3365:. Couples who had sex during their engagement were fined and publicly humiliated. Men, and a handful of women, who engaged in homosexual behavior, were seen as especially sinful, with some executed. While the practice of execution was also infrequently used for rape and adultery, homosexuality was actually seen as a worse sin. Passages from the Old Testament, including Lev 20:13., were thought to support the disgust for homosexuality and efforts to purge society of it. New Haven code stated "If any man lyeth with mankinde, as a man lyeth with a woman, both of them have committed abomination, they shall surely be put to death" and in 1636 the Plymouth Colony adopted a set of laws that included a sentence of death for sodomy and buggery. Prominent authors such as Thomas Cobbert, Samual Danforth and Cotton Mather wrote pieces condemning homosexuality. Mather argued that the passage "Overcome the Devil when he tempts you to the youthful sin of Uncleanness" was referring "probably to the young men of Sodom".
1220:
49:
2749:
3005:
2773:, Puritans believed that marriage was rooted in procreation, love, and, most importantly, salvation. Husbands were the spiritual heads of the household, while women were to demonstrate religious piety and obedience under male authority. Furthermore, marriage represented not only the relationship between husband and wife, but also the relationship between spouses and God. Puritan husbands commanded authority through family direction and prayer. The female relationship to her husband and to God was marked by submissiveness and humility.
3214:(1618) permitted Christians to play football every Sunday afternoon after worship. When the Puritans established themselves in power, football was among the sports that were banned: boys caught playing on Sunday could be prosecuted. Football was also used as a rebellious force: when Puritans outlawed Christmas in England in December 1647 the crowd brought out footballs as a symbol of festive misrule. Other forms of leisure and entertainment were completely forbidden on moral grounds. For example, Puritans were universally opposed to
3632:
1472:
1556:
3166:". They also objected to Christmas because the festivities surrounding the holiday were seen as impious (English jails were usually filled with drunken revelers and brawlers). During the years that the Puritan ban on Christmas was in place in England, protests occurred over the repressiveness of the Puritan regime. Pro-Christmas rioting broke out across England, semi-clandestine religious services marking Christ's birth continued to be held, and people sang
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2486:. This may include a sermon, but Holy Communion or the Lord's Supper was only occasionally observed. Officially, lay people were only required to receive communion three times a year, but most people only received communion once a year at Easter. Puritans were concerned about biblical errors and Catholic remnants within the prayer book. Puritans objected to bowing at the name of Jesus, the requirement that priests wear the
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2716:, in which they "pledged to join in the proper worship of God and to nourish each other in the search for further religious truth". Such churches were regarded as complete within themselves, with full authority to determine their own membership, administer their own discipline and ordain their own ministers. Furthermore, the sacraments would only be administered to those in the church covenant.
2581:. In the funeral service, the priest committed the body to the ground "in sure and certain hope of resurrection to eternal life, through our Lord Jesus Christ." Puritans objected to this phrase because they did not believe it was true for everyone. They suggested it be rewritten as "we commit his body believing a resurrection of the just and unjust, some to joy, and some to punishment."
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2416:â"the progressive growth in the saint's ability to better perceive and seek God's will, and thus to lead a holy life". Some Puritans attempted to find assurance of their faith by keeping detailed records of their behavior and looking for the evidence of salvation in their lives. Puritan clergy wrote many spiritual guides to help their parishioners pursue personal
3408:. In London, those attending Catholic mass or Anglican holy communion were occasionally arrested but released without charge. Many unofficial Protestant congregations, such as Baptist churches, were permitted to meet. Quakers were allowed to publish freely and hold meetings. They were, however, arrested for disrupting parish church services and organising
3299:, dominated by the anarchic Mr Punch, made its first recorded appearance in England in May 1662, with show historian Glyn Edwards stating the character of Punch "went down particularly well with Restoration British audiences, fun-starved after years of Puritanism ... he became, really, a spirit of Britain â a subversive maverick who defies authority".
1187:, but also the use of non-secular vestments (cap and gown) during services, the sign of the Cross in baptism, and kneeling to receive Holy Communion. Some of the bishops under both Elizabeth and James tried to suppress Puritanism, though other bishops were more tolerant. In many places, individual ministers were able to omit disliked portions of the
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a considerable extent its invention: a stigma, with great power to distract and distort historical memory." Historian John Spurr writes that
Puritans were defined by their relationships with their surroundings, especially with the Church of England. Whenever the Church of England changed, Spurr argues, the definition of a Puritan also changed.
6280:, pp. 83â84: "But it was not for their heterodox theology or their own open meetings that they were arrested and mistreated. It was for disrupting services in what they insisted on calling âsteeple-housesâ rather than churches; that, or for organising tithe-strikes aimed directly and specifically to undermine the state church."
2561:, the Puritans stressed "that Christ comes down to us in the sacrament by His Word and Spirit, offering Himself as our spiritual food and drink". They criticised the prayer book service for being too similar to the Catholic mass. For example, the requirement that people kneel to receive communion implied
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was necessary and thought candidates were poorly prepared since bishops did not have the time to examine them properly. The marriage service was criticised for using a wedding ring (which implied that marriage was a sacrament) and having the groom vow to his bride "with my body I thee worship", which
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of the 18th century. While evangelical views on conversion were heavily influenced by
Puritan theology, the Puritans believed that assurance of one's salvation was "rare, late and the fruit of struggle in the experience of believers", whereas evangelicals believed that assurance was normative for all
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argues that "There is little point in constructing elaborate statements defining what, in ontological terms, puritanism was and what it was not, when it was not a thing definable in itself but only one half of a stressful relationship." Puritanism "was only the mirror image of anti-puritanism and to
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and other biblical passages. Women and men were equally expected to fulfill marital responsibilities. Women and men could file for divorce based on this issue alone. In
Massachusetts colony, which had some of the most liberal colonial divorce laws, one out of every six divorce petitions was filed on
3027:
Some strong religious beliefs common to
Puritans had direct impacts on culture. Puritans believed it was the government's responsibility to enforce moral standards and ensure true religious worship was established and maintained. Education was essential to every person, male and female, so that they
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Puritans viewed the relationship between master and servant similarly to that of parent and child. Just as parents were expected to uphold
Puritan religious values in the home, masters assumed the parental responsibility of housing and educating young servants. Older servants also dwelt with masters
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The paradox created by female inferiority in the public sphere and the spiritual equality of men and women in marriage, then, gave way to the informal authority of women concerning matters of the home and childrearing. With the consent of their husbands, wives made important decisions concerning the
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itself was rarely used after the turn of the 18th century. Some
Puritan ideals, including the formal rejection of Roman Catholicism, were incorporated into the doctrines of the Church of England; others were absorbed into the many Protestant denominations that emerged in the late 17th and early 18th
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In contrast to other
Protestants who tended to view eschatology as an explanation for "God's remote plans for the world and man", Puritans understood it to describe "the cosmic environment in which the regenerate soldier of Christ was now to do battle against the power of sin". On a personal level,
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labour of their children, property, and the management of inns and taverns owned by their husbands. Pious
Puritan mothers laboured for their children's righteousness and salvation, connecting women directly to matters of religion and morality. In her poem titled "In Reference to her Children", poet
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from such experiences. Over time, however, Puritan theologians developed a framework for authentic religious experience based on their own experiences as well as those of their parishioners. Eventually, Puritans came to regard a specific conversion experience as an essential mark of one's election.
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guaranteed that in matters of religion "none shall be compelled by penalties or otherwise, but endeavours be used to win them by sound
Doctrine and the Example of a good conversation". Religious freedom was given to "all who profess Faith in God by Jesus Christ". However, Catholics and some others
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of motherhood by comparing her children to a flock of birds on the precipice of leaving home. While
Puritans praised the obedience of young children, they also believed that, by separating children from their mothers at adolescence, children could better sustain a superior relationship with God. A
2565:, a practice linked to transubstantiation. Puritans also criticised the Church of England for allowing unrepentant sinners to receive communion. Puritans wanted better spiritual preparation (such as clergy home visits and testing people on their knowledge of the catechism) for communion and better
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priests from entering territory under Puritan jurisdiction. Any suspected Catholic who could not clear himself was to be banished from the colony; a second offense carried a death penalty. A plaque in Southwick Hall at the University of Massachusetts Lowell commemorates "Royal Southwick, Lowell's
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At a time when the literacy rate in England was less than 30 per cent, the Puritan leaders of colonial New England believed children should be educated for both religious and civil reasons, and they worked to achieve universal literacy. In 1642, Massachusetts required heads of households to teach
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a crime. There was no longer a legal requirement to attend the parish church on Sundays (for both Protestants and Catholics). In 1653, responsibility for recording births, marriages and deaths was transferred from the church to a civil registrar. The result was that church baptisms and marriages
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The sermon was central to Puritan piety. It was not only a means of religious education; Puritans believed it was the most common way that God prepared a sinner's heart for conversion. On Sundays, Puritan ministers often shortened the liturgy to allow more time for preaching. Puritan churchgoers
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and other settlements among the northern colonies. The large-scale Puritan migration to New England ceased by 1641, with around 21,000 persons having moved across the Atlantic. This English-speaking population in the United States was not descended from all of the original colonists, since many
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The Puritans in the Colonies wanted their children to be able to read and interpret the Bible themselves, rather than have to rely on the clergy for interpretation. In 1635, they established the Boston Latin School to educate their sons, the first and oldest formal education institution in the
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The History of the Puritans, Or Protestant Noncomformists: From the Reformation in 1517, to the Revolution in 1688; Comprising an Account of Their Principles; Their Attempts for a Farther Reformation in the Church; Their Sufferings; and the Lives and Characters of Their Most Considerable
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2521:. It could not be assumed that baptism produces regeneration. The Westminster Confession states that the grace of baptism is only effective for those who are among the elect, and its effects lie dormant until one experiences conversion later in life. Puritans wanted to do away with
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Puritans in both England and New England believed that the state should protect and promote true religion and that religion should influence politics and social life. Certain holidays were outlawed when Puritans came to power. In 1647, Parliament outlawed the celebration of
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separately from boys at adolescence. Boys' education prepared them for vocations and leadership roles, while girls were educated for domestic and religious purposes. The pinnacle of achievement for children in Puritan society, however, occurred with the conversion process.
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Puritanism has attracted much scholarly attention, and as a result, the secondary literature on the subject is vast. Puritanism is considered crucial to understanding the religious, political and cultural issues of early modern England. In addition, historians such as
2381:. This was followed by humiliation, when the sinner realized that he or she was helpless to break free from sin and that their good works could never earn forgiveness. It was after reaching this pointâthe realization that salvation was possible only because of divine
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returned to England shortly after arriving on the continent, but it produced more than 16 million descendants. This so-called "Great Migration" is not so named because of sheer numbers, which were much less than the number of English citizens who immigrated to
1377:
The Dissenters divided themselves from all other Christians in the Church of England and established their own Separatist congregations in the 1660s and 1670s. An estimated 1,800 of the ejected clergy continued in some fashion as ministers of religion, according to
1467:
during this time, many as indentured servants. The rapid growth of the New England colonies (around 700,000 by 1790) was almost entirely due to the high birth rate and lower death rate per year. They had formed families more rapidly than did the southern colonies.
1063:. The most impatient clergy began introducing reforms within their local parishes. The initial conflict between Puritans and the authorities included instances of nonconformity, such as omitting parts of the liturgy to allow more time for the sermon and singing of
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dance, which involved couples intertwining arms or holding hands, returned to popularity in England after the restoration when the bans imposed by the Puritans were lifted. In New England, the first dancing school did not open until the end of the 17th century.
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their wives, children and servants basic reading and writing so that they could read the Bible and understand colonial laws. In 1647, the government required all towns with 50 or more households to hire a teacher and towns of 100 or more households to hire a
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In the 1570s, the primary dispute between Puritans and the authorities was over the appropriate form of church government. Many Puritans believed that the Church of England should follow the example of Reformed churches in other parts of Europe and adopt
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Attempting to force religious and intellectual homogeneity on the whole community, civil and religious restrictions were most strictly applied by the Puritans of Massachusetts which saw various banishments applied to enforce conformity, including the
1510:(in which Cotton Mather played a part) and the new charter, mediated by Increase Mather, to the death of Cotton Mather. Puritan leaders were political thinkers and writers who considered the church government to be God's agency in social life.
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were also adamant that they were not separating from the Church of England. However, some Puritans equated the Church of England with the Roman Catholic Church, and therefore considered it no Christian church at all. These groups, such as the
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in baptism. Private baptisms were opposed because Puritans believed that preaching should always accompany sacraments. Some Puritan clergy even refused to baptise dying infants because that implied the sacrament contributed to salvation.
3598:, can suffer in this way. The national context (England and Wales, as well as the kingdoms of Scotland and Ireland) frames the definition of Puritans, but was not a self-identification for those Protestants who saw the progress of the
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English-speaking New World. They also set up what were called dame schools for their daughters, and in other cases taught their daughters at home how to read. As a result, Puritans were among the most literate societies in the world.
3899:, p. 296: "Congregationalists were theologically descended directly from the Puritans of England and consequently enjoyed pride of place as one of the oldest, most numerous, and most significant religious groups in the colonies."
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By the time of the American Revolution there were 40 newspapers in the United States (at a time when there were only two citiesâNew York and Philadelphiaâwith as many as 20,000 people in them). The Puritans also set up a college (now
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pulled from the left. The fragmentation created a collapse of the centre and, ultimately, sealed a political failure, while depositing an enduring spiritual legacy that would remain and grow in English-speaking Christianity.
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writes that the Puritans' standard reputation for "dour prudery" was a "misreading that went unquestioned in the nineteenth century". He said they were in favour of married sexuality, and opposed the Catholic veneration of
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continued to promote presbyterianism through the formation of unofficial clerical conferences that allowed Puritan clergymen to organise and network. This covert Puritan network was discovered and dismantled during the
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in 1660, when Puritan legislation was declared null and void, Christmas was again freely celebrated in England. Christmas was outlawed in Boston from 1659. The ban was revoked in 1681 by the English-appointed governor
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and witchesâpersons in league with the devil. "Unexplained phenomena such as the death of livestock, human disease, and hideous fits suffered by young and old" may all be blamed on the agency of the devil or a witch.
1172:, but largely sided with his bishops. He was well informed on theological matters by his education and Scottish upbringing, and he dealt shortly with the peevish legacy of Elizabethan Puritanism, pursuing an
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centuries in North America and Britain. The Congregational churches, widely considered to be a part of the Reformed tradition, are descended from the Puritans. Moreover, Puritan beliefs are enshrined in the
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practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant. Puritanism played a significant role in English and early American history, especially during
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and with the Church of England's toleration of certain practices associated with the Roman Catholic Church. They formed and identified with various religious groups advocating greater purity of worship and
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was run along Presbyterian lines but never became a national Presbyterian church, such as existed in Scotland. England was not the theocratic state which leading Puritans had called for as "godly rule".
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eschatology was related to sanctification, assurance of salvation, and the conversion experience. On a larger level, eschatology was the lens through which events such as the English Civil War and the
1094:, church authorities attempted and failed to enforce the use of clerical vestments. While never a mass movement, the Puritans had the support and protection of powerful patrons in the aristocracy.
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5936:
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Puritanism had a historical importance over a period of a century, followed by fifty years of development in New England. It changed character and emphasis nearly decade by decade over that time.
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as well as souls: and Charles I and his government, if not allied to the forces of the Counter-Reformation, at least appeared to have set themselves identical economic and political objectives.
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than all the other witch-hunters in England of the previous 160 years. In New England, few people were accused and convicted of witchcraft before 1692; there were at most sixteen convictions.
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believed in the autonomy of the local church, which ideally would be a congregation of "visible saints" (meaning those who had experienced conversion). Members would be required to abide by a
6055:
3356:
Bounds were not set on enjoying sexuality within the bounds of marriage, as a gift from God. Spouses were disciplined if they did not perform their sexual marital duties, in accordance with
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could read the Bible for themselves. However, the Puritans' emphasis on individual spiritual independence was not always compatible with the community cohesion that was also a strong ideal.
1386:. There followed a period in which schemes of "comprehension" were proposed, under which Presbyterians could be brought back into the Church of England, but nothing resulted from them. The
3179:, who also revoked a Puritan ban on festivities on Saturday nights. Nevertheless, it was not until the mid-19th century that celebrating Christmas became fashionable in the Boston region.
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While most Puritans were members of the Church of England, they were critical of its worship practices. In the 17th century, Sunday worship in the established church took the form of the
4211:
2373:
The Puritan conversion experience was commonly described as occurring in discrete phases. It began with a preparatory phase designed to produce contrition for sin through introspection,
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Covenant theology made individual salvation deeply personal. It held that God's predestination was not "impersonal and mechanical" but was a "covenant of grace" that one entered into by
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but remained within it, advocating for further reform; they disagreed among themselves about how much further reformation was possible or even necessary. Others, who were later termed "
3302:
Puritans were not opposed to drinking alcohol in moderation. However, alehouses were closely regulated by Puritan-controlled governments in both England and Colonial America. Laws in
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1235:
The Puritan movement in England was riven over decades by emigration and inconsistent interpretations of Scripture, as well as some political differences that surfaced at that time.
