3376:. Couples who had sex during their engagement were fined and publicly humiliated. Men, and a handful of women, who engaged in homosexual behavior, were seen as especially sinful, with some executed. While the practice of execution was also infrequently used for rape and adultery, homosexuality was actually seen as a worse sin. Passages from the Old Testament, including Lev 20:13., were thought to support the disgust for homosexuality and efforts to purge society of it. New Haven code stated "If any man lyeth with mankinde, as a man lyeth with a woman, both of them have committed abomination, they shall surely be put to death" and in 1636 the Plymouth Colony adopted a set of laws that included a sentence of death for sodomy and buggery. Prominent authors such as Thomas Cobbert, Samual Danforth and Cotton Mather wrote pieces condemning homosexuality. Mather argued that the passage "Overcome the Devil when he tempts you to the youthful sin of Uncleanness" was referring "probably to the young men of Sodom".
1231:
60:
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3016:
2784:, Puritans believed that marriage was rooted in procreation, love, and, most importantly, salvation. Husbands were the spiritual heads of the household, while women were to demonstrate religious piety and obedience under male authority. Furthermore, marriage represented not only the relationship between husband and wife, but also the relationship between spouses and God. Puritan husbands commanded authority through family direction and prayer. The female relationship to her husband and to God was marked by submissiveness and humility.
3225:(1618) permitted Christians to play football every Sunday afternoon after worship. When the Puritans established themselves in power, football was among the sports that were banned: boys caught playing on Sunday could be prosecuted. Football was also used as a rebellious force: when Puritans outlawed Christmas in England in December 1647 the crowd brought out footballs as a symbol of festive misrule. Other forms of leisure and entertainment were completely forbidden on moral grounds. For example, Puritans were universally opposed to
3643:
1483:
1567:
3177:". They also objected to Christmas because the festivities surrounding the holiday were seen as impious (English jails were usually filled with drunken revelers and brawlers). During the years that the Puritan ban on Christmas was in place in England, protests occurred over the repressiveness of the Puritan regime. Pro-Christmas rioting broke out across England, semi-clandestine religious services marking Christ's birth continued to be held, and people sang
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2497:. This may include a sermon, but Holy Communion or the Lord's Supper was only occasionally observed. Officially, lay people were only required to receive communion three times a year, but most people only received communion once a year at Easter. Puritans were concerned about biblical errors and Catholic remnants within the prayer book. Puritans objected to bowing at the name of Jesus, the requirement that priests wear the
785:
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2727:, in which they "pledged to join in the proper worship of God and to nourish each other in the search for further religious truth". Such churches were regarded as complete within themselves, with full authority to determine their own membership, administer their own discipline and ordain their own ministers. Furthermore, the sacraments would only be administered to those in the church covenant.
2592:. In the funeral service, the priest committed the body to the ground "in sure and certain hope of resurrection to eternal life, through our Lord Jesus Christ." Puritans objected to this phrase because they did not believe it was true for everyone. They suggested it be rewritten as "we commit his body believing a resurrection of the just and unjust, some to joy, and some to punishment."
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2427:â"the progressive growth in the saint's ability to better perceive and seek God's will, and thus to lead a holy life". Some Puritans attempted to find assurance of their faith by keeping detailed records of their behavior and looking for the evidence of salvation in their lives. Puritan clergy wrote many spiritual guides to help their parishioners pursue personal
3419:. In London, those attending Catholic mass or Anglican holy communion were occasionally arrested but released without charge. Many unofficial Protestant congregations, such as Baptist churches, were permitted to meet. Quakers were allowed to publish freely and hold meetings. They were, however, arrested for disrupting parish church services and organising
3310:, dominated by the anarchic Mr Punch, made its first recorded appearance in England in May 1662, with show historian Glyn Edwards stating the character of Punch "went down particularly well with Restoration British audiences, fun-starved after years of Puritanism ... he became, really, a spirit of Britain â a subversive maverick who defies authority".
1198:, but also the use of non-secular vestments (cap and gown) during services, the sign of the Cross in baptism, and kneeling to receive Holy Communion. Some of the bishops under both Elizabeth and James tried to suppress Puritanism, though other bishops were more tolerant. In many places, individual ministers were able to omit disliked portions of the
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a considerable extent its invention: a stigma, with great power to distract and distort historical memory." Historian John Spurr writes that
Puritans were defined by their relationships with their surroundings, especially with the Church of England. Whenever the Church of England changed, Spurr argues, the definition of a Puritan also changed.
6291:, pp. 83â84: "But it was not for their heterodox theology or their own open meetings that they were arrested and mistreated. It was for disrupting services in what they insisted on calling âsteeple-housesâ rather than churches; that, or for organising tithe-strikes aimed directly and specifically to undermine the state church."
2572:, the Puritans stressed "that Christ comes down to us in the sacrament by His Word and Spirit, offering Himself as our spiritual food and drink". They criticised the prayer book service for being too similar to the Catholic mass. For example, the requirement that people kneel to receive communion implied
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was necessary and thought candidates were poorly prepared since bishops did not have the time to examine them properly. The marriage service was criticised for using a wedding ring (which implied that marriage was a sacrament) and having the groom vow to his bride "with my body I thee worship", which
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of the 18th century. While evangelical views on conversion were heavily influenced by
Puritan theology, the Puritans believed that assurance of one's salvation was "rare, late and the fruit of struggle in the experience of believers", whereas evangelicals believed that assurance was normative for all
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argues that "There is little point in constructing elaborate statements defining what, in ontological terms, puritanism was and what it was not, when it was not a thing definable in itself but only one half of a stressful relationship." Puritanism "was only the mirror image of anti-puritanism and to
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and other biblical passages. Women and men were equally expected to fulfill marital responsibilities. Women and men could file for divorce based on this issue alone. In
Massachusetts colony, which had some of the most liberal colonial divorce laws, one out of every six divorce petitions was filed on
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Some strong religious beliefs common to
Puritans had direct impacts on culture. Puritans believed it was the government's responsibility to enforce moral standards and ensure true religious worship was established and maintained. Education was essential to every person, male and female, so that they
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Puritans viewed the relationship between master and servant similarly to that of parent and child. Just as parents were expected to uphold
Puritan religious values in the home, masters assumed the parental responsibility of housing and educating young servants. Older servants also dwelt with masters
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The paradox created by female inferiority in the public sphere and the spiritual equality of men and women in marriage, then, gave way to the informal authority of women concerning matters of the home and childrearing. With the consent of their husbands, wives made important decisions concerning the
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itself was rarely used after the turn of the 18th century. Some
Puritan ideals, including the formal rejection of Roman Catholicism, were incorporated into the doctrines of the Church of England; others were absorbed into the many Protestant denominations that emerged in the late 17th and early 18th
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In contrast to other
Protestants who tended to view eschatology as an explanation for "God's remote plans for the world and man", Puritans understood it to describe "the cosmic environment in which the regenerate soldier of Christ was now to do battle against the power of sin". On a personal level,
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labour of their children, property, and the management of inns and taverns owned by their husbands. Pious
Puritan mothers laboured for their children's righteousness and salvation, connecting women directly to matters of religion and morality. In her poem titled "In Reference to her Children", poet
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from such experiences. Over time, however, Puritan theologians developed a framework for authentic religious experience based on their own experiences as well as those of their parishioners. Eventually, Puritans came to regard a specific conversion experience as an essential mark of one's election.
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guaranteed that in matters of religion "none shall be compelled by penalties or otherwise, but endeavours be used to win them by sound
Doctrine and the Example of a good conversation". Religious freedom was given to "all who profess Faith in God by Jesus Christ". However, Catholics and some others
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of motherhood by comparing her children to a flock of birds on the precipice of leaving home. While
Puritans praised the obedience of young children, they also believed that, by separating children from their mothers at adolescence, children could better sustain a superior relationship with God. A
2576:, a practice linked to transubstantiation. Puritans also criticised the Church of England for allowing unrepentant sinners to receive communion. Puritans wanted better spiritual preparation (such as clergy home visits and testing people on their knowledge of the catechism) for communion and better
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priests from entering territory under Puritan jurisdiction. Any suspected Catholic who could not clear himself was to be banished from the colony; a second offense carried a death penalty. A plaque in Southwick Hall at the University of Massachusetts Lowell commemorates "Royal Southwick, Lowell's
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At a time when the literacy rate in England was less than 30 per cent, the Puritan leaders of colonial New England believed children should be educated for both religious and civil reasons, and they worked to achieve universal literacy. In 1642, Massachusetts required heads of households to teach
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a crime. There was no longer a legal requirement to attend the parish church on Sundays (for both Protestants and Catholics). In 1653, responsibility for recording births, marriages and deaths was transferred from the church to a civil registrar. The result was that church baptisms and marriages
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The sermon was central to Puritan piety. It was not only a means of religious education; Puritans believed it was the most common way that God prepared a sinner's heart for conversion. On Sundays, Puritan ministers often shortened the liturgy to allow more time for preaching. Puritan churchgoers
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and other settlements among the northern colonies. The large-scale Puritan migration to New England ceased by 1641, with around 21,000 persons having moved across the Atlantic. This English-speaking population in the United States was not descended from all of the original colonists, since many
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The Puritans in the Colonies wanted their children to be able to read and interpret the Bible themselves, rather than have to rely on the clergy for interpretation. In 1635, they established the Boston Latin School to educate their sons, the first and oldest formal education institution in the
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The History of the Puritans, Or Protestant Noncomformists: From the Reformation in 1517, to the Revolution in 1688; Comprising an Account of Their Principles; Their Attempts for a Farther Reformation in the Church; Their Sufferings; and the Lives and Characters of Their Most Considerable
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2532:. It could not be assumed that baptism produces regeneration. The Westminster Confession states that the grace of baptism is only effective for those who are among the elect, and its effects lie dormant until one experiences conversion later in life. Puritans wanted to do away with
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Puritans in both England and New England believed that the state should protect and promote true religion and that religion should influence politics and social life. Certain holidays were outlawed when Puritans came to power. In 1647, Parliament outlawed the celebration of
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separately from boys at adolescence. Boys' education prepared them for vocations and leadership roles, while girls were educated for domestic and religious purposes. The pinnacle of achievement for children in Puritan society, however, occurred with the conversion process.
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Puritanism has attracted much scholarly attention, and as a result, the secondary literature on the subject is vast. Puritanism is considered crucial to understanding the religious, political and cultural issues of early modern England. In addition, historians such as
2392:. This was followed by humiliation, when the sinner realized that he or she was helpless to break free from sin and that their good works could never earn forgiveness. It was after reaching this pointâthe realization that salvation was possible only because of divine
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returned to England shortly after arriving on the continent, but it produced more than 16 million descendants. This so-called "Great Migration" is not so named because of sheer numbers, which were much less than the number of English citizens who immigrated to
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The Dissenters divided themselves from all other Christians in the Church of England and established their own Separatist congregations in the 1660s and 1670s. An estimated 1,800 of the ejected clergy continued in some fashion as ministers of religion, according to
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during this time, many as indentured servants. The rapid growth of the New England colonies (around 700,000 by 1790) was almost entirely due to the high birth rate and lower death rate per year. They had formed families more rapidly than did the southern colonies.
1074:. The most impatient clergy began introducing reforms within their local parishes. The initial conflict between Puritans and the authorities included instances of nonconformity, such as omitting parts of the liturgy to allow more time for the sermon and singing of
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dance, which involved couples intertwining arms or holding hands, returned to popularity in England after the restoration when the bans imposed by the Puritans were lifted. In New England, the first dancing school did not open until the end of the 17th century.
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their wives, children and servants basic reading and writing so that they could read the Bible and understand colonial laws. In 1647, the government required all towns with 50 or more households to hire a teacher and towns of 100 or more households to hire a
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In the 1570s, the primary dispute between Puritans and the authorities was over the appropriate form of church government. Many Puritans believed that the Church of England should follow the example of Reformed churches in other parts of Europe and adopt
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Attempting to force religious and intellectual homogeneity on the whole community, civil and religious restrictions were most strictly applied by the Puritans of Massachusetts which saw various banishments applied to enforce conformity, including the
1521:(in which Cotton Mather played a part) and the new charter, mediated by Increase Mather, to the death of Cotton Mather. Puritan leaders were political thinkers and writers who considered the church government to be God's agency in social life.
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were also adamant that they were not separating from the Church of England. However, some Puritans equated the Church of England with the Roman Catholic Church, and therefore considered it no Christian church at all. These groups, such as the
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in baptism. Private baptisms were opposed because Puritans believed that preaching should always accompany sacraments. Some Puritan clergy even refused to baptise dying infants because that implied the sacrament contributed to salvation.
3609:, can suffer in this way. The national context (England and Wales, as well as the kingdoms of Scotland and Ireland) frames the definition of Puritans, but was not a self-identification for those Protestants who saw the progress of the
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English-speaking New World. They also set up what were called dame schools for their daughters, and in other cases taught their daughters at home how to read. As a result, Puritans were among the most literate societies in the world.
3910:, p. 296: "Congregationalists were theologically descended directly from the Puritans of England and consequently enjoyed pride of place as one of the oldest, most numerous, and most significant religious groups in the colonies."
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By the time of the American Revolution there were 40 newspapers in the United States (at a time when there were only two citiesâNew York and Philadelphiaâwith as many as 20,000 people in them). The Puritans also set up a college (now
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pulled from the left. The fragmentation created a collapse of the centre and, ultimately, sealed a political failure, while depositing an enduring spiritual legacy that would remain and grow in English-speaking Christianity.
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writes that the Puritans' standard reputation for "dour prudery" was a "misreading that went unquestioned in the nineteenth century". He said they were in favour of married sexuality, and opposed the Catholic veneration of
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continued to promote presbyterianism through the formation of unofficial clerical conferences that allowed Puritan clergymen to organise and network. This covert Puritan network was discovered and dismantled during the
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in 1660, when Puritan legislation was declared null and void, Christmas was again freely celebrated in England. Christmas was outlawed in Boston from 1659. The ban was revoked in 1681 by the English-appointed governor
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and witchesâpersons in league with the devil. "Unexplained phenomena such as the death of livestock, human disease, and hideous fits suffered by young and old" may all be blamed on the agency of the devil or a witch.
1183:, but largely sided with his bishops. He was well informed on theological matters by his education and Scottish upbringing, and he dealt shortly with the peevish legacy of Elizabethan Puritanism, pursuing an
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centuries in North America and Britain. The Congregational churches, widely considered to be a part of the Reformed tradition, are descended from the Puritans. Moreover, Puritan beliefs are enshrined in the
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practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant. Puritanism played a significant role in English and early American history, especially during
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and with the Church of England's toleration of certain practices associated with the Roman Catholic Church. They formed and identified with various religious groups advocating greater purity of worship and
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was run along Presbyterian lines but never became a national Presbyterian church, such as existed in Scotland. England was not the theocratic state which leading Puritans had called for as "godly rule".
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eschatology was related to sanctification, assurance of salvation, and the conversion experience. On a larger level, eschatology was the lens through which events such as the English Civil War and the
1105:, church authorities attempted and failed to enforce the use of clerical vestments. While never a mass movement, the Puritans had the support and protection of powerful patrons in the aristocracy.
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Puritanism had a historical importance over a period of a century, followed by fifty years of development in New England. It changed character and emphasis nearly decade by decade over that time.
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as well as souls: and Charles I and his government, if not allied to the forces of the Counter-Reformation, at least appeared to have set themselves identical economic and political objectives.
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than all the other witch-hunters in England of the previous 160 years. In New England, few people were accused and convicted of witchcraft before 1692; there were at most sixteen convictions.
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believed in the autonomy of the local church, which ideally would be a congregation of "visible saints" (meaning those who had experienced conversion). Members would be required to abide by a
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Bounds were not set on enjoying sexuality within the bounds of marriage, as a gift from God. Spouses were disciplined if they did not perform their sexual marital duties, in accordance with
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could read the Bible for themselves. However, the Puritans' emphasis on individual spiritual independence was not always compatible with the community cohesion that was also a strong ideal.
1397:. There followed a period in which schemes of "comprehension" were proposed, under which Presbyterians could be brought back into the Church of England, but nothing resulted from them. The
3190:, who also revoked a Puritan ban on festivities on Saturday nights. Nevertheless, it was not until the mid-19th century that celebrating Christmas became fashionable in the Boston region.
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While most Puritans were members of the Church of England, they were critical of its worship practices. In the 17th century, Sunday worship in the established church took the form of the
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The Puritan conversion experience was commonly described as occurring in discrete phases. It began with a preparatory phase designed to produce contrition for sin through introspection,
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Covenant theology made individual salvation deeply personal. It held that God's predestination was not "impersonal and mechanical" but was a "covenant of grace" that one entered into by
882:
but remained within it, advocating for further reform; they disagreed among themselves about how much further reformation was possible or even necessary. Others, who were later termed "
3313:
Puritans were not opposed to drinking alcohol in moderation. However, alehouses were closely regulated by Puritan-controlled governments in both England and Colonial America. Laws in
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The Puritan movement in England was riven over decades by emigration and inconsistent interpretations of Scripture, as well as some political differences that surfaced at that time.
