37:
642:
Impropriation was similar except that the holder was a layman or secular corporation, again obliged to select and support a cleric to serve the parish. After 1200, no layman could have a cure of souls, but such grants were still occasionally made. When the monastic properties passed into lay hands at
659:. They could be purchased to sway a parish toward the holder's favored interpretation of Protestantism. Local churchgoers had little alternative to the official parish church, and impropriations were a questionable but effective political tactic during the historic struggle between Established and
635:. Over the centuries, the benefice came to be considered a piece of property whose holder could discharge the spiritual responsibilities by a deputy, and many parishes were annexed by monasteries or other spiritual corporations, a process known as
647:, many appropriations were converted to impropriations, and by 1603, of a total 9284 benefices, 3489 were held by impropriators or lay rectors. By custom, they were obliged to maintain the chancel in good repair.
735:
A legal entity vested in an individual and his successors by reason of his office which persists even though there is no living person holding it and its affairs are being administered by "sequestrators"
631:, parson, or rector who was sustained by the benefice income while providing personally for the cure of souls, the everyday pastoral and religious duties. The parson was technically a
690:
663:
sects in
England. They also fostered the practice of "pluralism," where one minister would hold the income of several churches, usually serving them inadequately.
627:
to a layman. With the establishment of the parish system in
England, it was necessary for all church property and income to have a specific owner. This was the
639:. These ecclesiastical holders were bound to provide for a cleric known as a 'vicar' for the cure of souls, but could use any excess income as they pleased.
704:
The seventeenth century impropriation controversies were related to those concerning the collection of tithes, which were tenaciously resisted by the
362:
202:
212:
433:
367:
207:
387:
905:
222:
36:
566:
498:
853:
132:
102:
603:
217:
372:
327:
242:
685:, which raised funds for impropriations of their own. From 1625 to 1633, the group purchased impropriations and
458:
117:
881:
793:
Neep, E.J.C; Edinger, George. A Handbook of Church Law for the Clergy. A.R. Mowbray & Cº(1928) p.74
519:
51:
766:
Neep, E.J.C; Edinger, George. A Handbook of Church Law for the Clergy. A.R. Mowbray & Cº(1928) p.6
540:
526:
347:
152:
127:
671:
483:
352:
277:
122:
845:
Congregational
Communion: Clerical Friendship in the Anglo-American Puritan Community, 1610-1692
596:
443:
317:
162:
112:
47:
900:
843:
561:
404:
312:
287:
272:
41:
8:
644:
82:
675:
357:
302:
297:
252:
177:
107:
887:
N. J, Morgan, "Lancashire
Quakers and the Tithe"; Bulletin of JRUL, no 70, vol 3, 1988
849:
698:
589:
574:
382:
307:
292:
247:
20:
632:
415:
473:
463:
448:
438:
620:
488:
322:
894:
533:
493:
468:
453:
423:
282:
182:
172:
167:
72:
377:
67:
478:
428:
97:
92:
77:
689:, appointing Puritans to ministerial and lecturing positions. The legal
694:
87:
717:
686:
624:
28:
705:
667:
660:
656:
623:
law, was the destination of income from tithes of a church
678:
agreed to abolish them, but the reform was never enacted.
655:
Impropriations were deeply controversial, being a form of
841:
892:
878:Eric J. Evans: "The Contentious tithe", RKP 1979
815:Blunt, J.H. & Phillimore, Sir Walter G.F.
775:Blunt, J.H. & Phillimore, Sir Walter G.F.
753:Blunt, J.H. & Phillimore, Sir Walter G.F.
884:, "Economic Problems of the Church" OUP, 1953
597:
666:Impropriations came under attack from the
604:
590:
35:
650:
893:
693:was an early move of the high church
681:Puritans responded by organizing the
133:17th-century denominations in England
830:The Caroline Captivity of the Church
789:
787:
785:
103:Arminianism in the Church of England
13:
872:
14:
917:
842:Francis J. Bremer (9 June 1994).
782:
906:History of the Church of England
708:, especially from 1652 to 1700.
