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discontinuity when going from the lowest note to the highest note. This discontinuity appears between the notes "ga" and "ma" on a
Carnatic flute and between "Ma" and "Pa" for a Hindustani flute (mainly because of the fingering technique differences). In order to adapt the flute to Carnatic Music, certain modifications were necessary such as the addition of the 7th hole, usage of thicker walled bamboos, the technique of lifting the head to change the angle of embouchure when shifting between "ga" and "ma" notes. These innovations enabled artists to perform the Carnatic ragas with all the necessary
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357:. The fingers of both hands are used to close and open the holes. It has a blowing hole near one end, and eight closely placed finger holes. The instrument comes in various sizes. The venu is also a highly respected instrument and those who play it are expected to appreciate it, for it is considered a gift to be able to play it.
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The flute pitch is usually marked on the blowing end. It is denoted either in numbers on a Venu from 1 to 7 with or without (1/2, indicating one semitone higher) or as per the standard Pitch letters on a
Bansuri from A to G with or without (#-Sharps/b-Flats). The size varies up to 12 sizes in length,
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is usually thicker and denser and grows in Kerala or southern Tamil Nadu. It is darker and produces clear and rich mellow tone. The material used in
Bansuri is mostly thin walled bamboo (but longer in length and diameter). It is lighter in color and produces a light airy tone (it is called
430:
had not been a part of the
Carnatic classical music until the pioneering innovations of Shri Sharaba Shastri and later revisions and updates on his design by Shri T.R. Mahalingam (fondly called Flute Mali). Due to the underlying physics of sound production, flutes have a natural "cut" or a
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Angling the flute against the blowing hole, allows the artist to modify and fine tune a note to the original pitch. While blowing the air, the artist can choose either continuous blowing or non-continuous blowing or even use the tough/lips to vibrate the air to play the music.
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Slow opening and slow closing the hole allows the music curves/pitching to move between one note to another note while continuously blowing, even two/three fingers can be slow closed and slow opened while continuously blowing. This sound curving technique produces the
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The artist can use the finger to close the hole half or quarter or three quarter to make different sounds, even though the sound does not falls in the standard keyboard but it is up to the imagination of the music artist to make those sounds.
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each providing different pitches. The diameter of the flute also varies based on the pitch. With Lower octaves the diameter and length of flute increase, whereas in case of Higher octaves, the diameter and length of the flute is smaller.
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the top three finger holes are closed to achieve this note. The way the notes are played is also slightly different. Carnatic music emphasizes the "gayaki style" or "the style of imitating the human voice". Hence the usage of
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In order to get an initial sound out of the flute, one can blow air into the embouchure hole. This technique is common for all transverse flutes such as the
Western flute, the Bansuri, the Chinese Dizi flute etc.
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This technique allows the artist to play almost 30+ notes in one flute. As a standard the black keys in a keyboard can be sounded in a flute with half finger closed on the corresponding hole.
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and andolans require a nimble hold and a way to bend the notes smoothly on a Venu. Bansuri is more suited to
Hindustani style of music due to its importance on long sustained notes and fast
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There are many custom sized flutes available. Some flutes even go beyond 1 meter length. There is no limit in the imagination of these kind of flute constructions. Few examples are
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Venu is constructed with eight playing holes and one blowing hole. Of these eight playing holes, seven are actually used for playing and the last finger hole is used in tuning. The
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398:) finds great mention in Indian mythology and folklore having been listed as among the three original instruments meant for music along with the human voice and the
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Often beginners in India find themselves in a dilemma on what kind of flute to begin playing on as India has two distinct kinds of transverse flutes. They are the
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705:(1926-1986), a child venuist prodigy who started playing the flute at the age of five years. He is most popularly known as "Mali" or sometimes "Flute Mali."
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and also has a typical two and half octave sound reproduction. Sliding the fingers on and off the holes allows for production of variety of
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Extreme strong blows allow the artist to even play few extra notes beyond the range the flute (some times leads to whistle sound).
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The
Transition from Ga to Pa is an essential aspect which is to be practiced appropriately under the Guidance of a Flute Teacher.
1101:"World Record - longest and smallest flute playing performance in a concert, Anahat Venu (12 feet) and Chetanya Venu (1 Inch)"
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usually only have six holes. These differences are mainly to accommodate the different styles of music that are played on it.
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458:(South Indian bamboo flute). The main differences between these two are the raw material, construction and style of playing.
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has six playing holes and one blowing hole. There have been certain artists that have experimented with an additional
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text on music and performance arts. The ancient
Sanskrit texts of India describe other side blown flutes such as the
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typically made from bamboo, that is a side blown wind instrument. It continues to be in use in the South Indian
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507:. These two instruments serve different styles of music and hence the difference in playing and construction.