3470:, who was hanged in Boston for repeatedly defying a Puritan law banning Quakers from the colony. The hanging of Dyer on Boston Common marked the beginning of the end of the Puritan
1390:
opposed the court religious policies and argued that the Dissenters should be allowed to worship separately from the established Church. This position ultimately prevailed when the
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party) were conservatives who supported retaining bishops if those leaders supported reform and agreed to share power with local churches. They also supported the idea of having a
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from 1620 as directly bearing on their denomination, and as a continuation of the religious wars of the previous century, carried on by the English Civil Wars. English historian
8560:
1205:. Most Puritans of this period were non-separating and remained within the Church of England; Separatists who left the Church of England altogether were numerically much fewer.
2868:, a sceptic on witchcraft and possession, attacked Darrell. However, Harsnett was in the minority, and many clergy, not only Puritans, believed in witchcraft and possession.
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could occur and tended to place their own time period near the end. It was expected that tribulation and persecution would increase but eventually the church's enemiesâthe
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3032:(1591â1643), the well educated daughter of a teacher, argued with the established theological orthodoxy, and was forced to leave colonial New England with her followers.
2902:, Puritans instigated the judicial proceedings against the accused and comprised the members of the court that convicted and sentenced the accused. By the time Governor
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were banned in England and the colonies, as was mixed dancing involving men and womenâwhich Mather condemned as "promiscuous dancing"âbecause it was thought to lead to
2879:, the self-proclaimed "Witchfinder General", whose career flourished during Puritan rule, was responsible for accusing over two hundred people of witchcraft, mainly in
1197:
The Puritan movement of Jacobean times became distinctive by adaptation and compromise, with the emergence of "semi-separatism", "moderate puritanism", the writings of
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In the 16th and 17th centuries, thousands of people throughout Europe were accused of being witches and executed. In England and Colonial America, Puritans engaged in
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and church polity, specifically questions relating to the manner of organizing congregations, how individual congregations should relate with one another and whether
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attended two sermons on Sundays and as many weekday sermons and lectures they could find, often traveling for miles. Puritans were distinct for their adherence to
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were Puritans. In the year 1663, 62 per cent of the members of the Royal Society were similarly identified. The Merton Thesis has resulted in continuous debates.
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returning to England to work as clergy and bishops â considered the settlement merely the first step in reforming England's church. The years of exile during the
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and the colony pressed Pynchon to return to England which he did. The censorious nature of the Puritans and the region they inhabited would lead to the phrase "
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was demolishedâand none were allowed to open in Puritan-controlled colonies. In January 1643, actors in London protested against the ban with a pamphlet titled
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of 1692 had a lasting impact on the historical reputation of New England Puritans. Though this witch hunt occurred after Puritans lost political control of the
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856:. Puritans, then, were distinguished for being "more intensely protestant than their protestant neighbors or even the Church of England". As a term of abuse,
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was called for to create a godly nation, while others advocated separation from, or the end of, any established state church entirely in favour of autonomous
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was the only one in Boston, the first school of public instruction in Massachusetts". Boys interested in the ministry were often sent to colleges such as
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was an English lawyer, largely based at Northampton and London. His diary for the period 1637â1641 records in detail the outlook of an educated Puritan.
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have regarded Puritan New England as fundamental to understanding American culture and identity. Puritanism has also been credited with the creation of
3199:. Swearing and blasphemy were illegal. In 1636, Massachusetts made blasphemyâdefined as "a cursing of God by atheism, or the like"âpunishable by death.
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defined Puritanism as "the haunting fear that someone, somewhere, may be happy." Puritans embraced sexuality but placed it in the context of marriage.
3318:(1628), that "this drinking and quaffing of healthes had it origin and birth from Pagans, heathens, and infidels, yea, from the very Deuill himself."
2796:
I had eight birds hatched in one nest; Four cocks there were, and hens the rest. I nursed them up with pain and care, Nor cost nor labour I did spare.
2342:. Therefore, being a Christian could never be reduced to simple "intellectual acknowledgment" of the truth of Christianity. Puritans agreed "that the
1219:
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3462:, were executed. The first two of the four Boston martyrs were executed by the Puritans on 27 October 1659, and in memory of this, 27 October is now
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were interpreted. There was also an optimistic aspect to Puritan millennianism; Puritans anticipated a future worldwide religious revival before the
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374:
6119:, pp. 116â117): "On many questions and specially in view of the marriage bed, the Puritans were the indulgent party, ... they were much more
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who were despoiled, imprisoned, starved, whipped, banished from Massachusetts Colony and persecuted to death in the year 1660 for being Quakers".
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214:
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Foster, Thomas (October 1999). "Deficient Husbands: Manhood, Sexual Incapacity, and Male Marital Sexuality in Seventeenth-Century New England".
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2655:, but they were against demanding strict conformity or having too much ceremony. In addition, these Puritans called for a renewal of preaching,
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to recognise the importance of freedom of religion. In 1660, one of the most notable victims of the religious intolerance was English Quaker
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3287:. With the end of Puritan rule and the restoration of Charles II, theatre among other arts exploded, and London's oldest operating theatre,
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to the elect and their minds and hearts are regenerated. For some Puritans, this was a dramatic experience and they referred to it as being
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224:
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In New England, where Congregationalism was the official religion, the Puritans exhibited intolerance of other religious views, including
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child could only be redeemed through religious education and obedience. Girls carried the additional burden of Eve's corruption and were
1786:
445:
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4006:
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3077:(founded in 1707). Aspiring lawyers or doctors apprenticed to a local practitioner, or in rare cases were sent to England or Scotland.
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379:
219:
399:
9539:
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2976:, it was believed that a thousand-year period (the millennium) would occur, during which the saints would rule with Christ on earth.
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1183:, who was an influential courtier. Puritans still opposed much of the Roman Catholic summation in the Church of England, notably the
993:
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with whom they had much in common. Consequently, they became a major political force in England and came to power as a result of the
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and were cared for in the event of illness or injury. African-American and Indian servants were likely excluded from such benefits.
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sentiment appeared in New England with the first Pilgrim and Puritan settlers. In 1647, Massachusetts passed a law prohibiting any
1494:, 1630â62 from the founding to the Restoration, years of virtual independence and nearly autonomous development; the generation of
1413:
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234:
970:. One Puritan settlement in western Massachusetts banished a husband because he refused to fulfill his sexual duties to his wife.
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5654:
1136:
2728:, would split from the established church and become known as Separatists. Other Separatists embraced more radical positions on
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left implementation to local authorities. As a result, the Church of England never developed a complete presbyterian hierarchy.
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Like the episcopalians, the presbyterians agreed that there should be a national church but one structured on the model of the
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1629:
578:
510:
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Maclear, J. F. (April 1975). "New England and the Fifth Monarchy: The Quest for the Millennium in Early American Puritanism".
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The Emergence of Liberty in the Modern World: The Influence of Calvin on Five Governments from the 16th Through 18th Centuries
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which marshals a multitude of ancient and medieval authorities against the "sin" of dramatic performance. Puritan authorities
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was a term applied not to just one group but to many. Historians still debate a precise definition of Puritanism. Originally,
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While the Puritans were united in their goal of furthering the English Reformation, they were always divided over issues of
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2596:). Church organs were commonly damaged or destroyed in the Civil War period, such as when an axe was taken to the organ of
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2001:
1759:
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churches. The nature of the Puritan movement in England changed radically. In New England, it retained its character for a
114:
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The Actors remonstrance or complaint for the silencing of their profession, and banishment from their severall play-houses
2719:
Most congregational Puritans remained within the Church of England, hoping to reform it according to their own views. The
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The Application of the Faith of the Westminster Assembly in the Ministry of the Welsh Puritan, Vavasor Powell (1617â1670)
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By the late 1630s, Puritans were in alliance with the growing commercial world, with the parliamentary opposition to the
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Confirming that such a conversion had actually happened often required prolonged and continual introspection. Historian
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7169:
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7055:
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6824:
6774:
6753:
6726:
6707:
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on behalf of infants, and give that responsibility to the child's father. Puritans also objected to priests making the
2456:. Many Puritans relied on both personal religious experience and self-examination to assess their spiritual condition.
1986:
1355:
constitution with only minor changes, and the Puritans found themselves sidelined. A traditional estimate of historian
1164:
of 1603 for reform of the English church, but James wanted a religious settlement along different lines. He called the
1060:
615:
7703:
3158:. Puritans strongly condemned the celebration of Christmas, considering it a Catholic invention and the "trappings of
2783:... together for a time as copartners in grace here, they may reigne together forever as coheires in glory hereafter.
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2748:
1641:
1332:
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229:
6402:
4316:
1486:
Puritan hegemony lasted for at least a century. That century can be broken down into three parts: the generation of
9069:
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3500:
1387:
999:
384:
339:
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9154:
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8453:
8263:
8226:
7900:
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than their adversaries . The idea that a Puritan was a repressed and repressive person would have astonished Sir
5765:
5612:
2354:
2283:
and unable to fulfill the covenant of works, since each person inevitably violated God's law as expressed in the
1734:
1656:
1285:
1264:
883:
was so corrupt that true Christians should separate from it altogether. In its widest historical sense, the term
254:
4361:
9499:
9468:
9436:
9263:
9182:
8613:
8383:
8299:
8190:
6867:
6446:
3758:
was a Puritan woman noted for speaking freely about her religious views, which resulted in her banishment from
2924:
has been placed in the broader context of European Reformed beliefs about the millennium and interpretation of
2729:
2365:. Early on, Puritans did not consider a specific conversion experience normative or necessary, but many gained
2216:, and the relationship between God and mankind. They believed that all of their beliefs should be based on the
2168:
1996:
1979:
1119:
6882:
The Birthpangs of Protestant England: Religious and Cultural Change in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
6029:
3202:
Puritans were opposed to Sunday sport or recreation because these distracted from religious observance of the
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9448:
9212:
8869:
8667:
8637:
8478:
8329:
8282:
8020:
3732:
3447:
were the most active of the New England persecutors of Quakers, and the persecuting spirit was shared by the
3261:
and its associations with depravity and prostitutionâLondon's theatres were located on the south side of the
2899:
2670:. They wanted to replace bishops with a system of elective and representative governing bodies of clergy and
1876:
1739:
1692:
1401:
890:
Puritans should not be confused with other radical Protestant groups of the 16th and 17th centuries, such as
872:
734:
470:
129:
2208:
tradition. While Puritans did not agree on all doctrinal points, most shared similar views on the nature of
1056:
9519:
9514:
8647:
6547:
5702:
3809:
3603:
2244:
2158:
1836:
1744:
1368:
1188:
3353:" being coined in the late 19th century, a phrase which was applied to Boston up to the mid-20th century.
2412:, but cast them on the iron couch of introspection". It was expected that conversion would be followed by
1367:" came to include "Puritan", but more accurately described those (clergy or lay) who "dissented" from the
9011:
8657:
8642:
8628:
8535:
8525:
8015:
7758:
5804:
5197:
4629:
3276:
2884:
2514:
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2428:
2322:
made possible the covenant of grace, by which those selected by God could be saved. Puritans believed in
2295:
2268:
1966:
1661:
1646:
1269:
903:
673:(as were many of their earlier opponents). In church polity, Puritans were divided between supporters of
3716:
9509:
8662:
8530:
8334:
3338:
2949:
2840:
as evil forces that could possess and cause harm to men and women. There was also widespread belief in
2362:
2086:
1198:
531:
63:
6700:
The Contribution of British Writers Between 1560 and 1830 to the Interpretation of Revelation 13.16â18
3796:(minister) was the key adviser to Oliver Cromwell on matters of religion and regulation of the Church.
2988:
of Christ. Another departure from other Protestants was the widespread belief among Puritans that the
1263:
was called in 1643, assembling clergy of the Church of England. The Assembly was able to agree to the
9441:
8924:
8388:
8278:
6443:
Catholic Higher Education in Protestant America: The Jesuits and Harvard in the Age of the University
5405:
3681:
3639:
3614:
To the heightened Puritan imagination it seemed that, all over Europe, the lamps were going out: the
3288:
2675:
2479:
2307:
2121:
1634:
1400:
in 1689. This permitted the licensing of Dissenting ministers and the building of chapels. The term "
1356:
1317:
1127:
of the 1580s. For the remainder of Elizabeth's reign, Puritans ceased to agitate for further reform.
821:
552:
538:
359:
164:
139:
6081:
Banned in Boston: The Watch and Ward Society's Crusade against Books, Burlesque, and the Social Evil
3394:
became private acts, not guarantees of legal rights, which provided greater equality to dissenters.
3226:
because they involved unnecessary injury to God's creatures. For similar reasons, they also opposed
2513:. In Puritan theology, infant baptism was understood in terms of covenant theologyâbaptism replaced
9463:
9431:
9326:
9006:
8819:
8312:
8248:
3799:
3759:
3444:
3399:
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2509:. However, the effect of baptism was disputed. Puritans objected to the prayer book's assertion of
1881:
1682:
1455:
1301:
1202:
1165:
802:
495:
364:
289:
20:
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3478:
explicitly forbade Massachusetts from executing anyone for professing Quakerism. In 1684, England
8734:
8674:
8550:
8432:
8231:
7833:
6912:
Craig, John (2008), "The Growth of English Puritanism", in Coffey, John; Lim, Paul C. H. (eds.),
6855:
4979:
4097:
3004:
2960:. Protestant theologians identified the sequential phases the world must pass through before the
2557:, believing that in the Lord's Supper the faithful receive Christ spiritually. In agreement with
2374:
2358:
2299:
1619:
1180:
979:
717:
134:
4315:
9504:
9394:
9281:
8899:
8520:
8441:
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3522:
3484:
3385:
3203:
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2510:
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2435:
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1861:
1796:
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1431:
1391:
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1313:
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1007:
967:
810:
806:
728:
698:
608:
455:
329:
174:
124:
59:
7367:
7012:
6670:
6326:
3990:
752:
Puritanism was never a formally defined religious division within Protestantism, and the term
9389:
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8402:
8307:
8221:
8003:
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3575:
continue to be read and studied as important figures within English and American literature.
3552:
3538:
3475:
3379:
3106:
3014:
2948:. Like most English Protestants of the time, Puritans based their eschatological views on an
2915:
2833:
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2705:
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2641:
2562:
2421:
2390:
2339:
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2008:
1891:
1806:
1729:
1547:
1382:. The government initially attempted to suppress these schismatic organisations by using the
1274:
1111:
1091:
1036:
738:
682:
573:
416:
324:
299:
3586:
The analysis of "mainstream Puritanism" in terms of the evolution from it of Separatist and
1502:
to the Glorious Revolution, years of struggle with the British crown; and the generation of
9379:
9336:
9286:
9074:
9026:
9021:
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8045:
8035:
7998:
7659:
5241:
3599:
3090:
2981:
2823:
2695:
2366:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2221:
2205:
2076:
2061:
1712:
1702:
1697:
1451:
1260:
1224:
1115:
932:
702:
284:
53:
3482:, sent over a royal governor to enforce English laws in 1686 and, in 1689, passed a broad
864:
called themselves terms such as "the godly", "saints", "professors", or "God's children".
8:
9494:
9403:
9384:
9124:
9119:
9046:
8764:
8739:
8618:
8598:
8545:
8446:
8344:
8241:
8209:
8153:
7748:
6934:
6025:
5959:"From pandemics to puritans: when theatre shut down through history and how it recovered"
5931:
4575:
Infamous Scribblers: The Founding Fathers and the Rowdy Beginnings of American Journalism
4487:
4381:
3712:
3615:
3345:. Published in London in 1650, when the book reached Boston it was immediately burned on
3245:
that did not involve close contact between men and women was considered appropriate. The
3066:
2841:
2829:
2637:
2597:
2209:
2036:
1397:
1338:
1297:
1228:
1099:
1003:
936:
868:
678:
653:
94:
6860:
The Story of Liberty: So You Will Comprehend What Liberty Has Cost, and What It Is Worth
6786:"New England's Puritan Century: Three Generations of Continuity in the City upon a Hill"
4382:
Leaving England: The Social Background of Indentured Servants in the Seventeenth Century
3729:
was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and an important military leader.
3701:
was the first female to have her works published in the British North American colonies.
701:
became more prominent in the 1640s, when the supporters of a presbyterian polity in the
9351:
9101:
9031:
8948:
8936:
8913:
8709:
8483:
8324:
8268:
8258:
8060:
7844:
7553:
7545:
7457:
7387:
7360:
7287:
7249:
7190:
7158:
7135:
6996:
6570:
6079:
5719:
4449:
3749:
3171:
3110:
3070:
2953:
2945:
2895:
2853:
2667:
2593:
2538:
2330:âGod's grace was given freely without condition to the elect and could not be refused.