3481:, who was hanged in Boston for repeatedly defying a Puritan law banning Quakers from the colony. The hanging of Dyer on Boston Common marked the beginning of the end of the Puritan
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opposed the court religious policies and argued that the Dissenters should be allowed to worship separately from the established Church. This position ultimately prevailed when the
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party) were conservatives who supported retaining bishops if those leaders supported reform and agreed to share power with local churches. They also supported the idea of having a
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from 1620 as directly bearing on their denomination, and as a continuation of the religious wars of the previous century, carried on by the English Civil Wars. English historian
8571:
1216:. Most Puritans of this period were non-separating and remained within the Church of England; Separatists who left the Church of England altogether were numerically much fewer.
2879:, a sceptic on witchcraft and possession, attacked Darrell. However, Harsnett was in the minority, and many clergy, not only Puritans, believed in witchcraft and possession.
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could occur and tended to place their own time period near the end. It was expected that tribulation and persecution would increase but eventually the church's enemiesâthe
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3043:(1591â1643), the well educated daughter of a teacher, argued with the established theological orthodoxy, and was forced to leave colonial New England with her followers.
2913:, Puritans instigated the judicial proceedings against the accused and comprised the members of the court that convicted and sentenced the accused. By the time Governor
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were banned in England and the colonies, as was mixed dancing involving men and womenâwhich Mather condemned as "promiscuous dancing"âbecause it was thought to lead to
2890:, the self-proclaimed "Witchfinder General", whose career flourished during Puritan rule, was responsible for accusing over two hundred people of witchcraft, mainly in
1208:
The Puritan movement of Jacobean times became distinctive by adaptation and compromise, with the emergence of "semi-separatism", "moderate puritanism", the writings of
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In the 16th and 17th centuries, thousands of people throughout Europe were accused of being witches and executed. In England and Colonial America, Puritans engaged in
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and church polity, specifically questions relating to the manner of organizing congregations, how individual congregations should relate with one another and whether
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attended two sermons on Sundays and as many weekday sermons and lectures they could find, often traveling for miles. Puritans were distinct for their adherence to
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were Puritans. In the year 1663, 62 per cent of the members of the Royal Society were similarly identified. The Merton Thesis has resulted in continuous debates.
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returning to England to work as clergy and bishops â considered the settlement merely the first step in reforming England's church. The years of exile during the
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and the colony pressed Pynchon to return to England which he did. The censorious nature of the Puritans and the region they inhabited would lead to the phrase "
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was demolishedâand none were allowed to open in Puritan-controlled colonies. In January 1643, actors in London protested against the ban with a pamphlet titled
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of 1692 had a lasting impact on the historical reputation of New England Puritans. Though this witch hunt occurred after Puritans lost political control of the
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867:. Puritans, then, were distinguished for being "more intensely protestant than their protestant neighbors or even the Church of England". As a term of abuse,
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was called for to create a godly nation, while others advocated separation from, or the end of, any established state church entirely in favour of autonomous
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was the only one in Boston, the first school of public instruction in Massachusetts". Boys interested in the ministry were often sent to colleges such as
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was an English lawyer, largely based at Northampton and London. His diary for the period 1637â1641 records in detail the outlook of an educated Puritan.
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have regarded Puritan New England as fundamental to understanding American culture and identity. Puritanism has also been credited with the creation of
3210:. Swearing and blasphemy were illegal. In 1636, Massachusetts made blasphemyâdefined as "a cursing of God by atheism, or the like"âpunishable by death.
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defined Puritanism as "the haunting fear that someone, somewhere, may be happy." Puritans embraced sexuality but placed it in the context of marriage.
3329:(1628), that "this drinking and quaffing of healthes had it origin and birth from Pagans, heathens, and infidels, yea, from the very Deuill himself."
2807:
I had eight birds hatched in one nest; Four cocks there were, and hens the rest. I nursed them up with pain and care, Nor cost nor labour I did spare.
2353:. Therefore, being a Christian could never be reduced to simple "intellectual acknowledgment" of the truth of Christianity. Puritans agreed "that the
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3473:, were executed. The first two of the four Boston martyrs were executed by the Puritans on 27 October 1659, and in memory of this, 27 October is now
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were interpreted. There was also an optimistic aspect to Puritan millennianism; Puritans anticipated a future worldwide religious revival before the
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6130:, pp. 116â117): "On many questions and specially in view of the marriage bed, the Puritans were the indulgent party, ... they were much more
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who were despoiled, imprisoned, starved, whipped, banished from Massachusetts Colony and persecuted to death in the year 1660 for being Quakers".
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Foster, Thomas (October 1999). "Deficient Husbands: Manhood, Sexual Incapacity, and Male Marital Sexuality in Seventeenth-Century New England".
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2666:, but they were against demanding strict conformity or having too much ceremony. In addition, these Puritans called for a renewal of preaching,
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to recognise the importance of freedom of religion. In 1660, one of the most notable victims of the religious intolerance was English Quaker
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3298:. With the end of Puritan rule and the restoration of Charles II, theatre among other arts exploded, and London's oldest operating theatre,
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to the elect and their minds and hearts are regenerated. For some Puritans, this was a dramatic experience and they referred to it as being
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In New England, where Congregationalism was the official religion, the Puritans exhibited intolerance of other religious views, including
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child could only be redeemed through religious education and obedience. Girls carried the additional burden of Eve's corruption and were
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456:
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3088:(founded in 1707). Aspiring lawyers or doctors apprenticed to a local practitioner, or in rare cases were sent to England or Scotland.
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390:
230:
410:
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2987:, it was believed that a thousand-year period (the millennium) would occur, during which the saints would rule with Christ on earth.
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1194:, who was an influential courtier. Puritans still opposed much of the Roman Catholic summation in the Church of England, notably the
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with whom they had much in common. Consequently, they became a major political force in England and came to power as a result of the
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and were cared for in the event of illness or injury. African-American and Indian servants were likely excluded from such benefits.
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sentiment appeared in New England with the first Pilgrim and Puritan settlers. In 1647, Massachusetts passed a law prohibiting any
1505:, 1630â62 from the founding to the Restoration, years of virtual independence and nearly autonomous development; the generation of
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981:. One Puritan settlement in western Massachusetts banished a husband because he refused to fulfill his sexual duties to his wife.
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2739:, would split from the established church and become known as Separatists. Other Separatists embraced more radical positions on
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left implementation to local authorities. As a result, the Church of England never developed a complete presbyterian hierarchy.
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Like the episcopalians, the presbyterians agreed that there should be a national church but one structured on the model of the
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589:
521:
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Maclear, J. F. (April 1975). "New England and the Fifth Monarchy: The Quest for the Millennium in Early American Puritanism".
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The Emergence of Liberty in the Modern World: The Influence of Calvin on Five Governments from the 16th Through 18th Centuries
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which marshals a multitude of ancient and medieval authorities against the "sin" of dramatic performance. Puritan authorities
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was a term applied not to just one group but to many. Historians still debate a precise definition of Puritanism. Originally,
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While the Puritans were united in their goal of furthering the English Reformation, they were always divided over issues of
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2607:). Church organs were commonly damaged or destroyed in the Civil War period, such as when an axe was taken to the organ of
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churches. The nature of the Puritan movement in England changed radically. In New England, it retained its character for a
125:
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The Actors remonstrance or complaint for the silencing of their profession, and banishment from their severall play-houses
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Most congregational Puritans remained within the Church of England, hoping to reform it according to their own views. The
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The Application of the Faith of the Westminster Assembly in the Ministry of the Welsh Puritan, Vavasor Powell (1617â1670)
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By the late 1630s, Puritans were in alliance with the growing commercial world, with the parliamentary opposition to the
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Confirming that such a conversion had actually happened often required prolonged and continual introspection. Historian
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7332:
7233:
7212:
7180:
7157:
7122:
7101:
7066:
7033:
6835:
6785:
6764:
6737:
6718:
6388:
5453:
2540:
on behalf of infants, and give that responsibility to the child's father. Puritans also objected to priests making the
2467:. Many Puritans relied on both personal religious experience and self-examination to assess their spiritual condition.
1997:
1366:
constitution with only minor changes, and the Puritans found themselves sidelined. A traditional estimate of historian
1175:
of 1603 for reform of the English church, but James wanted a religious settlement along different lines. He called the
1071:
626:
7714:
3169:. Puritans strongly condemned the celebration of Christmas, considering it a Catholic invention and the "trappings of
2794:... together for a time as copartners in grace here, they may reigne together forever as coheires in glory hereafter.
2690:
9302:
7644:
7621:
7271:
6980:
6634:
6599:
4648:
4619:
4567:
4506:
3667:
2759:
1652:
1343:
1225:
240:
6413:
4327:
1497:
Puritan hegemony lasted for at least a century. That century can be broken down into three parts: the generation of
9080:
8979:
8438:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7821:
5214:
4333:
3844:
3839:
3511:
1398:
1010:
395:
350:
5738:
9165:
8895:
8634:
8591:
8474:
8464:
8274:
8237:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7876:
6134:
than their adversaries . The idea that a Puritan was a repressed and repressive person would have astonished Sir
5776:
5623:
2365:
2294:
and unable to fulfill the covenant of works, since each person inevitably violated God's law as expressed in the
1745:
1667:
1296:
1275:
894:
was so corrupt that true Christians should separate from it altogether. In its widest historical sense, the term
265:
4372:
9510:
9479:
9447:
9274:
9193:
8624:
8394:
8310:
8201:
6878:
6457:
3769:
was a Puritan woman noted for speaking freely about her religious views, which resulted in her banishment from
2935:
has been placed in the broader context of European Reformed beliefs about the millennium and interpretation of
2740:
2376:. Early on, Puritans did not consider a specific conversion experience normative or necessary, but many gained
2227:, and the relationship between God and mankind. They believed that all of their beliefs should be based on the
2179:
2007:
1990:
1130:
6893:
The Birthpangs of Protestant England: Religious and Cultural Change in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
6040:
3213:
Puritans were opposed to Sunday sport or recreation because these distracted from religious observance of the
9469:
9459:
9223:
8880:
8678:
8648:
8489:
8340:
8293:
8031:
3743:
3458:
were the most active of the New England persecutors of Quakers, and the persecuting spirit was shared by the
3272:
and its associations with depravity and prostitutionâLondon's theatres were located on the south side of the
2910:
2681:. They wanted to replace bishops with a system of elective and representative governing bodies of clergy and
1887:
1750:
1703:
1412:
901:
Puritans should not be confused with other radical Protestant groups of the 16th and 17th centuries, such as
883:
745:
481:
140:
2219:
tradition. While Puritans did not agree on all doctrinal points, most shared similar views on the nature of
1067:
9530:
9525:
8658:
6558:
5713:
3820:
3614:
2255:
2169:
1847:
1755:
1379:
1199:
3364:" being coined in the late 19th century, a phrase which was applied to Boston up to the mid-20th century.
2423:, but cast them on the iron couch of introspection". It was expected that conversion would be followed by
1378:" came to include "Puritan", but more accurately described those (clergy or lay) who "dissented" from the
9022:
8668:
8653:
8639:
8546:
8536:
8026:
7769:
5815:
5208:
4640:
3287:
2895:
2525:
2484:
2439:
2333:
made possible the covenant of grace, by which those selected by God could be saved. Puritans believed in
2306:
2279:
1977:
1672:
1657:
1280:
914:
684:(as were many of their earlier opponents). In church polity, Puritans were divided between supporters of
3727:
9520:
8673:
8541:
8345:
3349:
2960:
2851:
as evil forces that could possess and cause harm to men and women. There was also widespread belief in
2373:
2097:
1209:
542:
74:
17:
6711:
The Contribution of British Writers Between 1560 and 1830 to the Interpretation of Revelation 13.16â18
3807:(minister) was the key adviser to Oliver Cromwell on matters of religion and regulation of the Church.
2999:
of Christ. Another departure from other Protestants was the widespread belief among Puritans that the
1274:
was called in 1643, assembling clergy of the Church of England. The Assembly was able to agree to the
9452:
8935:
8399:
8289:
6454:
Catholic Higher Education in Protestant America: The Jesuits and Harvard in the Age of the University
5416:
3692:
3650:
3625:
To the heightened Puritan imagination it seemed that, all over Europe, the lamps were going out: the
3299:
2686:
2490:
2318:
2132:
1645:
1411:
in 1689. This permitted the licensing of Dissenting ministers and the building of chapels. The term "
1367:
1328:
1138:
of the 1580s. For the remainder of Elizabeth's reign, Puritans ceased to agitate for further reform.
832:
563:
549:
370:
175:
150:
6092:
Banned in Boston: The Watch and Ward Society's Crusade against Books, Burlesque, and the Social Evil
3405:
became private acts, not guarantees of legal rights, which provided greater equality to dissenters.
3237:
because they involved unnecessary injury to God's creatures. For similar reasons, they also opposed
2524:. In Puritan theology, infant baptism was understood in terms of covenant theologyâbaptism replaced
9474:
9442:
9337:
9017:
8830:
8323:
8259:
3810:
3770:
3455:
3410:
3020:
2952:
2860:
2520:. However, the effect of baptism was disputed. Puritans objected to the prayer book's assertion of
1892:
1693:
1466:
1312:
1213:
1176:
813:
506:
375:
300:
31:
8858:
3489:
explicitly forbade Massachusetts from executing anyone for professing Quakerism. In 1684, England
8745:
8685:
8561:
8443:
8242:
7844:
6923:
Craig, John (2008), "The Growth of English Puritanism", in Coffey, John; Lim, Paul C. H. (eds.),
6866:
4990:
4108:
3015:
2971:. Protestant theologians identified the sequential phases the world must pass through before the
2568:, believing that in the Lord's Supper the faithful receive Christ spiritually. In agreement with
2385:
2369:
2310:
1630:
1191:
990:
728:
145:
4326:
9515:
9405:
9292:
8910:
8531:
8452:
8428:
7860:
7783:
3798:
3681:
3671:
3533:
3495:
3396:
3214:
2720:
2521:
2506:
2446:
2334:
1872:
1807:
1677:
1498:
1487:
1442:
1402:
1358:
1324:
1135:
1118:
1018:
978:
821:
817:
739:
709:
619:
466:
340:
185:
135:
70:
7378:
7023:
6681:
6337:
4001:
763:
Puritanism was never a formally defined religious division within Protestantism, and the term
9400:
9342:
9233:
9228:
9106:
9100:
8900:
8448:
8413:
8318:
8232:
8014:
7755:
6966:
6591:
5819:
5443:
3751:
3586:
continue to be read and studied as important figures within English and American literature.
3563:
3549:
3486:
3390:
3117:
3025:
2959:. Like most English Protestants of the time, Puritans based their eschatological views on an
2926:
2844:
2744:
2716:
2702:
2663:
2652:
2573:
2432:
2401:
2350:
2314:
2259:
2019:
1902:
1817:
1740:
1558:
1393:. The government initially attempted to suppress these schismatic organisations by using the
1285:
1122:
1102:
1047:
749:
693:
584:
427:
335:
310:
3597:
The analysis of "mainstream Puritanism" in terms of the evolution from it of Separatist and
1513:
to the Glorious Revolution, years of struggle with the British crown; and the generation of
9390:
9347:
9297:
9085:
9037:
9032:
9007:
8843:
8797:
8700:
8690:
8526:
8519:
8370:
8284:
8056:
8046:
8009:
7670:
5252:
3610:
3101:
2992:
2834:
2706:
2377:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2232:
2216:
2087:
2072:
1723:
1713:
1708:
1462:
1271:
1235:
1126:
943:
713:
295:
64:
3493:, sent over a royal governor to enforce English laws in 1686 and, in 1689, passed a broad
875:
called themselves terms such as "the godly", "saints", "professors", or "God's children".
8:
9505:
9414:
9395:
9135:
9130:
9057:
8775:
8750:
8629:
8609:
8556:
8457:
8355:
8252:
8220:
8164:
7759:
6945:
6036:
5970:"From pandemics to puritans: when theatre shut down through history and how it recovered"
5942:
4586:
Infamous Scribblers: The Founding Fathers and the Rowdy Beginnings of American Journalism
4498:
4392:
3723:
3626:
3356:. Published in London in 1650, when the book reached Boston it was immediately burned on
3256:
that did not involve close contact between men and women was considered appropriate. The
3077:
2852:
2840:
2648:
2608:
2220:
2047:
1408:
1349:
1308:
1239:
1110:
1014:
947:
879:
689:
664:
105:
6871:
The Story of Liberty: So You Will Comprehend What Liberty Has Cost, and What It Is Worth
6797:"New England's Puritan Century: Three Generations of Continuity in the City upon a Hill"
4393:
Leaving England: The Social Background of Indentured Servants in the Seventeenth Century
3740:
was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and an important military leader.
