1953:
60:, and a revised version was made public in 2006. Further revisions were published on 24 March 2009, 11 July 2011 and June 2018. An Annual Report on the implementation of CONTEST was released in March 2010 and in April 2014. The aim of the strategy is "to reduce the risk to the UK and its interests overseas from terrorism so that people can go about their lives freely and with confidence." The success of this strategy is not linked to total elimination of the terrorist threat, but to reducing the threat sufficiently to allow the citizens a normal life free from fear.
364:
CONTEST strategy. It particularly supports Pursue through its military capability to disrupt overseas terrorist groups and its support of overseas law enforcement and security agencies. Its support for conflict prevention work has also contributed to the CONTEST objectives. Work overseas is crucial to Pursue, as previous UK attack plots have had support from terrorists overseas, as well as UK individuals being radicalised while overseas. Working with international partners therefore attempts to disrupt the threat before it manifests itself in the UK.
743:
teaching being suspended and most schools and statutory agencies closing throughout the nationwide lockdown, there has been a marked decreased in the number of people referred to the
Prevent programme since restrictions were put in place. Whilst the full effect of COVID restrictions are yet to be seen, the police are encouraging schools to place an emphasis on safeguarding those most vulnerable and provide the resources necessary to help combat radicalisation grooming.
585:
obtained in order to assess risk, and may make a referral to a channel panel who suggest and prioritise referrals to other services. Involvement is voluntary and referred individuals can refuse to participate. If an individual refuses to participate and a risk is identified the police will be informed, and assessments can be made by a channel panel whether an individual chooses to participate or not.
1007:
1887:
478:
Although there are specific terrorist offences which are criminalised in the UK, the prosecution process remains the same, and prosecutors are tried fairly through the mainstream criminal justice system. The Crown
Prosecution Service has a Special Crime and Counter Terrorism Division (SCCTD) to deal
66:
CONTEST is composed of the "four Ps" – prevent, pursue, protect, and prepare – which aim to reduce terrorism at all levels through: Preventing more people from being radicalised; Pursuing suspects operationally and legally; Protecting the public through security measures, and
Preparing to manage the
584:
Channel is a programme that seeks to reduce radicalisation by referring reported individuals to other services. People working in health or education are required by law to report individuals that meet certain criteria. A channel referral is a referral to the police, who continually use information
393:
Detection involves gaining specific reliable information and evidence. This may require the use of various surveillance methods such as hacking for digital information, or human surveillance through undercover policing. There are specific powers which can be utilised for these purposes, such as the
363:
Government departments and agencies work collaboratively to disrupt terrorist activity. Counter-terrorism policing, MI5, and wider intelligence work together closely to investigate, detect, and disrupt terrorism, alongside the
Criminal Justice System. The Ministry of Defence is a key contributor to
386:
Pursue is becoming increasingly complex as the threat of terrorism continues to diversify. Between 1 January and 31 December 2022, 169 persons were arrested for terrorism related activity, with 232 persons held in custody for terrorism-connected offences. From 2017 to July 2023, MI5 and the police
263:
Schools are valuable in providing the educational dimension of the
Prevent duty through the Citizenship lessons on the National Curriculum. Since July 2015, schools also have a legal responsibility to have "due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism" under the Prevent
742:
There is growing concern over the link of the COVID-19 pandemic and a greater risk of radicalisation. Due to social isolation and increased reliance on the internet, there are concerns over the potential grooming, and later radicalisation, of vulnerable young people. As a result of face-to-face
467:
introduced further established terrorist offences including the encouragement of terrorism, preparation of terrorist acts and terrorist training, and offences involving radioactive devices and materials and nuclear facilities and sites. An example of this is 19-year-old
Matthew King who pleaded
416:
a suspect can be detained for a maximum of 14 day before being charged, compared to the maximum of four days under standard arrest powers. This allows more time for police to investigate and gather evidence in relation to the potential terrorism offences. Additional powers allow a senior police
374:
must be considered when using broader powers for terrorism investigations. The
Secretary of State must be satisfied that the information obtained could not reasonably have been obtained by any other means. The intelligence gain must be sufficiently great to justify an intrusion, as well as any
315:
The aim of Pursue is to stop terrorist attacks happening in the UK or against UK interests overseas. The main objectives of Pursue are to detect, understand, investigate, and disrupt terrorist activity. There are multiple types of terrorists that are being pursued under this system, including:
359:
work with MI5 to develop intelligence, and with the Crown
Prosecution Service to put compelling evidence before the courts. The public can also support law enforcement to pursue potential terrorist activity through calling the anti-terrorist hotline. Action Counters Terrorism (ACT) encourages
498:
The purpose of
Protect is to strengthen protection against terrorist attacks in the UK or its interests overseas and thus reduce vulnerability. The main areas of focus include borders and aviation, other transport systems, Critical National Infrastructure, crowded public places and access to
86:
Impact includes the
Prepare arm. In order to manage the initial response and minimise periods of disruption all emergency services are specifically trained in terrorist response and special technology has been developed, such as decontamination trucks and increasingly resilient communication
544:
The purpose of Prepare is to mitigate the impact of a terrorist attack in an event whereby that attack cannot be stopped. Prepare includes bringing a terrorist attack to an end quickly, preventing its spread, and increasing the UK's resilience to enable rapid recovery in its aftermath.