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419:, who is often depicted playing it. This kind of flute is mainly used in South India. Vishnu is portrayed as
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hole (thumb hole to achieve the note Pa) and Teevra ma hole at the end. However, standard
215:(వేణువు) in Telugu (Andhra Pradesh & Telangana). It is also called as Carnatic Flute.
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can be used to construct a flute in a very simple way, simply using common scissors.
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has six holes, is about the thickness of a thumb, and twelve fingers long. A longer
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The
Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent
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The blowing intensity needs to be changed carefully without distorting the sound.
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Northern Indian Music, Volume 1. Theory & technique; Volume 2. The main rāgǎs
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Sound and
Communication: An Aesthetic Cultural History of Sanskrit Hinduism
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This technique allows the artist to play like a Song of male from the bird
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729:(1927-2002), grandson of Veena Dhanammal and brother of Balasaraswati
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This article is about the ancient Indian flute. For the name, see
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191:. In the south, it is also called by various other names such as
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Nettl, Bruno; Ruth M. Stone; James Porter; Timothy Rice (1998),
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is capable of producing two and half octaves with the help of
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Muraḷi, Vēṇuvu, Pillana grōvi, Kūḷalu, Pullangkuḻal, Oodakuḻal
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Bruno Nettl; Thomas Turino; Isabel Wong; et al. (2015).
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1337:(fourth ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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and ornamentations without losing the "Bhaava" of the raga.
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has eight holes, between twelve and seventeen fingers long.
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or ಮುರಳಿ (muraļi) in Kannada (Karnataka) . It is known as
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353:, the instrument is a key-less transverse flute made of
240:, but sometimes these terms are used interchangeably. A
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573:. In Carnatic Music, the swaras are denoted as per the
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is discussed as an important musical instrument in the
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tradition. It is referred to as nadi and tunava in the
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The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, 2 Volume Set
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is achieved by closing the top two finger holes. On a
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185:. In northern Indian music, a similar flute is called
1387:
Indian Music in Performance: A Practical Introduction
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is a musical instrument common in Krishna iconography
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627:string to get the bending/pitching note or using a
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461:Raw material preferred for making the South Indian
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699:(1906 - 1992), a disciple of Palladam Sanjiva Rao.
372:. The flute is like the human voice in that it is
1098:
2779:
1139:. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
259:is a part of the iconography of Hindu god shree
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1383:
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527:and Anahat Venu, which can go up to 12 feet.
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1158:The Dictionary of Hindustani Classical Music
1428:
1071:
693:(1882-1962), a disciple of Sharaba Shastri.
623:. This can be related to hard pressing the
305:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
80:More than 2.5 Octaves (8-hole bamboo flute)
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1220:Evolution of Raga and Tala in Indian Music
1051:. Motilal Banarsidass. 2003. p. 217.
982:
510:
34:. For the American streaming service, see
1246:. Oxford & Indiana University Press.
1137:Sonic Theology: Hinduism and Sacred Sound
1107:
1078:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 149–150.
1075:Sanskrit Play Production in Ancient India
1048:The Bhaktirasāmṛtasindhu of Rūpa Gosvāmin
537:
349:One of the oldest musical instruments of
325:Learn how and when to remove this message
2056:
1355:Music and Musical Thought in Early India
1289:
1236:
1197:
1153:
740:, (1946-1990) disciple of T.R.Mahalingam
550:
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248:has four holes and two hands longs. The
203:(കുറുന് കുഴൽ) in Malayalam (Kerala) and
1491:
1429:Wilke, Annette; Moebus, Oliver (2011).
770:(1934-2015), disciple of T.R.Mahalingam
195:(புல்லாங்குழல்) in Tamil (Tamil Nadu),
14:
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956:"venu -- flute -- Sanskrit Dictionary"
780:Sikkil Sisters - Kunjumani & Neela
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1465:
1176:
1021:
1001:. Taylor & Francis. p. 691.
1384:Sorrell, Neil; Narayan, Ram (1980).
1134:
454:(North Indian bamboo flute) and the
303:adding citations to reliable sources
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1411:Indian Music: History and Structure
1154:Caudhurī, Vimalakānta Rôya (2000).
24:
1836:
1120:. Sangeet Bharati. pp. 14–20.
641:
423:, playing the flute of creation.
382:, important in the performance of
25:
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1450:
1372:
785:
2813:Eight tone hole wind instruments
2658:Non-Membranous Percussion (Ghan)
2522:Membranous Percussion (Avanaddh)
1379:. Indian music Publishing House.
