20:
71:. In this point of view, they can compare to adult stem cells, but progenitors are said to be in a further stage of cell differentiation. They are "midway" between stem cells and fully differentiated cells. The kind of potency they have depends on the type of their "parent" stem cell and also on their niche. Some research found that progenitor cells were mobile and that these progenitor cells could move through the body and migrate towards the tissue where they are needed. Many properties are shared by adult stem cells and progenitor cells.
32:
1288:
99:(EPCs) are one of the main focuses of this field. They are valuable cells because they directly precede endothelial cells, but have characteristics of stem cells. These cells can produce differentiated cells to replenish the supply lost in the natural process of aging, which makes them a target for aging therapy research. This field of regenerative medicine and aging research is still currently evolving.
106:. They also contribute to fighting infections by providing a renewal of the depleted resources caused by the stress of an infection on the immune system. Inflammatory cytokines and other factors released during infections will activate haematopoietic progenitor cells to differentiate to replenish the lost resources.
55:
and progenitor cells have this ability in common. However, stem cells are less specified than progenitor cells. Progenitor cells can only differentiate into their "target" cell type. The most important difference between stem cells and progenitor cells is that stem cells can replicate indefinitely,
212:
Before embryonic day 40 (E40), progenitor cells generate other progenitor cells; after that period, progenitor cells produce only dissimilar mesenchymal stem cell daughters. The cells from a single progenitor cell form a proliferative unit that creates one cortical column; these columns contain a
90:
The natural aging of cells, called their cellular senescence, is one of the main contributors to aging on an organismal level. There are a few different ideas to the cause behind why aging happens on a cellular level.
304:
95:
length has been shown to positively correlate to longevity. Increased circulation of progenitor cells in the body has also positively correlated to increased longevity and regenerative processes.
87:
contributes largely to the process of aging. Research on cancer biology focuses on the impact of progenitor cells on cancer responses, and the way that these cells tie into the immune response.
114:
The characterization or the defining principle of progenitor cells, in order to separate them from others, is based on the different cell markers rather than their morphological appearance.
203:
form a barrier between the cells of the central nervous system and cells of the peripheral nervous system. Boundary cap neural crest stem cells promote survival of mutant SOD1 motor neurons.
35:
Example of the pattern of division of a progenitor cell (PC) which results in the production of an intermediate progenitor cell (IPC). Both cells later produce one or two neural cells (N).
155:
found in the epidermis and make up 10% of progenitor cells. They are often classed as stem cells due to their high plasticity and potential for unlimited capacity for self-renewal.
227:
79:
Progenitor cells have become a hub for research on a few different fronts. Current research on progenitor cells focuses on two different applications:
56:
whereas progenitor cells can divide only a limited number of times. Controversy about the exact definition remains and the concept is still evolving.
102:
Recent studies have shown that haematopoietic progenitor cells contribute to immune responses in the body. They have been shown to respond a range of
322:
Badami, Chirag D.; Livingston, David H.; Sifri, Ziad C.; Caputo, Francis J.; Bonilla, Larissa; Mohr, Alicia M.; Deitch, Edwin A. (September 2007).
1268:
149:
found in developing regions of the brain, most notably the cortex. These progenitor cells are easily identified by their long radial process.
1273:
83:
and cancer biology. Research on regenerative medicine has focused on progenitor cells, and stem cells, because their cellular
664:
480:
1094:
309:
262:
Seaberg RM, van der Kooy D (March 2003). "Stem and progenitor cells: the premature desertion of rigorous definitions".
1329:
557:"Telomerase gene therapy in adult and old mice delays aging and increases longevity without increasing cancer"
1132:
1053:
175:
are among the most studied progenitors. They are used in research to develop a cure against diabetes type-1.
128:
324:"Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Mobilize to the Site of Injury After Trauma and Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats"
222:
179:
96:
172:
555:
Bernardes de Jesus B, Vera E, Schneeberger K, Tejera AM, Ayuso E, Bosch F, Blasco MA (August 2012).
