781:
Sidwell (2015:114) lists the following Proto-Palaungic forms that are also shared with Khmuic but not with other
Austroasiatic branches, and is unsure of whether they diffused from Palaungic to Khmuic or vice versa.
100:
homeland was adjacent to the
Palaungic homeland, resulting in many lexical borrowings among the two branches due to intense contact. Sidwell (2014) suggests that the word for 'water' (Proto-Palaungic *ʔoːm), which
844:
841:
1308:
860:
Sidwell, Paul and Felix Rau (2015). "Austroasiatic
Comparative-Historical Reconstruction: An Overview." In Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell, eds (2015).
911:
814:
1433:
1313:
1325:
904:
701:
Sidwell (2015) notes that
Palaungic and Khmuic share many lexical items, but considers this phenomenon to be a result of
123:
The following list of Proto-Palaungic reconstructions, organized by semantic category, is from
Sidwell (2015: 100-111).
883:
897:
118:
709:. Sidwell (2015:112-113) lists the following Proto-Palaungic forms as having diffused from Palaungic into Khmuic.
1687:
1006:
765:
Sidwell (2015:113) lists the following Proto-Palaungic forms as having diffused from Khmuic into
Palaungic.
2742:
2662:
2317:
2278:
1320:
1163:
820:
869:
Proto
Palaungic phonology: reconstructing vowel lengths and qualities in a partially restructured system
2103:
2747:
1602:
1893:
920:
66:
2676:
2610:
1623:
1597:
2719:
2683:
2615:
1332:
2690:
2245:
1840:
8:
2492:
1759:
1303:
1138:
1128:
660:
62:
45:
30:
2478:
2371:
1906:
1878:
1660:
1337:
966:
933:
106:
102:
2620:
2576:
2566:
2487:
2411:
2286:
2218:
1812:
1724:
1526:
1521:
1225:
879:
702:
2436:
1911:
2519:
2497:
2468:
2421:
2357:
2345:
2322:
2296:
2291:
2268:
2098:
2082:
2072:
2062:
1962:
1830:
1790:
1729:
1699:
1554:
1461:
1412:
1285:
1186:
1097:
1092:
1052:
1032:
706:
109:
for his
Northern Mon-Khmer branch, was likely borrowed from Palaungic into Khmuic.
97:
868:
2553:
2452:
2447:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2263:
2134:
2052:
2047:
1989:
1916:
1883:
1639:
1607:
1531:
1495:
1402:
1262:
1123:
1057:
1042:
996:
991:
986:
981:
961:
956:
848:
1001:
2713:
2650:
2605:
2589:
2584:
2502:
2442:
2430:
2381:
2376:
2366:
2202:
2197:
2181:
2176:
2166:
2150:
2037:
2014:
1937:
1932:
1863:
1855:
1795:
1774:
1714:
1428:
1241:
1143:
1133:
1113:
1037:
1011:
976:
971:
842:
The
Palaungic Languages: Classification, Reconstruction and Comparative Lexicon
289:
282:
58:
2736:
2627:
2171:
2077:
2067:
2042:
1957:
1868:
1719:
1655:
1572:
1511:
1479:
1438:
1386:
1371:
1363:
1353:
1257:
1118:
1087:
1067:
1027:
874:
Shorto, Harry L. Sidwell, Paul, Doug Cooper and
Christian Bauer, eds. 2006.
2561:
2312:
1901:
1835:
1745:
1516:
1407:
1381:
1376:
1209:
1204:
1047:
951:
89:
77:
889:
2057:
1873:
1845:
1820:
1062:
758:
2406:
1825:
84:(homeland) of Proto-Palaungic was in what is now the border region of
81:
878:. Canberra: Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics.
