2863:
42:
1071:
165:
93:
1939:
2875:
22:
556:
2851:
101:
2839:
820:
Rudoy, A., 1998, Mountain ice-dammed lakes of southern
Siberia and their influence on the development and regime of the intracontinental runoff systems of North Asia in the late Pleistocene, in Benito, G., Baker, V.R., and Gregory, K.J., eds., Paleohydrology and Environmental Change: John Wiley and
824:
Thorson, R.M., 1989, Late
Quaternary paleofloods along the Porcupine River, Alaska—Implication for regional correlation, in Carter, L.D., Hamilton, T.D., and Galloway, J.P., eds., Late Cenozoic history of the interior basins of Alaska and the Yukon: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1026, p.
223:
to rise. When the water pressure is too high, then the giant bridge collapses in what has become a major tourist attraction. This sequence occurred last on 4 March 2012, the previous having taken place four years before, in July 2008.
807:
Lord, M.L., and Kehew, A.E., 1987, Sedimentology and paleohydrology of glacial-lake outburst deposits in southeastern
Saskatchewan and northwestern North Dakota: Geological Society of America Bulletin v. 99, p.
811:
Matsch, C.L., 1983, River Warren, the southern outlet of
Glacial Lake Agassiz, in Teller, J.T., and Lee, Clayton, Glacial Lake Agassiz: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 26, p. 231–244.
274:, the rapid and catastrophic release of dammed water resulting in the formation of gorges and other structures downstream from the former lake. Good examples of these structures can be found in the
126:
of Peru, where 70% of all tropical glaciers are. Several such lakes have formed rapidly during the 20th century. These lakes may burst, creating a hazard for zones below. Many natural dams (usually
828:
Vaughn, D., and Ash, D.W., 1983, Paleohydrology and geomorphology of selected reaches of the upper Wabash River, Indiana: Geological
Society of America Program with Abstracts, v. 15, no. 6, p. 711.
611:
in
Lincolnshire are examples of a glacial overspill channel created when the water of a proglacial lake rose high enough to breach the lowest point in the containing watershed.
817:
O'Connor, J.E., and Baker, V.R., 1992, Magnitudes and implications of peak discharges from
Glacial Lake Missoula: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 267–279.
243:
burst through the ice dam and exploded downstream, flowing at a rate 10 times the combined flow of all the rivers of the world. Because such ice dams can re-form, these
2277:
2435:
567:
The retreating glaciers of the last ice age, both depressed the terrain with their mass and provided a source of meltwater that was confined against the ice mass.
942:
1002:
775:
791:
O'Connor, J.E., and Costa, J.E., 2004, The world's largest floods, past and present—Their causes and magnitudes: U.S. Geological Survey
Circular 1254, 13 p.
2308:
1975:
1028:
188:
blocks the river, which backs up into a proglacial lake, which eventually overflows or undermines the ice dam, suddenly releasing the impounded water in a
682:
804:
Baker, V.R., Benito, G., and Rudoy, A.N., 1993. Paleo-hydrology of late
Pleistocene superflooding, Altay Mountains, Siberia: Science, 259, p. 348–350.
1279:
1725:
2287:
1719:
814:
Mayo, L.R., 1989, Advance of
Hubbard Glacier and 1986 outburst of Russell Fiord, Alaska, U.S.A.: Annals of Glaciology, v. 13, p. 189–194.
239:, creating a massive lake 2,000 feet (600 m) deep and containing more than 500 cubic miles (2,000 km) of water. Finally this
172:
in 2002 to cause the waters behind the glacier to rise 61 feet (19 m) over 10 weeks in a proglacial lake until they broke through.
1070:
1968:
753:
726:
1653:
1629:
1617:
108:, Norway located below Lenangsbreene glaciers and surrounded by several moraines formed during Younger Dryas and early Holocene
1272:
666:
1961:
1659:
853:
1899:
772:
1889:
1592:
1265:
440:
1586:
138:
686:
2905:
2184:
1205:
637:
130:) containing the lake water have been reinforced with safety dams. Some 34 such dams have been built in the
2613:
1320:
219:. Roughly every four years the glacier forms an ice dam against the rocky coast, causing the waters of the
137:
Several proglacial lakes have also formed in recent decades at the end of glaciers on the eastern side of
1683:
271:
189:
2686:
2676:
2054:
2023:
1829:
1556:
902:
336:
712:
571:
is an example of a proglacial lake that existed in east-central North America at the time of the last
2900:
2823:
2807:
2772:
1894:
1550:
1325:
1087:
626:
84:
about 10,000 years ago, large proglacial lakes were a widespread feature in the northern hemisphere.