1243:
1087:
140:
48:
816:
Awong G, Zuniga-Pflucker JC (June 2011). "Thymus-bound: the many features of T cell progenitors".
1203:
1319:
853:"The ever-elusive endothelial progenitor cell: identities, functions and clinical implications"
1324:
1253:
1208:
1198:
1182:
152:
103:
80:
690:"Inflammatory modulation of HSCs: viewing the HSC as a foundation for the immune response"
8:
1314:
1292:
1177:
1117:
1080:
422:"Concise Review: Modulating Cancer Immunity with Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells"
132:
1043:
1026:
1002:
977:
953:
928:
869:
852:
714:
689:
632:
607:
583:
556:
532:
505:
448:
421:
397:
370:
287:
31:
19:
750:
275:
1248:
1058:
1027:"Building brains in a dish: Prospects for growing cerebral organoids from stem cells"
1007:
958:
909:
874:
833:
795:
754:
719:
670:
660:
637:
588:
537:
486:
476:
453:
402:
351:
343:
279:
249:
Progenitor Cells : Biology, Characterization and
Potential Clinical Applications
146:
978:"Boundary Cap Neural Crest Stem Cells Promote Survival of Mutant SOD1 Motor Neurons"
323:
291:
143:
to the olfactory bulb and differentiate further into specific types of neural cells.
1334:
1213:
1127:
1048:
1038:
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989:
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627:
619:
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568:
527:
517:
443:
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392:
382:
335:
271:
1122:
623:
339:
1263:
1258:
1225:
118:
44:
24:
993:
790:
773:
125:. They play a major role in muscle cell differentiation and injury recoveries.
1308:
674:
490:
347:
166:
182:(EPC). These are very important for research on fracture and wounds healing.
1142:
1062:
1011:
962:
913:
878:
837:
799:
758:
723:
641:
592:
573:
541:
522:
457:
406:
355:
283:
200:
68:
976:
Aggarwal, T; Hoeber, J; Ivert, P; Vasylovska, S; Kozlova, EN (July 2017).
387:
162:
774:"Contribution of intermediate progenitor cells to cortical histogenesis"
554:
944:
905:
185:
158:
84:
438:
1103:
52:
705:
92:
59:
The terms "progenitor cell" and "stem cell" are sometimes equated.
369:
Ahmed AS, Sheng MH, Wasnik S, Baylink DJ, Lau KW (February 2017).
737:
Morgan JE, Partridge TA (August 2003). "Muscle satellite cells".
829:
771:
1165:
1155:
193:
189:
136:
122:
1160:
1072:
975:
207:
739:
892:
Carotta S, Nutt SL (March 2008). "Losing B cell identity".
506:"Telomerase gene therapy: a novel approach to combat aging"
321:
471:
Gilbert, Scott F.; Barresi, Michael J. F. (15 June 2016).
772:
Noctor SC, MartĂnez-Cerdeño V, Kriegstein AR (May 2007).
475:(Eleventh ed.). Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer.
368:
328:
Journal of Trauma-Injury
Infection & Critical Care
16:
Cell that differentiates into one or a few cell types
815:
657:
Endothelial progenitor cells : a new real hope?
419:
850:
420:Wildes TJ, Flores CT, Mitchell DA (February 2019).
261:
228:
List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
926:
1054:20.500.11820/53d8facf-017e-4f79-9ca7-9fdf2194e4d5
1306:
736:
1269:Stem cell laws and policy in the United States
503:
470:
246:
1088:
811:
809:
765:
605:
161:contains progenitor cells that develop into
891:
687:
251:. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. p. 26.
1095:
1081:
1024:
929:"New insights on Schwann cell development"
851:Barber CL, Iruela-Arispe ML (April 2006).
806:
654:
213:variety of neurons with different shapes.
208:Development of the human cerebral cortices
1052:
1042:
1001:
952:
868:
789:
713:
631:
582:
572:
531:
521:
447:
437:
396:
386:
1274:Epigenetics in stem cell differentiation
196:, which participate in immune responses.