93:
462:
85:
696:
16:Reconstructed ancestor of the Palaungic languages
2734:
905:
278:*ɓaːʔ ‘paddy rice’ (restricted distribution)
919:
119:Proto-Austroasiatic language § Lexicon
912:
898:
862:The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages
2735:
112:
2648:
2541:
2343:
2243:
1987:
1685:
1552:
1459:
1283:
1184:
931:
893:
2649:
1686:
769:Khmuic > Palaungic lexical forms
713:Palaungic > Khmuic lexical forms
13:
2718:Languages between parentheses are
1309:Northern, Thanh Hóa, Huế, Southern
876:A Mon–Khmer Comparative Dictionary
14:
2759:
2616:Western Khmer (Chanthaburi Khmer)
697:Lexical similarities with Khmuic
307:*ʋɔk ‘hook’ / ‘to reap, harvest’
105:had used as one of the defining
815:Proto-Palaungic reconstructions
334:Agriculture and village economy
2722:of the language on their left.
2244:
833:
421:*-lac ‘needle’ (< ‘insert’)
1:
826:
2611:Northern Khmer (Surin Khmer)
932:
821:Proto-Austroasiatic language
7:
808:
72:
10:
2764:
2542:
2344:
1553:
1460:
1284:
1185:
637:Housing and infrastructure
481:*kəɗoːʔ ‘plantain, banana’
442:*ɗi(ː)ŋ ‘bamboo container’
116:
2704:
2657:
2644:
2598:
2575:
2552:
2548:
2537:
2511:
2477:
2461:
2420:
2356:
2352:
2339:
2305:
2277:
2256:
2252:
2239:
2211:
2190:
2159:
2143:
2127:
2120:
2091:
2030:
2023:
2007:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1983:
1950:
1925:
1892:
1854:
1811:
1804:
1783:
1767:
1758:
1738:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1681:
1648:
1632:
1616:
1590:
1581:
1565:
1561:
1548:
1504:
1488:
1472:
1468:
1455:
1421:
1395:
1362:
1346:
1296:
1292:
1279:
1250:
1234:
1218:
1197:
1193:
1180:
1156:
1106:
1083:
1076:
1020:
944:
940:
927:
852:. München: Lincom Europa.
745:*kʋɤj ‘above, upper part’
724:*ɓɤs ‘carry on head/back’
658:*plaŋ ‘thatching-grass’ (
493:*cənɤ/am ‘herb, medicine’
454:Fruits and plant products
80:(2015) suggests that the
36:
26:
21:
736:*gɔːʔ ‘friend; relative’
652:*rəmɤs ‘bamboo flooring’
376:*rəŋɔ/aŋ ‘knife (iron?)’
1640:Somray (Northern Chong)
921:Austroasiatic languages
774:*ɟɤːl ‘light in weight’
655:*tɔ(ː)ŋ ‘ladder, stair’
310:*ʋɤc ‘to reap, harvest’
295:*soːŋ ‘to steam (rice)’
161:1st person (exclusive)
147:1st person (inclusive)
67:mainland Southeast Asia
730:*cəˀŋam ‘clear, clean’
679:*rɔːŋ ‘ditch, channel’
373:*tərɗɔŋ ‘gourd bottle’
370:*-luŋ ‘eggplant/gourd’
325:*piɛr ‘winnowing tray’
316:*ˀmaːr ‘swidden field’
275:*rəŋkoːʔ ‘husked rice’
272:*-gɔr ‘ear (of grain)’
27:Reconstruction of
839:Sidwell, Paul. 2015.
595:*plɤːm ‘leech (land)’
433:*-siːʔ ‘rope, string’
385:*lak ‘to hoe, hammer’
382:*kɔk ‘handle of tool’
379:*ɓoːj ‘dipper, ladle’
298:*səkaːm ‘chaff, bran’
57:is the reconstructed
777:*kla(ː)w ‘testicles’
622:*ʋaːk ‘insect, worm’
589:*ŋruːɲ ‘ant/termite’
505:Domesticated animals
418:*ʋaːc ‘knife, sword’
319:*ɟiək ‘to cultivate’
301:*cəmaːl ‘seed grain’
2743:Palaungic languages
2663:Proto-Austroasiatic
2318:Southern Nicobarese
1708:Khasi-Pnar-Lyngngam
804:*sŋɔːʔ ‘paddy rice’
786:*-daːk ‘palm, sole’
661:Imperata cylindrica
559:*caːr ‘grasshopper’
553:*ɓa/ɤr ‘flying ant’
499:*smɤːʔ ‘vine, cord’
472:*ləŋʋaːʔ ‘fig tree’
436:*ruːp ‘fishing net’
397:*kliːŋ ‘metal bell’
269:*sŋɔːʔ ‘paddy rice’
216:*tVj ‘that (dist.)’