53:
980:
1849:
1641:
1580:
1598:
1093:
1953:
2910:
2797:
2524:
2519:
1731:
1635:
1574:
1562:
1360:
1247:
1118:
934:
846:
267:
2777:
2762:
2593:
2489:
2484:
2372:
2362:
2302:
2282:
1874:
1809:
1707:
1485:
1439:
1300:
1210:
1055:
958:
875:
870:
263:
240:
228:
212:
2430:
1884:
1839:
1677:
1355:
1310:
1305:
938:
930:
911:
491:
77:
8:
1834:
1623:
1534:
1230:
1164:
1145:
1141:
1112:
1020:
946:
907:
897:
313:
275:
81:
41:
2719:
759:
1914:
1909:
1844:
1183:
608:
169:
49:
1398:
926:
732:
2505:
2002:
1942:
1919:
1814:
1500:
1388:
994:
986:
968:
954:
950:
839:
131:
123:
2757:
707:
2843:
2598:
2543:
2494:
2479:
1449:
1156:
1024:
976:
972:
642:
604:
517:
496:
469:
461:
448:
427:
406:
385:
364:
341:
318:
258:
In some cases, such lakes gradually evaporated during the warming period after the
236:
2696:
2391:
2338:
2267:
2082:
1788:
1757:
1689:
1671:
1429:
1408:
1315:
1016:
1008:
964:
779:
773:
http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/geology/publications/inf/72-2/sec5.htm
509:
487:
279:
244:
232:
201:
34:
2855:
2608:
2603:
2451:
2440:
2420:
2415:
2348:
2323:
2272:
2236:
2231:
2139:
2092:
1924:
1793:
1752:
1220:
1215:
1200:
1133:
600:
568:
354:
220:
177:
164:
30:
2894:
2879:
2709:
2671:
2641:
2636:
2514:
2474:
2469:
2459:
2425:
2396:
2252:
2226:
2134:
2129:
2087:
1904:
1869:
1701:
1695:
1665:
1647:
1568:
1510:
1459:
1444:
1403:
1012:
998:
990:
919:
596:
592:
588:
584:
530:
331:
205:
591:
and inland portions of northern Michigan. Examples in Great Britain include
193:
92:
2867:
2782:
2714:
2704:
2577:
2563:
2357:
2318:
2313:
2247:
2203:
2174:
2169:
2160:
2077:
2044:
2039:
2007:
1854:
1819:
1340:
1335:
1225:
631:
580:
482:
285:
The following table is a partial list of rivers that had glacial ice dams.
252:
197:
148:
On a smaller scale, a mountain glacier may excavate a depression forming a
1257:
2767:
2681:
2666:
2646:
2572:
2553:
2464:
2406:
2382:
2328:
2297:
2292:
2262:
2242:
2218:
2208:
2179:
1984:
1879:
1864:
1859:
1713:
1505:
1393:
1350:
1175:
915:
560:
419:
398:
377:
308:
196:. Some of the largest glacial floods in North American history were from
153:
142:
113:
105:
45:
26:
270:
in the United States, the sudden rupturing of the supporting dam caused
2802:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2628:
2618:
2548:
2534:
2367:
2333:
2097:
1783:
1762:
1495:
1454:
1345:
1129:
892:
884:
576:
559:
Stages of proglacial lakes in the region of the current North American
259:
48:—a proglacial lake impounded by the terminal moraine of the retreating
2874:
184:
to a confluence where the other branch carries an unfrozen river. The
2737:
2257:
2194:
2113:
1104:
1079:
1047:
248:
216:
73:
2049:
1767:
1475:
1039:
359:
127:
21:
1983:
1824:
1434:
1424:
1235:
1043:
862:
620:
572:
185:
69:
65:
555:
2729:
181:
149:
96:
Glacial action forming a cirque to become a tarn, upon melting
2792:
1480:
1383:
119:
122:
have formed a number of proglacial lakes, especially in the
100:
2787:
1490:
831:
211:
A similar event takes place after irregular periods in the
235:, forming a large ice dam that blocked the mouth of the
72:, a glacial ice dam, or by meltwater trapped against an
758:, The Geological Society, 26 March 2004, archived from
168:
The Hubbard Glacier closed off the Russell Fjord from
725:
Reeburgh, William S.; Nebert, D. L. (3 August 1987),
278:
of eastern Washington, an area heavily eroded by the
37:(right). Retreating glaciers are visible at the top.