3712:
was the first female to have her works published in the British North American colonies.
712:
became more prominent in the 1640s, when the supporters of a presbyterian polity in the
9362:
9112:
9042:
8959:
8947:
8924:
8720:
8494:
8335:
8279:
8269:
8071:
7855:
7564:
7556:
7468:
7398:
7371:
7298:
7260:
7201:
7169:
7146:
7007:
6581:
6090:
5730:
4460:
3760:
3182:
3121:
3081:
2964:
2956:
2906:
2864:
2678:
2604:
2549:
2341:âGod's grace was given freely without condition to the elect and could not be refused.
2338:
2247:
2102:
1957:
1942:
1852:
1822:
1762:
1550:
1530:
1375:
1289:
1180:
1168:
1022:
887:
735:
724:
705:
697:
380:
325:
320:
275:
200:
130:
8433:
5445:
The Making and Unmaking of Empires: Britain, India, and the United States C. 1750â1783
1962:
1319:. The membership of the Assembly was strongly weighted towards the Presbyterians, but
9500:
9287:
9206:
9201:
9155:
9095:
8964:
8760:
8145:
8066:
8004:
7702:
7692:
7640:
7617:
7600:
7568:
7518:
7487:
7437:
7430:
7405:
7382:
7353:
People and a Nation: A History of the United States, Volume 1: To 1877, Brief Edition
7328:
7267:
7229:
7225:
The Greenian Moment: T.H. Green, Religion and Political Argument in Victorian Britain
7208:
7176:
7153:
7118:
7097:
7090:
7062:
7029:
6976:
6952:
6930:
6897:
6887:
6874:
6852:
6831:
6801:
6781:
6760:
6733:
6714:
6691:
6666:
6630:
6595:
6541:
6384:
6341:
6101:
5671:
5449:
5244:
5207:
4644:
4615:
4590:
4584:
4563:
4502:
4007:
3590:
3463:
3447:
3174:
2940:
2936:
2872:
2671:
2577:
2557:
2553:
2541:
2361:
of God would always come as an individuated personal encounter with God's promises".
2354:
2271:
2239:
2024:
1972:
1952:
1927:
1867:
1837:
1718:
1635:
1510:
1363:
1247:
1079:
918:
910:
891:
769:
720:
677:
648:
612:
597:
405:
330:
315:
270:
43:
9150:
7725:
7114:
Paradise Postponed: Johann Heinrich Alsted and the Birth of Calvinist Millenarianism
3132:, and early experimental science. As an example, seven of 10 nucleus members of the
1356:
was called to determine a new religious settlement for England and Wales. Under the
1089:
Yet, the main complaint Puritans had was the requirement that clergy wear the white
9047:
8987:
8375:
8360:
8061:
8041:
8036:
8019:
7999:
7548:
7460:
7290:
6999:
6473:"Lowell Textile Institute, Lowell, MA. Dedication plaque for Southwick Hall. (002)"
6470:
6131:
5722:
4452:
3787:
3731:
3661:
3654:
3642:
3506:
3416:
3361:
3303:
3244:
While card playing by itself was generally considered acceptable, card playing and
3105:
2944:
2705:, the presbyterians had limited success at reorganizing the Church of England. The
2644:
2561:
2295:
1947:
1877:
1802:
1781:
1735:
1571:
1353:
1304:
1250:, a radical millenarian wing of Puritanism, aided by strident, popular clergy like
1075:
1056:
809:
685:
657:
438:
7362:
Separated by Their Sex: Women in Public and Private in the Colonial Atlantic World
2463:, and too much emphasis on subjective religious experience could be criticized as
2215:
broadly refers to a diverse religious reform movement in Britain committed to the
1254:, agitated from the right wing of the movement, even as sectarian groups like the
9420:
9322:
9260:
9002:
8953:
8499:
8154:
7804:
7684:
7678:
7481:
7112:
7056:
6924:
6891:
6846:
6775:
6748:
6687:
6585:
6333:
6327:
6312:
4559:
4399:
4379:
4229:
3766:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3646:
3630:
3579:
3459:
3345:
3340:
on Boston Common after it was deemed blasphemous by the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
3178:
3085:
3040:
2887:
2876:
2800:
2767:
2724:
2710:
2640:
2459:
Too much emphasis on one's good works could be criticized for being too close to
2358:
2242:
was central to their beliefs. With roots in the writings of Reformed theologians
2067:
2002:
1506:
1434:
1320:
1013:
of 1559 established the Church of England as a Protestant church and brought the
701:
652:
496:
486:
471:
461:
6929:, Cambridge Companions to Religion, Cambridge University Press, pp. 34â47,
3276:, which was a center of prostitution. A major Puritan attack on the theatre was
1238:, which saw disputes on Church polity in England (Victorian history painting by
9424:
9410:
9385:
9380:
9171:
9145:
9075:
8890:
8792:
8787:
8770:
8710:
8604:
8551:
8380:
8300:
8149:
7800:
7688:
7636:
3854:
3470:
3322:
3307:
3277:
3218:
3073:
3004:
2980:
2968:
2787:
2569:
2537:
2529:
2517:
2516:: baptism and the Lord's Supper. Puritans agreed with the church's practice of
2471:
2424:
2263:
2057:
1932:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1882:
1857:
1728:
1502:
1415:" generally replaced the term "Dissenter" from the middle of the 18th century.
1394:
1390:
1371:
1251:
1164:
1094:
854:
825:
805:
793:
511:
345:
1179:
in 1604, and heard the teachings of four prominent Puritan leaders, including
9494:
9327:
9264:
9253:
9140:
9027:
8930:
8918:
8782:
8755:
8695:
8174:
7994:
7706:
7674:
7604:
6662:
6139:
4938:
4907:
4067:
3849:
3816:
3781:
3756:
3737:
3677:
3583:
3502:
3435:
3357:
3318:
3314:
3291:
3282:
3265:
3199:
3195:
3187:
3133:
3097:
3061:
2996:
2984:
2972:
2932:
2914:
2667:
2624:
2464:
2251:
2158:
2092:
2082:
1907:
1897:
1862:
1842:
1612:
1583:
1575:
1518:
1514:
1482:
1458:
1300:
1063:
974:
961:
956:
846:
845:
was a pejorative term characterizing certain Protestant groups as extremist.
797:
556:
516:
491:
476:
446:
305:
205:
195:
190:
180:
95:
3601:
groups that did not flourish, and others that continue to this day, such as
3325:, the most rabid of the Puritan anti-toasters, wrote a book on the subject,
2643:
were scriptural. On these questions, Puritans divided between supporters of
1078:. Some Puritans refused to bow on hearing the name of Jesus, or to make the
863:
9352:
9282:
9160:
8969:
8940:
8807:
8504:
8247:
8206:
7591:
Watras, Joseph (2008). "Education and Evangelism in the English Colonies".
7486:. Studies in Modern British Religious History. Vol. 6. Boydell Press.
6753:
Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia
6701:
6617:
6418:
6398:
6355:
6097:
5798:
5780:
The Lives of the Lords Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of England
5693:
5471:
4233:
4029:
3618:
3541:
3273:
3234:
3065:
2868:
2781:
2636:
2599:
because these were associated with Roman Catholicism; however, singing the
2584:
2412:
2291:
2275:
2267:
2154:
2077:
1967:
1812:
1698:
1602:
1566:
1438:
1083:
1038:
789:
753:
400:
90:
7813:
7773:
7171:
The Literary Culture of Nonconformity in Later Seventeenth-Century England
5762:
Blasphemy: Verbal Offense Against the Sacred, from Moses to Salman Rushdie
2917:
ended the trials, fourteen women and five men had been hanged as witches.
2564:
of the Lord's Supper. Instead, Puritans embraced the Reformed doctrine of
1125:
were blocked by the Queen. Despite such setbacks, Puritan leaders such as
8992:
8853:
8824:
8765:
8740:
8735:
8599:
8514:
8408:
8389:
8098:
7289:(2). Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 223â260.
7255:
7092:
The World Turned Upside Down: Radical Ideas During the English Revolution
6135:
3794:
3776:
3747:
3687:
3575:
3571:
3373:
3337:
3249:
3230:
3226:
3166:
3125:
2948:
2891:
2812:
2589:
2460:
2287:
2282:
in return for perfect obedience; this promise was termed the covenant of
2243:
2029:
1827:
1607:
1579:
1316:
1098:
1034:
801:
644:
501:
451:
120:
115:
100:
3734:. He was a very religious man and was considered an independent Puritan.
3589:
A debate continues on the definition of "Puritanism". English historian
3384:
Puritan rule in England was marked by limited religious toleration. The
3372:
the basis of male impotence. Puritans publicly punished drunkenness and
9372:
9122:
9070:
8875:
8705:
8350:
8179:
8123:
8118:
7560:
7421:
Female Piety in Puritan New England the Emergence of Religious Humanism
7302:
7011:
6646:
Evangelicalism in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s
6472:
5816:"Historian Reveals that Cromwellian Christmas Football Rebels Ran Riot"
5734:
5708:
4464:
4322:
3859:
3804:
3598:
3567:
3253:
2976:
2883:
2817:
2533:
2416:
2405:
2283:
2052:
1937:
1446:
1292:. In England, the Standards were contested by Independents up to 1660.
681:
7733:
Jeremiah's Scribes: Creating Sermon Literature in Puritan New England.
7472:
6306:
Mary Dyer of Rhode Island: The Quaker Martyr That Was Hanged on Boston
3779:
is regarded as among the greatest English poets; author of epics like
3522:
3426:
3144:
2501:, and the use of written, set prayers in place of improvised prayers.
9367:
9317:
9243:
9238:
9012:
8997:
8725:
8715:
8418:
8404:
8128:
7534:"Vertuous Women Found: New England Ministerial Literature, 1668â1735"
7019:
6649:
5403:
The School upon a Hill: Education and Society in Colonial New England
4480:
The School upon a Hill: Education and Society in Colonial New England
3553:
3545:
3482:
3478:
3431:
3401:
3352:, Massachusetts, wrote a critique of Puritanical Calvinism, entitled
3332:
3158:
3109:
3076:
instructor to prepare promising boys for college. Philemon Pormort's
2619:
2513:
2397:
2389:
2299:
2207:
2062:
1832:
1587:
1475:
1259:
1172:
1026:
970:
965:
110:
7552:
7294:
7003:
5726:
5607:
The English Revolution and the Wars in the Three Kingdoms, 1638-1652
4456:
4414:
The Puritan Experiment: New England Society from Bradford to Edwards
3813:
was an influential Puritan minister, teacher and founder of Newbury.
1284:
was made official in 1645, and the larger framework (now called the
1212:(who adopted the term "Puritan" for himself), and the beginnings of
9211:
8730:
8509:
8423:
8169:
8159:
8113:
8108:
8103:
7464:
7324:
6756:
6380:
4076:
Puritanism: The haunting fear that someone, somewhere, may be happy
4003:
A Layman's Guide To: Why Are There So Many Christian Denominations?
3823:" and as a leading figure in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
3602:
3245:
2748:
2736:
2498:
2164:
1471:
1090:
1052:
951:
934:
669:
7451:
Spencer, Ivor Debenham (December 1935). "Christmas, the Upstart".
4440:
2528:
as a sign of the covenant and marked a child's admission into the
1429:
1327:
who imposed his doctrines upon them. The Church of England of the
9248:
9178:
8838:
8802:
6414:"America's dark and not-very-distant history of hating Catholics"
4288:
3606:
3510:
anti-slavery Quaker senator and manufacturer and a descendant of
3451:
3269:
3203:
3129:
2899:
2659:
2420:
2250:, covenant theology was further developed by Puritan theologians
2238:
The concept of covenant was extremely important to Puritans, and
1263:
1184:
1042:
1033:. Nevertheless, it preserved certain characteristics of medieval
1030:
906:
902:
784:
6851:. Cambridge Companions to Religion. Cambridge University Press.
5251:. American Historical Association 1911 (reissued 1965) New York
3617:
writes of the 1630s, old church lands, and the accusations that
3057:
2764:
The Snake in the Grass or Satan Transform'd to an Angel of Light
1190:
Many of James's episcopal appointments were Calvinists, notably
913:, who believed that individuals could be directly guided by the
8264:
8184:
8051:
7741:
Hot Protestants: A History of Puritanism in England and America
3443:
3257:
3238:
3170:
3162:
3149:
2600:
1255:
1114:
734:
Almost all Puritan clergy left the Church of England after the
4337:. Vol. 51. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 63â65.
1021:(r. 1558â1603), the Church of England was widely considered a
8812:
6439:
Crime and Punishment: The Colonial Period to the New Frontier
5850:
4537:
4535:
4533:
3420:
3415:
were excluded. No one was executed for their religion during
3207:
2848:
2694:
2682:
2428:
2415:
wrote that the Puritans "liberated men from the treadmill of
2393:
2228:
1278:
doctrinally, a consistent Reformed theological position. The
922:
773:
673:
6218:
Chicago Whispers: A History of LGBT Chicago before Stonewall
5188:
3797:
was an influential Puritan minister, teacher and founder of
3241:. These sports were illegal in England during Puritan rule.
1370:
is that around 2,400 Puritan clergy left the Church in the "
6282:
6260:
6258:
5038:
4681:
3336:
19th-century portrayal of the burning of William Pynchon's
6224:
6174:
6172:
6157:
5575:. Vol. 35, no. 12. pp. 7â14. Archived from
5295:
5055:
5053:
4785:
4783:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4530:
4520:
4518:
4240:
3922:
The Historic Church: An Orthodox View of Christian History
3217:. In an attempt to offset the strictness of the Puritans,
3128:
between the rise of English Puritanism, as well as German
2580:
to ensure that the unworthy were kept from the sacrament.
2470:
Puritanism's experiential piety would be inherited by the
871:
was not used by Puritans themselves. Those referred to as
663:
Puritans were dissatisfied with the limited extent of the
7058:
The Bible, Protestantism, and the Rise of Natural Science
6491:
6471:
UMass Lowell Libraries Archives and Special Collections.
5089:
5065:
2224:
6270:
6255:
6243:
6191:
5667:
Merry Christmas!: Celebrating America's Greatest Holiday
5647:
5645:
5569:"Lords of Misrule: The Puritan War on Christmas 1642â60"
5538:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5164:
4810:
4139:
3928:
3317:
in 1634 banned the "abominable" practice of individuals
3064:, influential New England Puritan minister, portrait by
2709:
proposed the creation of a presbyterian system, but the
6169:
5583:
5548:
5358:
5312:
5310:
5271:
5259:
5142:
5140:
5050:
5016:
5014:
5012:
4851:
4849:
4800:
4798:
4780:
4770:
4768:
4746:
4734:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4693:
4657:
4614:. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. pp. 230â236.
4515:
4420:
4341:
9430:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
6145:
6033:"Cheers: Celebration Drinking Is an Ancient Tradition"
5889:
5346:
5334:
5322:
4961:
4959:
4918:
4916:
4885:
4873:
4822:
4190:
4178:
4168:
4166:
2939:, for which representative figures of the period were
1219:
853:, dates the first use of the word to 1564. Archbishop
7517:. Social History in Perspective. Palgrave MacMillan.
6947:
A Little Commonwealth; Family Life in Plymouth Colony
6010:
5901:
5862:
5838:
5642:
5529:
5508:
5487:
5283:
5101:
3877:
3570:
in Europe and North America. Puritan authors such as
3552:
to the rise of democracy. In the early 20th century,
2556:) teachings that Christ is physically present in the
878:"Non-separating Puritans" were dissatisfied with the
647:
in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the
6503:
5307:
5249:
A History of Witchcraft In England from 1558 to 1718
5176:
5152:
5137:
5113:
5077:
5026:
5009:
4971:
4846:
4795:
4765:
4717:
4705:
4669:
4036:
3971:
3969:
3889:
2979:(identified with the Roman Catholic Church) and the
1574:
in Geneva, featuring prominent Reformed theologians
1299:, on the other hand, were divided over questions of
1121:. But all attempts to enact further reforms through
788:
Gallery of famous 17th-century Puritan theologians:
716:
were unable to forge a new English national church.
7735:
Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
7321:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life in America
6627:
The American Christmas: A Study in National Culture
6220:. University of Wisconsin Press. 2012. p. 248.
5382:
4991:"Worcester Cathedral welcomes you to their Website"
4956:
4944:
4913:
4861:
4834:
4353:
4202:
4163:
4151:
3680:was an influential Puritan minister and founder of
2894:. Between 1644 and 1647, Hopkins and his colleague
2843:, Puritans believed in the active existence of the
1062:Many English Protestants â especially those former
7764:. Belfast, North of Ireland Bk. Tract Depository.
7663:Lay Empowerment and the Development of Puritanism.