210:*nɔʔ ‘this (prox.)’
113:Reconstructed forms
107:lexical innovations
63:Palaungic languages
46:Proto-Austroasiatic
31:Palaungic languages
847:2019-10-23 at the
739:*kərɗi(ː)ŋ ‘navel’
691:*kraːʔ ‘road, way’
676:*-ɗeːŋ ‘road, way’
667:*-rɔŋ ‘post, pole’
625:*-ʔiːp ‘centipede’
598:*-praːŋ ‘mosquito’
586:*ɲaŋ ‘caterpillar’
583:*mrɤɲ ‘body louse’
355:*t.kiəl ‘cucumber’
263:Cereal cultivation
227:*diːʔ ‘one, alone’
2730:
2729:
2714:extinct languages
2700:
2699:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1946:
1945:
1754:
1753:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1152:
1151:
703:lexical diffusion
613:*saːj ‘bee, wasp’
565:*gɔŋ ‘grub, worm’
529:*mənaːʔ ‘buffalo’
490:*cɤ/am ‘to plant’
484:*rəʋɔj ‘sour fig’
388:*tiəm ‘to hammer’
322:*guːm ‘to winnow’
313:*moːl ‘to dibble’
304:*kənɟaːn ‘sickle’
202:
201:
127:Personal pronouns
52:
51:
2755:
2646:
2645:
2550:
2549:
2539:
2538:
2354:
2353:
2341:
2340:
2254:
2253:
2241:
2240:
2125:
2124:
2028:
2027:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1985:
1984:
1809:
1808:
1765:
1764:
1705:
1704:
1696:
1695:
1683:
1682:
1588:
1587:
1563:
1562:
1550:
1549:
1470:
1469:
1457:
1456:
1317:
1294:
1293:
1281:
1280:
1195:
1194:
1182:
1181:
1081:
1080:
942:
941:
929:
928:
914:
907:
900:
891:
890:
864:. Leiden: Brill.
853:
837:
795:*krlaːŋ ‘planet’
754:*(ʰ)ɲɤk ‘sticky’
707:language contact
688:*kraːs ‘veranda’
685:*kroːr ‘granary’
670:*ˀjɤːŋ ‘village’
649:*təʋaːŋ ‘hearth’
607:*-riːt ‘cricket’
604:*rɔːj ‘housefly’
532:*traːk ‘buffalo’
478:*rəmɔːs ‘banana’
424:*pəɲeːʔ ‘needle’
367:*-piːr ‘pumpkin’
352:*ləŋaːʔ ‘sesame’
328:*kroːr ‘granary’
288:*səɓeʔ ‘millet,
131:
130:
19:
18:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2748:Proto-languages
2733:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2696:
2670:Proto-Palaungic
2653:
2651:Proto-languages
2632:
2594:
2571:
2544:
2525:
2507:
2473:
2457:
2416:
2348:
2327:
2301:
2273:
2248:
2223:
2207:
2186:
2155:
2139:
2108:
2087:
2019:
1992:
1967:
1942:
1921:
1888:
1850:
1800:
1779:
1750:
1734:
1690:
1688:Khasi–Palaungic
1665:
1644:
1628:
1612:
1583:
1577:
1557:
1536:
1500:
1484:
1464:
1443:
1417:
1391:
1358:
1342:
1311:
1288:
1267:
1246:
1230:
1214:
1189:
1168:
1148:
1102:
1072:
1016:
936:
923:
918:
867:Sidwell, Paul.