2327:
2236:
2091:
1946:
1931:
1841:
1811:
1751:
1539:
1519:
1364:
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1011:
876:
724:
713:
694:
686:
369:
314:
309:
264:
189:
119:
8422:
5434:
The Making and Unmaking of Empires: Britain, India, and the United States C. 1750â1783
1951:
1308:. The membership of the Assembly was strongly weighted towards the Presbyterians, but
9489:
9276:
9195:
9190:
9144:
9084:
8953:
8749:
8134:
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7691:
7681:
7629:
7606:
7589:
7557:
7507:
7476:
7426:
7419:
7394:
7371:
7342:
People and a Nation: A History of the United States, Volume 1: To 1877, Brief Edition
7317:
7256:
7218:
7214:
The Greenian Moment: T.H. Green, Religion and Political Argument in Victorian Britain
7197:
7165:
7142:
7107:
7086:
7079:
7051:
7018:
6965:
6941:
6919:
6886:
6876:
6863:
6841:
6820:
6790:
6770:
6749:
6722:
6703:
6680:
6655:
6619:
6584:
6530:
6373:
6330:
6090:
5660:
5438:
5233:
5196:
4633:
4604:
4579:
4573:
4552:
4491:
3996:
3579:
3452:
3436:
3163:
2929:
2925:
2861:
2660:
2566:
2546:
2542:
2530:
2350:
of God would always come as an individuated personal encounter with God's promises".
2343:
2260:
2228:
2013:
1961:
1941:
1916:
1856:
1826:
1707:
1624:
1499:
1352:
1236:
1068:
907:
899:
880:
758:
709:
666:
637:
601:
586:
394:
319:
304:
259:
32:
9139:
7714:
7103:
Paradise Postponed: Johann Heinrich Alsted and the Birth of Calvinist Millenarianism
3121:, and early experimental science. As an example, seven of 10 nucleus members of the
1345:
was called to determine a new religious settlement for England and Wales. Under the
1078:
Yet, the main complaint Puritans had was the requirement that clergy wear the white
9036:
8976:
8364:
8349:
8050:
8030:
8025:
8008:
7988:
7537:
7449:
7279:
6988:
6462:"Lowell Textile Institute, Lowell, MA. Dedication plaque for Southwick Hall. (002)"
6459:
6120:
5711:
4441:
3776:
3720:
3650:
3643:
3631:
3495:
3405:
3350:
3292:
3233:
While card playing by itself was generally considered acceptable, card playing and
3094:
2933:
2694:, the presbyterians had limited success at reorganizing the Church of England. The
2633:
2550:
2284:
1936:
1866:
1791:
1770:
1724:
1560:
1342:
1293:
1239:, a radical millenarian wing of Puritanism, aided by strident, popular clergy like
1064:
1045:
798:
674:
646:
427:
7351:
Separated by Their Sex: Women in Public and Private in the Colonial Atlantic World
2452:, and too much emphasis on subjective religious experience could be criticized as
2204:
broadly refers to a diverse religious reform movement in Britain committed to the
1243:, agitated from the right wing of the movement, even as sectarian groups like the
9409:
9311:
9249:
8991:
8942:
8488:
8143:
7793:
7673:
7667:
7470:
7101:
7045:
6913:
6880:
6835:
6764:
6737:
6676:
6574:
6322:
6316:
6301:
4548:
4388:
4368:
4218:
3755:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3635:
3619:
3568:
3448:
3334:
3329:
on Boston Common after it was deemed blasphemous by the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
3167:
3074:
3029:
2876:
2865:
2789:
2756:
2713:
2699:
2629:
2448:
Too much emphasis on one's good works could be criticized for being too close to
2347:
2231:
was central to their beliefs. With roots in the writings of Reformed theologians
2056:
1991:
1495:
1423:
1309:
1002:
of 1559 established the Church of England as a Protestant church and brought the
690:
641:
485:
475:
460:
450:
6918:, Cambridge Companions to Religion, Cambridge University Press, pp. 34â47,
3265:, which was a center of prostitution. A major Puritan attack on the theatre was
1227:, which saw disputes on Church polity in England (Victorian history painting by
9413:
9399:
9374:
9369:
9160:
9134:
9064:
8879:
8781:
8776:
8759:
8699:
8593:
8540:
8369:
8289:
8138:
7789:
7677:
7625:
3843:
3459:
3311:
3296:
3266:
3207:
3062:
2993:
2969:
2957:
2776:
2558:
2526:
2518:
2506:
2505:: baptism and the Lord's Supper. Puritans agreed with the church's practice of
2460:
2413:
2252:
2046:
1921:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1871:
1846:
1717:
1491:
1404:" generally replaced the term "Dissenter" from the middle of the 18th century.
1383:
1379:
1360:
1240:
1153:
1083:
843:
814:
794:
782:
500:
334:
1168:
in 1604, and heard the teachings of four prominent Puritan leaders, including
9483:
9316:
9253:
9242:
9129:
9016:
8919:
8907:
8771:
8744:
8684:
8163:
7983:
7695:
7663:
7593:
6651:
6128:
4927:
4896:
4056:
3838:
3805:
3770:
3745:
3726:
3666:
3572:
3491:
3424:
3346:
3307:
3303:
3280:
3271:
3254:
3188:
3184:
3176:
3122:
3086:
3050:
2985:
2973:
2961:
2921:
2903:
2656:
2613:
2453:
2240:
2147:
2081:
2071:
1896:
1886:
1851:
1831:
1601:
1572:
1564:
1507:
1503:
1471:
1447:
1289:
1052:
963:
950:
945:
835:
834:
was a pejorative term characterizing certain Protestant groups as extremist.
786:
545:
505:
480:
465:
435:
294:
194:
184:
179:
169:
84:
3590:
groups that did not flourish, and others that continue to this day, such as
3314:, the most rabid of the Puritan anti-toasters, wrote a book on the subject,
2632:
were scriptural. On these questions, Puritans divided between supporters of
1067:. Some Puritans refused to bow on hearing the name of Jesus, or to make the
852:
9341:
9271:
9149:
8958:
8929:
8796:
8493:
8236:
8195:
7580:
Watras, Joseph (2008). "Education and Evangelism in the English Colonies".
7475:. Studies in Modern British Religious History. Vol. 6. Boydell Press.
6742:
Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia
6690:
6606:
6407:
6387:
6344:
6086:
5787:
5769:
The Lives of the Lords Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of England
5682:
5460:
4222:
4018:
3607:
3530:
3262:
3223:
3054:
2857:
2770:
2625:
2588:
because these were associated with Roman Catholicism; however, singing the
2573:
2401:
2280:
2264:
2256:
2143:
2066:
1956:
1801:
1687:
1591:
1555:
1427:
1072:
1027:
778:
742:
389:
79:
7802:
7762:
7160:
The Literary Culture of Nonconformity in Later Seventeenth-Century England
5751:
Blasphemy: Verbal Offense Against the Sacred, from Moses to Salman Rushdie
2906:
ended the trials, fourteen women and five men had been hanged as witches.
2553:
of the Lord's Supper. Instead, Puritans embraced the Reformed doctrine of
1114:
were blocked by the Queen. Despite such setbacks, Puritan leaders such as
8981:
8842:
8813:
8754:
8729:
8724:
8588:
8503:
8397:
8378:
8087:
7278:(2). Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 223â260.
7244:
7081:
The World Turned Upside Down: Radical Ideas During the English Revolution
6124:
3783:
3765:
3736:
3676:
3564:
3560:
3362:
3326:
3238:
3219:
3215:
3155:
3114:
2937:
2880:
2801:
2578:
2449:
2276:
2271:
in return for perfect obedience; this promise was termed the covenant of
2232:
2018:
1816:
1596:
1568:
1305:
1087:
1023:
790:
633:
490:
440:
109:
104:
89:
3723:. He was a very religious man and was considered an independent Puritan.
3578:
A debate continues on the definition of "Puritanism". English historian
3373:
Puritan rule in England was marked by limited religious toleration. The
3361:
the basis of male impotence. Puritans publicly punished drunkenness and
9361:
9111:
9059:
8864:
8694:
8339:
8168:
8112:
8107:
7549:
7410:
Female Piety in Puritan New England the Emergence of Religious Humanism
7291:
7000:
6635:
Evangelicalism in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s
6461:
5805:"Historian Reveals that Cromwellian Christmas Football Rebels Ran Riot"
5723:
5697:
4453:
4311:
3848:
3793:
3587:
3556:
3242:
2965:
2872:
2806:
2522:
2405:
2394:
2272:
2041:
1926:
1435:
1281:. In England, the Standards were contested by Independents up to 1660.
670:
7722:
Jeremiah's Scribes: Creating Sermon Literature in Puritan New England.
7461:
6295:
Mary Dyer of Rhode Island: The Quaker Martyr That Was Hanged on Boston
3768:
is regarded as among the greatest English poets; author of epics like
3511:
3415:
3133:
2490:, and the use of written, set prayers in place of improvised prayers.
9356:
9306:
9232:
9227:
9001:
8986:
8714:
8704:
8407:
8393:
8117:
7523:"Vertuous Women Found: New England Ministerial Literature, 1668â1735"
7008:
6638:
5392:
The School upon a Hill: Education and Society in Colonial New England
4469:
The School upon a Hill: Education and Society in Colonial New England
3542:
3534:
3471:
3467:
3420:
3390:
3341:, Massachusetts, wrote a critique of Puritanical Calvinism, entitled
3321:
3147:
3098:
3065:
instructor to prepare promising boys for college. Philemon Pormort's
2608:
2502:
2386:
2378:
2288:
2196:
2051:
1821:
1576:
1464:
1248:
1161:
1015:
959:
954:
99:
7541:
7283:
6992:
5715:
5596:
The English Revolution and the Wars in the Three Kingdoms, 1638-1652
4445:
4403:
The Puritan Experiment: New England Society from Bradford to Edwards
3802:
was an influential Puritan minister, teacher and founder of Newbury.
1273:
was made official in 1645, and the larger framework (now called the
1201:(who adopted the term "Puritan" for himself), and the beginnings of
9200:
8719:
8498:
8412:
8158:
8148:
8102:
8097:
8092:
7453:
7313:
6745:
6369:
4065:
Puritanism: The haunting fear that someone, somewhere, may be happy
3992:
A Layman's Guide To: Why Are There So Many Christian Denominations?
3812:" and as a leading figure in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
3591:
3234:
2737:
2725:
2487:
2153:
1460:
1079:
1041:
940:
923:
658:
7440:
Spencer, Ivor Debenham (December 1935). "Christmas, the Upstart".
4429:
2517:
as a sign of the covenant and marked a child's admission into the
1418:
1316:
who imposed his doctrines upon them. The Church of England of the
9237:
9167:
8827:
8791:
6403:"America's dark and not-very-distant history of hating Catholics"
4277:
3595:
3499:
anti-slavery Quaker senator and manufacturer and a descendant of
3440:
3258:
3192:
3118:
2888:
2648:
2409:
2239:, covenant theology was further developed by Puritan theologians
2227:
The concept of covenant was extremely important to Puritans, and
1252:
1173:
1031:
1022:. Nevertheless, it preserved certain characteristics of medieval
1019:
895:
891:
773:
6840:. Cambridge Companions to Religion. Cambridge University Press.
5240:. American Historical Association 1911 (reissued 1965) New York
3606:
writes of the 1630s, old church lands, and the accusations that
3046:
2753:
The Snake in the Grass or Satan Transform'd to an Angel of Light
1179:
Many of James's episcopal appointments were Calvinists, notably
902:, who believed that individuals could be directly guided by the
8253:
8173:
8040:
7730:
Hot Protestants: A History of Puritanism in England and America
3432:
3246:
3227:
3159:
3151:
3138:
2589:
1244:
1103:
723:
Almost all Puritan clergy left the Church of England after the
4326:. Vol. 51. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 63â65.
1010:(r. 1558â1603), the Church of England was widely considered a
8801:
6428:
Crime and Punishment: The Colonial Period to the New Frontier
5839:
4526:
4524:
4522:
3409:
3404:
were excluded. No one was executed for their religion during
3196:
2837:
2683:
2671:
2417:
2404:
wrote that the Puritans "liberated men from the treadmill of
2382:
2217:
1267:
doctrinally, a consistent Reformed theological position. The
911:
762:
662:
6207:
Chicago Whispers: A History of LGBT Chicago before Stonewall
5177:
3786:
was an influential Puritan minister, teacher and founder of
3230:. These sports were illegal in England during Puritan rule.
1359:
is that around 2,400 Puritan clergy left the Church in the "
6271:
6249:
6247:
5027:
4670:
3325:
19th-century portrayal of the burning of William Pynchon's
6213:
6163:
6161:
6146:
5564:. Vol. 35, no. 12. pp. 7â14. Archived from
5284:
5044:
5042:
4774:
4772:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4519:
4509:
4507:
4229:
3911:
The Historic Church: An Orthodox View of Christian History
3206:. In an attempt to offset the strictness of the Puritans,
3117:
between the rise of English Puritanism, as well as German
2569:
to ensure that the unworthy were kept from the sacrament.
2459:
Puritanism's experiential piety would be inherited by the
860:
was not used by Puritans themselves. Those referred to as
652:
Puritans were dissatisfied with the limited extent of the
7047:
The Bible, Protestantism, and the Rise of Natural Science
6480:
6460:
UMass Lowell Libraries Archives and Special Collections.
5078:
5054:
2213:
6259:
6244:
6232:
6180:
5656:
Merry Christmas!: Celebrating America's Greatest Holiday
5636:
5634:
5558:"Lords of Misrule: The Puritan War on Christmas 1642â60"
5527:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5153:
4799:
4128:
3917:
3306:
in 1634 banned the "abominable" practice of individuals
3053:, influential New England Puritan minister, portrait by
2698:
proposed the creation of a presbyterian system, but the
6158:
5572:
5537:
5347:
5301:
5299:
5260:
5248:
5131:
5129:
5039:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4840:
4838:
4789:
4787:
4769:
4759:
4757:
4735:
4723:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4682:
4646:
4603:. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. pp. 230â236.
4504:
4409:
4330:
9419:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
6134:
6022:"Cheers: Celebration Drinking Is an Ancient Tradition"
5878:
5335:
5323:
5311:
4950:
4948:
4907:
4905:
4874:
4862:
4811:
4179:
4167:
4157:
4155:
2928:, for which representative figures of the period were
1208:
842:, dates the first use of the word to 1564. Archbishop
7506:. Social History in Perspective. Palgrave MacMillan.
6936:
A Little Commonwealth; Family Life in Plymouth Colony
5999:
5890:
5851:
5827:
5631:
5518:
5497:
5476:
5272:
5090:
3866:
3559:
in Europe and North America. Puritan authors such as
3541:
to the rise of democracy. In the early 20th century,
2545:) teachings that Christ is physically present in the
867:"Non-separating Puritans" were dissatisfied with the
636:
in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the
6492:
5296:
5238:
A History of Witchcraft In England from 1558 to 1718
5165:
5141:
5126:
5102:
5066:
5015:
4998:
4960:
4835:
4784:
4754:
4706:
4694:
4658:
4025:
3960:
3958:
3878:
2968:(identified with the Roman Catholic Church) and the
1563:
in Geneva, featuring prominent Reformed theologians
1288:, on the other hand, were divided over questions of
1110:. But all attempts to enact further reforms through
777:
Gallery of famous 17th-century Puritan theologians:
705:
were unable to forge a new English national church.
7724:
Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
7310:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life in America
6616:
The American Christmas: A Study in National Culture
6209:. University of Wisconsin Press. 2012. p. 248.
5371:
4980:"Worcester Cathedral welcomes you to their Website"
4945:
4933:
4902:
4850:
4823:
4342:
4191:
4152:
4140:
3669:was an influential Puritan minister and founder of
2883:. Between 1644 and 1647, Hopkins and his colleague
2832:, Puritans believed in the active existence of the
1051:Many English Protestants â especially those former
7753:. Belfast, North of Ireland Bk. Tract Depository.
7652:Lay Empowerment and the Development of Puritanism.
7418:
7386:
7359:
7248:
7189:
7157:
7134:
7078:
6933:
6078:
6052:"Springfield's 375th: From Puritans to presidents"
5924:
5911:Writing the History of the British Stage 1660-1900
5359:
5218:Robbins, Rossell Hope (1959). "Hopkins, Matthew".
4289:
4241:
4116:
4037:
3970:
2294:Puritans shared with other Calvinists a belief in
2263:. Covenant theology asserts that when God created
7704:American Protestant Theology: A Historical Sketch
7421:Being Good: Women's Moral Values in Early America
6798:(1). The Conference on Faith and History: 41â58.