7429:
7397:
7370:
7259:
7200:
7168:
7145:
7089:
6944:
6089:
6063:"Springfield's 375th: From Puritans to presidents"
5935:
5922:Writing the History of the British Stage 1660-1900
5370:
5229:Robbins, Rossell Hope (1959). "Hopkins, Matthew".
4300:
4252:
4127:
4048:
3981:
2305:Puritans shared with other Calvinists a belief in
2274:. Covenant theology asserts that when God created
7715:American Protestant Theology: A Historical Sketch
7432:Being Good: Women's Moral Values in Early America
6809:(1). The Conference on Faith and History: 41â58.
6397:from the original on 26 January 2018 – via
5721:(6). American Sociological Association: 766â776.
5618:
5616:
5125:
4276:
4115:
3966:
3940:
3559:The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
9492:
7310:Miller, Perry; Johnson, Thomas H., eds. (2014).
4264:
3438:, 1 June 1660, by an unknown 19th century artist
2364:The process by which the elect are brought from
2143:North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council
1362:, the Church of England was restored to its pre-
1337:
696:polities. Some believed a uniform reform of the
7633:The Sacraments in Protestant Practice and Faith
7483:Puritan Iconoclasm During the English Civil War
7459:(4). The New England Quarterly, Inc.: 498â517.
7373:The Holy Spirit in Puritan Faith and Experience
6972:Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America
6747:Bremer, Francis J.; Webster, Tom, eds. (2006).
4060:
2597:musical instruments in their religious services
932:often means "against pleasure". In such usage,
6683:Historical Dictionary of the Reformed Churches
6679:
6329:Historical Dictionary of the Friends (Quakers)
6235:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMather1663â1728 (
5613:
4993:. Worcestercathedral.co.uk. 20 February 2010.
4294:
3655:Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland
1303:and split into factions supporting a reformed
30:"Puritan" redirects here. For other uses, see
9541:History of Christianity in the United Kingdom
7829:
7309:
6746:
6730:Anne Hutchinson: Troubler of the Puritan Zion
6376:Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America
6354:from the original on 10 May 2016 – via
5856:
5759:
5478:
5231:The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft and Demonology
5194:
3934:
3759:was a Puritan minister and co-founder of the
3732:Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland
3003:to Christianity was an important sign of the
2828:
2187:
2138:International Conference of Reformed Churches
1449:, so their churches were unadorned and plain.
620:
9546:History of Christianity in the United States
7404:. Berkeley, University of California Press.
7312:The Puritans: A Sourcebook of Their Writings
7025:The Bourgeois Experience: The Tender Passion
6845:Coffey, John; Lim, Paul C. H., eds. (2008).
6680:Benedetto, Robert; McKim, Donald K. (2010).
5810:
5808:
4373:The Puritans: A Sourcebook of Their Writings
1418:
744:. Many continued to practice their faith in
7843:
7418:
6325:
6230:
6202:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrompton1976 (
6183:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrandell1997 (
5600:
5598:
5218:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885â1900.
5095:
5071:
4937:, "The True Meaning of the Lord's Supper",
4102:
4096:
2329:salvation. According to covenant theology,
1533:) only six years after arriving in Boston.
1187:religious policy, in which he was arbiter.
7836:
7822:
6656:
6643:
6587:A Religious History of the American People
6452:Mahoney, Kathleen A. (10 September 2003).
6027:
6025:
5499:
4934:
4903:
4816:
4589:. New York: Public Affairs. pp. 6â7.
4556:Debating the Issues in Colonial Newspapers
4492:
4228:. Vol. 1. p. 246. Archived from
3034:New England Puritan culture and recreation
2194:
2180:
973:(associated with the Virgin Mary), citing
627:
613:
58:
7203:Godly Rule: Politics and Religion 1603â60
6886:
6844:
6794:
6525:
6497:
6288:
6276:
6264:
6249:
5924:. Cambridge University Press. p. 64.
5880:
5805:
4879:
4426:
4317:
4315:
4145:
4090:Stanley Cavell on Aesthetic Understanding
3791:. He was a staunch supporter of Cromwell.
3562:that Calvinist self-denial resulted in a
3139:
3100:is an argument about the nature of early
3053:History of education in the United States
2478:
2270:and, most fully by Ames's Dutch student,
1070:had exposed them to the practices of the
1005:History of the Puritans under Elizabeth I
998:
890:", or "separating Puritans", thought the
7479:
7266:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
7221:
7054:
6665: ed.). Reformation Heritage Books.
6580:
6369:
6367:
6365:
6197:
6178:
5774:
5670:. Harvard University Press. p. 44.
5595:
5493:
5441:
5059:
5044:
4789:
4759:
4740:
4687:
4663:
4553:
4402:", The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.
4347:
3999:
3883:
3641:
3521:
3425:
3331:
3143:
3056:
3014:
3010:
2758:
2618:
1481:
1428:
1425:History of the Puritans in North America
1325:independent Congregationalist Separatist
1229:
783:
776:held by the Congregationalist churches.
27:Subclass of English Reformed Protestants
9254:Fostering of early experimental science
7782:
7738:
7668:
7450:
7377:. University of Chicago Press. p.
7368:
7280:
7143:
7117:. Springer Science and Business Media.
6965:
6624:
6451:
6411:
6299:
6297:
6022:
5885:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 30.
5706:
5663:
5651:
5604:
5589:
5566:
5554:
5448:. Oxford University Press. p. 30.
5352:
5340:
5328:
5301:
5107:
4634:
4541:
4359:
4087:
4066:
4042:
3379:
3354:The Meritorious Price of Our Redemption
2548:Puritans rejected both Roman Catholic (
1509:, 1662â89 from the Restoration and the
1148:History of the Puritans under Charles I
14:
9561:Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom
9493:
9358:Fundamentalist â Modernist controversy
7799:
7768:
7590:
7531:
7427:
7359:
7350:
7341:
7318:
7198:
7166:
7110:
6989:
6865:
6825:
6773:
6727:
6509:
6426:from the original on 30 December 2016.
6163:
6151:
6087:
5919:
5907:
5895:
5868:
5844:
5826:from the original on 28 September 2020
5775:Campbell, John Campbell Baron (1851).
5542:
5523:
5400:
5388:
5376:
5364:
5316:
5289:
5277:
5265:
5182:
5158:
5146:
5119:
5083:
5032:
5020:
4977:
4855:
4804:
4774:
4728:
4711:
4699:
4675:
4524:
4477:
4438:
4411:
4382:". Perry Miller and Thomas H. Johnson.
4312:
4306:
4258:
4133:
3919:
3907:
3895:
2400:, when the righteousness of Christ is
1641:Republication of the Covenant of Works
1457:, particularly from 1629 to 1640 (the
1152:
1141:
1097:. Puritan clergymen preferred to wear
9566:Presbyterianism in the United Kingdom
9556:Anti-Catholicism in the United States
7817:
7722:The Puritans: A Transatlantic History
7630:
7512:
7395:
7254:
7189:
6951:. New York: Oxford University Press.
6942:
6926:The Cambridge Companion to Puritanism
6922:
6848:The Cambridge Companion to Puritanism
6777:Puritanism: A Very Short Introduction
6708:
6659:A Puritan Theology: Doctrine for Life
6537:
6521:
6362:
6127:
5980:from the original on 31 December 2020
5423:from the original on 27 November 2020
5170:
5131:
4965:
4950:
4922:
4891:
4867:
4840:
4828:
4609:
4582:
4441:"The Political Ideas of the Puritans"
4282:
4246:
4208:
4196:
4184:
4172:
4157:
4054:
3987:
3975:
3962:. Scarecrow Press. 2008. p. 250.
3946:
3290:in the 1640s and 1650sâShakespeare's
3091:
2867:in some high-profile cases. Exorcist
2595:Puritans eliminated choral music and
1159:History of the Puritans under James I
1117:would be replaced with government by
1025:church, and Calvinists held the best
156:17th-century denominations in England
7754:
7611:
7593:American Educational History Journal
7578:from the original on 4 November 2018
7423:. New York: Oxford University Press.
7400:John Foxe and the Elizabethan Church
7087:
6657:Beeke, Joel R.; Jones, Mark (2012).
6557:
6441:. Discovery Enterprises. p. 24.
6294:
6069:from the original on 2 November 2013
6016:
5950:from the original on 11 January 2022
5883:The Encyclopedia of World Folk Dance
5684:from the original on 21 January 2023
5630:from the original on 2 February 2018
5609:. Taylor & Francis. p. 329.
5228:
4439:Osgood, Herbert L. (7 August 1891).
4270:
4220:
2512:Puritans taught that there were two
2298:. As sinners, every person deserved
2128:World Communion of Reformed Churches
1771:Institutes of the Christian Religion
1374:" of 1662. At this point, the term "
950:described the vain, pompous killjoy
880:Reformation of the Church of England
672:, as well as personal and corporate
126:Arminianism in the Church of England
7665:New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
7364:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
7018:
6436:
5624:"When Christmas carols were banned"
4997:from the original on 23 August 2010
4637:The American College and University
4321:
4121:
3637:
3532:, a late 19th-century sculpture by
3475:International Religious Freedom Day
3423:-strikes against the state church.
2431:and sanctification. These included
1492:Funerary art in Puritan New England
1220:Fragmentation and political failure
861:with a sense similar to the modern
704:, called-out from the world. These
24:
7680:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
7655:
6813:from the original on 9 August 2022
6795:Carpenter, John B. (Winter 2003).
6412:Carroll, Rory (25 February 2016).
5741:from the original on 10 March 2022
4328:"Calamy, Edmund (1671â1732)"
3629:was winning back property for the
3566:that nurtured the development of
3306:, opened in 1663. The puppet show
2803:reflects on her role as a mother:
2396:âthat the person would experience
2313:) were destined by God to receive
1517:, 1689â1728 from the overthrow of
1465:), supporting the founding of the
1167:to the English throne brought the
25:
9577:
7806:The Bruised Reed and Smoking Flax
7761:The Plain Man's Pathway to Heaven
7500:from the original on 4 April 2023
7242:from the original on 4 April 2023
7131:from the original on 4 April 2023
7075:from the original on 4 April 2023
7042:from the original on 4 April 2023
6910:from the original on 4 April 2023
6828:Puritan Gentry Besieged 1650â1700
6608:from the original on 4 April 2023
6000:"Punch and Judy around the world"
5789:from the original on 4 April 2023
5462:from the original on 4 April 2023
4493:McCullough, David (22 May 2001).
4020:from the original on 18 July 2013
3517:
3491:revoked the Massachusetts charter
3374:sexual relations outside marriage
2454:The Bruised Reed and Smoking Flax
2436:The Plain Man's Pathway to Heaven
1344:History of the Puritans from 1649
1226:History of the Puritans from 1649
9551:History of the Thirteen Colonies
9536:History of Reformed Christianity
7748:
7614:Drinking with Calvin and Luther!
7532:Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher (1976).
6728:Bremer, Francis J., ed. (1981).
6551:
6531:
6515:
6464:
6445:
6430:
6405:
6319:
6210:
6121:
6088:Miller, Neil (13 October 2010).
6081:
6055:
5992:
5962:
5928:
5913:
5874:
5768:
5753:
5700:
5657:
5567:Durston, Chris (December 1985).
5560:
5435:
5409:
5394:
5215:Dictionary of National Biography
4334:Dictionary of National Biography
3845:Christianity in the 17th century
3840:Christianity in the 16th century
3512:Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick
3454:theologies. The Puritans of the
2920:
2898:sent more accused people to the
2780:Based on Biblical portrayals of
2658:The episcopalians (known as the
2603:was considered appropriate (see
2290:, human nature was corrupted by
2170:Reformed Christianity portal
2163:
1565:
1017:to a close. During the reign of
1011:Elizabethan Religious Settlement
351:Elizabethan Religious Settlement
7731:Neuman, Meredith Marie (2013).
7175:. University of Georgia Press.
6625:Barnett, James Harwood (1984).
6563:Economic Problems of the Church
6540:, p. 27) cites and quotes
5764:. UNC Press Books. p. 242.
5760:Williams Levy, Leonard (1995).
5243:
5237:
5222:
5200:
4983:
4628:
4603:
4576:
4547:
4486:
4471:
4432:
4405:
4385:
4365:
4214:
4081:
3993:
3124:, Merton argued for a positive
2875:in the case of Thomas Darling.
2790:describes Puritan marriage as:
2614:
2331:Christ's sacrifice on the cross
2321:while others were destined for
1746:Westminster Confession of Faith
1276:Westminster Confession of Faith
266:Westminster Confession of Faith
226:History under Queen Elizabeth I
9217:Separation of church and state
8886:Formal and material principles
8871:Separation of church and state
7724:. Princeton University Press.
7283:The William and Mary Quarterly
7144:Johnson, James Turner (1970).
7061:. Cambridge University Press.
7028:. W. W. Norton & Company.
6992:The William and Mary Quarterly
6548:(17â23 February 1989), p. 156.
6524:, p. 4) cites and quotes
6458:Johns Hopkins University Press
6437:Pat, Perrin (1 January 1970).
5881:Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2016).
5707:Merrill, Louis Taylor (1945).
5442:Marshall, Peter James (2005).
4906:, "Regeneration and Baptism",
3952:
3913:
3901:
2754:
2741:separation of church and state
2732:New England Congregationalists
2674:within the Church of England.
2231:, which they considered to be
1653:Logical order of God's decrees
1407:was passed in the wake of the
837:In the 17th century, the word
779:
680:, and in that sense they were
651:of what they considered to be
13:
1:
8881:Hymnody of continental Europe
8032:Apostles in the New Testament
7515:English Puritanism, 1603â1689
7396:Olsen, Viggo Norskov (1973).
7369:Nuttall, Geoffrey F. (1992).
7152:. Nashville: Abingdon Press.
6644:Bebbington, David W. (1993).
6326:Post Abbott, Margery (2011).
5937:"London's 10 oldest theatres"
5233:. New York: Crown Publishers.
4103:Fitzpatrick, Vincent (2004).
4006:. Author House. p. 146.
3865:
3726:leader and eventually became
2983:âwould be defeated. Based on
2771:
2641:established national churches
2344:
1751:Westminster Shorter Catechism
1490:. A typical example of early
1455:Puritans left for New England
1338:Great Ejection and Dissenters
1072:Continental Reformed churches
748:denominations, especially in
7739:Winship, Michael P. (2018).
7419:Porterfield, Amanda (1992).
6544:, "Fundamental Objections",
6065:. MassLive.com. 9 May 2011.
5714:American Sociological Review
3924:. Author House. p. 438.
3821:A Model of Christian Charity
3046:
2839:Like most Christians in the
2697:, and ultimately a national
2452:(1627) and Richard Sibbes's
1756:Westminster Larger Catechism
1541:
1113:, under which government by
236:History under King Charles I
7:
8329:Eastern Orthodox opposition
7436:. New York: Hill and Wang.
7346:(PhD). University of Wales.
7342:Milton, Michael A. (1997).
7319:Miller, Randall M. (2008).
7199:Lamont, William M. (1969).
6975:. Oxford University Press.
6780:. Oxford University Press.
6774:Bremer, Francis J. (2009).
5664:Marling, Karal Ann (2000).
4641:University of Georgia Press
4635:Rudolph, Frederick (1961).
4610:Wroth, Lawrence C. (1965).
4554:Copeland, David A. (2000).
4445:Political Science Quarterly
4412:Bremer, Francis J. (1995).
3833:
3469:Four Quakers, known as the
3462:and the colonies along the
2485:Reformed baptismal theology
1281:Directory of Public Worship
736:restoration of the monarchy
10:
9582:
8346:Art patronage of Julius II
7717:. McGill-Queens UP (2013).
7360:Norton, Mary Beth (2011).
7351:Norton, Mary Beth (2008).
7190:Kelly, Douglas F. (1992).
7088:Hill, Christopher (1972).
6873:, Maranatha Publications,
6573:
6316:pp. 1â2. BiblioBazaar, LLC
4295:Benedetto & McKim 2010
4232:on 4 May 2016 – via
4088:Hagberg, Garry L. (2018).
4000:Trickler, C. Jack (2010).
3960:The A to Z of the Puritans
3659:
3344:In 1649, English colonist
3288:shut down English theatres
3050:
3031:
2924:
2859:Puritan pastors undertook
2832:
2829:Demonology and witch hunts
2811:Bradstreet alludes to the
2574:adoration of the Eucharist
2482:
2205:
1536:
1422:
1341:
1223:
1156:
1145:
1002:
988:
984:
917:. They gave precedence to
830:
386:Immigration to New England
231:History under King James I
75:Springfield, Massachusetts
29:
9438:
9273:
9192:
9121:
9056:
8978:
8909:
8849:CalvinistâArminian debate
8823:
8590:
8473:
8309:
8200:
8082:
7980:
7869:
7851:
7453:The New England Quarterly
7148:A Society Ordained by God
6546:Times Literary Supplement
5857:Miller & Johnson 2014
5195:Bremer & Webster 2006
4558:. Westport, Connecticut:
3935:Bremer & Webster 2006
3819:is noted for his sermon "
3750:preacher who sparked the
3152:deeming Christmas illegal
2766:, title page engraved by
2583:Puritans did not believe
2325:. No one, however, could
2133:World Reformed Fellowship
1646:Baptist Covenant Theology
1419:Puritans in North America
857:of that time used it and
833:Definitions of Puritanism
371:Providence Island Company
241:Cromwellian era and after
176:Definitions of Puritanism
151:Ecclesiastical separatism
9338:Christian existentialism
7743:. Yale University Press.