857:
856:
849:Wayback Machine
838:
834:
829:
811:
789:*-jaːŋ ‘female’
748:*laj ‘to trade’
705:due to intense
699:
694:
673:*-ruʔ ‘village’
634:
628:*-ʔɔːr ‘hornet’
601:*raːk ‘termite’
580:*-mɔːt ‘weevil’
568:*ʰraːc ‘maggot’
562:*cɔːʔ ‘red ant’
544:
541:*koːŋ ‘peacock’
535:*ʔiɛr ‘chicken’
502:
475:*klɔːj ‘banana’
451:
415:*təcɔːs ‘knife’
412:*-gɤːŋ ‘pillow’
409:*-ɓeʔ ‘clothes’
331:
260:
248:*təpuːl ‘seven’
236:*ləʔɔːj ‘three’
121:
115:
103:Gérard Diffloth
75:
55:Proto-Palaungic
48:
41:
39:
22:Proto-Palaungic
17:
12:
11:
5:
2761:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2716:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2546:
2545:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2459:
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2427:
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2250:
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2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2188:
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2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2161:
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2154:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1993:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
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1920:
1919:
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1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1806:
1805:East Palaungic
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1784:West Palaungic
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
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1755:
1752:
1751:
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1614:
1613:
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1610:
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1600:
1594:
1592:
1585:
1582:Western Pearic
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1559:
1558:
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1541:
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1534:
1529:
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1519:
1514:
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1506:
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1482:
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1415:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1397:
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1384:
1379:
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1368:
1366:
1360:
1359:
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1356:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1300:
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1289:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
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1245:
1244:
1238:
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1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1222:
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1215:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
948:
946:
938:
937:
925:
924:
917:
916:
909:
902:
894:
888:
887:
872:
865:
855:
854:
831:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:
818:
810:
807:
806:
805:
802:
799:
798:*-nuːs ‘mouth’
796:
793:
792:*kəlɔːŋ ‘seed’
790:
787:
779:
778:
775:
771:
770:
763:
762:
755:
752:
751:*mɔk ‘to fell’
749:
746:
743:
742:*kɤːŋ ‘to dig’
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
727:*bliɛs ‘spear’
725:
722:
721:*ʔiɛk ‘armpit’
719:
715:
714:
698:
695:
693:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
640:
639:
638:
633:
632:
631:*kəʔaːɲ ‘wasp’
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
