)
1296:(1020–1090)
1290:(1019–1079)
1284:(1000–1064)
1249:(1170–1231)
1243:(1140–1207)
1237:(1130–1200)
1231:(1127–1206)
1225:(1126–1193)
1223:Fan Chengda
1219:(1125–1209)
1200:(1085–1144)
1194:(1084–1155)
1192:Li Qingzhao
1188:(1056–1121)
1182:(1047–1126)
1176:(1045–1105)
1170:(1039–1112)
1164:(1037–1101)
1158:(1033–1107)
1152:(1032–1085)
1146:(1022–1077)
1140:(1019–1086)
1134:(1019–1083)
1128:(1017–1073)
1122:(1012–1067)
1116:(1011–1077)
1110:(1009–1066)
1104:(1007–1072)
1098:(1002–1060)
1096:Mei Yaochen
1023:Cizhou ware
900:Chancellery
895:Secretariat
823:Family tree
781:Diaoyucheng
204:Western Xia
190:during the
72:Other names
1718:Categories
1645:(972–1051)
1562:Pound lock
1488:Nanhai One
1445:Wang Anshi
1343:Su Hanchen
1306:Li Gonglin
1276:Zhao Chang
1272:(970–1053)
1270:Xu Daoning
1266:(960–1030)
1247:Zhao Rukuo
1229:Yang Wanli
1138:Sima Guang
1126:Zhou Dunyi
1102:Ouyang Xiu
1092:(998–1061)
1086:(991–1055)
1080:(989–1052)
811:Government
306:References
287:Wang Anshi
221:Ouyang Xiu
216:Ouyang Xiu
210:Ouyang Xiu
196:Councillor
149:Wang Anshi
137:Ouyang Xiu
1636:Inventors
1513:Gunpowder
1422:Qian Xuan
1388:(12th c.)
1367:Liang Kai
1361:Zhao Boju
1300:Wang Shen
1282:Yi Yuanji
1278:(10th c.)
1150:Cheng Hao
1144:Zhang Zai
1132:Zeng Gong
1120:Cai Xiang
1114:Shao Yong
1038:Jian ware
1001:Guan ware
991:Ding ware
786:Xiangyang
662:Later Shu
348:Routledge
1674:Shen Kuo
1662:Jia Xian
1643:Bi Sheng
1567:Dry dock
1456:Banknote
1416:Gong Kai
1288:Wen Tong
1264:Fan Kuan
1257:Painters
1241:Xin Qiji
1198:Zhu Bian
1180:Cai Jing
1156:Cheng Yi
1006:Jun ware
976:Religion
847:Military
818:Emperors
749:Yancheng
734:Jingkang
645:Timeline
294:See also
185:imperial
1680:Song Ci
1668:Su Song
1557:Compass
1437:Economy
1398:Li Song
1312:Cui Bai
1090:Song Qi
1084:Yan Shu
1071:Writers
1011:Ru ware
996:Ge ware
968:Society
964:Culture
769:Caizhou
759:Tangdao
641:History
188:capital
181:Kaifeng
177:prefect
67:Failure
1466:Guanzi
1461:Jiaozi
1294:Guo Xi
1235:Zhu Xi
1217:Lu You
1204:Zhu Yu
1168:Su Zhe
1162:Su Shi
1108:Su Xun
981:Poetry
764:Caishi
634:topics
590:
569:
544:
513:
474:
447:
420:
354:
282:Legacy
226:jinshi
183:, the
113::
111:pinyin
105::
97::
64:Result
1686:Li Ye
1471:Huizi
1355:Li Di
1325:Mi Fu
791:Yamen
744:De'an
375:(PDF)
232:Hubei
125:China
1532:Coke
1410:Muqi
966:and
588:ISBN
567:ISBN
542:ISBN
511:ISBN
472:ISBN
445:ISBN
418:ISBN
379:CORE
352:ISBN
326:CNKI
202:and
200:Liao
175:was
135:and
107:慶曆新政
99:庆历新政
85:The
1653:fl.
1377:fl.
1316:fl.
1208:fl.
179:of
127:’s
89:or
1720::
565:.
561:.
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109:;
101:;
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381:.
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329:.
93:(
58:政
55:新
52:曆
49:慶
37:政
34:新
31:历
28:庆
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