6386:from the original on 26 January 2018 – via
5710:(6). American Sociological Association: 766â776.
5607:
5605:
5114:
4265:
4104:
3955:
3929:
3548:The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
9481:
7299:Miller, Perry; Johnson, Thomas H., eds. (2014).
4253:
3427:, 1 June 1660, by an unknown 19th century artist
2353:The process by which the elect are brought from
2132:North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council
1351:, the Church of England was restored to its pre-
1326:
685:polities. Some believed a uniform reform of the
7622:The Sacraments in Protestant Practice and Faith
7472:Puritan Iconoclasm During the English Civil War
7448:(4). The New England Quarterly, Inc.: 498â517.
7362:The Holy Spirit in Puritan Faith and Experience
6961:Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America
6736:Bremer, Francis J.; Webster, Tom, eds. (2006).
4049:
2586:musical instruments in their religious services
921:often means "against pleasure". In such usage,
6672:Historical Dictionary of the Reformed Churches
6668:
6318:Historical Dictionary of the Friends (Quakers)
6224:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMather1663â1728 (
5602:
4982:. Worcestercathedral.co.uk. 20 February 2010.
4283:
3644:Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland
1292:and split into factions supporting a reformed
19:"Puritan" redirects here. For other uses, see
9530:History of Christianity in the United Kingdom
7818:
7298:
6735:
6719:Anne Hutchinson: Troubler of the Puritan Zion
6365:Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America
6343:from the original on 10 May 2016 – via
5845:
5748:
5467:
5220:The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology
5183:
3923:
3748:was a Puritan minister and co-founder of the
3721:Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland
2992:to Christianity was an important sign of the
2817:
2176:
2127:International Conference of Reformed Churches
1438:, so their churches were unadorned and plain.
609:
9535:History of Christianity in the United States
7393:. Berkeley, University of California Press.
7301:The Puritans: A Sourcebook of Their Writings
7014:The Bourgeois Experience: The Tender Passion
6834:Coffey, John; Lim, Paul C. H., eds. (2008).
6669:Benedetto, Robert; McKim, Donald K. (2010).
5799:
5797:
4362:The Puritans: A Sourcebook of Their Writings
1407:
733:. Many continued to practice their faith in
7832:
7407:
6314:
6219:
6191:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrompton1976 (
6172:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrandell1997 (
5589:
5587:
5207:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885â1900.
5084:
5060:
4926:, "The True Meaning of the Lord's Supper",
4091:
4085:
2318:salvation. According to covenant theology,
1522:) only six years after arriving in Boston.
1176:religious policy, in which he was arbiter.
7825:
7811:
6645:
6632:
6576:A Religious History of the American People
6441:Mahoney, Kathleen A. (10 September 2003).
6016:
6014:
5488:
4923:
4892:
4805:
4578:. New York: Public Affairs. pp. 6â7.
4545:Debating the Issues in Colonial Newspapers
4481:
4217:. Vol. 1. p. 246. Archived from
3023:New England Puritan culture and recreation
2183:
2169:
962:(associated with the Virgin Mary), citing
616:
602:
47:
7192:Godly Rule: Politics and Religion 1603â60
6875:
6833:
6783:
6514:
6486:
6277:
6265:
6253:
6238:
5913:. Cambridge University Press. p. 64.
5869:
5794:
4868:
4415:
4306:
4304:
4134:
4079:Stanley Cavell on Aesthetic Understanding
3780:. He was a staunch supporter of Cromwell.
3551:that Calvinist self-denial resulted in a
3128:
3089:is an argument about the nature of early
3042:History of education in the United States
2467:
2259:and, most fully by Ames's Dutch student,
1059:had exposed them to the practices of the
994:History of the Puritans under Elizabeth I
987:
879:", or "separating Puritans", thought the
7468:
7255:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
7210:
7043:
6654: ed.). Reformation Heritage Books.
6569:
6358:
6356:
6354:
6186:
6167:
5763:
5659:. Harvard University Press. p. 44.
5584:
5482:
5430:
5048:
5033:
4778:
4748:
4729:
4676:
4652:
4542:
4391:", The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.
4336:
3988:
3872:
3630:
3510:
3414:
3320:
3132:
3045:
3003:
2999:
2747:
2607:
1470:
1417:
1414:History of the Puritans in North America
1314:independent Congregationalist Separatist
1218:
772:
765:held by the Congregationalist churches.
16:Subclass of English Reformed Protestants
9243:Fostering of early experimental science
7771:
7727:
7657:
7439:
7366:. University of Chicago Press. p.
7357:
7269:
7132:
7106:. Springer Science and Business Media.
6954:
6613:
6440:
6400:
6288:
6286:
6011:
5874:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 30.
5695:
5652:
5640:
5593:
5578:
5555:
5543:
5437:. Oxford University Press. p. 30.
5341:
5329:
5317:
5290:
5096:
4623:
4530:
4348:
4076:
4055:
4031:
3368:
3343:The Meritorious Price of Our Redemption
2537:Puritans rejected both Roman Catholic (
1498:, 1662â89 from the Restoration and the
1137:History of the Puritans under Charles I
9550:Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom
9482:
9347:Fundamentalist â Modernist controversy
7788:
7757:
7579:
7520:
7416:
7348:
7339:
7330:
7307:
7187:
7155:
7099:
6978:
6854:
6814:
6762:
6716:
6498:
6415:from the original on 30 December 2016.
6152:
6140:
6076:
5908:
5896:
5884:
5857:
5833:
5815:from the original on 28 September 2020
5764:Campbell, John Campbell Baron (1851).
5531:
5512:
5389:
5377:
5365:
5353:
5305:
5278:
5266:
5254:
5171:
5147:
5135:
5108:
5072:
5021:
5009:
4966:
4844:
4793:
4763:
4717:
4700:
4688:
4664:
4513:
4466:
4427:
4400:
4371:". Perry Miller and Thomas H. Johnson.
4301:
4295:
4247:
4122:
3908:
3896:
3884:
2389:, when the righteousness of Christ is
1630:Republication of the Covenant of Works
1446:, particularly from 1629 to 1640 (the
1141:
1130:
1086:. Puritan clergymen preferred to wear
9555:Presbyterianism in the United Kingdom
9545:Anti-Catholicism in the United States
7806:
7711:The Puritans: A Transatlantic History
7619:
7501:
7384:
7243:
7178:
6940:. New York: Oxford University Press.
6931:
6915:The Cambridge Companion to Puritanism
6911:
6837:The Cambridge Companion to Puritanism
6766:Puritanism: A Very Short Introduction
6697:
6648:A Puritan Theology: Doctrine for Life
6526:
6510:
6351:
6116:
5969:from the original on 31 December 2020
5412:from the original on 27 November 2020
5159:
5120:
4954:
4939:
4911:
4880:
4856:
4829:
4817:
4598:
4571:
4430:"The Political Ideas of the Puritans"
4271:
4235:
4197:
4185:
4173:
4161:
4146:
4043:
3976:
3964:
3951:. Scarecrow Press. 2008. p. 250.
3935:
3279:in the 1640s and 1650sâShakespeare's
3080:
2856:in some high-profile cases. Exorcist
2584:Puritans eliminated choral music and
1148:History of the Puritans under James I
1106:would be replaced with government by
1014:church, and Calvinists held the best
145:17th-century denominations in England
7743:
7600:
7582:American Educational History Journal
7567:from the original on 4 November 2018
7412:. New York: Oxford University Press.
7389:John Foxe and the Elizabethan Church
7076:
6646:Beeke, Joel R.; Jones, Mark (2012).
6546:
6430:. Discovery Enterprises. p. 24.
6283:
6058:from the original on 2 November 2013
6005:
5939:from the original on 11 January 2022
5872:The Encyclopedia of World Folk Dance
5673:from the original on 21 January 2023
5619:from the original on 2 February 2018
5598:. Taylor & Francis. p. 329.
5217:
4428:Osgood, Herbert L. (7 August 1891).
4259:
4209:
2501:Puritans taught that there were two
2287:. As sinners, every person deserved
2117:World Communion of Reformed Churches
1760:Institutes of the Christian Religion
1363:" of 1662. At this point, the term "
939:described the vain, pompous killjoy
869:Reformation of the Church of England
661:, as well as personal and corporate
115:Arminianism in the Church of England
7654:New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
7353:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
7007:
6425:
5613:"When Christmas carols were banned"
4986:from the original on 23 August 2010
4626:The American College and University
4310:
4110:
3626:
3521:, a late 19th-century sculpture by
3464:International Religious Freedom Day
3412:-strikes against the state church.
2420:and sanctification. These included
1481:Funerary art in Puritan New England
1209:Fragmentation and political failure
850:with a sense similar to the modern
693:, called-out from the world. These
13:
7669:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
7644:
6802:from the original on 9 August 2022
6784:Carpenter, John B. (Winter 2003).
6401:Carroll, Rory (25 February 2016).
5730:from the original on 10 March 2022
4317:"Calamy, Edmund (1671â1732)"
3618:was winning back property for the
3555:that nurtured the development of
3295:, opened in 1663. The puppet show
2792:reflects on her role as a mother:
2385:âthat the person would experience
2302:) were destined by God to receive
1506:, 1689â1728 from the overthrow of
1454:), supporting the founding of the
1156:to the English throne brought the
14:
9566:
7795:The Bruised Reed and Smoking Flax
7750:The Plain Man's Pathway to Heaven
7489:from the original on 4 April 2023
7231:from the original on 4 April 2023
7120:from the original on 4 April 2023
7064:from the original on 4 April 2023
7031:from the original on 4 April 2023
6899:from the original on 4 April 2023
6817:Puritan Gentry Besieged 1650â1700
6597:from the original on 4 April 2023
5989:"Punch and Judy around the world"
5778:from the original on 4 April 2023
5451:from the original on 4 April 2023
4482:McCullough, David (22 May 2001).
4009:from the original on 18 July 2013
3506:
3480:revoked the Massachusetts charter
3363:sexual relations outside marriage
2443:The Bruised Reed and Smoking Flax
2425:The Plain Man's Pathway to Heaven
1333:History of the Puritans from 1649
1215:History of the Puritans from 1649
9540:History of the Thirteen Colonies
9525:History of Reformed Christianity
7737:
7603:Drinking with Calvin and Luther!
7521:Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher (1976).
6717:Bremer, Francis J., ed. (1981).
6540:
6520:
6504:
6453:
6434:
6419:
6394:
6308:
6199:
6110:
6077:Miller, Neil (13 October 2010).
6070:
6044:
5981:
5951:
5917:
5902:
5863:
5757:
5742:
5689:
5646:
5556:Durston, Chris (December 1985).
5549:
5424:
5398:
5383:
5204:Dictionary of National Biography
4323:Dictionary of National Biography
3834:Christianity in the 17th century
3829:Christianity in the 16th century
3501:Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick
3443:theologies. The Puritans of the
2909:
2887:sent more accused people to the
2769:Based on Biblical portrayals of
2647:The episcopalians (known as the
2592:was considered appropriate (see
2279:, human nature was corrupted by
2159:Reformed Christianity portal
2152:
1554:
1006:to a close. During the reign of
1000:Elizabethan Religious Settlement
340:Elizabethan Religious Settlement
7720:Neuman, Meredith Marie (2013).
7164:. University of Georgia Press.
6614:Barnett, James Harwood (1984).
6552:Economic Problems of the Church
6529:, p. 27) cites and quotes
5753:. UNC Press Books. p. 242.
5749:Williams Levy, Leonard (1995).
5232:
5226:
5211:
5189:
4972:
4617:
4592:
4565:
4536:
4475:
4460:
4421:
4394:
4374:
4354:
4203:
4070:
3982:
3113:, Merton argued for a positive
2864:in the case of Thomas Darling.
2779:describes Puritan marriage as:
2603:
2320:Christ's sacrifice on the cross
2310:while others were destined for
1735:Westminster Confession of Faith
1265:Westminster Confession of Faith
255:Westminster Confession of Faith
215:History under Queen Elizabeth I
9206:Separation of church and state
8875:Formal and material principles
8860:Separation of church and state
7713:. Princeton University Press.
7272:The William and Mary Quarterly
7133:Johnson, James Turner (1970).
7050:. Cambridge University Press.
7017:. W. W. Norton & Company.
6981:The William and Mary Quarterly
6537:(17â23 February 1989), p. 156.
6513:, p. 4) cites and quotes
6447:Johns Hopkins University Press
6426:Pat, Perrin (1 January 1970).
5870:Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2016).
5696:Merrill, Louis Taylor (1945).
5431:Marshall, Peter James (2005).
4895:, "Regeneration and Baptism",
3941:
3902:
3890:
2743:
2730:separation of church and state
2721:New England Congregationalists
2663:within the Church of England.
2220:, which they considered to be
1642:Logical order of God's decrees
1396:was passed in the wake of the
826:In the 17th century, the word
768:
669:, and in that sense they were
640:of what they considered to be
1:
8870:Hymnody of continental Europe
8021:Apostles in the New Testament
7504:English Puritanism, 1603â1689
7385:Olsen, Viggo Norskov (1973).
7358:Nuttall, Geoffrey F. (1992).
7141:. Nashville: Abingdon Press.
6633:Bebbington, David W. (1993).
6315:Post Abbott, Margery (2011).
5926:"London's 10 oldest theatres"
5222:. New York: Crown Publishers.
4092:Fitzpatrick, Vincent (2004).
3995:. Author House. p. 146.
3854:
3715:leader and eventually became
2972:âwould be defeated. Based on
2760:
2630:established national churches
2333:
1740:Westminster Shorter Catechism
1479:. A typical example of early
1444:Puritans left for New England
1327:Great Ejection and Dissenters
1061:Continental Reformed churches
737:denominations, especially in
7728:Winship, Michael P. (2018).
7408:Porterfield, Amanda (1992).
6533:, "Fundamental Objections",
6054:. MassLive.com. 9 May 2011.
5703:American Sociological Review
3913:. Author House. p. 438.
3810:A Model of Christian Charity
3035:
2828:Like most Christians in the
2686:, and ultimately a national
2441:(1627) and Richard Sibbes's
1745:Westminster Larger Catechism
1530:
1102:, under which government by
225:History under King Charles I
7:
8318:Eastern Orthodox opposition
7425:. New York: Hill and Wang.
7335:(PhD). University of Wales.
7331:Milton, Michael A. (1997).
7308:Miller, Randall M. (2008).
7188:Lamont, William M. (1969).
6964:. Oxford University Press.
6769:. Oxford University Press.
6763:Bremer, Francis J. (2009).
5653:Marling, Karal Ann (2000).
4630:University of Georgia Press
4624:Rudolph, Frederick (1961).
4599:Wroth, Lawrence C. (1965).
4543:Copeland, David A. (2000).
4434:Political Science Quarterly
4401:Bremer, Francis J. (1995).
3822:
3458:Four Quakers, known as the
3451:and the colonies along the
2474:Reformed baptismal theology
1270:Directory of Public Worship
725:restoration of the monarchy
10:
9571:
8335:Art patronage of Julius II
7706:. McGill-Queens UP (2013).
7349:Norton, Mary Beth (2011).
7340:Norton, Mary Beth (2008).
7179:Kelly, Douglas F. (1992).
7077:Hill, Christopher (1972).
6862:, Maranatha Publications,
6562:
6305:pp. 1â2. BiblioBazaar, LLC
4284:Benedetto & McKim 2010
4221:on 4 May 2016 – via
4077:Hagberg, Garry L. (2018).
3989:Trickler, C. Jack (2010).
3949:The A to Z of the Puritans
3648:
3333:In 1649, English colonist
3277:shut down English theatres
3039:
3020:
2913:
2848:Puritan pastors undertook
2821:
2818:Demonology and witch hunts
2800:Bradstreet alludes to the
2563:adoration of the Eucharist
2471:
2194:
1525:
1411:
1330:
1212:
1145:
1134:
991:
977:
973:
906:. They gave precedence to
819:
375:Immigration to New England
220:History under King James I
64:Springfield, Massachusetts
18:
9427:
9262:
9181:
9110:
9045:
8967:
8898:
8838:CalvinistâArminian debate
8812:
8579:
8462:
8298:
8189:
8071:
7969:
7858:
7840:
7442:The New England Quarterly
7137:A Society Ordained by God
6535:Times Literary Supplement
5846:Miller & Johnson 2014
5184:Bremer & Webster 2006
4547:. Westport, Connecticut:
3924:Bremer & Webster 2006
3808:is noted for his sermon "
3739:preacher who sparked the
3141:deeming Christmas illegal
2755:, title page engraved by
2572:Puritans did not believe
2314:. No one, however, could
2122:World Reformed Fellowship
1635:Baptist Covenant Theology
1408:Puritans in North America
846:of that time used it and
822:Definitions of Puritanism
360:Providence Island Company
230:Cromwellian era and after
165:Definitions of Puritanism
140:Ecclesiastical separatism
9327:Christian existentialism
7732:. Yale University Press.