531:
permits examination officers to stop, question, search, and detain anyone transiting through ports, airports, and international rail stations, with the purpose of determining whether those concerned have been involved in the commission, preparation, or instigation of acts of terrorism.
502:
The process works by first recognising the threats and then identifying the measures to reduce risks. An example of 'Protect' are the large bollards places strategically around busy city centres, and especially on bridges, to prevent the rise of vehicle-based attacks such as the
1033:
673:
where it requires staff to report possible signs of extremism or radicalization between primary and nursery school-aged children, following several high-profile cases where the provision was inappropriately used about the Prevent strategy. The Bill did not become law.
607:
stated that the strategy is "recognised by our allies to be world-leading in its wide-ranging nature, leaves us better prepared and strengthened in our ability to ensure all peace-loving people of this country can live normally, with confidence and free from fear."
1062:
479:
with the prosecution of terrorism cases. In 2021 Greer emphasised why this process is significant stating that it "... offers the best prospects of securing the legitimacy of counterterrorist law enforcement and of maintaining public confidence in it."
677:
In 2017, two brothers, aged seven and five, were paid damages after they were reported to the Prevent programme after telling a teacher they had been given toy guns. The children had been kept from parents for two hours. After a legal challenge, the
489:
The Counter-Extremism Strategy was published by the UK Government in 2015 and focuses on disrupting extremism, as well as extremists' rehabilitation and reintegration into society. This is an example of the punishment and control elements of Pursue.
697:
as potentially harmful. Students were instructed not to download the article on personal devices and not to leave the article where it could be visible "inadvertently or otherwise, by those who are not prepared to view it". In March 2019, the
240:
The purpose of Prevent is to stop people from becoming terrorists or terrorist sympathisers. Prevent includes countering terrorist ideology and challenging those who promote it, supporting individuals who are especially vulnerable to becoming
2323:
654:, the union members voted overwhelmingly against the Prevent strategy. They supported its abolition, citing concerns over the implementation of the strategy and causing "suspicion in the classroom and confusion in the staff room."
1378:
Mr. Butt and his brother were also involved in the British program Prevent, which seeks to stop people from becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism, and which refers people suspected of radicalization to programs led by the
475:. He has since pleaded guilty to preparing acts of terrorism by travelling to Turkey to join IS in Syria, as well as being charged with being a member of the proscribed group, IS, and receiving training in the use of firearms.
428:
allows the Home Secretary to proscribe an organisation if they are concerned in terrorism. This means the organisation commits or participates in acts of terrorism, prepares for terrorism, promotes, or encourages terrorism.
367:
An important element of Pursue is the independent oversight regime, which scrutinises the significant powers and tools used to stop potential terrorist attacks, ensuring they are used proportionately and appropriately.
1105:
1086:
417:
officer to delay a suspect's access to a solicitor and/or contact with a named person. This is authorised if they believe that exercising this right may result in any of the consequences listed in section 41 of the
535:
The Authority to Carry Scheme 2023 prevents certain individuals travelling to or from the UK when it is necessary in the public interest, in order to prevent or disrupt those who pose a terrorism-related threat.
1143:
1124:
555:
in response to an attack, deploy a systemised, effective and co-ordinated multi agency response, using specialist and non-specialist capabilities to save lives, mitigate harm, and prevent further attacks
82:
Vulnerability covers Protecting the critical infrastructure and public of the UK, for example ensuring steel lockable cockpit doors on all civilian airliners to prevent hijackers from taking control of
486:
contains more powers to aid the UK's response to the threat of terrorism; in relation to Pursue it enhances the ability of operational agencies to monitor and control actions of those posing a threat.
2333:
1934:
2287:
1300:
2541:
360:
individuals to report suspicious activity which could be related to terrorism through online reporting, or by contacting the police in confidence on their dedicated phone number.