64:is a lake formed either by the damming action of a
782:USGS The Channeled Scablands of Eastern Washington
683:"Illustrated Glossary of Alpine Glacial Landforms"
2892:
80:of the crust around the ice. At the end of the
1726:Withrow Moraine and Jameson Lake Drumlin Field
724:
664:
152:, which may contain a mountain lake, called a
1969:
1273:
847:
227:About 13,000 years ago in North America, the
1720:Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area
1287:
1976:
1962:
1280:
1266:
854:
840:
634: – Landlocked basin (endorheic basin)
660:
658:
554:
163:
99:
91:
40:
20:
550:
156:, upon the melting of the glacial ice.
2893:
1654:Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail
1618:Chippewa Moraine State Recreation Area
731:, Alaska Science Forum, archived from
623: – Accumulation of ice in a river
118:The receding glaciers of the tropical
1957:
1261:
835:
655:
208:at 60° north on the coast of Alaska.
247:happened at least 59 times, carving
1660:Ice Age National Scientific Reserve
728:The Birth and Death of Russell Lake
701:
575:. Parts of the former lake are now
192:also known by its Icelandic name a
13:
671:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
14:
2922:
1648:Horicon Marsh State Wildlife Area
262:ice age. In other cases, such as
145:, hosts boat trips for tourists.
87:
2873:
2861:
2849:
2837:
1938:
1937:
1593:Origin of the Oak Ridges Moraine
1069:
68:during the retreat of a melting
16:Lake formed by the action of ice
798:
668:U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin
665:Asher-Bolinder, Sigrid (1988).
1656:, Idaho, Oregon and Washington
785:
766:
746:
718:
675:
204:regularly blocks the mouth of
134:to contain proglacial lakes.
25:Argentinian proglacial lakes:
1:
2185:Proglacial lakes of Minnesota
1900:Huelmo–Mascardi Cold Reversal
1206:Greenhouse and icehouse Earth
648:
638:Proglacial lakes of Minnesota
159:
1321:Glacial history of Minnesota
861:
272:glacial lake outburst floods
7:
1684:Kettle Moraine State Forest
1587:Lion's Head Provincial Park
614:
190:glacial lake outburst flood
139:New Zealand's Southern Alps
10:
2927:
2055:West Siberian Glacial Lake
1830:Penultimate Glacial Period
1557:Big Rock (glacial erratic)
903:Penultimate Glacial Period
111:
2832:
2824:List of prehistoric lakes
2816:
2808:Great Tehuelche Paleolake
2750:
2728:
2695:
2627:
2586:
2562:
2533:
2503:
2449:
2405:
2381:
2347:
2217:
2193:
2159:
2152:
2122:
2106:
2070:
2063:
2032:
2016:
1995:
1933:
1895:Late Glacial Interstadial
1802:
1776:
1745:
1674:, Minnesota and Wisconsin
1608:
1551:Arrowhead Provincial Park
1543:
1527:
1468:
1417:
1376:
1369:
1326:List of prehistoric lakes
1293:
1244:
1193:
1174:
1155:
1128:
1103:
1078:
1067:
1038:
883:
869:
627:List of prehistoric lakes
349:O'Connor and Baker, 1992
231:crept southward into the
54:Grand Teton National Park
1850:Holocene glacial retreat
1642:Glacial Lakes State Park
1581:Foothills Erratics Train
778:13 February 2015 at the
300:Peak discharge (10 m/s)
2278:Lake Houghton (glacial)
1890:Bølling–Allerød warming
1630:Devil's Lake State Park
1599:Ovayok Territorial Park
1288:Continental glaciations
1094:Late Paleozoic icehouse
713:Encyclopædia Britannica
200:. In modern times, the
141:. The most accessible,
2520:Kankakee Outwash Plain
2436:Glacial Lake Sammamish
1732:Yosemite National Park
1636:Glacial Lake Wisconsin
1575:Eskers Provincial Park
1563:Cypress Hills (Canada)
1361:Timeline of glaciation
1248:Timeline of glaciation
1115:(579.88 to 579.63 Mya)
564:
268:Glacial Lake Wisconsin
173:
109:
97:
57:
38:
2485:Lake Jordan (Montana)
2373:Glacial Lake Missoula
2363:Glacial Lake Columbia
2303:Nipissing Great Lakes
2283:Glacial Lake Iroquois
1875:Quaternary glaciation
1810:Quaternary glaciation
1708:Mill Bluff State Park
1672:Interstate State Park
1486:Giant current ripples