30:
18:
927:Monk KR, Feltri ML, Taveggia C (2015).
1307:
688:King KY, Goodell MA (September 2011).
375:World Journal of Experimental Medicine
1076:
612:The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
920:
504:Boccardi V, Herbig U (August 2012).
1025:Mason JO, Price DJ (October 2016).
608:"Introduction to stem cell therapy"
135:. Some of these transit amplifying
67:Most progenitors are identified as
13:
1044:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.048
870:10.1203/01.pdr.0000203553.46471.18
606:Biehl JK, Russell B (March 2009).
14:
1346:
1287:
1286:
1018:
969:
885:
844:
730:
681:
648:
599:
371:"Effect of aging on stem cells"
247:Lawrence BE, Horton PM (2013).
1133:Induced pluripotent stem cells
1102:
548:
497:
464:
413:
362:
315:
298:
255:
240:
188:are involved in generation of
23:Neural progenitors (green) in
1:
751:10.1016/s1357-2725(03)00042-6
276:10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00031-6
233:
129:Intermediate progenitor cells
62:
624:10.1097/JCN.0b013e318197a6a5
310:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
199:Boundary cap cells from the
180:endothelial progenitor cells
97:Endothelial progenitor cells
7:
340:10.1097/TA.0b013e318142d231
223:Endothelial progenitor cell
216:
173:Pancreatic progenitor cells
109:
74:
51:into a specific cell type.
10:
1351:
694:Nature Reviews. Immunology
1282:
1236:
1141:
1110:
994:10.1007/s13311-016-0505-8
791:10.1001/archneur.64.5.639
618:(2): 98–103, quiz 104–5.
153:Bone marrow stromal cells
1244:Cellular differentiation
141:rostral migratory stream
1204:Hematopoietic stem cell
818:Frontiers in Bioscience
561:EMBO Molecular Medicine
510:EMBO Molecular Medicine
264:Trends in Neurosciences
27:with astrocytes (blue).
655:Balistreri CR (2017).
574:10.1002/emmm.201200245
523:10.1002/emmm.201200246
104:inflammatory cytokines
36:
28:
1330:Developmental biology
1254:Stem cell controversy
1209:Mesenchymal stem cell
1199:Endothelial stem cell
778:Archives of Neurology
473:Developmental biology
81:regenerative medicine
34:
22:
1118:Embryonic stem cells
388:10.5493/wjem.v7.i1.1
1178:Embryonic stem cell
863:(4 Pt 2): 26R–32R.
133:subventricular zone
945:10.1002/glia.22852
906:10.1002/bies.20725
857:Pediatric Research
659:. Cham: Springer.
147:Radial glial cells
137:neural progenitors
37:
29:
1302:
1301:
1249:Stem cell therapy
1128:Cancer stem cells
982:Neurotherapeutics
666:978-3-319-55107-4
482:978-1-60535-470-5
439:10.1002/stem.2933
305:"progenitor cell"
1342:
1290:
1289:
1237:Related articles
1214:Neural stem cell
1123:Adult stem cells
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178:Angioblasts or
119:Satellite cells
112:
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65:
45:biological cell
41:progenitor cell
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1338:
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1300:
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1266:
1264:Stem cell laws
1261:
1259:Stem cell line
1256:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1226:Precursor cell
1218:
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1206:
1201:
1187:
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1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1017:
988:(3): 773–783.
968:
939:(8): 1376–93.
919:
884:
843:
805:
764:
729:
700:(10): 685–92.
680:
665:
647:
598:
567:(8): 691–704.
547:
496:
481:
463:
432:(2): 166–175.
412:
361:
334:(3): 596–602.
314:
297:
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131:formed in the
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25:olfactory bulb
15:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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1320:Biotechnology
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1111:Sources/types
1109:
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858:
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847:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
812:
810:
801:
797:
792:
787:
784:(5): 639–42.