7631:White, James F. (1999).
7480:Spraggon, Julie (2003).
7262:Selected Literary Essays
7222:Leighton, Denys (2004).
7055:Harrison, Peter (2001).
6732:. R.E. Krieger Pub. Co.
5920:Schoch, Richard (2016).
4092:. Springer. p. 125.
3920:Morris, John W. (2011).
3870:
3771:Massachusetts Bay Colony
3456:Massachusetts Bay Colony
3411:Instrument of Government
3116:on the link between the
3021:Pilgrims Going to Church
2953:Johannes Heinrich Alsted
2309:, that some people (the
1893:Friedrich Schleiermacher
1467:Massachusetts Bay Colony
1177:Hampton Court Conference
960:as "a kind of Puritan".
376:Massachusetts Bay Colony
301:Trial of Archbishop Laud
246:History in North America
32:Puritan (disambiguation)
7845:History of Christianity
7720:Hall, David D. (2019).
7428:Saxton, Martha (2003).
7111:Hotson, Howard (2000).
6826:Cliffe, Trevor (2002).
6311:15 January 2016 at the
6303:Rogers, Horatio, 2009.
5709:"The Puritan Policeman"
5605:Gentles, I. J. (2014).
5209:"Scott, Reginald"
4378:16 January 2010 at the
4109:Mercer University Press
3621:was a crypto-Catholic:
3548:itself, from England's
3264:Puritans condemned the
2886:as well. In the 1640s,
2566:real spiritual presence
2472:evangelical Protestants
1631:Theology of John Calvin
1051:, traditional clerical
991:History of the Puritans
729:First English Civil War
585:Congregational churches
543:The Godly Man's Picture
411:American exceptionalism
146:English Presbyterianism
9406:Fourth Great Awakening
9293:Second Great Awakening
8532:Fall of Constantinople
8324:Development of primacy
7789:Christian's Daily Walk
7669:Eicholz, Hans (2008).
7314:. Courier Corporation.
7167:Keeble, N. H. (1987).
6967:Fischer, David Hackett
6896:. Palgrave Macmillan.
5782:, vol. 2, 1851, p. 412
5401:Axtell, James (1976).
4935:Beeke & Jones 2012
4904:Beeke & Jones 2012
4478:Axtell, James (1976).
4398:6 January 2009 at the
3693:The Pilgrim's Progress
3672:New Haven, Connecticut
3657:
3635:
3536:
3534:Augustus Saint-Gaudens
3439:
3400:, and all laws making
3341:
3153:
3148:1659 public notice in
3140:Behavioral regulations
3068:
3029:
3001:conversion of the Jews
2963:interpretation of the
2809:
2796:
2777:
2632:
2522:baptismal regeneration
2479:Worship and sacraments
2450:Christian's Daily Walk
2378:assurance of salvation
2335:unconditional election
1808:Johannes Oecolampadius
1494:
1488:Granary Burying Ground
1450:
1443:Hingham, Massachusetts
1359:Act of Uniformity 1662
1248:The Fifth Monarchy Men
1243:
1136:Marprelate controversy
1082:in baptism, or to use
1037:, such as cathedrals,
999:Elizabethan Puritanism
898:includes both groups.
828:
725:Scottish Presbyterians
564:Foxe's Book of Martyrs
550:The Pilgrim's Progress
391:Culture in New England
341:Act of Uniformity 1662
186:Puritan Sabbatarianism
71:Augustus Saint-Gaudens
9511:Christian terminology
9401:Reformed epistemology
9343:Third Great Awakening
9313:Seventh-day Adventist
9234:First Great Awakening
9107:Book of Common Prayer
8901:Protestant work ethic
8444:Independent Catholics
8395:Monastery dissolution
7683:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
6709:Brady, David (1983).
6592:Yale University Press
6498:Coffey & Lim 2008
6289:Coffey & Lim 2008
6277:Coffey & Lim 2008
6265:Coffey & Lim 2008
6250:Coffey & Lim 2008
5820:University of Warwick
5253:Russell & Russell
4941:location 28097â28107.
4910:location 18043â18056.
4880:Coffey & Lim 2008
4221:Neil, Daniel (1844).
4146:Coffey & Lim 2008
3752:First Great Awakening
3645:
3623:
3564:Protestant work ethic
3550:Scientific Revolution
3525:
3507:Jesuit Roman Catholic
3429:
3388:of 1650 repealed the
3335:
3321:each other's health.
3181:in secret. Following
3147:
3118:Protestant work ethic
3084:(founded in 1636) or
3060:
3051:Further information:
3032:Further information:
3026:George Henry Boughton
3018:
3011:Cultural consequences
2927:Christian eschatology
2925:Further information:
2833:Further information:
2805:
2792:
2762:
2664:Book of Common Prayer
2653:congregational polity
2622:
2495:Book of Common Prayer
2483:Further information:
2475:the truly converted.
2307:double predestination
1818:Peter Martyr Vermigli
1741:Westminster Standards
1559:Reformed Christianity
1485:
1459:Eleven Years' Tyranny
1432:
1423:Further information:
1382:Book of Common Prayer
1342:Further information:
1329:Interregnum (1649â60)
1323:was a Puritan and an
1288:) was adopted by the
1286:Westminster Standards
1233:
1224:Further information:
1202:Book of Common Prayer
1196:Book of Common Prayer
1157:Further information:
1146:Further information:
1103:vestments controversy
1099:black academic attire
1048:Book of Common Prayer
1003:Further information:
787:
676:. Puritans adopted a
428:Troubles at Frankfurt
396:Christmas prohibition
311:Vestments controversy
69:, an 1887 statue by
9224:Edicts of toleration
9033:Three Forms of Unity
8798:Bohemian Reformation
8371:Catholic Reformation
8228:Roman state religion
8047:Council of Jerusalem
7691:. pp. 407â408.
7513:Spurr, John (1998).
7228:. Imprint Academic.
6943:Demos, John (1970).
6759:. pp. 533â534.
5822:. 17 December 2003.
5778:John Lord Campbell,
4612:The Colonial Printer
4583:Burns, Eric (2006).
4499:Simon & Schuster
4072:A Book of Burlesques
3434:led to execution on
3380:Religious toleration
3102:experimental science
2911:Massachusetts colony
2835:Christian demonology
2707:Westminster Assembly
2588:Puritans considered
2217:Continental Reformed
2088:New England theology
2073:Mercersburg theology
1998:Continental Reformed
1724:Heidelberg Catechism
1714:Three Forms of Unity
1709:Helvetic Confessions
1668:Regulative principle
1272:Westminster Assembly
1236:Westminster Assembly
928:In current English,
714:Westminster Assembly
578:Continuing movements
296:Scrooby Congregation
9531:History of Baptists
9526:English Reformation
9396:Liberation theology
9303:Jehovah's Witnesses
9136:Radical Reformation
8864:Resistance theories
8751:Christian mysticism
8746:Early Scholasticism
8458:Ecclesial community
8356:Counter-Reformation
8221:Constantinian shift
7726:H-Net online review
7661:Bremer, Francis J.
7355:. Cengage Learning.
6629:. Ayer Publishing.
6582:Ahlstrom, Sydney E.
6166:, pp. 726â727.
6037:National Geographic
5943:The Daily Telegraph
5304:, pp. 225â226.
5173:, pp. 107â117.
5047:, pp. 132â133.
4690:, pp. 130â131.
4544:, pp. 132â134.
4297:, pp. 521â522.
3627:Counter-Reformation
3078:Boston Latin School
2841:early modern period
2649:presbyterian polity
2609:Worcester Cathedral
2372:) was described as
2368:to spiritual life (
1798:List of theologians
1777:Systematic theology
1409:Glorious Revolution
1350:English Restoration
1348:At the time of the
1297:Westminster Divines
1240:John Rogers Herbert
1153:Jacobean Puritanism
1142:Caroline Puritanism
1111:presbyterian polity
1015:English Reformation
948:William Shakespeare
774:confession of faith
741:1662 Uniformity Act
665:English Reformation
439:Notable individuals
336:English Restoration
106:English Reformation
9470:Oriental Orthodoxy
9113:King James Version
8925:Ninety-five Theses
8721:Apostolic Brethren
8495:Church of the East
8490:Oriental Orthodoxy
8336:Crusading movement
7856:Early Christianity
7612:West, Jim (2003).
7541:American Quarterly
6888:Collinson, Patrick
5245:Notestein, Wallace
3785:, and dramas like
3761:Connecticut Colony
3658:
3537:
3526:Second version of
3440:
3342:
3327:Health's Sicknesse
3173:" or the "rags of
3154:
3122:capitalist economy
3092:Puritan scientists
3069:
3030:
2965:Book of Revelation
2957:John Amos Comenius
2907:Salem witch trials
2865:demonic possession
2778:
2745:believer's baptism
2717:Congregationalists
2679:Church of Scotland
2633:
2629:Catalogue of Sects
2605:Exclusive psalmody
2550:transubstantiation
2339:irresistible grace
2248:Heinrich Bullinger
2103:Princeton theology
1943:H. Richard Niebuhr
1853:Franciscus Gomarus
1823:Heinrich Bullinger
1763:Barmen Declaration
1531:Harvard University
1495:
1451:
1290:Church of Scotland
1244:
1181:Laurence Chaderton
1169:Millenary Petition
1068:Marian Restoration
829:
698:established church
381:Salem witch trials
326:Grand Remonstrance
321:Millenary Petition
276:Cambridge Platform
201:Puritan work ethic
131:English Dissenters
9521:Congregationalism
9488:
9487:
9465:Eastern Orthodoxy
9333:Finnish Awakening
9288:Holiness movement
9229:Congregationalism
9188:
9187:
9048:Metrical psalters
8485:Eastern Orthodoxy
8429:Neo-Scholasticism
8136:Canon development
8037:Jewish Christians
7713:Giussani, Luigi.
7616:. Oakdown Books.
7524:978-0-333-60189-1
7388:978-0-226-60941-6
6958:978-0-19-501355-9
6936:978-0-521-67800-1
6903:978-1-349-19586-2
6858:978-0-521-67800-1
6802:Fides et Historia
6697:978-0-8108-5807-7
6672:978-1-60178-166-6
6559:Hill, Christopher
6542:Patrick Collinson
6347:978-0-8108-7088-8
6107:978-0-8070-5113-9
5818:(Press release).
5677:978-0-674-00318-7
5579:on 10 March 2007.
5367:, pp. 91â92.
5280:, pp. 30â32.
5268:, pp. 31â32.
4894:, pp. 31â32.
4831:, pp. 29â30.
4702:, pp. 37â38.
4596:978-1-58648-334-0
4527:, pp. 81â82.
4199:, pp. 39â40.
4187:, pp. 43â44.
4013:978-1-4490-4578-4
3670:was a founder of
3611:Thirty Years' War
3591:Patrick Collinson
3464:Connecticut river
3397:Act of Uniformity
3348:, the founder of
2993:Thirty Years' War
2941:Johannes Piscator
2937:biblical prophecy
2873:Arthur Hildersham
2871:was supported by
2747:, becoming early
2578:church discipline
2554:sacramental union
2542:sign of the cross
2388:and listening to
2278:he promised them
2272:Johannes Cocceius
2240:covenant theology
2233:divinely inspired
2204:
2203:
1973:Donald G. Bloesch
1953:Cornelius Van Til
1868:Samuel Rutherford
1838:Zacharias Ursinus
1719:Belgic Confession
1636:Covenant theology
1313:congregationalism
1214:Congregationalism
1163:The accession of
1131:Thomas Cartwright
1080:sign of the cross
1045:contained in the
919:direct revelation
892:Church of England
770:Savoy Declaration
750:Congregationalist
721:royal prerogative
702:gathered churches
678:covenant theology
649:Church of England
637:
636:
598:Reformed churches
592:
406:Half-Way Covenant
331:English Civil War
316:Martin Marprelate
271:Savoy Declaration
16:(Redirected from
9573:
8907:
8906:
8294:Non-Chalcedonian
8275:Constantinople I
8067:General epistles
8062:Pauline epistles
8042:Paul the Apostle
8020:Great Commission
7838:
7831:
7824:
7815:
7814:
7810:
7796:
7794:
7779:
7765:
7744:
7710:
7650:
7627:
7608:
7587:
7585:
7583:
7577:
7538:
7528:
7509:
7507:
7505:
7476:
7447:
7435:
7424:
7415:
7403:
7392:
7376:
7365:
7356:
7347:
7338:
7315:
7306:
7277:
7265:
7251:
7249:
7247:
7218:
7206:
7195:
7186:
7174:
7163:
7151:
7140:
7138:
7136:
7107:
7095:
7084:
7082:
7080:
7051:
7049:
7047:
7015:
6986:
6962:
6950:
6939:
6919:
6917:
6915:
6883:
6862:
6841:
6822:
6820:
6818:
6791:
6770:
6749:"Savoy Assembly"
6743:
6724:
6713:. Mohr Siebeck.
6705:
6676:
6653:
6640:
6621:
6615:
6613:
6590:(2nd ed.).
6567:
6566:
6555:
6549:
6535:
6529:
6519:
6513:
6507:
6501:
6495:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6484:
6477:Internet Archive
6468:
6462:
6461:
6449:
6443:
6442:
6434:
6428:
6427:
6409:
6403:
6402:
6371:
6360:
6359:
6323:
6317:
6301:
6292:
6286:
6280:
6274:
6268:
6262:
6253:
6247:
6241:
6240:
6231:Mather 1663â1728
6228:
6222:
6221:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6195:
6189:
6188:
6176:
6167:
6161:
6155:
6149:
6143:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6095:
6085:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6043:on 12 March 2022
6039:. Archived from
6029:
6020:
6019:, pp. 68ff.
6014:
6008:
6007:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5939:
5932:
5926:
5925:
5917:
5911:
5905:
5899:
5893:
5887:
5886:
5878:
5872:
5866:
5860:
5854:
5848:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5812:
5803:
5802:
5796:
5794:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5757:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5704:
5698:
5697:
5691:
5689:
5661:
5655:
5649:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5620:
5611:
5610:
5602:
5593:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5564:
5558:
5552:
5546:
5540:
5527:
5521:
5506:
5503:
5497:
5491:
5485:
5482:
5476:
5475:
5469:
5467:
5439:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5398:
5392:
5386:
5380:
5374:
5368:
5362:
5356:
5350:
5344:
5338:
5332:
5326:
5320:
5314:
5305:
5299:
5293:
5287:
5281:
5275:
5269:
5263:
5257:
5256:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5211:
5204:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5180:
5174:
5168:
5162:
5156:
5150:
5144:
5135:
5129:
5123:
5117:
5111:
5105:
5099:
5096:Porterfield 1992
5093:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5072:Porterfield 1992
5069:
5063:
5057:
5048:
5042:
5036:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5002:
4987:
4981:
4975:
4969:
4963:
4954:
4948:
4942:
4932:
4926:
4920:
4911:
4901:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4877:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4844:
4838:
4832:
4826:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4793:
4787:
4778:
4772:
4763:
4757:
4744:
4738:
4732:
4726:
4715:
4709:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4685:
4679:
4673:
4667:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4562:. p. viii.