1301:Cordilleran ice sheet
1211:Great Oxidation Event
558:
477:Vaughn and Ash, 1983
456:Lord and Kehew, 1987
264:Glacial Lake Missoula
241:Glacial Lake Missoula
229:Cordilleran Ice Sheet
213:Perito Moreno Glacier
178:movement of a glacier
167:
112:Further information:
103:
95:
44:
24:
2906:Lacustrine landforms
2844:Geography portal
2614:Lake Nantucket Sound
2431:Glacial Lake Russell
1885:Wisconsin glaciation
1840:Last Glacial Maximum
1356:Post-glacial rebound
1311:Last Glacial Maximum
1306:Laurentide ice sheet
1096:(360 Mya to 260 Mya)
1090:(460 Mya to 430 Mya)
912:Last Glacial Maximum
551:Retreating ice sheet
78:isostatic depression
1870:Pre-Illinoian Stage
1835:Last Glacial Period
1624:Coteau des Prairies
1535:Greenland ice sheet
1231:Milankovitch cycles
908:Last Glacial Period
762:on 17 December 2005
326:Baker et al., 1993
276:Channeled Scablands
2856:History portal
2309:Early Lake Ontario
1915:4.2 kiloyear event
1910:8.2 kiloyear event
1845:Mousterian Pluvial
1577:, British Columbia
1144:(717 to 660 Mya);
1121:(547 to 541.5 Mya)
607:in Shropshire and
565:
174:
170:Disenchantment Bay
110:
104:Lake BlĂĄvatnet in
98:
58:
50:Schoolroom Glacier
39:
2888:
2887:
2880:Oceans portal
2746:
2745:
2416:Glacial Lake Hood
2305:(Multiple basins)
2239:(Multiple basins)
2148:
2147:
2003:Lake Makgadikgadi
1951:
1950:
1920:Piora Oscillation
1880:Sangamonian Stage
1741:
1740:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1255:
1254:
1186:(2.9 to 2.78 Gya)
1065:
1064:
821:Sons, p. 215–234.
689:on 11 August 2007
548:
547:
132:Cordillera Blanca
124:Cordillera Blanca
2918:
2901:Proglacial lakes
2878:
2877:
2868:Lakes portal
2866:
2865:
2864:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2720:Lake San AgustĂn
2599:Lake Connecticut
2544:Lake Monongahela
2495:Lake Musselshell
2480:Lake Great Falls
2157:
2156:
2068:
2067:
1990:and related seas
1988:proglacial lakes
1978:
1971:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1941:
1940:
1541:
1540:
1466:
1465:
1450:Terminal moraine
1374:
1373:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1167:(2.4 to 2.1 Gya)
1157:Paleoproterozoic
1148:(650 to 635 Mya)
1073:
881:
880:
856:
849:
842:
833:
832:
792:
789:
783:
770:
764:
763:
750:
744:
743:
742:
740:
722:
716:
705:
699:
698:
696:
694:
685:. Archived from
679:
673:
672:
662:
643:Lacustrine Plain
605:Ironbridge Gorge
518:Late Pleistocene
497:Late Pleistocene
470:Late Pleistocene
449:Late Pleistocene
428:Late Pleistocene
407:Late Pleistocene
386:Late Pleistocene
365:Late Pleistocene
342:Late Pleistocene
319:Late Pleistocene
288:
287:
237:Clark Fork River
180:may flow down a
2926:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2838:
2836:
2828:
2812:
2742:
2724:
2697:Rio Grande rift
2691:
2623:
2582:
2558:
2529:
2499:
2445:
2401:
2392:Lake Bonneville
2377:
2343:
2339:Lake Whittlesey
2268:Early Lake Erie
2213:
2189:
2144:
2118:
2102:
2083:Baltic Ice Lake
2059:
2028:
2012:
1991:
1982:
1952:
1947:
1929:
1815:Illinoian Stage
1798:
1789:Lambert Glacier
1772:
1758:Killary Harbour
1737:
1690:Lake Bonneville
1610:
1604:
1539:
1515:
1464:
1413:
1409:U-shaped valley
1399:Roche moutonnée
1365:
1331:Proglacial lake
1316:Canadian Shield
1289:
1286:
1256:
1251:
1240:
1189:
1170:
1151:
1124:
1099:
1074:
1061:
1058:(34 to 2.5 Mya)
1046:
1042:
1034:
874:
865:
860:
801:
796:
795:
790:
786:
780:Wayback Machine
771:
767:
752:
751:
747:
738:
736:
723:
719:
706:
702:
692:
690:
681:
680:
676:
663:
656:
651:
617:
609:Hubbard's Hills
553:
510:Porcupine River
337:Northwestern US
280:Missoula Floods
245:Missoula Floods
233:Idaho Panhandle
202:Hubbard Glacier
162:
116:
90:
62:proglacial lake
35:Lago San Martin
17:
12:
11:
5:
2924:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2870:
2858:
2846:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2758:Lake Ballivián