783:
779:
775:
768:
760:
756:
752:
748:
745:(8): 1151–6.
744:
740:
733:
725:
721:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
684:
676:
672:
668:
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329:
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318:
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270:(3): 125–31.
269:
265:
258:
250:
243:
239:
229:
226:
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221:
220:
214:
202:
198:
195:
194:T-lymphocytes
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187:
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181:
177:
174:
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167:chondroblasts
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72:
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49:differentiate
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42:
33:
26:
21:
1325:Cell biology
1291:
1220:
1194:
1189:
1172:
1150:
1143:Cell potency
1034:
1031:Neuroscience
1030:
1020:
985:
981:
971:
936:
932:
922:
900:(3): 203–7.
897:
893:
887:
860:
856:
846:
824:(3): 961–9.
821:
817:
781:
777:
767:
742:
738:
732:
697:
693:
683:
656:
650:
615:
611:
601:
564:
560:
550:
516:(8): 685–7.
513:
509:
499:
472:
466:
429:
425:
415:
378:
374:
364:
331:
327:
317:
308:
300:
267:
263:
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248:
242:
211:
201:neural crest
139:migrate via
113:
101:
89:
78:
66:
58:
40:
38:
1190:Multipotent
1173:Pluripotent
1037:: 105–118.
830:10.2741/200
381:(1): 1–10.
186:Blast cells
163:osteoblasts
69:oligopotent
1315:Stem cells
1309:Categories
1151:Totipotent
1104:Stem cells
426:Stem Cells
234:References
159:Periosteum
85:senescence
63:Properties
53:Stem cells
1221:Unipotent
894:BioEssays
675:988870936
491:945169933
348:0022-5282
121:found in
47:that can
1293:Category
1063:27506142
1012:28070746
963:25921593
914:18293359
879:16549545
838:21622245
800:17502462
759:12757751
724:21904387
642:19242274
593:22585399
542:22585424
458:30353618
407:28261550
356:18073606
292:18639810
284:12591214
217:See also
110:Examples
93:Telomere
75:Research
1335:Cloning
1003:5509618
954:4470834
715:4154310
633:4104807
584:3494070
533:3494068
449:6368859
398:5316899
123:muscles
1183:Callus
1166:Morula
1156:Zygote
1061:
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1000:
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951:
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290:
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1161:Spore
288:S2CID
43:is a
1059:PMID
1008:PMID
959:PMID
933:Glia
910:PMID
875:PMID
834:PMID
796:PMID
755:PMID
720:PMID
671:OCLC
661:ISBN
638:PMID
589:PMID
538:PMID
487:OCLC
477:ISBN
454:PMID
403:PMID
352:PMID
344:ISSN
280:PMID
192:and
165:and
1049:hdl
1039:doi
1035:334
998:PMC
990:doi
949:PMC
941:doi
902:doi
865:doi
826:doi
786:doi
747:doi
710:PMC
702:doi
628:PMC
620:doi
579:PMC
569:doi
528:PMC
518:doi
444:PMC
434:doi
393:PMC
383:doi
336:doi
307:at
272:doi
1311::
1197::
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1033:.
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1006:.
996:.
986:14
984:.
980:.
957:.
947:.
937:63
935:.
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908:.
898:30
896:.
873:.
861:59
859:.
855:.
832:.
820:.
808:^
794:.
782:64
780:.
776:.
753:.
743:35
741:.
718:.
708:.
698:11
696:.
692:.
669:.
636:.
626:.
616:24
614:.
610:.
587:.
577:.
563:.
559:.
536:.
526:.
512:.
508:.
485:.
452:.
442:.
430:37
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424:.
401:.
391:.
377:.
373:.
350:.
342:.
332:63
330:.
326:.
286:.
278:.
268:26
266:.
190:B-
39:A
1096:e
1089:t
1082:v
1065:.
1051::
1041::
1014:.
992::
965:.
943::
916:.
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544:.
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493:.
460:.
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409:.
385::
379:7
358:.
338::
294:.
274::
169:.
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