4551:
4545:
4539:
4528:
4522:
4513:
4512:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4436:
4430:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4409:
4403:
4389:
4383:
4369:
4363:
4357:
4351:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4330:
4319:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4170:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4143:
4137:
4131:
4125:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4027:
4025:
3997:
3991:
3985:
3979:
3973:
3964:
3963:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3881:
3788:Samson Agonistes
3744:Jonathan Edwards
3700:William Bradford
3662:List of Puritans
3638:Notable Puritans
3615:Christopher Hill
3417:the Protectorate
3391:Act of Supremacy
3362:banned in Boston
3106:Robert K. Merton
2945:Thomas Brightman
2776:
2773:
2699:general assembly
2645:episcopal polity
2552:) and Lutheran (
2440:Richard Rogers's
2296:Ten Commandments
2196:
2189:
2182:
2168:
2167:
2025:Reformed Baptist
1948:Reinhold Niebuhr
1888:Jonathan Edwards
1878:Francis Turretin
1803:Huldrych Zwingli
1782:Metrical psalter
1736:Scots Confession
1572:Reformation Wall
1569:
1546:
1545:
1511:Halfway Covenant
1445:. Puritans were
1433:Interior of the
1354:Savoy Conference
1210:William Bradshaw
1057:episcopal polity
810:Stephen Charnock
738:in 1660 and the
658:the Protectorate
629:
622:
615:
588:
482:Jonathan Edwards
457:William Bradford
62:
39:
38:
21:
9581:
9580:
9576:
9575:
9574:
9572:
9571:
9570:
9491:
9490:
9489:
9484:
9434:
9421:Christian right
9323:Oxford Movement
9298:Restorationists
9269:
9184:
9117:
9052:
9003:Presbyterianism
8974:
8954:Book of Concord
8905:
8829:
8827:
8819:
8586:
8476:
8469:
8305:
8204:
8196:
8155:Clement of Rome
8085:
8078:
7982:
7976:
7865:
7847:
7842:
7801:Sibbes, Richard
7792:
7775:Seven Treatises
7770:Rogers, Richard
7751:
7699:
7658:
7656:Further reading
7653:
7647:
7624:
7581:
7579:
7575:
7553:10.2307/2712475
7536:
7525:
7503:
7501:
7494:
7444:
7412:
7389:
7335:
7295:10.2307/1921563
7274:
7245:
7243:
7236:
7215:
7183:
7160:
7134:
7132:
7125:
7104:
7078:
7076:
7069:
7045:
7043:
7036:
7004:10.2307/2674233
6983:
6959:
6937:
6913:
6911:
6904:
6881:
6867:Coffin, Charles
6859:
6838:
6816:
6814:
6788:
6767:
6740:
6721:
6698:
6688:Scarecrow Press
6673:
6637:
6611:
6609:
6602:
6576:
6571:
6570:
6556:
6552:
6536:
6532:
6526:Collinson (1988
6520:
6516:
6508:
6504:
6500:, pp. 7â8.
6496:
6492:
6482:
6480:
6469:
6465:
6450:
6446:
6435:
6431:
6410:
6406:
6391:
6373:
6372:
6363:
6348:
6334:Scarecrow Press
6324:
6320:
6313:Wayback Machine
6302:
6295:
6287:
6283:
6275:
6271:
6263:
6256:
6248:
6244:
6234:
6229:
6225:
6216:
6215:
6211:
6201:
6196:
6192:
6182:
6177:
6170:
6162:
6158:
6150:
6146:
6142:about equally."
6126:
6122:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6086:
6082:
6072:
6070:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6046:
6044:
6031:
6030:
6023:
6015:
6011:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5983:
5981:
5974:The Stage.co.uk
5968:
5967:
5963:
5953:
5951:
5934:
5933:
5929:
5918:
5914:
5906:
5902:
5894:
5890:
5879:
5875:
5867:
5863:
5855:
5851:
5843:
5839:
5829:
5827:
5814:
5813:
5806:
5792:
5790:
5773:
5769:
5758:
5754:
5744:
5742:
5727:10.2307/2085847
5705:
5701:
5687:
5685:
5678:
5662:
5658:
5650:
5643:
5633:
5631:
5622:
5621:
5614:
5603:
5596:
5588:
5584:
5565:
5561:
5553:
5549:
5541:
5530:
5522:
5509:
5504:
5500:
5492:
5488:
5483:
5479:
5465:
5463:
5456:
5440:
5436:
5426:
5424:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5399:
5395:
5387:
5383:
5375:
5371:
5363:
5359:
5351:
5347:
5339:
5335:
5327:
5323:
5315:
5308:
5300:
5296:
5288:
5284:
5276:
5272:
5264:
5260:
5242:
5238:
5227:
5223:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5193:
5189:
5181:
5177:
5169:
5165:
5157:
5153:
5145:
5138:
5130:
5126:
5118:
5114:
5106:
5102:
5094:
5090:
5082:
5078:
5070:
5066:
5058:
5051:
5043:
5039:
5031:
5027:
5019:
5010:
5000:
4998:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4976:
4972:
4964:
4957:
4949:
4945:
4933:
4929:
4921:
4914:
4902:
4898:
4890:
4886:
4878:
4874:
4866:
4862:
4854:
4847:
4839:
4835:
4827:
4823:
4817:Bebbington 1993
4815:
4811:
4803:
4796:
4788:
4781:
4773:
4766:
4758:
4747:
4739:
4735:
4727:
4718:
4710:
4706:
4698:
4694:
4686:
4682:
4674:
4670:
4662:
4658:
4651:
4633:
4629:
4622:
4608:
4604:
4597:
4581:
4577:
4570:
4560:Greenwood Press
4552:
4548:
4540:
4531:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4501:. p. 223.
4491:
4487:
4476:
4472:
4457:10.2307/2139228
4437:
4433:
4425:
4421:
4410:
4406:
4400:Wayback Machine
4390:
4386:
4380:Wayback Machine
4370:
4366:
4358:
4354:
4346:
4342:
4320:
4313:
4305:
4301:
4293:
4289:
4281:
4277:
4269:
4265:
4257:
4253:
4245:
4241:
4219:
4215:
4207:
4203:
4195:
4191:
4183:
4179:
4171:
4164:
4156:
4152:
4148:, pp. 3â4.
4144:
4140:
4132:
4128:
4120:
4116:
4101:
4097:
4086:
4082:
4065:
4061:
4053:
4049:
4041:
4037:
4023:
4021:
4014:
3998:
3994:
3986:
3982:
3974:
3967:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3945:
3941:
3933:
3929:
3918:
3914:
3906:
3902:
3894:
3890:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3836:
3827:Robert Woodford
3767:Anne Hutchinson
3718:was an English
3716:Oliver Cromwell
3710:Anne Bradstreet
3704:Plymouth Colony
3690:was famous for
3664:
3647:Oliver Cromwell
3640:
3580:Anne Bradstreet
3520:
3487:King Charles II
3460:Plymouth Colony
3382:
3369:1 Corinthians 7
3346:William Pynchon
3208:hangman's noose
3183:the restoration
3142:
3108:. Similarly to
3094:
3055:
3049:
3041:Anne Hutchinson
3036:
3013:
2929:
2923:
2888:Matthew Hopkins
2877:Samuel Harsnett
2837:
2831:
2801:Anne Bradstreet
2774:
2768:Richard Gaywood
2757:
2725:church covenant
2711:Long Parliament
2617:
2493:service in the
2487:
2481:
2447:Henry Scudder's
2443:Seven Treatises
2366:spiritual death
2347:
2256:William Perkins
2210:
2200:
2162:
2148:
2147:
2123:
2113:
2112:
2068:Marrow Brethren
2043:
2035:
2034:
1993:
1983:
1982:
1963:JĂźrgen Moltmann
1848:William Perkins
1795:
1787:
1786:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1598:
1590:
1544:
1539:
1507:Increase Mather
1435:Old Ship Church
1427:
1421:
1346:
1340:
1321:Oliver Cromwell
1309:presbyterianism
1228:
1222:
1161:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1086:or the organ.
1076:metrical psalms
1007:
1001:
993:
987:
835:
782:
723:, and with the
633:
604:
603:
602:
579:
571:
570:
569:
536:
528:
527:
526:
522:Robert Woodford
497:Increase Mather
487:Anne Hutchinson
472:Oliver Cromwell
462:Anne Bradstreet
441:
431:
430:
425:
417:
416:
415:
365:
357:
356:
355:
290:
282:
281:
280:
260:
252:
251:
250:
220:
212:
211:
210:
170:
162:
161:
160:
85:
77:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9579:
9569:
9568:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9486:
9485:
9483:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9456:
9455:
9450:
9439:
9436:
9435:
9433:
9432:
9427:
9418:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9386:Pentecostalism
9383:
9381:Jesus movement
9378:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9279:
9277:
9271:
9270:
9268:
9267:
9258:
9257:
9256:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9220:
9219:
9209:
9204:
9198:
9196:
9190:
9189:
9186:
9185:
9183:
9182:
9175:
9172:Martyrs Mirror
9168:
9163:
9158:
9156:Martyrs' Synod
9153:
9148:
9146:Swiss Brethren
9143:
9138:
9133:
9127:
9125:
9119:
9118:
9116:
9115:
9110:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9062:
9060:
9054:
9053:
9051:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8984:
8982:
8976:
8975:
8973:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8950:
8945:
8944:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8915:
8913:
8904:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8891:Law and Gospel
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8867:
8866:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8835:
8833:
8821:
8820:
8818:
8817:
8816:
8815:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8779:
8778:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8682:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8646:
8645:
8644:
8643:
8642:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8596:
8594:
8588:
8587:
8585:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8572:Ottoman Empire
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8523:
8522:
8517:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8481:
8479:
8471:
8470:
8468:
8467:
8462:
8461:
8460:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8386:
8385:
8384:
8383:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8332:
8331:
8326:
8315:
8313:
8307:
8306:
8304:
8303:
8301:Biblical canon
8298:
8297:
8296:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8256:
8255:
8250:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8224:
8223:
8212:
8210:
8202:Late antiquity
8198:
8197:
8195:
8194:
8189:
8188:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8150:Church Fathers
8143:
8138:
8133:
8132:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8090:
8088:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8076:
8075:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8023:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7992:
7986:
7984:
7978:
7977:
7975:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7873:
7871:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7863:
7858:
7852:
7849:
7848:
7841:
7840:
7833:
7826:
7818:
7812:
7811:
7797:
7784:Scudder, Henry
7780:
7766:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7745:
7736:
7729:
7718:
7711:
7698:978-1412965804
7697:
7689:Cato Institute
7675:Hamowy, Ronald
7666:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7645:
7637:Abingdon Press
7628:
7622:
7609:
7599:(1): 205â219.
7588:
7529:
7523:
7510:
7493:978-0851158952
7492:
7477:
7465:10.2307/360356
7448:
7443:978-0374110116
7442:
7425:
7416:
7411:978-0520020757
7410:
7393:
7387:
7366:
7357:
7348:
7339:
7334:978-0313065361
7333:
7316:
7307:
7278:
7272:
7252:
7235:978-0907845546
7234:
7219:
7214:978-0333100745
7213:
7196:
7187:
7182:978-0820309514
7181:
7164:
7159:978-0687389339
7158:
7141:
7124:978-9401594943
7123:
7108:
7103:978-0670789757
7102:
7085:
7068:978-0521000963
7067:
7052:
7035:978-0393319033
7034:
7016:
6998:(4): 723â744.
6987:
6981:
6963:
6957:
6940:
6935:
6920:
6902:
6884:
6879:
6863:
6857:
6842:
6837:978-1134918157
6836:
6823:
6792:
6787:978-0199740871
6786:
6771:
6766:978-1576076781
6765:
6744:
6739:978-0898740639
6738:
6725:
6720:978-3161444975
6719:
6706:
6696:
6677:
6671:
6654:
6641:
6635:
6622:
6600:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6565:. p. 337.
6550:
6530:
6528:, p. 143)
6514:
6502:
6490:
6463:
6444:
6429:
6404:
6390:978-1576076781
6389:
6361:
6346:
6318:
6293:
6281:
6269:
6254:
6242:
6223:
6209:
6200:, p. 281.
6190:
6168:
6156:
6154:, p. 724.
6144:
6120:
6106:
6080:
6054:
6021:
6009:
6006:. 2 June 2024.
5991:
5961:
5927:
5912:
5900:
5898:, p. 153.
5888:
5873:
5861:
5859:, p. 394.
5849:
5837:
5804:
5767:
5752:
5699:
5676:
5656:
5641:
5612:
5594:
5592:, p. 498.
5582:
5559:
5557:, p. 499.
5547:
5528:
5507:
5498:
5486:
5484:Sztompka, 2003
5477:
5455:978-0199278954
5454:
5434:
5408:
5393:
5381:
5369:
5357:
5355:, p. 229.
5345:
5343:, p. 227.
5333:
5331:, p. 226.
5321:
5306:
5294:
5292:, p. 173.
5282:
5270:
5258:
5255:. p. 195.
5236:
5221:
5199:
5197:, p. 584.
5187:
5175:
5163:
5151:
5136:
5124:
5112:
5100:
5088:
5076:
5064:
5062:, p. 133.
5049:
5037:
5025:
5008:
4982:
4970:
4955:
4943:
4927:
4912:
4896:
4884:
4872:
4860:
4845:
4833:
4821:
4809:
4794:
4792:, p. 128.
4779:
4764:
4762:, p. 132.
4745:
4743:, p. 131.
4733:
4716:
4704:
4692:
4680:
4668:
4666:, p. 125.
4656:
4649:
4627:
4620:
4602:
4595:
4575:
4568:
4546:
4529:
4514:
4507:
4485:
4470:
4431:
4427:Carpenter 2003
4419:
4404:
4384:
4364:
4352:
4350:, p. 196.
4340:
4325:, ed. (1897).
4311:
4299:
4287:
4275:
4263:
4251:
4239:
4213:
4201:
4189:
4177:
4162:
4150:
4138:
4126:
4114:
4095:
4080:
4068:Mencken, H. L.
4059:
4047:
4035:
4012:
3992:
3980:
3965:
3951:
3939:
3927:
3912:
3900:
3898:, p. 195.
3888:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3855:Restorationism
3852:
3847:
3842:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3824:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3792:
3774:
3764:
3754:
3741:
3735:
3728:Lord Protector
3713:
3707:
3697:
3685:
3675:
3660:Main article:
3651:Lord Protector
3639:
3636:
3519:
3518:Historiography
3516:
3496:Toleration Act
3471:Boston martyrs
3386:Toleration Act
3381:
3378:
3323:William Prynne
3308:Punch and Judy
3278:William Prynne
3223:Book of Sports
3141:
3138:
3093:
3090:
3074:grammar school
3048:
3045:
3012:
3009:
2981:Ottoman Empire
2969:Book of Daniel
2922:
2919:
2830:
2827:
2788:Thomas Gataker
2756:
2753:
2701:). During the
2670:and Christian
2616:
2613:
2570:Thomas Cranmer
2538:baptismal vows
2530:visible church
2518:infant baptism
2507:Sabbatarianism
2491:Morning Prayer
2480:
2477:
2425:sanctification
2357:of each elect
2355:effectual call
2346:
2343:
2264:Richard Sibbes
2206:Main article:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2058:Federal Vision
2055:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2020:Congregational
2017:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2000:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:Michael Horton
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1958:T. F. Torrance
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1933:Geerhardus Vos
1930:
1925:
1923:B. B. Warfield
1920:
1918:Herman Bavinck
1915:
1913:Abraham Kuyper
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1883:Richard Baxter
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1858:William Twisse
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1729:Canons of Dort
1726:
1721:
1711:
1701:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1673:Predestination
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1570:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1503:Richard Mather
1486:Death's head,
1463:King Charles I
1420:
1417:
1404:Toleration Act
1395:Clarendon Code
1391:Richard Baxter
1372:Great Ejection
1339:
1336:
1252:Vavasor Powell
1221:
1218:
1192:James Montague
1154:
1151:
1143:
1140:
1000:
997:
989:Main article:
986:
983:
884:Nonconformists
855:Matthew Parker
851:Church History
831:Main article:
826:Richard Baxter
806:Richard Sibbes
794:William Bridge
781:
778:
731:(1642â1646).
694:congregational
653:Roman Catholic
635:
634:
632:
631:
624:
617:
609:
606:
605:
601:
600:
594:
581:
580:
577:
576:
573:
572:
568:
567:
560:
553:
546:
538:
537:
534:
533:
530:
529:
525:
524:
519:
514:
512:Roger Williams
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
443:
442:
437:
436:
433:
432:
426:
423:
422:
419:
418:
414:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
367:
366:
363:
362:
359:
358:
354:
353:
348:
346:Great Ejection
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
279:
278:
273:
268:
262:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:
249:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
222:
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:
209:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
172:
171:
169:Crucial themes
168:
167:
164:
163:
159:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
87:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:
63:
55:
54:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9578:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9516:Protestantism
9514:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9498:
9496:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9475:Protestantism
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9445:
9444:
9441:
9440:
9437:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9422:
9419:
9416:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9376:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9348:Azusa Revival
9346:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9328:Laestadianism
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9280:
9278:
9276:
9272:
9266:
9265:Old Lutherans
9262:
9259:
9255:
9252:
9251:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9218:
9215:
9214:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9199:
9197:
9195:
9191:
9181:
9180:
9176:
9174:
9173:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9128:
9126:
9124:
9120:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9108:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9063:
9061:
9059:
9055:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9006:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8985:
8983:
8981:
8977:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8955:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8931:Diet of Worms
8929:
8927:
8926:
8922:
8921:
8920:
8917:
8916:
8914:
8912:
8908:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8865:
8862:
8861:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8836:
8834:
8832:
8831:Protestantism
8826:
8822:
8814:
8811:
8810:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8777:
8774:
8773:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8651:
8650:
8647:
8641:
8638:
8637:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8617:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8597:
8595:
8593:
8589:
8583:
8582:North America
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8482:
8480:
8478:
8472:
8466:
8463:
8459:
8456:
8455:
8454:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8382:
8379:
8378:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8358:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8321:
8320:
8317:
8316:
8314:
8312:
8308:
8302:
8299:
8295:
8291:
8288:
8287:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8245:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8222:
8219:
8218:
8217:
8214:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8203:
8199:
8193:
8192:Early African
8190:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8175:Justin Martyr
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8152:
8151:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8096:
8095:
8092:
8091:
8089:
8087:
8081:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8049:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7996:
7995:Life of Jesus
7993:
7991:
7988:
7987:
7985:
7983:Apostolic Age
7979:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7874:
7872:
7868:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7853:
7850:
7846:
7839:
7834:
7832:
7827:
7825:
7820:
7819:
7816:
7808:
7807:
7802:
7798:
7791:
7790:
7785:
7781:
7777:
7776:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7762:
7757:
7753:
7752:
7749:Puritan works
7742:
7737:
7734:
7730:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7716:
7712:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7694:
7690:
7686:
7682:
7681:
7676:
7672:
7667:
7664:
7660:
7659:
7648:
7646:0-687-03402-7
7642:
7638:
7634:
7629:
7625:
7623:0-9700326-0-9
7619:
7615:
7610:
7606:
7602:
7598:
7594:
7589:
7574:
7570:
7566:
7562:
7558:
7554:
7550:
7546:
7542:
7535:
7530:
7526:
7520:
7516:
7511:
7499:
7495:
7489:
7485:
7484:
7478:
7474:
7470:
7466:
7462:
7458:
7454:
7449:
7445:
7439:
7434:
7433:
7426:
7422:
7417:
7413:
7407:
7402:
7401:
7394:
7390:
7384:
7380:
7375:
7374:
7367:
7363:
7358:
7354:
7349:
7345:
7340:
7336:
7330:
7326:
7322:
7317:
7313:
7308:
7304:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7284:
7279:
7275:
7273:0-521-07441-X
7269:
7264:
7263:
7257:
7253:
7241:
7237:
7231:
7227:
7226:
7220:
7216:
7210:
7207:. Macmillan.