574:*lVŋ ‘firefly’
572:
571:*-lɔːʔ ‘snail’
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
556:*ɓeːŋ ‘spider’
554:
550:
549:
548:
543:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
508:
507:
506:
501:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
469:*pliːʔ ‘fruit’
467:
457:
456:
455:
450:
449:
446:
443:
440:
439:*ɟɔːr ‘basket’
437:
434:
431:
430:*cəduːʔ ‘silk’
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
394:*plaːʔ ‘blade’
392:
391:*bliɛs ‘spear’
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
364:*səroːɁ ‘taro’
362:
361:*-meːʔ ‘sugar’
359:
356:
353:
350:
349:*cəmaːl ‘seed’
347:
346:*kəlɔːŋ ‘seed’
344:
343:*rəɓaːj ‘bean’
341:
337:
336:
335:
330:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
286:
279:
276:
273:
270:
266:
265:
264:
259:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
224:
223:
222:
218:
217:
214:
211:
207:
206:
205:Demonstratives
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
129:
128:
114:
111:
74:
71:
59:proto-language
50:
49:
44:
42:
37:
34:
33:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2760:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2677:Proto-Khmeric
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2590:Bugan (Pakan)
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:Chaura-Teresa
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1624:Western Chong
1622:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:Central Chong
1596:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
930:
926:
922:
915:
910:
908:
903:
901:
896:
895:
892:
885:
884:0-85883-570-3
881:
877:
873:
870:
866:
863:
859:
858:
851:
850:
846:
843:
836:
832:
822:
819:
816:
813:
812:
803:
801:*tɤːʔ ‘smoke’
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
784:
783:
776:
773:
772:
768:
767:
766:
760:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
733:*criːl ‘gold’
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
716:
712:
711:
710:
708:
704:
690:
687:
684:
682:*dap ‘to dam’
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
662:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
643:*gaːŋ ‘house’
642:
641:
636:
635:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
610:*-riɛŋ ‘wasp’
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
592:*pəsiɛr ‘bee’
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
577:*maʔ ‘insect’
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
551:
547:Invertebrates
546:
545:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
526:*mɤk ‘cattle’
525:
522:
520:*mraŋ ‘horse’
519:
516:
513:
510:
509:
504:
503:
498:
496:*ˀjɤc ‘drunk’
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
464:
460:*ɟriːʔ ‘fig,
459:
458:
453:
452:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
427:*ɟiŋ ‘to sew’
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
406:*cətuŋ ‘drum’
405:
403:*klɔːŋ ‘drum’
402:
400:*kruːŋ ‘drum’
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
338:
333:
332:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
287:
284:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
267:
262:
261:
256:
253:
251:*taːʔ ‘eight’
250:
247:
244:
242:*pəsan ‘five’
241:
238:
235:
233:*ləʔaːr ‘two’
232:
229:
226:
225:
220:
219:
215:
212:
209:
208:
204:
203:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
141:
138:
135:
133:
132:
126:
125:
124:
120:
110:
108:
104:
99:
96:, China. The
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
47:
43:
38:Reconstructed
35:
32:
29:
25:
20:
2709:
2689:
2684:Proto-Aslian
2682:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2518:
2512:unclassified
2435:
1532:Phong-Kniang
875:
861:
840:
835:
817:(Wiktionary)
780:
764:
718:*ʔɔːt ‘wipe’
700:
659:
616:*smuːc ‘ant’
538:*daːʔ ‘duck’
517:*-leːk ‘pig’
461:
445:*baːn ‘tray’
340:*pɔŋ ‘tuber’
254:*tiːm ‘nine’
239:*poːn ‘four’
122:
90:Sipsongpanna
78:Paul Sidwell
76:
54:
53:
2691:Proto-Munda
1841:Muak Sa-aak
1312: [
1198:West Katuic
759:sambar deer
646:*rɔŋ ‘wall’
619:*suːt ‘bee’
523:*miɛw ‘cat’
514:*cɔːʔ ‘dog’
511:*bɛʔ ‘goat’
487:*ˀrɤs ‘fig’
448:*suːr ‘bag’
358:*miəm ‘tea’
290:Job's tears
257:*kɤːl ‘ten’
245:*tɔːl ‘six’
230:*moːh ‘one’
213:*neʔ ‘this’
195:*gaːr, *gɛʔ
192:*ʔan; *ʔɤːn
189:3rd person
175:2nd person
2737:Categories
2493:Semaq Beri
2481:(Southern)
2360:(Northern)
2246:Nicobarese
2191:Gutob-Remo
2160:Sora-Gorum
2024:Kherwarian
1422:Phong–Liha
1304:Vietnamese
1297:Viet-Muong
1139:Mel-Khaonh
827:References
117:See also:
2720:varieties
2712:indicate
2621:Khmer Khe
2424:(Central)
2372:Cheq Wong
1907:Quang Lam
1894:Bit-Khang
1879:Meung Yum
1760:Palaungic
1505:Phay-Pram
281:*səkɔːj ‘
170:*ˀjɛ/eːʔ
2567:Nyah Kur
2488:Mah Meri
2479:Semelaic
2306:Southern
2287:Nancowry
2092:Santalic
2031:Mundaric
1725:Lyngngam
1649:Southern
1633:Northern
1522:Ksingmul
1321:in China
1219:Ta'oihic
934:Bahnaric
845:Archived
809:See also
757:*tjaːk ‘
221:Numerals
136:singular
82:Urheimat
73:Homeland
40:ancestor
2710:Italics
2577:Pakanic
2520:Kenaboi
2498:Semelai
2469:Jah Hut
2462:Jah Hut
2407:Ten'edn
2323:Shompen
2297:Katchal
2292:Camorta
2279:Central
2269:Teressa
2099:Santali
2083:Agariya
2073:Majhwar
2063:Mundari
1963:Tai Loi
1831:Man Met
1813:Angkuic
1791:Palaung
1730:Maharam
1617:Western
1591:Central
1584:(Chong)
1413:Thavưng
1098:Tampuan
1093:Tariang
1077:Central
1053:Nyaheun
142:plural
61:of the
2599:Others
2543:Others
2453:Temiar
2448:Semnam
2422:Senoic
2402:Mintil
2397:Minriq
2392:Kintaq
2387:Kensiu
2358:Jahaic
2346:Aslian
2264:Chaura
2135:Kharia
2128:Kharia
2053:Birhor
2048:Birjia
1951:Others
1917:Bumang
1884:Savaiq
1700:Khasic
1661:Sa'och
1608:Kasong
1555:Pearic
1496:Mlabri
1489:Mlabri
1462:Khmuic
1403:Maleng
1286:Vietic
1263:Phuong
1187:Katuic
1129:Ra’ong
1124:Stieng
1058:Sapuan
997:Rengao
992:Bahnar
987:Sedang
982:Todrah
962:Kayong
957:Halang
882:
283:millet
198:*giːʔ
98:Khmuic
94:Yunnan
2606:Khmer
2585:Bolyu
2554:Monic
2503:Temoq
2443:Semai
2437:Sabüm
2431:Lanoh
2412:Wila'
2382:Jedek
2377:Jahai
2367:Batek
2203:Gutob
2198:Bonda
2182:Lodhi
2177:Juray
2167:Gorum
2151:Juang
2144:Juang
2121:South
2038:Korwa
2015:Korku
2008:Korku
2001:North
1990:Munda
1938:Kiorr
1933:Lamet
1926:Lamet
1912:Kháng
1864:Blang
1796:Riang
1775:Danau
1768:Danau
1715:Khasi
1603:Samre
1429:Phong
1338:Nguồn
1333:Mường
1326:in US
1316:]
1242:Pacoh
1235:Pacoh
1226:Ta'Oi
1144:Thmon
1134:Mnong
1114:Chrau
1107:South
1038:Laven
1012:Katua
977:Monom
972:Takua
967:Kaco’
945:North
463:Ficus
184:*pɛʔ
181:*paːr
178:*miːʔ
167:*jaːr
156:*ʔɛʔ
153:*ʔaːj
150:*ʔɔːʔ
2628:Mang
2219:Gta’
2212:Gta’
2172:Sora
2078:Turi
2068:Koda
2043:Asur
1958:Kuan
1869:Lawa
1856:Waic
1720:Pnar
1656:Suoi
1573:Pear
1566:Pear
1527:O’du
1512:Prai
1480:Khmu
1473:Khmu
1439:Liha
1434:Tuom
1387:Sach
1372:Arem
1364:Chứt
1354:Cuoi
1347:Cuoi
1258:Katu
1251:Katu
1157:East
1119:Koho
1088:Alak
1068:Brao
1033:Jru'
1028:Lavi
1021:West
1007:Duan
880:ISBN
139:dual
88:and
86:Laos
2562:Mon
2313:Car
2104:Kol
1902:Bit
1836:Mok
1746:War
1739:War
1517:Mal
1408:Kri
1396:Kri
1382:Ruc
1377:May
1210:Bru
1205:Kuy
1164:Cua
1048:Juk
1043:Su'
1002:Hrê
952:Jeh
92:in
65:of
2739::
2058:Ho
1874:Wa
1846:Va
1821:Hu
1314:vi
1063:Oi
69:.
1826:U
913:e
906:t
899:v
886:.
871:.
761:’
664:)
466:’
292:’
285:’
164:-
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