900:
886:
711:, Disciple of T.K. Radhakrishnan
675:Problems playing this file? See
657:
631:in an Electronic/MIDI keyboard.
594:Half finger closed musical notes
546:
275:
1390:. Manchester University Press.
1358:. University of Chicago Press.
1334:The Harvard Dictionary of Music
1180:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide
1128:
634:
1457:Carnatic Flute Fingering Chart
1275:. The Rosen Publishing Group.
1092:
1065:
1039:
988:
948:
684:
13:
1:
1269:Lochtefeld, James G. (2002).
941:
758:, Disciple of T.R.Mahalingam
667:Carnatic 8-hole flute pitch E
1331:Randel, Don Michael (2003).
1293:Semiosis in Hindustani Music
1290:Martinez, José Luiz (2001).
723:, Disciple of T.R.Mahalingam
111:More articles or information
7:
2745:Historical/possibly extinct
879:
762:K.S. Narayanaswamy, (Flute)
153:
10:
2839:
2798:Indian musical instruments
2793:Carnatic music instruments
2290:Indian musical instruments
1117:Carnatic Music - Sadhakams
1099:Azharuddin Shaikh (2016).
931:Bamboo musical instruments
571:Hindustani Classical Music
555:Basic 8 Notes playing with
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267:Construction and technique
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998:Excursions in World Music
557:full hole closing/opening
181:and other Vedic texts of
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2228:Chinese folk flute music
1373:P, Sambamoorthy (1982).
1243:The Ragas of North India
1222:. Munshiram Manoharlal.
1114:K.N. Shivakumar (2019).
856:Sikkil Mala Chandrasekar
161:) is one of the ancient
105:List of Indian Flautists
2721:Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya
1296:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1162:. Motilal Banarsidass.
756:Dindigul S.P. Natarajan
521:Double contrabass flute
511:Flute sizes and pitches
411:is associated with the
2726:Indian classical music
2481:Bowed Stringed (Vitat)
2378:Plucked Stringed (Tat)
1352:Rowell, Lewis (2015).
1205:. London: C. Johnson.
1177:Dalal, Roshen (2014).
960:Sanskritdictionary.org
697:H. Ramachandra Shastry
646:
558:
538:Making the first sound
346:
167:Indian classical music
121:H. Ramachandra Shastry
1973:Native American flute
1435:. Walter de Gruyter.
1218:Gautam, M.R. (1993).
862:Kudamaloor Janardanan
834:Guruvayoor Srikishnan
721:Manda Balarama Sharma
645:
554:
404:(vaani-veena-venu).
340:
2233:List of compositions
1072:Tarla Mehta (1995).
873:Shashank Subramanyam
840:Tiruchy L. Saravanan
828:K. S. Gopalakrishnan
691:Palladam Sanjiva Rao
299:improve this section
117:Palladam Sanjiva Rao
1602:Simple system flute
1406:Te Nijenhuis, Emmie
561:Playing includes a
439:Difference between
211:(పిల్లన గ్రోవి) or
86:Related instruments
45:
2455:Electronic tanpura
2212:Shepherd's whistle
1414:. BRILL Academic.
1135:Beck, Guy (1993).
1036:, pp. 99–103.
850:Thiagarajan Ramani
744:Prapancham Sitaram
733:Cochin Ranganathan
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612:characteristic of
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2639:Jori (instrument)
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2076:Soprano (descant)
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1685:Double contrabass
1442:978-3-11-024003-0
1397:978-0-7190-0756-9
1365:978-0-226-73034-9
1344:978-0-674-01163-2
1324:978-0-8240-4946-1
1303:978-81-208-1801-9
1282:978-0-8239-2287-1
1253:978-0-253-34780-0
1190:978-81-8475-277-9
1183:. Penguin Books.
1169:978-81-208-1708-1
1146:978-0-87249-855-6
1085:978-81-208-1057-0
1058:978-81-208-1861-3
1008:978-1-317-35029-3
715:T.K.Radhakrishnan
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2467:Vichitra veena
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2113:
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1535:Five-key flute
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1500:
1489:
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1451:External links
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921:Carnatic Music
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786:Of the present
784:
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727:T. Viswanathan
724:
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614:Carnatic music
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488:The Sa on the
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386:-based music.