7620:White, James F. (1999).
7469:Spraggon, Julie (2003).
7251:Selected Literary Essays
7211:Leighton, Denys (2004).
7044:Harrison, Peter (2001).
6721:. R.E. Krieger Pub. Co.
5909:Schoch, Richard (2016).
4081:. Springer. p. 125.
3909:Morris, John W. (2011).
3859:
3760:Massachusetts Bay Colony
3445:Massachusetts Bay Colony
3400:Instrument of Government
3105:on the link between the
3010:Pilgrims Going to Church
2942:Johannes Heinrich Alsted
2298:, that some people (the
1882:Friedrich Schleiermacher
1456:Massachusetts Bay Colony
1166:Hampton Court Conference
949:as "a kind of Puritan".
365:Massachusetts Bay Colony
290:Trial of Archbishop Laud
235:History in North America
21:Puritan (disambiguation)
7834:History of Christianity
7709:Hall, David D. (2019).
7417:Saxton, Martha (2003).
7100:Hotson, Howard (2000).
6815:Cliffe, Trevor (2002).
6300:15 January 2016 at the
6292:Rogers, Horatio, 2009.
5698:"The Puritan Policeman"
5594:Gentles, I. J. (2014).
5198:"Scott, Reginald"
4367:16 January 2010 at the
4098:Mercer University Press
3610:was a crypto-Catholic:
3537:itself, from England's
3253:Puritans condemned the
2875:as well. In the 1640s,
2555:real spiritual presence
2461:evangelical Protestants
1620:Theology of John Calvin
1040:, traditional clerical
980:History of the Puritans
718:First English Civil War
574:Congregational churches
532:The Godly Man's Picture
400:American exceptionalism
135:English Presbyterianism
9395:Fourth Great Awakening
9282:Second Great Awakening
8521:Fall of Constantinople
8313:Development of primacy
7778:Christian's Daily Walk
7658:Eicholz, Hans (2008).
7303:. Courier Corporation.
7156:Keeble, N. H. (1987).
6956:Fischer, David Hackett
6885:. Palgrave Macmillan.
5771:, vol. 2, 1851, p. 412
5390:Axtell, James (1976).
4924:Beeke & Jones 2012
4893:Beeke & Jones 2012
4467:Axtell, James (1976).
4387:6 January 2009 at the
3682:The Pilgrim's Progress
3661:New Haven, Connecticut
3646:
3624:
3525:
3523:Augustus Saint-Gaudens
3428:
3389:, and all laws making
3330:
3142:
3137:1659 public notice in
3129:Behavioral regulations
3057:
3018:
2990:conversion of the Jews
2952:interpretation of the
2798:
2785:
2766:
2621:
2511:baptismal regeneration
2468:Worship and sacraments
2439:Christian's Daily Walk
2367:assurance of salvation
2324:unconditional election
1797:Johannes Oecolampadius
1483:
1477:Granary Burying Ground
1439:
1432:Hingham, Massachusetts
1348:Act of Uniformity 1662
1237:The Fifth Monarchy Men
1232:
1125:Marprelate controversy
1071:in baptism, or to use
1026:, such as cathedrals,
988:Elizabethan Puritanism
887:includes both groups.
817:
714:Scottish Presbyterians
553:Foxe's Book of Martyrs
539:The Pilgrim's Progress
380:Culture in New England
330:Act of Uniformity 1662
175:Puritan Sabbatarianism
60:Augustus Saint-Gaudens
9500:Christian terminology
9390:Reformed epistemology
9332:Third Great Awakening
9302:Seventh-day Adventist
9223:First Great Awakening
9096:Book of Common Prayer
8890:Protestant work ethic
8433:Independent Catholics
8384:Monastery dissolution
7672:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
6698:Brady, David (1983).
6581:Yale University Press
6487:Coffey & Lim 2008
6278:Coffey & Lim 2008
6266:Coffey & Lim 2008
6254:Coffey & Lim 2008
6239:Coffey & Lim 2008
5809:University of Warwick
5242:Russell & Russell
4930:location 28097â28107.
4899:location 18043â18056.
4869:Coffey & Lim 2008
4210:Neil, Daniel (1844).
4135:Coffey & Lim 2008
3741:First Great Awakening
3634:
3612:
3553:Protestant work ethic
3539:Scientific Revolution
3514:
3496:Jesuit Roman Catholic
3418:
3377:of 1650 repealed the
3324:
3310:each other's health.
3170:in secret. Following
3136:
3107:Protestant work ethic
3073:(founded in 1636) or
3049:
3040:Further information:
3021:Further information:
3015:George Henry Boughton
3007:
3000:Cultural consequences
2916:Christian eschatology
2914:Further information:
2822:Further information:
2794:
2781:
2751:
2653:Book of Common Prayer
2642:congregational polity
2611:
2484:Book of Common Prayer
2472:Further information:
2464:the truly converted.
2296:double predestination
1807:Peter Martyr Vermigli
1730:Westminster Standards
1548:Reformed Christianity
1474:
1448:Eleven Years' Tyranny
1421:
1412:Further information:
1371:Book of Common Prayer
1331:Further information:
1318:Interregnum (1649â60)
1312:was a Puritan and an
1277:) was adopted by the
1275:Westminster Standards
1222:
1213:Further information:
1191:Book of Common Prayer
1185:Book of Common Prayer
1146:Further information:
1135:Further information:
1092:vestments controversy
1088:black academic attire
1037:Book of Common Prayer
992:Further information:
776:
665:. Puritans adopted a
417:Troubles at Frankfurt
385:Christmas prohibition
300:Vestments controversy
58:, an 1887 statue by
9213:Edicts of toleration
9022:Three Forms of Unity
8787:Bohemian Reformation
8360:Catholic Reformation
8217:Roman state religion
8036:Council of Jerusalem
7680:. pp. 407â408.
7502:Spurr, John (1998).
7217:. Imprint Academic.
6932:Demos, John (1970).
6748:. pp. 533â534.
5811:. 17 December 2003.
5767:John Lord Campbell,
4601:The Colonial Printer
4572:Burns, Eric (2006).
4488:Simon & Schuster
4061:A Book of Burlesques
3423:led to execution on
3369:Religious toleration
3091:experimental science
2900:Massachusetts colony
2824:Christian demonology
2696:Westminster Assembly
2577:Puritans considered
2206:Continental Reformed
2077:New England theology
2062:Mercersburg theology
1987:Continental Reformed
1713:Heidelberg Catechism
1703:Three Forms of Unity
1698:Helvetic Confessions
1657:Regulative principle
1261:Westminster Assembly
1225:Westminster Assembly
917:In current English,
703:Westminster Assembly
567:Continuing movements
285:Scrooby Congregation
9520:History of Baptists
9515:English Reformation
9385:Liberation theology
9292:Jehovah's Witnesses
9125:Radical Reformation
8853:Resistance theories
8740:Christian mysticism
8735:Early Scholasticism
8447:Ecclesial community
8345:Counter-Reformation
8210:Constantinian shift
7715:H-Net online review
7650:Bremer, Francis J.
7344:. Cengage Learning.
6618:. Ayer Publishing.
6571:Ahlstrom, Sydney E.
6155:, pp. 726â727.
6026:National Geographic
5932:The Daily Telegraph
5293:, pp. 225â226.
5162:, pp. 107â117.
5036:, pp. 132â133.
4679:, pp. 130â131.
4533:, pp. 132â134.
4286:, pp. 521â522.
3616:Counter-Reformation
3067:Boston Latin School
2830:early modern period
2638:presbyterian polity
2598:Worcester Cathedral
2361:) was described as
2357:to spiritual life (
1787:List of theologians
1766:Systematic theology
1398:Glorious Revolution
1339:English Restoration
1337:At the time of the
1286:Westminster Divines
1229:John Rogers Herbert
1142:Jacobean Puritanism
1131:Caroline Puritanism
1100:presbyterian polity
1004:English Reformation
937:William Shakespeare
763:confession of faith
730:1662 Uniformity Act
654:English Reformation
428:Notable individuals
325:English Restoration
95:English Reformation
9459:Oriental Orthodoxy
9102:King James Version
8914:Ninety-five Theses
8710:Apostolic Brethren
8484:Church of the East
8479:Oriental Orthodoxy
8325:Crusading movement
7845:Early Christianity
7601:West, Jim (2003).
7530:American Quarterly
6877:Collinson, Patrick
5234:Notestein, Wallace
3774:, and dramas like
3750:Connecticut Colony
3647:
3526:
3515:Second version of
3429:
3331:
3316:Health's Sicknesse
3162:" or the "rags of
3143:
3111:capitalist economy
3081:Puritan scientists
3058:
3019:
2954:Book of Revelation
2946:John Amos Comenius
2896:Salem witch trials
2854:demonic possession
2767:
2734:believer's baptism
2706:Congregationalists
2668:Church of Scotland
2622:
2618:Catalogue of Sects
2594:Exclusive psalmody
2539:transubstantiation
2328:irresistible grace
2237:Heinrich Bullinger
2092:Princeton theology
1932:H. Richard Niebuhr
1842:Franciscus Gomarus
1812:Heinrich Bullinger
1752:Barmen Declaration
1520:Harvard University
1484:
1440:
1279:Church of Scotland
1233:
1170:Laurence Chaderton
1158:Millenary Petition
1057:Marian Restoration
818:
687:established church
370:Salem witch trials
315:Grand Remonstrance
310:Millenary Petition
265:Cambridge Platform
190:Puritan work ethic
120:English Dissenters
9510:Congregationalism
9477:
9476:
9454:Eastern Orthodoxy
9322:Finnish Awakening
9277:Holiness movement
9218:Congregationalism
9177:
9176:
9037:Metrical psalters
8474:Eastern Orthodoxy
8418:Neo-Scholasticism
8125:Canon development
8026:Jewish Christians
7702:Giussani, Luigi.
7605:. Oakdown Books.
7513:978-0-333-60189-1
7377:978-0-226-60941-6
6947:978-0-19-501355-9
6925:978-0-521-67800-1
6892:978-1-349-19586-2
6847:978-0-521-67800-1
6791:Fides et Historia
6686:978-0-8108-5807-7
6661:978-1-60178-166-6
6548:Hill, Christopher
6531:Patrick Collinson
6336:978-0-8108-7088-8
6096:978-0-8070-5113-9
5807:(Press release).
5666:978-0-674-00318-7
5568:on 10 March 2007.
5356:, pp. 91â92.
5269:, pp. 30â32.
5257:, pp. 31â32.
4883:, pp. 31â32.
4820:, pp. 29â30.
4691:, pp. 37â38.
4585:978-1-58648-334-0
4516:, pp. 81â82.
4188:, pp. 39â40.
4176:, pp. 43â44.
4002:978-1-4490-4578-4
3659:was a founder of
3600:Thirty Years' War
3580:Patrick Collinson
3453:Connecticut river
3386:Act of Uniformity
3337:, the founder of
2982:Thirty Years' War
2930:Johannes Piscator
2926:biblical prophecy
2862:Arthur Hildersham
2860:was supported by
2736:, becoming early
2567:church discipline
2543:sacramental union
2531:sign of the cross
2377:and listening to
2267:he promised them
2261:Johannes Cocceius
2229:covenant theology
2222:divinely inspired
2193:
2192:
1962:Donald G. Bloesch
1942:Cornelius Van Til
1857:Samuel Rutherford
1827:Zacharias Ursinus
1708:Belgic Confession
1625:Covenant theology
1302:congregationalism
1203:Congregationalism
1152:The accession of
1120:Thomas Cartwright
1069:sign of the cross
1034:contained in the
908:direct revelation
881:Church of England
759:Savoy Declaration
739:Congregationalist
710:royal prerogative
691:gathered churches
667:covenant theology
638:Church of England
626:
625:
587:Reformed churches
581:
395:Half-Way Covenant
320:English Civil War
305:Martin Marprelate
260:Savoy Declaration
9562:
8896:
8895:
8283:Non-Chalcedonian
8264:Constantinople I
8056:General epistles
8051:Pauline epistles
8031:Paul the Apostle
8009:Great Commission
7827:
7820:
7813:
7804:
7803:
7799:
7785:
7783:
7768:
7754:
7733:
7699:
7639:
7616:
7597:
7576:
7574:
7572:
7566:
7527:
7517:
7498:
7496:
7494:
7465:
7436:
7424:
7413:
7404:
7392:
7381:
7365:
7354:
7345:
7336:
7327:
7304:
7295:
7266:
7254:
7240:
7238:
7236:
7207:
7195:
7184:
7175:
7163:
7152:
7140:
7129:
7127:
7125:
7096:
7084:
7073:
7071:
7069:
7040:
7038:
7036:
7004:
6975:
6951:
6939:
6928:
6908:
6906:
6904:
6872:
6851:
6830:
6811:
6809:
6807:
6780:
6759:
6738:"Savoy Assembly"
6732:
6713:
6702:. Mohr Siebeck.
6694:
6665:
6642:
6629:
6610:
6604:
6602:
6579:(2nd ed.).
6556:
6555:
6544:
6538:
6524:
6518:
6508:
6502:
6496:
6490:
6484:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6466:Internet Archive
6457:
6451:
6450:
6438:
6432:
6431:
6423:
6417:
6416:
6398:
6392:
6391:
6360:
6349:
6348:
6312:
6306:
6290:
6281:
6275:
6269:
6263:
6257:
6251:
6242:
6236:
6230:
6229:
6220:Mather 1663â1728
6217:
6211:
6210:
6203:
6197:
6196:
6184:
6178:
6177:
6165:
6156:
6150:
6144:
6138:
6132:
6114:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6084:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6032:on 12 March 2022
6028:. Archived from
6018:
6009:
6008:, pp. 68ff.
6003:
5997:
5996:
5985:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5955:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5928:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5906:
5900:
5894:
5888:
5882:
5876:
5875:
5867:
5861:
5855:
5849:
5843:
5837:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5801:
5792:
5791:
5785:
5783:
5761:
5755:
5754:
5746:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5650:
5644:
5638:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5609:
5600:
5599:
5591:
5582:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5553:
5547:
5541:
5535:
5529:
5516:
5510:
5495:
5492:
5486:
5480:
5474:
5471:
5465:
5464:
5458:
5456:
5428:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5387:
5381:
5375:
5369:
5363:
5357:
5351:
5345:
5339:
5333:
5327:
5321:
5315:
5309:
5303:
5294:
5288:
5282:
5276:
5270:
5264:
5258:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5200:
5193:
5187:
5181:
5175:
5169:
5163:
5157:
5151:
5145:
5139:
5133:
5124:
5118:
5112:
5106:
5100:
5094:
5088:
5085:Porterfield 1992
5082:
5076:
5070:
5064:
5061:Porterfield 1992
5058:
5052:
5046:
5037:
5031:
5025:
5019:
5013:
5007:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4976:
4970:
4964:
4958:
4952:
4943:
4937:
4931:
4921:
4915:
4909:
4900:
4890:
4884:
4878:
4872:
4866:
4860:
4854:
4848:
4842:
4833:
4827:
4821:
4815:
4809:
4803:
4797:
4791:
4782:
4776:
4767:
4761:
4752:
4746:
4733:
4727:
4721:
4715:
4704:
4698:
4692:
4686:
4680:
4674:
4668:
4662:
4656:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4551:. p. viii.