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2609:Lake Merrimack
2606:
2604:Lake Hitchcock
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2525:Lake Wisconsin
2522:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2452:Missouri River
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2441:Lake Skokomish
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2421:Lake Nisqually
2418:
2412:
2410:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2349:Columbia River
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2324:Lake Tonawanda
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2273:Lake Frontenac
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2237:Lake Algonquin
2234:
2232:Lake Admiralty
2229:
2223:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2140:Lake Pickering
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2093:Mastogloia Sea
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1925:Little Ice Age
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1794:Ross Ice Shelf
1791:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1753:Hardangerfjord
1749:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1678:Kelleys Island
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1626:, South Dakota
1621:
1614:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1565:, Saskatchewan
1560:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1389:Glacial striae
1386:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1262:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1221:Snowball Earth
1218:
1216:Little Ice Age
1213:
1208:
1203:
1201:Glacial period
1197:
1195:
1194:Related topics
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1138:
1136:
1134:Snowball Earth
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1088:Andean-Saharan
1084:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1031:(2.5 to 0 Mya)
1005:
983:
961:
923:
905:
900:
895:
889:
887:
878:
867:
866:
859:
858:
851:
844:
836:
830:
829:
826:
822:
818:
815:
812:
809:
805:
800:
797:
794:
793:
784:
765:
745:
717:
700:
674:
653:
652:
650:
647:
646:
645:
640:
635:
629:
624:
616:
613:
601:Lake Pickering
569:Lake Algonquin
552:
549:
546:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
527:
526:
525:Thorson, 1989
523:
520:
515:
512:
506:
505:
502:
499:
494:
485:
479:
478:
475:
472:
467:
464:
458:
457:
454:
451:
446:
443:
437:
436:
433:
430:
425:
424:Altai, Russia
422:
416:
415:
412:
409:
404:
403:Altai, Russia
401:
395:
394:
391:
388:
383:
382:Altai, Russia
380:
378:Jassater Lakes
374:
373:
370:
367:
362:
357:
351:
350:
347:
344:
339:
334:
328:
327:
324:
321:
316:
311:
305:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
221:Lago Argentino
161:
158:
89:
88:Moraine-dammed
86:
60:In geology, a
31:Lago Argentino
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2923:
2912:
2911:Glacial lakes
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2859:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:South America
2749:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:Lake Estancia
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2687:Lake Thompson
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2672:Lake Panamint
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2642:Lake Corcoran
2640:
2638:
2637:Lake Cahuilla
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Lake Cape Cod
2592:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:Lake Kankakee
2513:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2490:Lake McKenzie
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2475:Lake Glendive
2473:
2471:
2470:Lake Cut Bank
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:Lake Chouteau
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:Lake Puyallup