7205:
7204:
7197:
7193:
7188:
7184:
7178:
7173:
7172:
7165:
7161:
7155:
7150:
7149:
7142:
7130:
7126:
7120:
7116:
7115:
7109:
7105:
7099:
7094:
7093:
7086:
7074:
7070:
7064:
7060:
7059:
7053:
7041:
7037:
7031:
7027:
7026:
7021:
7017:
7013:
7009:
7005:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6988:
6984:
6982:0-19-506905-6
6978:
6974:
6973:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6954:
6949:
6948:
6941:
6938:
6932:
6928:
6927:
6921:
6909:
6905:
6899:
6895:
6894:
6889:
6885:
6882:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6864:
6860:
6854:
6850:
6849:
6843:
6839:
6833:
6830:. Routledge.
6829:
6824:
6812:
6808:
6804:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6789:
6783:
6779:
6778:
6772:
6768:
6762:
6758:
6754:
6750:
6745:
6741:
6735:
6731:
6726:
6722:
6716:
6712:
6707:
6703:
6699:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6684:
6678:
6674:
6668:
6664:
6663:Amazon Kindle
6660:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6642:
6638:
6636:0-405-07671-1
6632:
6628:
6623:
6619:
6607:
6603:
6601:0-385-11164-9
6597:
6593:
6589:
6588:
6583:
6579:
6578:
6564:
6560:
6554:
6547:
6543:
6539:
6534:
6527:
6523:
6518:
6511:
6506:
6499:
6494:
6478:
6474:
6467:
6460:. p. 47.
6459:
6455:
6448:
6440:
6433:
6425:
6421:
6420:
6415:
6408:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6386:
6382:
6378:
6377:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6331:
6330:
6322:
6315:
6314:
6310:
6307:
6300:
6298:
6290:
6285:
6279:, p. 83.
6278:
6273:
6267:, p. 81.
6266:
6261:
6259:
6252:, p. 80.
6251:
6246:
6238:
6233:, p. 70.
6232:
6227:
6219:
6213:
6205:
6199:
6198:Crompton 1976
6194:
6186:
6181:, p. 20.
6180:
6179:Crandell 1997
6175:
6173:
6165:
6160:
6153:
6148:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6132:Chestertonian
6129:
6124:
6109:
6103:
6099:
6094:
6093:
6084:
6068:
6064:
6058:
6042:
6038:
6034:
6028:
6026:
6018:
6013:
6005:
6004:The Telegraph
6001:
5995:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5965:
5949:
5945:
5944:
5938:
5931:
5923:
5916:
5910:, p. 58.
5909:
5904:
5897:
5892:
5884:
5877:
5871:, p. 60.
5870:
5865:
5858:
5853:
5847:, p. 80.
5846:
5841:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5811:
5809:
5800:
5788:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5771:
5763:
5756:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5710:
5703:
5695:
5683:
5679:
5673:
5669:
5668:
5660:
5653:
5648:
5646:
5629:
5625:
5619:
5617:
5608:
5601:
5599:
5591:
5586:
5578:
5574:
5573:History Today
5570:
5563:
5556:
5551:
5545:, p. 79.
5544:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5526:, p. 49.
5525:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5502:
5495:
5494:Harrison 2001
5490:
5481:
5473:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5447:
5446:
5438:
5422:
5418:
5417:"BLS History"
5412:
5404:
5397:
5390:
5385:
5378:
5373:
5366:
5361:
5354:
5349:
5342:
5337:
5330:
5325:
5319:, p. 76.
5318:
5313:
5311:
5303:
5298:
5291:
5286:
5279:
5274:
5267:
5262:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5240:
5232:
5225:
5217:
5216:
5210:
5203:
5196:
5191:
5185:, p. 30.
5184:
5179:
5172:
5167:
5161:, p. 35.
5160:
5155:
5149:, p. 82.
5148:
5143:
5141:
5133:
5128:
5122:, p. 37.
5121:
5116:
5110:, p. 93.
5109:
5104:
5098:, p. 81.
5097:
5092:
5086:, p. 91.
5085:
5080:
5074:, p. 82.
5073:
5068:
5061:
5060:Ahlstrom 2004
5056:
5054:
5046:
5045:Ahlstrom 2004
5041:
5035:, p. 72.
5034:
5029:
5023:, p. 69.
5022:
5017:
5015:
5013:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4980:, p. 65.
4979:
4974:
4968:, p. 33.
4967:
4962:
4960:
4953:, p. 49.
4952:
4947:
4940:
4939:Amazon Kindle
4936:
4931:
4925:, p. 32.
4924:
4919:
4917:
4909:
4908:Amazon Kindle
4905:
4900:
4893:
4888:
4881:
4876:
4870:, p. 38.
4869:
4864:
4858:, p. 59.
4857:
4852:
4850:
4843:, p. 37.
4842:
4837:
4830:
4825:
4819:, p. 43.
4818:
4813:
4807:, p. 44.
4806:
4801:
4799:
4791:
4790:Ahlstrom 2004
4786:
4784:
4777:, p. 43.
4776:
4771:
4769:
4761:
4760:Ahlstrom 2004
4756:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4742:
4741:Ahlstrom 2004
4737:
4731:, p. 42.
4730:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4714:, p. 40.
4713:
4708:
4701:
4696:
4689:
4688:Ahlstrom 2004
4684:
4678:, p. 35.
4677:
4672:
4665:
4664:Ahlstrom 2004
4660:
4652:
4650:0-8203-1285-1
4646:
4643:. p. 3.
4642:
4638:
4631:
4623:
4621:0-486-28294-5
4617:
4613:
4606:
4598:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4579:
4571:
4569:0-313-30982-5
4565:
4561:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4526:
4521:
4519:
4510:
4508:0-684-81363-7
4504:
4500:
4496:
4489:
4481:
4474:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4435:
4429:, p. 41.
4428:
4423:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4388:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4368:
4361:
4356:
4349:
4348:Leighton 2004
4344:
4336:
4335:
4329:
4324:
4318:
4316:
4308:
4303:
4296:
4291:
4284:
4279:
4272:
4267:
4260:
4255:
4248:
4243:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4217:
4211:, p. 42.
4210:
4205:
4198:
4193:
4186:
4181:
4175:, p. 37.
4174:
4169:
4167:
4160:, p. 36.
4159:
4154:
4147:
4142:
4135:
4130:
4124:, p. 49.
4123:
4118:
4111:. p. 37.
4110:
4106:
4105:H. L. Mencken
4099:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4056:
4051:
4044:
4039:
4031:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4005:
4004:
3996:
3990:, p. 18.
3989:
3984:
3977:
3972:
3970:
3961:
3955:
3948:
3943:
3936:
3931:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3904:
3897:
3892:
3886:, p. 98.
3885:
3884:Spraggon 2003
3880:
3876:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3850:Plymouth Rock
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3817:John Winthrop
3815:
3812:
3811:Thomas Parker
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3782:Paradise Lost
3778:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3757:Thomas Hooker
3755:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3738:John Endecott
3736:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3678:Peter Bulkley
3676:
3673:
3669:
3668:John Brockett
3666:
3665:
3663:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3592:
3587:
3585:
3584:Edward Taylor
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3524:
3515:
3513:
3508:
3504:
3503:Anti-Catholic
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3437:
3436:Boston Common
3433:
3428:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3358:Boston Common
3355:
3351:
3347:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3315:Massachusetts
3311:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3292:Globe Theatre
3289:
3285:
3284:
3283:Histriomastix
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3266:sexualization
3262:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3200:whipping post
3197:
3196:branding iron
3191:
3189:
3188:Edmund Andros
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3151:
3146:
3137:
3135:
3134:Royal Society
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3098:Merton Thesis
3089:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3062:Cotton Mather
3059:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3035:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2997:Second Coming
2994:
2988:
2986:
2985:Revelation 20
2982:
2978:
2974:
2973:Last Judgment
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2933:millennialism
2928:
2921:Millennialism
2918:
2916:
2915:William Phips
2912:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2668:pastoral care
2665:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2625:popular print
2621:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2476:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2465:Antinomianism
2462:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2433:Arthur Dent's
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2398:justification
2395:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2252:Dudley Fenner
2249:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2159:Protestantism
2156:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:Organizations
2117:
2116:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:New Calvinism
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:Neo-Calvinism
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2013:United States
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:Denominations
1987:
1986:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1908:Charles Hodge
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:Philip Schaff
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:Moses Amyraut
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Theodore Beza
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1791:
1790:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1694:List of texts
1687:
1686:
1679:
1678:Scholasticism
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1663:Lord's Supper
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1613:Protestantism
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1584:Theodore Beza
1581:
1577:
1576:William Farel
1573:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1519:Edmund Andros
1516:
1515:Cotton Mather
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1413:Nonconformist
1410:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1352:in 1660, the
1351:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:church polity
1298:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1101:. During the
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1084:wedding rings
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:Marian exiles
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1039:church choirs
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1006:
996:
992:
982:
980:
976:
975:Edward Taylor
972:
967:
963:
962:H. L. Mencken
959:
958:
957:Twelfth Night
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
936:
931:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
866:
865:
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:Thomas Fuller
844:
840:
834:
827:
823:
819:
815:
814:William Bates
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:Thomas Manton
795:
791:
786:
777:
775:
771:
766:
761:
759:
758:longer period
755:
751:
747:
746:nonconformist
743:
742:
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
666:
661:
659:
654:
650:
646:
643:were English
642:
630:
625:
623:
618:
616:
611:
610:
608:
607:
599:
595:
591:
586:
583:
582:
575:
574:
566:
565:
561:
559:
558:
557:Paradise Lost
554:
552:
551:
547:
545:
544:
540:
539:
532:
531:
523:
520:
518:
517:John Winthrop
515:
513:
510:
508:
507:Thomas Parker
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
492:Cotton Mather
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
477:John Endecott
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
447:Peter Bulkley
445:
444:
440:
435:
434:
429:
421:
420:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
361:
360:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
306:Marian exiles
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
286:
285:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
263:
256:
255:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
223:
216:
215:
207:
206:Merton thesis
204:
202:
199:
197:
196:Puritan choir
194:
192:
191:Millennialism
189:
187:
184:
182:
181:Impropriation
179:
177:
174:
173:
166:
165:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
141:Nonconformism
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
96:Protestantism
94:
92:
89:
88:
81:
80:
76:
72:
68:
67:
61:
57:
56:
53:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
9391:Charismatics
9374:
9353:Gospel music
9283:Camp meeting
9275:1789âpresent
9207:Missionaries
9177:
9170:
9161:Menno Simons
9105:
9101:Church music
9090:
8952:
8923:
8808:Conciliarism
8793:Papal Schism
8635:Scandinavian
8527:Great Schism
8505:Nestorianism
8477:Christianity
8409:priest holes
8290:Chalcedonian
8253:Christianity
8207:Great Church
8015:Resurrection
7805:
7788:
7774:
7760:
7756:Dent, Arthur
7740:
7732:
7721:
7679:
7671:"Puritanism"
7662:
7632:
7613:
7596:
7592:
7580:. Retrieved
7547:(1): 20â40.
7544:
7540:
7514:
7502:. Retrieved
7482:
7456:
7452:
7431:
7420:
7399:
7372:
7361:
7352:
7343:
7320:
7311:
7286:
7282:
7261:
7256:Lewis, C. S.
7244:. Retrieved
7224:
7202:
7191:
7170:
7147:
7133:. Retrieved
7113:
7091:
7077:. Retrieved
7057:
7044:. Retrieved
7024:
6995:
6991:
6971:
6946:
6925:
6912:. Retrieved
6892:
6870:
6847:
6827:
6815:. Retrieved
6806:
6800:
6776:
6752:
6729:
6710:
6702:Google Books
6700:– via
6682:
6658:
6645:
6626:
6618:Google Books
6616:– via
6610:. Retrieved
6586:
6562:
6553:
6545:
6533:
6517:
6512:, p. 2.
6505:
6493:
6481:. Retrieved
6476:
6466:
6453:
6447:
6438:
6432:
6419:The Guardian
6417:
6407:
6399:Google Books
6375:
6356:Google Books
6328:
6321:
6304:
6284:
6272:
6245:
6226:
6217:
6212:
6193:
6159:
6147:
6123:
6111:. Retrieved
6098:Beacon Press
6091:
6083:
6071:. Retrieved
6057:
6045:. Retrieved
6041:the original
6012:
6003:
5994:
5982:. Retrieved
5973:
5964:
5952:. Retrieved
5941:
5930:
5921:
5915:
5903:
5891:
5882:
5876:
5864:
5852:
5840:
5828:. Retrieved
5799:Google Books
5797:– via
5791:. Retrieved
5781:
5777:
5770:
5761:
5755:
5743:. Retrieved
5718:
5712:
5702:
5694:Google Books
5692:– via
5686:. Retrieved
5666:
5659:
5654:, p. 3.
5652:Barnett 1984
5632:. Retrieved
5606:
5590:Spencer 1935
5585:
5577:the original
5572:
5562:
5555:Spencer 1935
5550:
5501:
5489:
5480:
5472:Google Books
5470:– via
5464:. Retrieved
5444:
5437:
5425:. Retrieved
5411:
5402:
5396:
5384:
5372:
5360:
5353:Maclear 1975
5348:
5341:Maclear 1975
5336:
5329:Maclear 1975
5324:
5302:Maclear 1975
5297:
5285:
5273:
5261:
5248:
5239:
5230:
5224:
5213:
5202:
5190:
5178:
5166:
5154:
5127:
5115:
5108:Johnson 1970
5103:
5091:
5079:
5067:
5040:
5028:
4999:. Retrieved
4985:
4973:
4946:
4930:
4899:
4887:
4882:, p. 4.
4875:
4863:
4836:
4824:
4812:
4736:
4707:
4695:
4683:
4671:
4659:
4636:
4630:
4611:
4605:
4585:
4578:
4555:
4549:
4542:Fischer 1989
4497:. New York:
4494:
4488:
4479:
4473:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4422:
4413:
4407:
4387:
4367:
4360:Fischer 1989
4355:
4343:
4332:
4302:
4290:
4278:
4266:
4254:
4249:, Chapter 5.
4242:
4234:Google Books
4230:the original
4223:
4216:
4204:
4192:
4180:
4153:
4141:
4129:
4117:
4104:
4098:
4089:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4062:
4057:, p. 7.
4050:
4045:, p. 9.
4043:Nuttall 1992
4038:
4030:Google Books
4028:– via
4022:. Retrieved
4002:
3995:
3983:
3978:, p. 4.
3959:
3954:
3949:, p. 3.
3942:
3930:
3921:
3915:
3903:
3891:
3879:
3786:
3780:
3706:'s Governor.