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281:
274:
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228:, the classic
205:ಕೊಳಲು (koḷalu)
201:kurungu kuḻal
175:Carnatic music
133:
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129:T. Viswanathan
113:
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58:Classification
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26:
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2:
2835:
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2803:Bamboo flutes
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2299:
2297:Wind (Sushir)
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2200:
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2185:
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2170:
2168:
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2154:
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2127:
2117:
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2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
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2092:
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2084:
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2081:Alto (treble)
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2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
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1998:Slide whistle
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1948:Hydraulophone
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1714:Anasazi flute
1712:
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1680:Subcontrabass
1678:
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1655:Flûte d'amour
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1427:
1423:
1421:90-04-03978-3
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1317:, Routledge,
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848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:(1936 - 2019)
835:
832:
829:
826:
824:(1930 - 2015)
823:
820:
817:
814:
812:(1922 - 2020)
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
789:
781:
778:
776:(1941 - 2016)
775:
772:
769:
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698:
695:
692:
689:
688:
680:
678:
654:
653:sound samples
632:
630:
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622:
617:
615:
611:
610:
603:
600:
591:
587:
584:
581:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
563:Musical Scale
553:
547:Musical notes
544:
535:
533:
528:
526:
522:
517:
508:
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505:
500:
495:
491:
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367:
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358:
356:
352:
344:
339:
329:
326:
318:
315:December 2016
308:
304:
300:
294:
293:
289:
284:This section
282:
278:
273:
272:
264:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:
225:Natya Shastra
221:
216:
214:
210:
209:pillana grōvi
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
155:
148:
142:
141:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
106:
102:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
78:
75:
74:Playing range
71:
67:
64:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2823:Telugu music
2788:Venu players
2762:Kinnari vina
2752:Ālāpiṇī vīṇā
2529:Anandalahari
2395:Gottuvadhyam
2368:
2153:Willow flute
1781:Nose whistle
1611:
1431:
1410:
1386:
1375:
1354:
1333:
1313:
1292:
1271:
1242:
1219:
1202:
1179:
1157:
1136:
1129:Bibliography
1116:
1109:
1094:
1074:
1067:
1047:
1041:
1029:
1017:
997:
990:
963:. Retrieved
959:
950:
908:Music portal
894:India portal
868:Raman Kalyan
845:Ludwig Pesch
804:K. Bhaskaran
792:G.Raghuraman
674:
635:Venu players
618:
607:
604:
601:
597:
588:
585:
582:
579:
560:
541:
529:
518:
514:
502:
498:
493:
489:
487:
482:
478:
474:
472:
467:
462:
460:
455:
451:
449:
444:
440:
432:
427:
425:
408:
406:
399:
395:
393:
377:
366:over-blowing
361:
359:
348:
342:
321:
312:
297:Please help
285:
256:
254:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
223:
219:
217:
212:
208:
204:
200:
199:(ഓടകുഴൽ) or
196:
192:
186:
158:
139:
138:
136:
40:
27:Indian flute
18:Pullanguzhal
2818:Tamil music
2767:Pinaka vina
2405:Rudra veena
2086:Voice flute
2028:Tin whistle
1968:Low whistle
1903:Almpfeiferl
1670:Contra-alto
1587:Irish flute
1582:Glass flute
1034:Rowell 2015
798:G. S. Rajan
774:A.V.Prakash
752:(1918-2015)
717:(1919-2003)
685:Of the past
629:Pitch Wheel
394:The flute (
193:pullanguḻal
169:. It is an
143:(Sanskrit:
49:Other names
36:Venu Sports
2782:Categories
2680:Jal tarang
2445:Swarmandal
2425:Seni Rebab
2354:Shruti box
2329:Nadaswaram
2106:Contrabass
2101:Great bass
2023:Tabor pipe
1978:Organ pipe
1771:Nose flute
1744:Shakuhachi
1675:Contrabass
1022:Dalal 2014
942:References
738:B.N.Suresh
677:media help
621:Asian koel
421:Venugopala
374:monophonic
197:oodakuḻal
68:Instrument
2609:Mridangam
2309:Harmonium
2238:Tone hole
2192:Molinukai
2071:Sopranino
2058:Recorders
2008:Spilåpipa
1993:Sjøfløyte
1933:Flageolet
1913:Dentsivka
1908:Atenteben
1690:Hyperbass
1545:Kagurabue
1376:The Flute
858:(b. 1963)
852:(b. 1962)
830:(b. 1948)
818:(b. 1937)
806:(b. 1961)
800:(b. 1962)
764:(d. 2003)
575:Melakarta
286:does not
171:aerophone
99:Musicians
2690:Khanjani
2675:Ghungroo
2619:Pakhawaj
2440:Swarabat
2435:Surbahar
2175:Gemshorn
2148:Koncovka
2130:Overtone
2066:Garklein
2003:Souravli
1983:Salamuri
1923:Dvoyanka
1851:Larchemi
1788:Pinkillu
1776:Kalaleng
1739:Hotchiku
1724:Floghera
1570:Shinobue
1497:whistles
1408:(1974).