4540:
4534:
4528:
4517:
4511:
4502:
4501:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4425:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4398:
4392:
4378:
4372:
4358:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4319:
4308:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4281:
4275:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4053:
4047:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4016:
4014:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3953:
3952:
3945:
3939:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3906:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3870:
3777:Samson Agonistes
3733:Jonathan Edwards
3689:William Bradford
3651:List of Puritans
3627:Notable Puritans
3604:Christopher Hill
3406:the Protectorate
3380:Act of Supremacy
3351:banned in Boston
3095:Robert K. Merton
2934:Thomas Brightman
2765:
2762:
2688:general assembly
2634:episcopal polity
2541:) and Lutheran (
2429:Richard Rogers's
2285:Ten Commandments
2185:
2178:
2171:
2157:
2156:
2014:Reformed Baptist
1937:Reinhold Niebuhr
1877:Jonathan Edwards
1867:Francis Turretin
1792:Huldrych Zwingli
1771:Metrical psalter
1725:Scots Confession
1561:Reformation Wall
1558:
1535:
1534:
1500:Halfway Covenant
1434:. Puritans were
1422:Interior of the
1343:Savoy Conference
1199:William Bradshaw
1046:episcopal polity
799:Stephen Charnock
727:in 1660 and the
647:the Protectorate
618:
611:
604:
577:
471:Jonathan Edwards
446:William Bradford
51:
28:
27:
9570:
9569:
9565:
9564:
9563:
9561:
9560:
9559:
9480:
9479:
9478:
9473:
9423:
9410:Christian right
9312:Oxford Movement
9287:Restorationists
9258:
9173:
9106:
9041:
8992:Presbyterianism
8963:
8943:Book of Concord
8894:
8818:
8816:
8808:
8575:
8465:
8458:
8294:
8193:
8185:
8144:Clement of Rome
8074:
8067:
7971:
7965:
7854:
7836:
7831:
7790:Sibbes, Richard
7781:
7764:Seven Treatises
7759:Rogers, Richard
7740:
7688:
7647:
7645:Further reading
7642:
7636:
7613:
7570:
7568:
7564:
7542:10.2307/2712475
7525:
7514:
7492:
7490:
7483:
7433:
7401:
7378:
7324:
7284:10.2307/1921563
7263:
7234:
7232:
7225:
7204:
7172:
7149:
7123:
7121:
7114:
7093:
7067:
7065:
7058:
7034:
7032:
7025:
6993:10.2307/2674233
6972:
6948:
6926:
6902:
6900:
6893:
6870:
6856:Coffin, Charles
6848:
6827:
6805:
6803:
6777:
6756:
6729:
6710:
6687:
6677:Scarecrow Press
6662:
6626:
6600:
6598:
6591:
6565:
6560:
6559:
6545:
6541:
6525:
6521:
6515:Collinson (1988
6509:
6505:
6497:
6493:
6489:, pp. 7â8.
6485:
6481:
6471:
6469:
6458:
6454:
6439:
6435:
6424:
6420:
6399:
6395:
6380:
6362:
6361:
6352:
6337:
6323:Scarecrow Press
6313:
6309:
6302:Wayback Machine
6291:
6284:
6276:
6272:
6264:
6260:
6252:
6245:
6237:
6233:
6223:
6218:
6214:
6205:
6204:
6200:
6190:
6185:
6181:
6171:
6166:
6159:
6151:
6147:
6139:
6135:
6131:about equally."
6115:
6111:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6075:
6071:
6061:
6059:
6050:
6049:
6045:
6035:
6033:
6020:
6019:
6012:
6004:
6000:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5972:
5970:
5963:The Stage.co.uk
5957:
5956:
5952:
5942:
5940:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5907:
5903:
5895:
5891:
5883:
5879:
5868:
5864:
5856:
5852:
5844:
5840:
5832:
5828:
5818:
5816:
5803:
5802:
5795:
5781:
5779:
5762:
5758:
5747:
5743:
5733:
5731:
5716:10.2307/2085847
5694:
5690:
5676:
5674:
5667:
5651:
5647:
5639:
5632:
5622:
5620:
5611:
5610:
5603:
5592:
5585:
5577:
5573:
5554:
5550:
5542:
5538:
5530:
5519:
5511:
5498:
5493:
5489:
5481:
5477:
5472:
5468:
5454:
5452:
5445:
5429:
5425:
5415:
5413:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5388:
5384:
5376:
5372:
5364:
5360:
5352:
5348:
5340:
5336:
5328:
5324:
5316:
5312:
5304:
5297:
5289:
5285:
5277:
5273:
5265:
5261:
5253:
5249:
5231:
5227:
5216:
5212:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5182:
5178:
5170:
5166:
5158:
5154:
5146:
5142:
5134:
5127:
5119:
5115:
5107:
5103:
5095:
5091:
5083:
5079:
5071:
5067:
5059:
5055:
5047:
5040:
5032:
5028:
5020:
5016:
5008:
4999:
4989:
4987:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4965:
4961:
4953:
4946:
4938:
4934:
4922:
4918:
4910:
4903:
4891:
4887:
4879:
4875:
4867:
4863:
4855:
4851:
4843:
4836:
4828:
4824:
4816:
4812:
4806:Bebbington 1993
4804:
4800:
4792:
4785:
4777:
4770:
4762:
4755:
4747:
4736:
4728:
4724:
4716:
4707:
4699:
4695:
4687:
4683:
4675:
4671:
4663:
4659:
4651:
4647:
4640:
4622:
4618:
4611:
4597:
4593:
4586:
4570:
4566:
4559:
4549:Greenwood Press
4541:
4537:
4529:
4520:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4490:. p. 223.
4480:
4476:
4465:
4461:
4446:10.2307/2139228
4426:
4422:
4414:
4410:
4399:
4395:
4389:Wayback Machine
4379:
4375:
4369:Wayback Machine
4359:
4355:
4347:
4343:
4335:
4331:
4309:
4302:
4294:
4290:
4282:
4278:
4270:
4266:
4258:
4254:
4246:
4242:
4234:
4230:
4208:
4204:
4196:
4192:
4184:
4180:
4172:
4168:
4160:
4153:
4145:
4141:
4137:, pp. 3â4.
4133:
4129:
4121:
4117:
4109:
4105:
4090:
4086:
4075:
4071:
4054:
4050:
4042:
4038:
4030:
4026:
4012:
4010:
4003:
3987:
3983:
3975:
3971:
3963:
3956:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3934:
3930:
3922:
3918:
3907:
3903:
3895:
3891:
3883:
3879:
3871:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3825:
3816:Robert Woodford
3756:Anne Hutchinson
3707:was an English
3705:Oliver Cromwell
3699:Anne Bradstreet
3693:Plymouth Colony
3679:was famous for
3653:
3636:Oliver Cromwell
3629:
3569:Anne Bradstreet
3509:
3476:King Charles II
3449:Plymouth Colony
3371:
3358:1 Corinthians 7
3335:William Pynchon
3197:hangman's noose
3172:the restoration
3131:
3097:. Similarly to
3083:
3044:
3038:
3030:Anne Hutchinson
3025:
3002:
2918:
2912:
2877:Matthew Hopkins
2866:Samuel Harsnett
2826:
2820:
2790:Anne Bradstreet
2763:
2757:Richard Gaywood
2746:
2714:church covenant
2700:Long Parliament
2606:
2482:service in the
2476:
2470:
2436:Henry Scudder's
2432:Seven Treatises
2355:spiritual death
2336:
2245:William Perkins
2199:
2189:
2151:
2137:
2136:
2112:
2102:
2101:
2057:Marrow Brethren
2032:
2024:
2023:
1982:
1972:
1971:
1952:JĂźrgen Moltmann
1837:William Perkins
1784:
1776:
1775:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1615:
1607:
1606:
1587:
1579:
1533:
1528:
1496:Increase Mather
1424:Old Ship Church
1416:
1410:
1335:
1329:
1310:Oliver Cromwell
1298:presbyterianism
1217:
1211:
1150:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1075:or the organ.
1065:metrical psalms
996:
990:
982:
976:
824:
771:
712:, and with the
622:
593:
592:
591:
568:
560:
559:
558:
525:
517:
516:
515:
511:Robert Woodford
486:Increase Mather
476:Anne Hutchinson
461:Oliver Cromwell
451:Anne Bradstreet
430:
420:
419:
414:
406:
405:
404:
354:
346:
345:
344:
279:
271:
270:
269:
249:
241:
240:
239:
209:
201:
200:
199:
159:
151:
150:
149:
74:
66:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9568:
9558:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9475:
9474:
9472:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9445:
9444:
9439:
9428:
9425:
9424:
9422:
9421:
9416:
9407:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9375:Pentecostalism
9372:
9370:Jesus movement
9367:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9268:
9266:
9260:
9259:
9257:
9256:
9247:
9246:
9245:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9209:
9208:
9198:
9193:
9187:
9185:
9179:
9178:
9175:
9174:
9172:
9171:
9164:
9161:Martyrs Mirror
9157:
9152:
9147:
9145:Martyrs' Synod
9142:
9137:
9135:Swiss Brethren
9132:
9127:
9122:
9116:
9114:
9108:
9107:
9105:
9104:
9099:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9051:
9049:
9043:
9042:
9040:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8979:
8973:
8971:
8965:
8964:
8962:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8939:
8934:
8933:
8932:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8904:
8902:
8893:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8880:Law and Gospel
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8856:
8855:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8824:
8822:
8810:
8809:
8807:
8806:
8805:
8804:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8768:
8767:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8671:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8635:
8634:
8633:
8632:
8631:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8585:
8583:
8577:
8576:
8574:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8561:Ottoman Empire
8558:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8506:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8470:
8468:
8460:
8459:
8457:
8456:
8451:
8450:
8449:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8375:
8374:
8373:
8372:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8321:
8320:
8315:
8304:
8302:
8296:
8295:
8293:
8292:
8290:Biblical canon
8287:
8286:
8285:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8245:
8244:
8239:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8213:
8212:
8201:
8199:
8191:Late antiquity
8187:
8186:
8184:
8183:
8178:
8177:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8139:Church Fathers
8132:
8127:
8122:
8121:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8079:
8077:
8069:
8068:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8012:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7981:
7975:
7973:
7967:
7966:
7964:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7862:
7860:
7856:
7855:
7853:
7852:
7847:
7841:
7838:
7837:
7830:
7829:
7822:
7815:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7786:
7773:Scudder, Henry
7769:
7755:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7725:
7718:
7707:
7700:
7687:978-1412965804
7686:
7678:Cato Institute
7664:Hamowy, Ronald
7655:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7640:
7634:
7626:Abingdon Press
7617:
7611:
7598:
7588:(1): 205â219.
7577:
7518:
7512:
7499:
7482:978-0851158952
7481:
7466:
7454:10.2307/360356
7437:
7432:978-0374110116
7431:
7414:
7405:
7400:978-0520020757
7399:
7382:
7376:
7355:
7346:
7337:
7328:
7323:978-0313065361
7322:
7305:
7296:
7267:
7261:
7241:
7224:978-0907845546
7223:
7208:
7203:978-0333100745
7202:
7185:
7176:
7171:978-0820309514
7170:
7153:
7148:978-0687389339
7147:
7130:
7113:978-9401594943
7112:
7097:
7092:978-0670789757
7091:
7074:
7057:978-0521000963
7056:
7041:
7024:978-0393319033
7023:
7005:
6987:(4): 723â744.
6976:
6970:
6952:
6946:
6929:
6924:
6909:
6891:
6873:
6868:
6852:
6846:
6831:
6826:978-1134918157
6825:
6812:
6781:
6776:978-0199740871
6775:
6760:
6755:978-1576076781
6754:
6733:
6728:978-0898740639
6727:
6714:
6709:978-3161444975
6708:
6695:
6685:
6666:
6660:
6643:
6630:
6624:
6611:
6589:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6554:. p. 337.
6539:
6519:
6517:, p. 143)
6503:
6491:
6479:
6452:
6433:
6418:
6393:
6379:978-1576076781
6378:
6350:
6335:
6307:
6282:
6270:
6258:
6243:
6231:
6212:
6198:
6189:, p. 281.
6179:
6157:
6145:
6143:, p. 724.
6133:
6109:
6095:
6069:
6043:
6010:
5998:
5995:. 2 June 2024.
5980:
5950:
5916:
5901:
5889:
5887:, p. 153.
5877:
5862:
5850:
5848:, p. 394.
5838:
5826:
5793:
5756:
5741:
5688:
5665:
5645:
5630:
5601:
5583:
5581:, p. 498.
5571:
5548:
5546:, p. 499.
5536:
5517:
5496:
5487:
5475:
5473:Sztompka, 2003
5466:
5444:978-0199278954
5443:
5423:
5397:
5382:
5370:
5358:
5346:
5344:, p. 229.
5334:
5332:, p. 227.
5322:
5320:, p. 226.
5310:
5295:
5283:
5281:, p. 173.
5271:
5259:
5247:
5244:. p. 195.
5225:
5210:
5188:
5186:, p. 584.
5176:
5164:
5152:
5140:
5125:
5113:
5101:
5089:
5077:
5065:
5053:
5051:, p. 133.
5038:
5026:
5014:
4997:
4971:
4959:
4944:
4932:
4916:
4901:
4885:
4873:
4861:
4849:
4834:
4822:
4810:
4798:
4783:
4781:, p. 128.
4768:
4753:
4751:, p. 132.
4734:
4732:, p. 131.
4722:
4705:
4693:
4681:
4669:
4657:
4655:, p. 125.
4645:
4638:
4616:
4609:
4591:
4584:
4564:
4557:
4535:
4518:
4503:
4496:
4474:
4459:
4420:
4416:Carpenter 2003
4408:
4393:
4373:
4353:
4341:
4339:, p. 196.
4329:
4314:, ed. (1897).
4300:
4288:
4276:
4264:
4252:
4240:
4228:
4202:
4190:
4178:
4166:
4151:
4139:
4127:
4115:
4103:
4084:
4069:
4057:Mencken, H. L.
4048:
4036:
4024:
4001:
3981:
3969:
3954:
3940:
3928:
3916:
3901:
3889:
3887:, p. 195.
3877:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3844:Restorationism
3841:
3836:
3831:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3813:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3781:
3763:
3753:
3743:
3730:
3724:
3717:Lord Protector
3702:
3696:
3686:
3674:
3664:
3649:Main article:
3640:Lord Protector
3628:
3625:
3508:
3507:Historiography
3505:
3485:Toleration Act
3460:Boston martyrs
3375:Toleration Act
3370:
3367:
3312:William Prynne
3297:Punch and Judy
3267:William Prynne
3212:Book of Sports
3130:
3127:
3082:
3079:
3063:grammar school
3037:
3034:
3001:
2998:
2970:Ottoman Empire
2958:Book of Daniel
2911:
2908:
2819:
2816:
2777:Thomas Gataker
2745:
2742:
2690:). During the
2659:and Christian
2605:
2602:
2559:Thomas Cranmer
2527:baptismal vows
2519:visible church
2507:infant baptism
2496:Sabbatarianism
2480:Morning Prayer
2469:
2466:
2414:sanctification
2346:of each elect
2344:effectual call
2335:
2332:
2253:Richard Sibbes
2195:Main article:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2047:Federal Vision
2044:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2009:Congregational
2006:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:Michael Horton
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1947:T. F. Torrance
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1922:Geerhardus Vos
1919:
1914:
1912:B. B. Warfield
1909:
1907:Herman Bavinck
1904:
1902:Abraham Kuyper
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1872:Richard Baxter
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1847:William Twisse
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1718:Canons of Dort
1715:
1710:
1700:
1690:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1662:Predestination
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1559:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1492:Richard Mather
1475:Death's head,
1452:King Charles I
1409:
1406:
1393:Toleration Act
1384:Clarendon Code
1380:Richard Baxter
1361:Great Ejection
1328:
1325:
1241:Vavasor Powell
1210:
1207:
1181:James Montague
1143:
1140:
1132:
1129:
989:
986:
978:Main article:
975:
972:
873:Nonconformists
844:Matthew Parker
840:Church History
820:Main article:
815:Richard Baxter
795:Richard Sibbes
783:William Bridge
770:
767:
720:(1642â1646).
683:congregational
642:Roman Catholic
624:
623:
621:
620:
613:
606:
598:
595:
594:
590:
589:
583:
570:
569:
566:
565:
562:
561:
557:
556:
549:
542:
535:
527:
526:
523:
522:
519:
518:
514:
513:
508:
503:
501:Roger Williams
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
432:
431:
426:
425:
422:
421:
415:
412:
411:
408:
407:
403:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
343:
342:
337:
335:Great Ejection
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
281:
280:
277:
276:
273:
272:
268:
267:
262:
257:
251:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
238:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
211:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
198:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
161:
160:
158:Crucial themes
157:
156:
153:
152:
148:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
76:
75:
72:
71:
68:
67:
52:
44:
43:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9567:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9505:Protestantism
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9487:
9485:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9464:Protestantism
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9434:
9433:
9430:
9429:
9426:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9411:
9408:
9405:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9365:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9337:Azusa Revival
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9317:Laestadianism
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9269:
9267:
9265:
9261:
9255:
9254:Old Lutherans
9251:
9248:
9244:
9241:
9240:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9207:
9204:
9203:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9188:
9186:
9184:
9180:
9170:
9169:
9165:
9163:
9162:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9117:
9115:
9113:
9109:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9097:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9052:
9050:
9048:
9044:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8970:
8966:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8944:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8920:Diet of Worms
8918:
8916:
8915:
8911:
8910:
8909:
8906:
8905:
8903:
8901:
8897:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8854:
8851:
8850:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8825:
8823:
8821:
8820:Protestantism
8815:
8811:
8803:
8800:
8799:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8766:
8763:
8762:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8640:
8639:
8636:
8630:
8627:
8626:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8606:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8582:
8578:
8572:
8571:North America
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8471:
8469:
8467:
8461:
8455:
8452:
8448:
8445:
8444:
8443:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8371:
8368:
8367:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8347:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8310:
8309:
8306:
8305:
8303:
8301:
8297:
8291:
8288:
8284:
8280:
8277:
8276:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8234:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8211:
8208:
8207:
8206:
8203:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8192:
8188:
8182:
8181:Early African
8179:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8164:Justin Martyr
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8141:
8140:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8085:
8084:
8081:
8080:
8078:
8076:
8070:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8038:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7986:
7985:
7984:Life of Jesus
7982:
7980:
7977:
7976:
7974:
7972:Apostolic Age
7968:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7863:
7861:
7857:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7839:
7835:
7828:
7823:
7821:
7816:
7814:
7809:
7808:
7805:
7797:
7796:
7791:
7787:
7780:
7779:
7774:
7770:
7766:
7765:
7760:
7756:
7752:
7751:
7746:
7742:
7741:
7738:Puritan works
7731:
7726:
7723:
7719:
7716:
7712:
7708:
7705:
7701:
7697:
7693:
7689:
7683:
7679:
7675:
7671:
7670:
7665:
7661:
7656:
7653:
7649:
7648:
7637:
7635:0-687-03402-7
7631:
7627:
7623:
7618:
7614:
7612:0-9700326-0-9
7608:
7604:
7599:
7595:
7591:
7587:
7583:
7578:
7563:
7559:
7555:
7551:
7547:
7543:
7539:
7535:
7531:
7524:
7519:
7515:
7509:
7505:
7500:
7488:
7484:
7478:
7474:
7473:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7455:
7451:
7447:
7443:
7438:
7434:
7428:
7423:
7422:
7415:
7411:
7406:
7402:
7396:
7391:
7390:
7383:
7379:
7373:
7369:
7364:
7363:
7356:
7352:
7347:
7343:
7338:
7334:
7329:
7325:
7319:
7315:
7311:
7306:
7302:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7285:
7281:
7277:
7273:
7268:
7264:
7262:0-521-07441-X
7258:
7253:
7252:
7246:
7242:
7230:
7226:
7220:
7216:
7215:
7209:
7205:
7199:
7196:. Macmillan.