328:Elizabethan Religious Settlement
243:Westminster Confession of Faith
203:History under Queen Elizabeth I
835:
822:
809:
796:
769:
760:
747:
729:
1:
741:
213:History under King Charles I
7:
711:
691:suppression of the Feoffees
683:Feoffees for Impropriations
10:
922:
363:Immigration to New England
208:History under King James I
52:Springfield, Massachusetts
348:Providence Island Company
218:Cromwellian era and after
153:Definitions of Puritanism
128:Ecclesiastical separatism
723:
672:Hampton Court Conference
353:Massachusetts Bay Colony
278:Trial of Archbishop Laud
223:History in North America
804:The English Reformation
562:Congregational churches
520:The Godly Man's Picture
388:American exceptionalism
123:English Presbyterianism
819:Rivingtons(1885) p=340
817:The Book of Church Law
806:Battsford (1999) p.364
779:Rivingtons(1885) p=283
777:The Book of Church Law
757:Rivingtons(1885) p=340
755:The Book of Church Law
619:, a term from English
541:Foxe's Book of Martyrs
527:The Pilgrim's Progress
368:Culture in New England
318:Act of Uniformity 1662
163:Puritan Sabbatarianism
48:Augustus Saint-Gaudens
651:Sectarian controversy
405:Troubles at Frankfurt
373:Christmas prohibition
288:Vestments controversy
46:, an 1887 statue by
848:. UPNE. p. 75.
555:Continuing movements
273:Scrooby Congregation
416:Notable individuals
313:English Restoration
83:English Reformation
697:leading up to the
358:Salem witch trials
303:Grand Remonstrance
298:Millenary Petition
253:Cambridge Platform
178:Puritan work ethic
108:English Dissenters
855:978-1-55553-186-7
699:English Civil War
614:
613:
575:Reformed churches
569:
383:Half-Way Covenant
308:English Civil War
293:Martin Marprelate
248:Savoy Declaration
913:
882:Christopher Hill
867:
866:
864:
862:
839:
833:
832:OUP (1992) p. 79
828:Davies, Julian.
826:
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813:
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800:
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767:
764:
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751:
736:
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695:Laudian movement
633:corporation sole
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459:Jonathan Edwards
434:William Bradford
39:
16:
15:
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873:Further reading
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653:
610:
581:
580:
579:
556:
548:
547:
546:
513:
505:
504:
503:
499:Robert Woodford
474:Increase Mather
464:Anne Hutchinson
449:Oliver Cromwell
439:Anne Bradstreet
418:
408:
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5:
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871:
869:
868:
854:
834:
821:
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802:Dickens, A.G.
795:
781:
768:
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745:
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738:
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674:of 1604. King
652:
649:
621:ecclesiastical
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489:Roger Williams
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323:Great Ejection
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146:Crucial themes
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40:
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25:
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9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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669:
664:
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640:
638:
637:appropriation
634:
630:
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618:
617:Impropriation
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602:
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563:
560:
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534:Paradise Lost
531:
529:
528:
524:
522:
521:
517:
516:
509:
508:
500:
497:
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494:John Winthrop
492:
490:
487:
485:
484:Thomas Parker
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
469:Cotton Mather
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
454:John Endecott
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
424:Peter Bulkley
422:
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283:Marian exiles
281:
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211:
209:
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201:
200:
193:
192:
184:
183:Merton thesis
181:
179:
176:
174:
173:Puritan choir
171:
169:
168:Millennialism
166:
164:
161:
159:
158:Impropriation
156:
154:
151:
150:
143:
142:
134:
131:
129:
126:
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118:Nonconformism
116:
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99:
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73:Protestantism
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49:
45:
44:
38:
34:
33:
30:
27:
26:
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17:
901:Ecclesiology
859:. Retrieved
844:
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703:
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654:
641:
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628:
616:
615:
539:
532:
525:
518:
378:Praying town
157:
113:Independents
68:Christianity
42:
645:Reformation
629:parochianus
479:James Noyes
444:John Cotton
429:John Bunyan
236:Confessions
98:Arminianism
93:Anglicanism
78:Reformation
43:The Puritan
895:Categories
742:References
61:Background
687:advowsons
401:Elsewhere
88:Calvinism
718:Advowson
712:See also
668:Puritans
625:benefice
29:Puritans
21:a series
19:Part of
706:Quakers
676:James I
670:at the
661:Puritan
341:America
266:England
196:History
861:21 May
852:
657:simony
573:other
724:Notes
512:Works
50:, in
863:2012
850:ISBN
643:the
567:U.S.
897::
784:^
701:.
23:on
865:.
605:e
598:t
591:v
570:)
564:(
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