1240:(1968).
1201:(1949).
965:21 April
880:See also
875:(b.1978)
864:(b.1969)
794:(b.1968)
768:N Ramani
746:(d.2014)
577:System.
532:PVC pipe
183:Hinduism
157:/मुरळि;
66:Woodwind
2705:Morsing
2700:Manjira
2695:Khartal
2599:Mardala
2579:Kanjira
2503:Sarinda
2498:Sarangi
2488:Dilruba
2450:Tanpura
2410:Santoor
2349:Shehnai
2344:Shankha
2304:Bansuri
2202:Tonette
2197:Ocarina
2143:Kalyuka
2048:Zuffolo
2038:Whistle
2013:Stabule
1928:Flabiol
1876:Soinari
1866:Paixiao
1846:Kuvytsi
1823:Washint
1813:Šupelka
1808:Sopilka
1650:Concert
1645:Soprano
1635:Piccolo
1627:Concert
1575:Yokobue
1565:Ryūteki
1555:Minteki
1550:Komabue
1520:Daegeum
1515:Bansuri
916:Bansuri
750:N. Kesi
530:Even a
499:gamakas
494:bansuri
483:bansuri
479:pancham
475:bansuri
468:jawaari
452:bansuri
441:bansuri
433:gamakas
417:Krishna
390:History
379:gamakas
307:removed
292:sources
261:Krishna
250:vamsika
238:vamsika
188:bansuri
179:Rigveda
93:Bansuri
2736:Jivari
2685:Kartal
2670:Ghatam
2665:Chimta
2649:Udukai
2629:Sambal
2614:Nagada
2604:Mizhav
2584:Khamak
2574:Edakka
2569:Dholki
2564:Dholak
2544:Damaru
2539:Chenda
2534:Chande
2513:Violin
2390:Ektara
2385:Dotara
2364:Tharai
2359:Sringa
2324:Kuzhal
2314:Karnay
2180:Pifana
2167:Vessel
2138:Fujara
2043:Xirula
2033:Txistu
1943:Fujara
1895:Fipple
1861:Miskal
1818:Svirel
1803:Sodina
1761:Kōauau
1729:Frilka
1640:Treble
1607:Tambin
1560:Nohkan
1493:Flutes
1439:
1418:
1394:
1362:
1341:
1321:
1300:
1279:
1260:
1250:
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1211:851080
1209:
1187:
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1005:
567:Sargam
355:bamboo
246:murali
234:murali
213:vēṇuvu
159:muraļi
63:Indian
2714:Other
2644:Tavil
2634:Tabla
2624:Parai
2594:Madal
2554:Duggi
2549:Dhaak
2493:Esraj
2462:Veena
2430:Sitar
2420:Sarod
2339:Pungi
2334:Nafir
2319:Kombu
2243:Uakti
2221:Other
2091:Tenor
2018:Tarka
1963:Kuisi
1958:Khlui
1953:Khloy
1938:Frula
1918:Diple
1798:Quray
1756:Kaval
1719:Danso
1706:blown
1617:Xindi
1592:Koudi
1507:blown
1505:Side-
1262:11369
625:Veena
609:gamak
504:taans
413:Hindu
401:veena
351:India
230:Hindu
131:etc..
2589:Khol
2559:Dhol
2508:Taus
2472:Yazh
2400:Pena
2369:Venu
2096:Bass
1988:Shvi
1871:Siku
1828:Xiao
1793:Qina
1751:Gudi
1704:End-
1665:Bass
1660:Alto
1612:Venu
1530:Fife
1525:Dizi
1495:and
1437:ISBN
1416:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1339:ISBN
1319:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1277:ISBN
1258:OCLC
1248:ISBN
1224:ISBN
1207:OCLC
1185:ISBN
1164:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1080:ISBN
1053:ISBN
1003:ISBN
967:2021
490:venu
463:venu
456:venu
445:venu
443:and
428:venu
426:The
415:god
409:venu
407:The
396:venu
384:raga
368:and
362:venu
360:The
343:venu
290:any
288:cite
257:venu
242:venu
236:and
220:venu
218:The
154:vēṇu
147:वेणु
140:venu
137:The
44:Vēṇu
2207:Xun
2187:Hun
1881:Wot
1856:Nai
1838:Pan
1766:Ney
1734:Fue
1597:Sáo
1540:Fue
565:or
301:by
165:of
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523:,
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255:A
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127:,
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119:,
2282:e
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