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2397:Lake Lahontan
2395:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:Lake Chippewa
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:Champlain Sea
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2153:North America
2151:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2135:Lake Lapworth
2133:
2131:
2130:Lake Harrison
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:Great Britain
2121:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2088:Littorina Sea
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2024:Lake Washburn
2022:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:Younger Dryas
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1702:Lake Missoula
1700:
1697:
1696:Lake Lahontan
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1666:Ice Age Trail
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1569:Eramosa River
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:North America
1526:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1460:Veiki moraine
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1445:Rogen moraine
1443:
1441:
1440:Pulju moraine
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1430:Erratic block
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1404:Tunnel valley
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:Pre-Illinoian
1010:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
991:Pre-Illinoian
988:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
921:
920:Younger Dryas
917:
913:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
888:
886:
882:
879:
877:
876:Late Cenozoic
872:
868:
864:
857:
852:
850:
845:
843:
838:
837:
834:
827:
823:
819:
816:
813:
810:
806:
803:
802:
788:
781:
777:
774:
769:
761:
757:
756:
749:
735:on 3 May 2012
734:
730:
729:
721:
715:
714:
709:
704:
688:
684:
678:
670:
669:
661:
659:
654:
644:
641:
639:
636:
633:
630:
628:
625:
622:
619:
618:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:Lake Harrison
594:
593:Lake Lapworth
590:
589:Lake Michigan
586:
585:Lake Superior
582:
578:
574:
570:
562:
557:
543:
540:
537:
534:
532:
531:Russell Fiord
529:
528:
524:
521:
519:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
504:Matsch, 1983
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
476:
473:
471:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
455:
452:
450:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
434:
431:
429:
426:
423:
421:
418:
417:
413:
410:
408:
405:
402:
400:
399:Yaloman Lakes
397:
396:
392:
389:
387:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
355:Darkhat Lakes
353:
352:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
314:Altai, Russia
312:
310:
307:
306:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
289:
286:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
222:
218:
215:, located in
214:
209:
207:
206:Russell Fjord
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
171:
166:
157:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
115:
107:
102:
94:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
55:
51:
47:
43:
36:
32:
28:
23:
19:
2783:Lake Minchin
2715:Lake Palomas
2705:Lake Alamosa
2677:Lake Russell
2578:Lake Passaic
2358:Lake Allison
2319:Lake Stanley
2314:Lake Saginaw
2248:Lake Chicago
2204:Lake Ojibway
2175:Lake Bassano
2170:Lake Agassiz
2161:Nelson River
2078:Ancylus Lake
2045:Lake Tengger
2040:Lake Bandung
2008:Lake Ptolemy
1987:
1855:Oldest Dryas
1825:Interstadial
1820:Interglacial
1803:Time periods
1734:, California
1728:, Washington
1469:Glacifluvial
1418:Depositional
1341:Lake Chicago
1336:Lake Agassiz
1330:
1246:
1226:Interglacial
799:Bibliography
787:
768:
760:the original
754:
748:
737:, retrieved
733:the original
727:
720:
711:
703:
691:. Retrieved
687:the original