7194:
7193:
7186:
7182:
7177:
7173:
7167:
7162:
7161:
7154:
7150:
7144:
7139:
7138:
7131:
7119:
7115:
7109:
7105:
7104:
7098:
7094:
7088:
7083:
7082:
7075:
7063:
7059:
7053:
7049:
7048:
7042:
7030:
7026:
7020:
7016:
7015:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6994:
6990:
6986:
6982:
6977:
6973:
6971:0-19-506905-6
6967:
6963:
6962:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6943:
6938:
6937:
6930:
6927:
6921:
6917:
6916:
6910:
6898:
6894:
6888:
6884:
6883:
6878:
6874:
6871:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6843:
6839:
6838:
6832:
6828:
6822:
6819:. Routledge.
6818:
6813:
6801:
6797:
6793:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6778:
6772:
6768:
6767:
6761:
6757:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6734:
6730:
6724:
6720:
6715:
6711:
6705:
6701:
6696:
6692:
6688:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6673:
6667:
6663:
6657:
6653:
6652:Amazon Kindle
6649:
6644:
6640:
6636:
6631:
6627:
6625:0-405-07671-1
6621:
6617:
6612:
6608:
6596:
6592:
6590:0-385-11164-9
6586:
6582:
6578:
6577:
6572:
6568:
6567:
6553:
6549:
6543:
6536:
6532:
6528:
6523:
6516:
6512:
6507:
6500:
6495:
6488:
6483:
6467:
6463:
6456:
6449:. p. 47.
6448:
6444:
6437:
6429:
6422:
6414:
6410:
6409:
6404:
6397:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6366:
6359:
6357:
6355:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6319:
6311:
6304:
6303:
6299:
6296:
6289:
6287:
6279:
6274:
6268:, p. 83.
6267:
6262:
6256:, p. 81.
6255:
6250:
6248:
6241:, p. 80.
6240:
6235:
6227:
6222:, p. 70.
6221:
6216:
6208:
6202:
6194:
6188:
6187:Crompton 1976
6183:
6175:
6170:, p. 20.
6169:
6168:Crandell 1997
6164:
6162:
6154:
6149:
6142:
6137:
6130:
6126:
6122:
6121:Chestertonian
6118:
6113:
6098:
6092:
6088:
6083:
6082:
6073:
6057:
6053:
6047:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6017:
6015:
6007:
6002:
5994:
5993:The Telegraph
5990:
5984:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5938:
5934:
5933:
5927:
5920:
5912:
5905:
5899:, p. 58.
5898:
5893:
5886:
5881:
5873:
5866:
5860:, p. 60.
5859:
5854:
5847:
5842:
5836:, p. 80.
5835:
5830:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5800:
5798:
5789:
5777:
5773:
5772:
5768:
5760:
5752:
5745:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5692:
5684:
5672:
5668:
5662:
5658:
5657:
5649:
5642:
5637:
5635:
5618:
5614:
5608:
5606:
5597:
5590:
5588:
5580:
5575:
5567:
5563:
5562:History Today
5559:
5552:
5545:
5540:
5534:, p. 79.
5533:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5515:, p. 49.
5514:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5491:
5484:
5483:Harrison 2001
5479:
5470:
5462:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5427:
5411:
5407:
5406:"BLS History"
5401:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5374:
5367:
5362:
5355:
5350:
5343:
5338:
5331:
5326:
5319:
5314:
5308:, p. 76.
5307:
5302:
5300:
5292:
5287:
5280:
5275:
5268:
5263:
5256:
5251:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5229:
5221:
5214:
5206:
5205:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5180:
5174:, p. 30.
5173:
5168:
5161:
5156:
5150:, p. 35.
5149:
5144:
5138:, p. 82.
5137:
5132:
5130:
5122:
5117:
5111:, p. 37.
5110:
5105:
5099:, p. 93.
5098:
5093:
5087:, p. 81.
5086:
5081:
5075:, p. 91.
5074:
5069:
5063:, p. 82.
5062:
5057:
5050:
5049:Ahlstrom 2004
5045:
5043:
5035:
5034:Ahlstrom 2004
5030:
5024:, p. 72.
5023:
5018:
5012:, p. 69.
5011:
5006:
5004:
5002:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4969:, p. 65.
4968:
4963:
4957:, p. 33.
4956:
4951:
4949:
4942:, p. 49.
4941:
4936:
4929:
4928:Amazon Kindle
4925:
4920:
4914:, p. 32.
4913:
4908:
4906:
4898:
4897:Amazon Kindle
4894:
4889:
4882:
4877:
4870:
4865:
4859:, p. 38.
4858:
4853:
4847:, p. 59.
4846:
4841:
4839:
4832:, p. 37.
4831:
4826:
4819:
4814:
4808:, p. 43.
4807:
4802:
4796:, p. 44.
4795:
4790:
4788:
4780:
4779:Ahlstrom 2004
4775:
4773:
4766:, p. 43.
4765:
4760:
4758:
4750:
4749:Ahlstrom 2004
4745:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4731:
4730:Ahlstrom 2004
4726:
4720:, p. 42.
4719:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4703:, p. 40.
4702:
4697:
4690:
4685:
4678:
4677:Ahlstrom 2004
4673:
4667:, p. 35.
4666:
4661:
4654:
4653:Ahlstrom 2004
4649:
4641:
4639:0-8203-1285-1
4635:
4632:. p. 3.
4631:
4627:
4620:
4612:
4610:0-486-28294-5
4606:
4602:
4595:
4587:
4581:
4577:
4576:
4568:
4560:
4558:0-313-30982-5
4554:
4550:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4515:
4510:
4508:
4499:
4497:0-684-81363-7
4493:
4489:
4485:
4478:
4470:
4463:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4424:
4418:, p. 41.
4417:
4412:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4377:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4357:
4350:
4345:
4338:
4337:Leighton 2004
4333:
4325:
4324:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4297:
4292:
4285:
4280:
4273:
4268:
4261:
4256:
4249:
4244:
4237:
4232:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4206:
4200:, p. 42.
4199:
4194:
4187:
4182:
4175:
4170:
4164:, p. 37.
4163:
4158:
4156:
4149:, p. 36.
4148:
4143:
4136:
4131:
4124:
4119:
4113:, p. 49.
4112:
4107:
4100:. p. 37.
4099:
4095:
4094:H. L. Mencken
4088:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4045:
4040:
4033:
4028:
4020:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3985:
3979:, p. 18.
3978:
3973:
3966:
3961:
3959:
3950:
3944:
3937:
3932:
3925:
3920:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3893:
3886:
3881:
3875:, p. 98.
3874:
3873:Spraggon 2003
3869:
3865:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3839:Plymouth Rock
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3806:John Winthrop
3804:
3801:
3800:Thomas Parker
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3772:
3771:Paradise Lost
3767:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3746:Thomas Hooker
3744:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3727:John Endecott
3725:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3667:Peter Bulkley
3665:
3662:
3658:
3657:John Brockett
3655:
3654:
3652:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3573:Edward Taylor
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3504:
3502:
3497:
3493:
3492:Anti-Catholic
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3426:
3425:Boston Common
3422:
3417:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3347:Boston Common
3344:
3340:
3336:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3304:Massachusetts
3300:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3281:Globe Theatre
3278:
3274:
3273:
3272:Histriomastix
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3255:sexualization
3251:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3189:whipping post
3186:
3185:branding iron
3180:
3178:
3177:Edmund Andros
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3140:
3135:
3126:
3124:
3123:Royal Society
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3087:Merton Thesis
3078:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3051:Cotton Mather
3048:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3024:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2986:Second Coming
2983:
2977:
2975:
2974:Revelation 20
2971:
2967:
2963:
2962:Last Judgment
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2922:millennialism
2917:
2910:Millennialism
2907:
2905:
2904:William Phips
2901:
2897:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2793:
2791:
2784:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2657:pastoral care
2654:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2619:
2615:
2614:popular print
2610:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2465:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2454:Antinomianism
2451:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2422:Arthur Dent's
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2387:justification
2384:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2241:Dudley Fenner
2238:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2148:Protestantism
2145:
2141:
2140:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2110:Organizations
2106:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2082:New Calvinism
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Neo-Calvinism
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2002:United States
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:Denominations
1976:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:Charles Hodge
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:Philip Schaff
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1852:Moses Amyraut
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1832:Theodore Beza
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1683:List of texts
1676:
1675:
1668:
1667:Scholasticism
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:Lord's Supper
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1602:Protestantism
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1573:Theodore Beza
1570:
1566:
1565:William Farel
1562:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:Edmund Andros
1505:
1504:Cotton Mather
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1402:Nonconformist
1399:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1341:in 1660, the
1340:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:church polity
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1090:. During the
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1073:wedding rings
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:Marian exiles
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1028:church choirs
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
995:
985:
981:
971:
969:
965:
964:Edward Taylor
961:
956:
952:
951:H. L. Mencken
948:
947:
946:Twelfth Night
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
925:
920:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
854:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:Thomas Fuller
833:
829:
823:
816:
812:
808:
804:
803:William Bates
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:Thomas Manton
784:
780:
775:
766:
764:
760:
755:
750:
748:
747:longer period
744:
740:
736:
735:nonconformist
732:
731:
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
650:
648:
643:
639:
635:
632:were English
631:
619:
614:
612:
607:
605:
600:
599:
597:
596:
588:
584:
580:
575:
572:
571:
564:
563:
555:
554:
550:
548:
547:
546:Paradise Lost
543:
541:
540:
536:
534:
533:
529:
528:
521:
520:
512:
509:
507:
506:John Winthrop
504:
502:
499:
497:
496:Thomas Parker
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
481:Cotton Mather
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
466:John Endecott
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
436:Peter Bulkley
434:
433:
429:
424:
423:
418:
410:
409:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
350:
349:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
295:Marian exiles
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
282:
275:
274:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
245:
244:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
212:
205:
204:
196:
195:Merton thesis
193:
191:
188:
186:
185:Puritan choir
183:
181:
180:Millennialism
178:
176:
173:
171:
170:Impropriation
168:
166:
163:
162:
155:
154:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
130:Nonconformism
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
85:Protestantism
83:
81:
78:
77:
70:
69:
65:
61:
57:
56:
50:
46:
45:
42:
39:
38:
34:
30:
29:
26:
22:
9380:Charismatics
9363:
9342:Gospel music
9272:Camp meeting
9264:1789âpresent
9196:Missionaries
9166:
9159:
9150:Menno Simons
9094:
9090:Church music
9079:
8941:
8912:
8797:Conciliarism
8782:Papal Schism
8624:Scandinavian
8516:Great Schism
8494:Nestorianism
8466:Christianity
8398:priest holes
8279:Chalcedonian
8242:Christianity
8196:Great Church
8004:Resurrection
7794:
7777:
7763:
7749:
7745:Dent, Arthur
7729:
7721:
7710:
7668:
7660:"Puritanism"
7651:
7621:
7602:
7585:
7581:
7569:. Retrieved
7536:(1): 20â40.
7533:
7529:
7503:
7491:. Retrieved
7471:
7445:
7441:
7420:
7409:
7388:
7361:
7350:
7341:
7332:
7309:
7300:
7275:
7271:
7250:
7245:Lewis, C. S.
7233:. Retrieved
7213:
7191:
7180:
7159:
7136:
7122:. Retrieved
7102:
7080:
7066:. Retrieved
7046:
7033:. Retrieved
7013:
6984:
6980:
6960:
6935:
6914:
6901:. Retrieved
6881:
6859:
6836:
6816:
6804:. Retrieved
6795:
6789:
6765:
6741:
6718:
6699:
6691:Google Books
6689:– via
6671:
6647:
6634:
6615:
6607:Google Books
6605:– via
6599:. Retrieved
6575:
6551:
6542:
6534:
6522:
6506:
6501:, p. 2.
6494:
6482:
6470:. Retrieved
6465:
6455:
6442:
6436:
6427:
6421:
6408:The Guardian
6406:
6396:
6388:Google Books
6364:
6345:Google Books
6317:
6310:
6293:
6273:
6261:
6234:
6215:
6206:
6201:
6182:
6148:
6136:
6112:
6100:. Retrieved
6087:Beacon Press
6080:
6072:
6060:. Retrieved
6046:
6034:. Retrieved
6030:the original
6001:
5992:
5983:
5971:. Retrieved
5962:
5953:
5941:. Retrieved
5930:
5919:
5910:
5904:
5892:
5880:
5871:
5865:
5853:
5841:
5829:
5817:. Retrieved
5788:Google Books
5786:– via
5780:. Retrieved
5770:
5766:
5759:
5750:
5744:
5732:. Retrieved
5707:
5701:
5691:
5683:Google Books
5681:– via
5675:. Retrieved
5655:
5648:
5643:, p. 3.
5641:Barnett 1984
5621:. Retrieved
5595:
5579:Spencer 1935
5574:
5566:the original
5561:
5551:
5544:Spencer 1935
5539:
5490:
5478:
5469:
5461:Google Books
5459:– via
5453:. Retrieved
5433:
5426:
5414:. Retrieved
5400:
5391:
5385:
5373:
5361:
5349:
5342:Maclear 1975
5337:
5330:Maclear 1975
5325:
5318:Maclear 1975
5313:
5291:Maclear 1975
5286:
5274:
5262:
5250:
5237:
5228:
5219:
5213:
5202:
5191:
5179:
5167:
5155:
5143:
5116:
5104:
5097:Johnson 1970
5092:
5080:
5068:
5056:
5029:
5017:
4988:. Retrieved
4974:
4962:
4935:
4919:
4888:
4876:
4871:, p. 4.
4864:
4852:
4825:
4813:
4801:
4725:
4696:
4684:
4672:
4660:
4648:
4625:
4619:
4600:
4594:
4574:
4567:
4544:
4538:
4531:Fischer 1989
4486:. New York:
4483:
4477:
4468:
4462:
4437:
4433:
4423:
4411:
4402:
4396:
4376:
4356:
4349:Fischer 1989
4344:
4332:
4321:
4291:
4279:
4267:
4255:
4243:
4238:, Chapter 5.
4231:
4223:Google Books
4219:the original
4212:
4205:
4193:
4181:
4169:
4142:
4130:
4118:
4106:
4093:
4087:
4078:
4072:
4064:
4060:
4051:
4046:, p. 7.
4039:
4034:, p. 9.
4032:Nuttall 1992
4027:
4019:Google Books
4017:– via
4011:. Retrieved
3991:
3984:
3972:
3967:, p. 4.
3948:
3943:
3938:, p. 3.
3931:
3919:
3910:
3904:
3892:
3880:
3868:
3775:
3769:
3695:'s Governor.