3691:
3624:
3619:William Laud
3596:
3588:
3557:
3542:Perry Miller
3538:
3528:
3501:
3494:
3468:
3441:
3409:
3407:
3395:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3366:
3353:
3343:
3326:
3312:
3295:
3281:
3263:
3243:
3235:cockfighting
3227:blood sports
3222:
3212:
3192:
3155:
3114:famous claim
3104:proposed by
3095:
3070:
3066:Peter Pelham
3037:
3019:
2989:
2930:
2904:
2896:John Stearne
2881:
2869:John Darrell
2858:
2838:
2823:
2810:
2806:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2782:Adam and Eve
2779:
2763:
2729:
2721:Independents
2715:
2691:presbyteries
2676:
2657:
2637:ecclesiology
2634:
2628:
2615:Ecclesiology
2594:
2585:confirmation
2582:
2547:
2526:circumcision
2511:
2503:
2494:
2488:
2469:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2413:Perry Miller
2410:
2383:
2370:regeneration
2363:
2348:
2304:
2292:original sin
2286:. After the
2280:eternal life
2276:Adam and Eve
2268:William Ames
2260:John Preston
2237:
2212:
2211:
2155:Christianity
2153:
2107:
2003:Presbyterian
1968:J. I. Packer
1813:Martin Bucer
1769:
1699:Geneva Bible
1603:Christianity
1527:
1523:
1496:
1452:
1439:meetinghouse
1437:, a Puritan
1403:
1387:
1381:
1357:
1347:
1334:
1294:
1279:
1269:
1245:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1171:, a Puritan
1162:
1107:
1095:clerical cap
1088:
1061:
1046:
1008:
994:
955:
939:
933:
929:
927:
900:
895:
877:
872:
868:
862:
858:
850:
842:
838:
836:
790:Thomas Gouge
764:
762:
754:Presbyterian
740:
733:
718:
710:Independents
690:presbyterian
662:
640:
638:
562:
555:
548:
541:
401:Praying town
136:Independents
91:Christianity
65:
51:
36:
9480:Catholicism
9417:Protestants
9411:Evangelical
9086:39 Articles
9081:Elizabethan
9058:Anglicanism
9038:Westminster
8948:Melanchthon
8911:Lutheranism
8876:Nicodemites
8854:Arminianism
8825:Reformation
8766:Bonaventure
8741:Inquisition
8736:Waldensians
8686:Investiture
8664:Kievan Rus'
8620:Anglo-Saxon
8600:Pelagianism
8592:Middle Ages
8515:Iconodulism
8390:Thomas More
8311:Catholicism
8233:Monasticism
8216:Constantine
8141:Persecution
8099:Adoptionism
8084:Ante-Nicene
8027:Holy Spirit
8010:Crucifixion
7981:Origins and
7882:2nd and 3rd
7504:13 February
7135:14 February
7079:5 September
7046:25 December
6538:Spurr (1998
6522:Spurr (1998
6510:Bremer 2009
6336:. pp.
6164:Foster 1999
6152:Foster 1999
6136:Thomas More
6128:Lewis (1969
5984:17 December
5908:Bremer 2009
5896:Keeble 1987
5869:Bremer 2009
5845:Bremer 2009
5688:24 December
5543:Bremer 2009
5524:Norton 2008
5505:Cohen, 1990
5427:13 November
5389:Bremer 1981
5377:Watras 2008
5365:Bremer 1995
5317:Bremer 2009
5290:Hotson 2000
5278:Bremer 2009
5266:Bremer 2009
5183:Bremer 2009
5159:Ulrich 1976
5147:Saxton 2003
5120:Ulrich 1976
5084:Norton 2011
5033:Bremer 2009
5021:Bremer 2009
4978:Bremer 2009
4856:Bremer 2009
4805:Bremer 2009
4775:Bremer 2009
4729:Bremer 2009
4712:Bremer 2009
4700:Bremer 2009
4676:Bremer 2009
4525:Bremer 2009
4451:(1): 1â28.
4323:Lee, Sidney
4307:Lamont 1969
4259:Milton 1997
4134:Coffin 1987
3908:Miller 2008
3896:Cliffe 2002
3795:James Noyes
3777:John Milton
3748:evangelical
3688:John Bunyan
3576:John Bunyan
3572:John Milton
3529:The Puritan
3485:. In 1661,
3350:Springfield
3338:banned book
3250:fornication
3231:bearbaiting
3167:Whitsuntide
3126:correlation
2961:historicist
2949:Joseph Mede
2892:East Anglia
2884:witch hunts
2813:temporality
2775: 1660
2755:Family life
2703:Interregnum
2590:blasphemous
2536:, who made
2461:Arminianism
2417:indulgences
2386:Bible study
2288:fall of man
2244:John Calvin
2053:Amyraldians
2008:South Korea
1928:John Machen
1828:John Calvin
1794:Theologians
1704:Confessions
1608:Reformation
1580:John Calvin
1499:John Cotton
1317:Erastianism
1041:, a formal
1035:Catholicism
1019:Elizabeth I
979:John Cotton
915:Holy Spirit
888:Separatists
802:John Flavel
780:Terminology
645:Protestants
502:James Noyes
467:John Cotton
452:John Bunyan
259:Confessions
121:Arminianism
116:Anglicanism
101:Reformation
66:The Puritan
9506:Puritanism
9495:Categories
9202:Revivalism
9123:Anabaptism
9071:Henry VIII
8896:Literature
8520:Iconoclasm
8500:Chrysostom
8453:Vatican II
8419:Jansenists
8405:Mass rocks
8341:Lateran IV
8260:Athanasius
8180:Tertullian
8124:Marcionism
8119:Gnosticism
8072:Revelation
7990:Background
7582:4 November
7246:28 October
7194:. P&R.
7096:. Viking.
7020:Gay, Peter
6880:093855820X
6648:. London:
6612:28 October
6113:26 January
6073:26 January
5171:Demos 1970
5132:Demos 1970
4966:Spurr 1998
4951:White 1999
4923:Spurr 1998
4892:Spurr 1998
4868:Spurr 1998
4841:Spurr 1998
4829:Spurr 1998
4495:John Adams
4283:Kelly 1992
4247:Spurr 1998
4209:Craig 2008
4197:Craig 2008
4185:Craig 2008
4173:Craig 2008
4158:Craig 2008
4055:Spurr 1998
4024:4 November
3988:Spurr 1998
3976:Spurr 1998
3947:Spurr 1998
3866:References
3860:Work ethic
3805:Philip Nye
3599:antinomian
3568:capitalism
3556:argued in
3300:Drury Lane
3254:Folk dance
3005:apocalypse
2977:Antichrist
2853:witchcraft
2818:catechised
2672:discipline
2660:prelatical
2623:Polemical
2534:godparents
2514:sacraments
2406:born again
2374:conversion
2345:Conversion
2225:sinfulness
2213:Puritanism
2078:Neonomians
2048:Afrikaners
1938:Karl Barth
1903:John Nevin
1597:Background
1447:Calvinists
1305:episcopacy
1127:John Field
1123:Parliament
1027:bishoprics
940:puritanism
706:Separatist
682:Calvinists
84:Background
18:Puritanism
9368:Ecumenism
9318:Adventism
9308:Mormonism
9244:Millerism
9239:Methodism
9194:1640â1789
9096:Civil War
9043:Orthodoxy
8998:Huguenots
8980:Calvinism
8965:Eucharist
8960:Orthodoxy
8844:Eucharist
8776:Five Ways
8726:Dulcinian
8679:Pomerania
8605:Gregory I
8449:Vatican I
8439:Modernism
8424:Molinists
8414:Guadalupe
8285:Chalcedon
8280:Ephesus I
8270:Augustine
8146:Apostolic
8129:Montanism
8094:Diversity
7870:Centuries
7707:750831024
7605:1535-0584
7569:144156297
6650:Routledge
6584:(2004) .
6483:26 August
6017:West 2003
5830:18 August
5001:21 August
4271:Hill 1972
3724:political
3554:Max Weber
3546:modernity
3483:theocracy
3479:Mary Dyer
3432:Mary Dyer
3408:The 1653
3402:recusancy
3175:the Beast
3159:Christmas
3110:Max Weber
3047:Education
2861:exorcisms
2737:Brownists
2611:in 1642.
2390:preaching
2319:salvation
2300:damnation
2208:Calvinism
2063:Huguenots
2042:Movements
1873:John Owen
1833:John Knox
1588:John Knox
1542:Calvinism
1476:Caribbean
1376:Dissenter
1364:Civil War
1260:Levellers
1173:manifesto
1053:vestments
1031:deaneries
971:virginity
966:Peter Gay
921:over the
911:Familists
859:precisian
849:, in his
822:John Howe
818:John Owen
686:episcopal
424:Elsewhere
111:Calvinism
9501:Puritans
9460:Theology
9448:Missions
9443:Timeline
9415:Mainline
9363:Pacifism
9212:Baptists
9131:Theology
9091:Puritans
9066:Timeline
9008:Scotland
8936:Theology
8783:Wycliffe
8731:Crusades
8706:Bogomils
8659:Bulgaria
8615:Germanic
8567:Ethiopia
8465:Timeline
8243:Nicaea I
8238:Councils
8170:Irenaeus
8165:Ignatius
8160:Polycarp
8114:Donatism
8109:Docetism
8104:Arianism
8005:Ministry
7803:(1620).
7786:(1627).
7772:(1610).
7758:(1601).
7573:Archived
7498:Archived
7325:ABC-CLIO
7258:(1969).
7240:Archived
7129:Archived
7073:Archived
7040:Archived
7022:(1984).
6969:(1989).
6908:Archived
6890:(1988).
6869:(1987),
6811:Archived
6757:ABC-CLIO
6606:Archived
6561:(1971).
6479:. Lowell
6424:Archived
6395:Archived
6383:. 2006.
6381:ABC-CLIO
6352:Archived
6309:Archived
6067:Archived
6047:12 March
5978:Archived
5948:Archived
5824:Archived
5787:Archived
5745:10 March
5739:Archived
5682:Archived
5634:11 March
5628:Archived
5460:Archived
5421:Archived
5247:(1911).
4995:Archived
4396:Archived
4376:Archived
4122:Gay 1984
4070:(1916).
4018:Archived
3834:See also
3720:military
3603:Baptists
3448:Anglican
3319:toasting
3304:West End
3280:'s book
3246:gambling
3229:such as
3206:and the
3120:and the
2967:and the
2931:Puritan
2749:Baptists
2687:sessions
2499:surplice
2456:(1630).
2445:(1603),
2438:(1601),
2421:penances
2223:, human
2108:Puritans
2098:Pilgrims
2030:Anglican
1625:Theology
1551:a series
1549:Part of
1474:and the
1472:Virginia
1200:revised
1091:surplice
1023:Reformed
952:Malvolio
944:antonyms
935:hedonism
864:stickler
670:doctrine
641:Puritans
52:Puritans
44:a series
42:Part of
9453:Martyrs
9249:Pietism
9179:Ausbund
9151:MĂźntzer
9076:Cranmer
9023:Baptism
8988:Zwingli
8839:Erasmus
8788:Avignon
8771:Aquinas
8761:Francis
8756:Dominic
8716:Cathars
8711:Bosnian
8701:Bernard
8696:Abelard
8669:Moravia
8654:Bohemia
8640:Iceland
8562:Serbian
8542:Georgia
8537:Armenia
8475:Eastern
8376:Jesuits
8052:Gospels
8000:Baptism
7677:(ed.).
7561:2712475
7303:1921563
7012:2674233
6914:23 June
6574:Sources
5954:6 April
5793:19 June
5735:2085847
5626:. BBC.
4465:2139228
4225:Divines
3799:Newbury
3730:of the
3682:Concord
3653:of the
3607:Quakers
3452:Baptist
3430:Quaker
3302:in the
3270:theatre
3268:of the
3219:James I
3215:Sabbath
3204:bilboes
3130:Pietism
3082:Harvard
2900:gallows
2685:(local
2631:, 1647.
2627:with a
2402:imputed
1658:Baptism
1537:Beliefs
1264:Quakers
1256:Ranters
1185:eirenic
1165:James I
1115:bishops
1043:liturgy
985:History
930:puritan
907:Seekers
903:Quakers
896:Puritan
873:Puritan
869:Puritan
843:Puritan
839:Puritan
765:Puritan
364:America
289:England
219:History
9141:Grebel
8993:Calvin
8919:Luther
8813:Synods
8691:Anselm
8674:Poland
8630:Gothic
8625:Franks
8610:Celtic
8577:Russia
8557:Syriac
8547:Greece
8434:Teresa
8381:Xavier
8319:Papacy
8265:Jerome
8185:Origen
8086:period
7861:Spread
7705:
7695:
7643:
7620:
7603:
7567:
7559:
7521:
7490:
7473:360356
7471:
7440:
7408:
7385:
7331:
7301:
7270:
7232:
7211:
7179:
7156:
7121:
7100:
7065:
7032:
7010:
6979:
6955:
6933:
6900:
6877:
6855:
6834:
6817:26 May
6784:
6763:
6736:
6717:
6694:
6669:
6633:
6598:
6387:
6344:
6140:Luther
6104:
5733:
5674:
5466:8 June
5452:
4647:
4618:
4593:
4566:
4505:
4463:
4010:
3631:church
3444:Quaker
3274:Thames
3258:branle
3239:boxing
3202:, the
3198:, the
3179:carols
3171:popery
3163:Easter
3150:Boston
3028:(1867)
2955:, and
2849:demons
2695:synods
2601:Psalms
1586:, and
1461:under
1368:Calamy
1315:, and
1262:, and
1119:elders
1055:, and
909:, and
772:, the
692:, and
596:other
9375:solae
9373:Five
9166:Smyth
9018:TULIP
8941:Bible
8649:Slavs
8552:Egypt
8510:Icons
8361:Trent
8351:Leo X
8248:Creed
7793:(PDF)
7673:. In
7576:(PDF)
7565:S2CID
7557:JSTOR
7537:(PDF)
7469:JSTOR
7299:JSTOR
7008:JSTOR
5731:JSTOR
4461:JSTOR
3871:Notes
3421:tithe
2845:devil
2683:laity
2558:bread
2429:piety
2394:mercy
2359:saint
2351:faith
2327:merit
2315:grace
2311:elect
2284:works
2229:Bible
1690:Texts
1453:Some
1399:Whigs
1380:1662
923:Bible
674:piety
535:Works
73:, in
9425:left
9423:and
9413:and
9263:and
9261:Neo-
9028:Dort
9013:Knox
8859:Wars
8451:and
8407:and
8400:Wars
8057:Acts
7972:21st
7967:20th
7962:19th
7957:18th
7952:17th
7947:16th
7942:15th
7937:14th
7932:13th
7927:12th
7922:11th
7917:10th
7703:OCLC
7693:ISBN
7685:Sage
7641:ISBN
7618:ISBN
7601:ISSN
7584:2018
7519:ISBN
7506:2020
7488:ISBN
7438:ISBN
7406:ISBN
7383:ISBN
7329:ISBN
7268:ISBN
7248:2020
7230:ISBN
7209:ISBN
7177:ISBN
7154:ISBN
7137:2020
7119:ISBN
7098:ISBN
7081:2016
7063:ISBN
7048:2021
7030:ISBN
6977:ISBN
6953:ISBN
6931:ISBN
6916:2020
6898:ISBN
6875:ISBN
6853:ISBN
6832:ISBN
6819:2022
6782:ISBN
6761:ISBN
6734:ISBN
6715:ISBN
6692:ISBN
6667:ISBN
6631:ISBN
6614:2020
6596:ISBN
6485:2024
6385:ISBN
6342:ISBN
6237:help
6204:help
6185:help
6138:and
6115:2023
6102:ISBN
6075:2023
6049:2022
5986:2020
5956:2020
5832:2013
5795:2010
5747:2022
5690:2020
5672:ISBN
5636:2022
5468:2018
5450:ISBN
5429:2020
5003:2010
4645:ISBN
4616:ISBN
4591:ISBN
4564:ISBN
4503:ISBN
4026:2012
4008:ISBN
3722:and
3702:was
3605:and
3582:and
3450:and
3233:and
3165:and
3096:The
3086:Yale
2905:The
2863:for
2847:and
2743:and
2651:and
2562:wine
2560:and
2419:and
2337:and
2323:Hell
2317:and
2246:and
1501:and
1295:The
1270:The
1234:The
1129:and
1093:and
1029:and
1009:The
977:and
942:are
938:and
886:", "
824:and
752:and
708:and
639:The
590:U.S.
8970:Art
8828:and
8803:Hus
8366:Art
7912:9th
7907:8th
7902:7th
7897:6th
7892:5th
7887:4th
7877:1st
7549:doi
7461:doi
7291:doi
7000:doi
6338:102
5723:doi
4453:doi
3221:'s
3112:'s
3024:by
2719:or
2221:God
1441:in
954:in
9497::
8292:/
8148:/
7701:.
7687:;
7639:.
7635:.
7597:35
7595:.
7571:.
7563:.
7555:.
7545:28
7543:.
7539:.
7496:.
7467:.
7455:.
7381:.
7327:.
7323:.
7297:.
7287:32
7285:.
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7127:.
7071:.
7038:.
7006:.
6996:56
6994:.
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6805:.
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6686:.
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