677:
667:
632:Pluvial lake
581:Georgian Bay
566:
483:Lake Agassiz
466:Indiana, US
462:Wabash River
435:Rudoy, 1998
420:Ulymon Lakes
414:Rudoy, 1998
393:Rudoy, 1998
372:Rudoy, 1998
291:Flood/River
284:
257:
253:Grand Coulee
226:
210:
198:Lake Agassiz
175:
147:
136:
117:
82:last ice age
61:
59:
18:
2768:Lake Escara
2682:Lake Tecopa
2667:Lake Mojave
2647:Lake Harper
2587:New England
2573:Lake Albany
2554:Teays River
2506:Mississippi
2465:Lake Circle
2407:Puget Sound
2383:Great Basin
2329:Lake Warren
2298:Lake Minong
2293:Lake Maumee
2263:Lake Duluth
2243:Lake Arkona
2219:Great Lakes
2209:Tyrrell Sea
2180:Lake Souris
1985:Pleistocene
1865:Pleistocene
1860:Older Dryas
1722:, Wisconsin
1714:Oneida Lake
1710:, Wisconsin
1686:, Wisconsin
1668:, Wisconsin
1662:, Wisconsin
1650:, Wisconsin
1644:, Minnesota
1638:, Wisconsin
1632:, Wisconsin
1620:, Wisconsin
1506:Outwash fan
1501:Kettle hole
1394:Ribbon lake
1351:Teays River
1176:Mesoarchean
1119:Baykonurian
981:Santa MarĂa
935:Weichselian
561:Great Lakes
544:Mayo, 1989
535:Alaska, US
514:Alaska, US
441:Lake Regina
143:Lake Tasman
114:Tarn (lake)
106:Lyngen Alps
33:(left) and
27:Lago Viedma
2895:Categories
2803:Lake Tauca
2773:Inca Huasi
2662:Lake Modoc
2657:Lake Manly
2652:Lake Manix
2629:California
2619:Lake Stowe
2549:Lake Tight
2368:Lake Lewis
2334:Lake Wayne
2288:Lake Lundy
2098:Yoldia Sea
2071:Baltic Sea
2017:Antarctica
1784:Antarctica
1777:Antarctica
1763:Monte Rosa
1716:, New York
1496:Kame delta
1455:Till plain
1346:Lake Tight
1130:Cryogenian
1025:Beestonian
977:Wolstonian
959:Llanquihue
943:Midlandian
893:Antarctica
885:Quaternary
871:Quaternary
649:References
577:Lake Huron
445:Canada/US
303:Reference
260:Quaternary
194:jökulhlaup
160:Ice-dammed
29:(middle),
2738:Lake Atna
2258:Lake Dana
2195:James Bay
2114:Lake Komi
1704:, Montana
1601:, Nunavut
1595:, Ontario
1589:, Ontario
1583:, Alberta
1571:, Ontario
1559:, Alberta
1553:, Ontario
1377:Erosional
1370:Landforms
1105:Ediacaran
1080:Paleozoic
1056:Antarctic
1048:Oligocene
1007:7th–8th:
1003:Rio Llico
985:3rd–6th:
969:Illinoian
939:Devensian
931:Wisconsin
898:Greenland
755:Ice Break
294:Location
249:Dry Falls
217:Patagonia
74:ice sheet
56:, Wyoming
2537:drainage
2508:drainage
2197:drainage
2163:drainage
2050:Mundafan
1943:Category
1768:Svalbard
1698:, Nevada
1476:Diluvium
1165:Huronian
1146:Marinoan
1142:Sturtian
1113:Gaskiers
1040:Pliocene
1021:Menapian
947:Pinedale
863:Ice ages
808:663–673.
776:Archived
739:29 March
693:5 August
615:See also
360:Mongolia
332:Missoula
128:moraines
2817:Summary
2798:Salinas
1746:Eurasia
1435:Moraine
1425:Drumlin
1294:General
1236:Stadial
1184:Pongola
1044:Miocene
1029:Caracol
999:Anglian
710:at the
708:ice jam
621:Ice jam
573:ice age
186:glacier
76:due to
70:glacier
66:moraine
2778:Mataro
2763:Cabana
2730:Alaska
2566:valley
2564:Hudson
2504:Upper
2450:Upper
2409:system
2385:system
2351:system
2107:Russia
2064:Europe
1996:Africa
1692:, Utah
1680:, Ohio
1611:States
1609:United
1544:Canada
1511:Sandur
995:Elster
987:Mindel
955:Merida
951:Fraser
825:51–54.
488:Canada
251:below
182:valley
150:cirque
2793:Sajsi
1481:Esker
1384:Fjord
973:Saale
963:2nd:
925:1st:
916:Older
541:0.10
538:1986
522:0.13
501:0.13
474:0.27
309:Kuray
297:Date
120:Andes
2788:Ouki
2535:Ohio
2033:Asia
1491:Kame
1017:Elbe
1009:GĂĽnz
965:Riss
927:WĂĽrm
918:and
741:2018
695:2007
599:and
453:0.8
432:1.9
266:and
176:The
154:tarn
46:Tarn
1019:or
346:17
323:18
52:in
2897::
1027:,
1023:,
1015:,
1011:,
1001:,
997:,
993:,
989:,
979:,
975:,
971:,
967:,
957:,
953:,
945:,
937:,
933:,
929:,
914:,
873:/
657:^
603:.
595:,
587:,
583:,
579:,
492:US
411:2
390:2
369:4
282:.
255:.
1977:e
1970:t
1963:v
1281:e
1274:t
1267:v
1132:-
949:/
941:/
922:)
910:(
855:e
848:t
841:v
697:.
563:.
490:/
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