3680:
3613:
3608:William Laud
3585:
3577:
3546:
3531:Perry Miller
3527:
3517:
3490:
3483:
3457:
3430:
3398:
3396:
3384:
3378:
3374:
3372:
3355:
3342:
3332:
3315:
3301:
3284:
3270:
3252:
3232:
3224:cockfighting
3216:blood sports
3211:
3201:
3181:
3144:
3103:famous claim
3093:proposed by
3084:
3059:
3055:Peter Pelham
3026:
3008:
2978:
2919:
2893:
2885:John Stearne
2870:
2858:John Darrell
2847:
2827:
2812:
2799:
2795:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2771:Adam and Eve
2768:
2752:
2718:
2710:Independents
2704:
2680:presbyteries
2665:
2646:
2626:ecclesiology
2623:
2617:
2604:Ecclesiology
2583:
2574:confirmation
2571:
2536:
2515:circumcision
2500:
2492:
2483:
2477:
2458:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2402:Perry Miller
2399:
2372:
2359:regeneration
2352:
2337:
2293:
2281:original sin
2275:. After the
2269:eternal life
2265:Adam and Eve
2257:William Ames
2249:John Preston
2226:
2201:
2200:
2144:Christianity
2142:
2096:
1992:Presbyterian
1957:J. I. Packer
1802:Martin Bucer
1758:
1688:Geneva Bible
1592:Christianity
1516:
1512:
1485:
1441:
1428:meetinghouse
1426:, a Puritan
1392:
1376:
1370:
1346:
1336:
1323:
1283:
1268:
1258:
1234:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1160:, a Puritan
1151:
1096:
1084:clerical cap
1077:
1050:
1035:
997:
983:
944:
928:
922:
918:
916:
889:
884:
866:
861:
857:
851:
847:
839:
831:
827:
825:
779:Thomas Gouge
753:
751:
743:Presbyterian
729:
722:
707:
699:Independents
679:presbyterian
651:
629:
627:
551:
544:
537:
530:
390:Praying town
125:Independents
80:Christianity
54:
40:
25:
9469:Catholicism
9406:Protestants
9400:Evangelical
9075:39 Articles
9070:Elizabethan
9047:Anglicanism
9027:Westminster
8937:Melanchthon
8900:Lutheranism
8865:Nicodemites
8843:Arminianism
8814:Reformation
8755:Bonaventure
8730:Inquisition
8725:Waldensians
8675:Investiture
8653:Kievan Rus'
8609:Anglo-Saxon
8589:Pelagianism
8581:Middle Ages
8504:Iconodulism
8379:Thomas More
8300:Catholicism
8222:Monasticism
8205:Constantine
8130:Persecution
8088:Adoptionism
8073:Ante-Nicene
8016:Holy Spirit
7999:Crucifixion
7970:Origins and
7871:2nd and 3rd
7493:13 February
7124:14 February
7068:5 September
7035:25 December
6527:Spurr (1998
6511:Spurr (1998
6499:Bremer 2009
6325:. pp.
6153:Foster 1999
6141:Foster 1999
6125:Thomas More
6117:Lewis (1969
5973:17 December
5897:Bremer 2009
5885:Keeble 1987
5858:Bremer 2009
5834:Bremer 2009
5677:24 December
5532:Bremer 2009
5513:Norton 2008
5494:Cohen, 1990
5416:13 November
5378:Bremer 1981
5366:Watras 2008
5354:Bremer 1995
5306:Bremer 2009
5279:Hotson 2000
5267:Bremer 2009
5255:Bremer 2009
5172:Bremer 2009
5148:Ulrich 1976
5136:Saxton 2003
5109:Ulrich 1976
5073:Norton 2011
5022:Bremer 2009
5010:Bremer 2009
4967:Bremer 2009
4845:Bremer 2009
4794:Bremer 2009
4764:Bremer 2009
4718:Bremer 2009
4701:Bremer 2009
4689:Bremer 2009
4665:Bremer 2009
4514:Bremer 2009
4440:(1): 1â28.
4312:Lee, Sidney
4296:Lamont 1969
4248:Milton 1997
4123:Coffin 1987
3897:Miller 2008
3885:Cliffe 2002
3784:James Noyes
3766:John Milton
3737:evangelical
3677:John Bunyan
3565:John Bunyan
3561:John Milton
3518:The Puritan
3474:. In 1661,
3339:Springfield
3327:banned book
3239:fornication
3220:bearbaiting
3156:Whitsuntide
3115:correlation
2950:historicist
2938:Joseph Mede
2881:East Anglia
2873:witch hunts
2802:temporality
2764: 1660
2744:Family life
2692:Interregnum
2579:blasphemous
2525:, who made
2450:Arminianism
2406:indulgences
2375:Bible study
2277:fall of man
2233:John Calvin
2042:Amyraldians
1997:South Korea
1917:John Machen
1817:John Calvin
1783:Theologians
1693:Confessions
1597:Reformation
1569:John Calvin
1488:John Cotton
1306:Erastianism
1030:, a formal
1024:Catholicism
1008:Elizabeth I
968:John Cotton
904:Holy Spirit
877:Separatists
791:John Flavel
769:Terminology
634:Protestants
491:James Noyes
456:John Cotton
441:John Bunyan
248:Confessions
110:Arminianism
105:Anglicanism
90:Reformation
55:The Puritan
9495:Puritanism
9484:Categories
9191:Revivalism
9112:Anabaptism
9060:Henry VIII
8885:Literature
8509:Iconoclasm
8489:Chrysostom
8442:Vatican II
8408:Jansenists
8394:Mass rocks
8330:Lateran IV
8249:Athanasius
8169:Tertullian
8113:Marcionism
8108:Gnosticism
8061:Revelation
7979:Background
7571:4 November
7235:28 October
7183:. P&R.
7085:. Viking.
7009:Gay, Peter
6869:093855820X
6637:. London:
6601:28 October
6102:26 January
6062:26 January
5160:Demos 1970
5121:Demos 1970
4955:Spurr 1998
4940:White 1999
4912:Spurr 1998
4881:Spurr 1998
4857:Spurr 1998
4830:Spurr 1998
4818:Spurr 1998
4484:John Adams
4272:Kelly 1992
4236:Spurr 1998
4198:Craig 2008
4186:Craig 2008
4174:Craig 2008
4162:Craig 2008
4147:Craig 2008
4044:Spurr 1998
4013:4 November
3977:Spurr 1998
3965:Spurr 1998
3936:Spurr 1998
3855:References
3849:Work ethic
3794:Philip Nye
3588:antinomian
3557:capitalism
3545:argued in
3289:Drury Lane
3243:Folk dance
2994:apocalypse
2966:Antichrist
2842:witchcraft
2807:catechised
2661:discipline
2649:prelatical
2612:Polemical
2523:godparents
2503:sacraments
2395:born again
2363:conversion
2334:Conversion
2214:sinfulness
2202:Puritanism
2067:Neonomians
2037:Afrikaners
1927:Karl Barth
1892:John Nevin
1586:Background
1436:Calvinists
1294:episcopacy
1116:John Field
1112:Parliament
1016:bishoprics
929:puritanism
695:Separatist
671:Calvinists
73:Background
9357:Ecumenism
9307:Adventism
9297:Mormonism
9233:Millerism
9228:Methodism
9183:1640â1789
9085:Civil War
9032:Orthodoxy
8987:Huguenots
8969:Calvinism
8954:Eucharist
8949:Orthodoxy
8833:Eucharist
8765:Five Ways
8715:Dulcinian
8668:Pomerania
8594:Gregory I
8438:Vatican I
8428:Modernism
8413:Molinists
8403:Guadalupe
8274:Chalcedon
8269:Ephesus I
8259:Augustine
8135:Apostolic
8118:Montanism
8083:Diversity
7859:Centuries
7696:750831024
7594:1535-0584
7558:144156297
6639:Routledge
6573:(2004) .
6472:26 August
6006:West 2003
5819:18 August
4990:21 August
4260:Hill 1972
3713:political
3543:Max Weber
3535:modernity
3472:theocracy
3468:Mary Dyer
3421:Mary Dyer
3397:The 1653
3391:recusancy
3164:the Beast
3148:Christmas
3099:Max Weber
3036:Education
2850:exorcisms
2726:Brownists
2600:in 1642.
2379:preaching
2308:salvation
2289:damnation
2197:Calvinism
2052:Huguenots
2031:Movements
1862:John Owen
1822:John Knox
1577:John Knox
1531:Calvinism
1465:Caribbean
1365:Dissenter
1353:Civil War
1249:Levellers
1162:manifesto
1042:vestments
1020:deaneries
960:virginity
955:Peter Gay
910:over the
900:Familists
848:precisian
838:, in his
811:John Howe
807:John Owen
675:episcopal
413:Elsewhere
100:Calvinism
9490:Puritans
9449:Theology
9437:Missions
9432:Timeline
9404:Mainline
9352:Pacifism
9201:Baptists
9120:Theology
9080:Puritans
9055:Timeline
8997:Scotland
8925:Theology
8772:Wycliffe
8720:Crusades
8695:Bogomils
8648:Bulgaria
8604:Germanic
8556:Ethiopia
8454:Timeline
8232:Nicaea I
8227:Councils
8159:Irenaeus
8154:Ignatius
8149:Polycarp
8103:Donatism
8098:Docetism
8093:Arianism
7994:Ministry
7792:(1620).
7775:(1627).
7761:(1610).
7747:(1601).
7562:Archived
7487:Archived
7314:ABC-CLIO
7247:(1969).
7229:Archived
7118:Archived
7062:Archived
7029:Archived
7011:(1984).
6958:(1989).
6897:Archived
6879:(1988).
6858:(1987),
6800:Archived
6746:ABC-CLIO
6595:Archived
6550:(1971).
6468:. Lowell
6413:Archived
6384:Archived
6372:. 2006.
6370:ABC-CLIO
6341:Archived
6298:Archived
6056:Archived
6036:12 March
5967:Archived
5937:Archived
5813:Archived
5776:Archived
5734:10 March
5728:Archived
5671:Archived
5623:11 March
5617:Archived
5449:Archived
5410:Archived
5236:(1911).
4984:Archived
4385:Archived
4365:Archived
4111:Gay 1984
4059:(1916).
4007:Archived
3823:See also
3709:military
3592:Baptists
3437:Anglican
3308:toasting
3293:West End
3269:'s book
3235:gambling
3218:such as
3195:and the
3109:and the
2956:and the
2920:Puritan
2738:Baptists
2676:sessions
2488:surplice
2445:(1630).
2434:(1603),
2427:(1601),
2410:penances
2212:, human
2097:Puritans
2087:Pilgrims
2019:Anglican
1614:Theology
1540:a series
1538:Part of
1463:and the
1461:Virginia
1189:revised
1080:surplice
1012:Reformed
941:Malvolio
933:antonyms
924:hedonism
853:stickler
659:doctrine
630:Puritans
41:Puritans
33:a series
31:Part of
9442:Martyrs
9238:Pietism
9168:Ausbund
9140:MĂźntzer
9065:Cranmer
9012:Baptism
8977:Zwingli
8828:Erasmus
8777:Avignon
8760:Aquinas
8750:Francis
8745:Dominic
8705:Cathars
8700:Bosnian
8690:Bernard
8685:Abelard
8658:Moravia
8643:Bohemia
8629:Iceland
8551:Serbian
8531:Georgia
8526:Armenia
8464:Eastern
8365:Jesuits
8041:Gospels
7989:Baptism
7666:(ed.).
7550:2712475
7292:1921563
7001:2674233
6903:23 June
6563:Sources
5943:6 April
5782:19 June
5724:2085847
5615:. BBC.
4454:2139228
4214:Divines
3788:Newbury
3719:of the
3671:Concord
3642:of the
3596:Quakers
3441:Baptist
3419:Quaker
3291:in the
3259:theatre
3257:of the
3208:James I
3204:Sabbath
3193:bilboes
3119:Pietism
3071:Harvard
2889:gallows
2674:(local
2620:, 1647.
2616:with a
2391:imputed
1647:Baptism
1526:Beliefs
1253:Quakers
1245:Ranters
1174:eirenic
1154:James I
1104:bishops
1032:liturgy
974:History
919:puritan
896:Seekers
892:Quakers
885:Puritan
862:Puritan
858:Puritan
832:Puritan
828:Puritan
754:Puritan
353:America
278:England
208:History
9130:Grebel
8982:Calvin
8908:Luther
8802:Synods
8680:Anselm
8663:Poland
8619:Gothic
8614:Franks
8599:Celtic
8566:Russia
8546:Syriac
8536:Greece
8423:Teresa
8370:Xavier
8308:Papacy
8254:Jerome
8174:Origen
8075:period
7850:Spread
7694:
7684:
7632:
7609:
7592:
7556:
7548:
7510:
7479:
7462:360356
7460:
7429:
7397:
7374:
7320:
7290:
7259:
7221:
7200:
7168:
7145:
7110:
7089:
7054:
7021:
6999:
6968:
6944:
6922:
6889:
6866:
6844:
6823:
6806:26 May
6773:
6752:
6725:
6706:
6683:
6658:
6622:
6587:
6376:
6333:
6129:Luther
6093:
5722:
5663:
5455:8 June
5441:
4636:
4607:
4582:
4555:
4494:
4452:
3999:
3620:church
3433:Quaker
3263:Thames
3247:branle
3228:boxing
3191:, the
3187:, the
3168:carols
3160:popery
3152:Easter
3139:Boston
3017:(1867)
2944:, and
2838:demons
2684:synods
2590:Psalms
1575:, and
1450:under
1357:Calamy
1304:, and
1251:, and
1108:elders
1044:, and
898:, and
761:, the
681:, and
585:other
9364:solae
9362:Five
9155:Smyth
9007:TULIP
8930:Bible
8638:Slavs
8541:Egypt
8499:Icons
8350:Trent
8340:Leo X
8237:Creed
7782:(PDF)
7662:. In
7565:(PDF)
7554:S2CID
7546:JSTOR
7526:(PDF)
7458:JSTOR
7288:JSTOR
6997:JSTOR
5720:JSTOR
4450:JSTOR
3860:Notes
3410:tithe
2834:devil
2672:laity
2547:bread
2418:piety
2383:mercy
2348:saint
2340:faith
2316:merit
2304:grace
2300:elect
2273:works
2218:Bible
1679:Texts
1442:Some
1388:Whigs
1369:1662
912:Bible
663:piety
524:Works
62:, in
9414:left
9412:and
9402:and
9252:and
9250:Neo-
9017:Dort
9002:Knox
8848:Wars
8440:and
8396:and
8389:Wars
8046:Acts
7961:21st
7956:20th
7951:19th
7946:18th
7941:17th
7936:16th
7931:15th
7926:14th
7921:13th
7916:12th
7911:11th
7906:10th
7692:OCLC
7682:ISBN
7674:Sage
7630:ISBN
7607:ISBN
7590:ISSN
7573:2018
7508:ISBN
7495:2020
7477:ISBN
7427:ISBN
7395:ISBN
7372:ISBN
7318:ISBN
7257:ISBN
7237:2020
7219:ISBN
7198:ISBN
7166:ISBN
7143:ISBN
7126:2020
7108:ISBN
7087:ISBN
7070:2016
7052:ISBN
7037:2021
7019:ISBN
6966:ISBN
6942:ISBN
6920:ISBN
6905:2020
6887:ISBN
6864:ISBN
6842:ISBN
6821:ISBN
6808:2022
6771:ISBN
6750:ISBN
6723:ISBN
6704:ISBN
6681:ISBN
6656:ISBN
6620:ISBN
6603:2020
6585:ISBN
6474:2024
6374:ISBN
6331:ISBN
6226:help
6193:help
6174:help
6127:and
6104:2023
6091:ISBN
6064:2023
6038:2022
5975:2020
5945:2020
5821:2013
5784:2010
5736:2022
5679:2020
5661:ISBN
5625:2022
5457:2018
5439:ISBN
5418:2020
4992:2010
4634:ISBN
4605:ISBN
4580:ISBN
4553:ISBN
4492:ISBN
4015:2012
3997:ISBN
3711:and
3691:was
3594:and
3571:and
3439:and
3222:and
3154:and
3085:The
3075:Yale
2894:The
2852:for
2836:and
2732:and
2640:and
2551:wine
2549:and
2408:and
2326:and
2312:Hell
2306:and
2235:and
1490:and
1284:The
1259:The
1223:The
1118:and
1082:and
1018:and
998:The
966:and
931:are
927:and
875:", "
813:and
741:and
697:and
628:The
579:U.S.
8959:Art
8817:and
8792:Hus
8355:Art
7901:9th
7896:8th
7891:7th
7886:6th
7881:5th
7876:4th
7866:1st
7538:doi
7450:doi
7280:doi
6989:doi
6327:102
5712:doi
4442:doi
3210:'s
3101:'s
3013:by
2708:or
2210:God
1430:in
943:in
9486::
8281:/
8137:/
7690:.
7676:;
7628:.
7624:.
7586:35
7584:.
7560:.
7552:.
7544:.
7534:28
7532:.
7528:.
7485:.
7456:.
7444:.
7370:.
7316:.
7312:.
7286:.
7276:32
7274:.
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7116:.
7060:.
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