267:
In 2020, 6,287 people were referred to Prevent. Of these, 1,424 were referred to Channel and 697 were taken on as cases for Channel. 43% of the cases taken on by Channel were for
2514:
1321:
1749:
724:
1167:
2612:
1352:
79:
Likelihood encompasses the Prevent and Pursue arms, and is understood to prevail when terrorists are imprisoned and so unable to radicalise the next generation.
818:
2488:
1995:
1332:
593:
The August 2018 strategy reportedly puts more focus on ways of prevention and how to best alert the public to terrorist threats. In an article written for
2638:
2225:
379:
ensures that investigatory techniques are used in a way that is compatible with the Article 8 right to respect for private and family life, as in the
432:
Proscription must be proportionate, which means the following factors must be taken into account when deciding whether to proscribe an organisation:
409:. This provides legal protection against unauthorised disclosure of information and espionage, and protest certain tactics of information gathering.
2786:
1673:
1445:
2776:
1196:
1420:
75:
CONTEST has thus far survived to its seventh Prime Minister largely due to its risk equation, that: risk = likelihood × vulnerability × impact.
2431:
1407:
On Saturday an 18-year-old man, who the BBC has learnt had previously been referred to an anti-extremist programme, was arrested in Dover port.
1259:
632:
were also critical of the Prevent programme in 2010, stating that it stigmatised and alienated the Muslims the government wanted to work with.
283:
2663:
1322:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/439598/prevent-duty-departmental-advice-v6.pdf
402:, such as targeted interception, which involves requesting a warrant from the Secretary of State to intercept transmission of communications.
2586:
1497:
566:
376:
629:
2200:
806:
424:
There are a number of extremist groups which are banned under UK law, as part of the counter-terrorist legislation. Section 3 of the
2567:
723:, had been wrongly included on an official list of extremist organisations whose members should be reported to the authorities. The
702:
found that the Prevent guidance on inviting controversial speakers at universities was unlawfully unbalanced and must be rewritten.
670:
483:
254:
2690:
775:, as an exemplar for interdepartmental cooperation for tackling major threats, and a paradigm for how governments should tackle
756:
390:
Within Pursue there are different elements of strategy involved: detection, prosecution, punishment, control, and disruption.
2781:
965:
349:
1175:
772:
2129:
561:
adapt and improve by identifying and sharing learning from research, training, testing, exercising and previous incidents.
257:
created a positive duty for those working in education or health to report those who they deem at risk of radicalization.
2771:
699:
380:
1344:
1333:
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/439598/prevent-duty-departmental-advice-v6.pdf
565:
The public should follow Prepare advice on the nature of terrorist threats overseas, which is communicated through the
260:
As of February 2015, all National Health Service (NHS) staff are required to undergo basic Prevent Awareness Training.
405:
There is information related to security and intelligence, and special investigation powers which is protected by the
2382:
1235:
874:
826:
452:
Between 2018 and 2023 there have been six terrorist groups proscribed, including extreme right-wing groups such as
305:
17:
1273:
1034:"Individuals referred to and supported through the Prevent Programme, England and Wales, April 2020 to March 2021"
2153:
2355:
1961:
399:
342:
2102:
981:
679:
558:
enable recovery, including long-term care of victims and survivors and the mitigation of any ongoing hazard
328:
294:
245:, and working with sectors and institutions where the risk of radicalisation is assessed to be high. The
1367:
647:
572:
One example of Prepare is the improved protection implemented for UK tourists in Tunisia following the
523:
identify and manage individuals and goods of terrorist concern through the migration and border system.
448:
The need to support other members of the international community in the global fight against terrorism.
356:
776:
731:
were highly critical of the error, and Extinction Rebellion said they were considering legal action.
682:
admitted the children's human rights were breached and they had been racially discriminated against.
504:
406:
290:
2457:
1840:
1197:"Counter-radicalisation (3): A disarming approach: Can the beliefs that feed terrorism be changed?"
807:
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/97994/contest-summary.pdf
784:
666:
621:
332:
31:
2050:
2766:
2726:"Sommet pour un nouveau pacte financier mondial - 22 et 23 juin 2023 - Paris - Palais Brongniart"
2306:
658:
1952:
1797:
1063:"Individuals referred to and supported through the Prevent Programme, April 2019 to March 2020"
1008:"Individuals referred to and supported through the Prevent Programme, April 2021 to March 2022"
517:
reduce the vulnerability of public venues, transport, and out Critical National Infrastructure
468:
guilty to the preparation of terrorist acts, and has now been sentenced to life imprisonment.
2179:
1145:
Individuals referred to and supported through the Prevent Programme, April 2015 to March 2016
1126:
Individuals referred to and supported through the Prevent Programme, April 2016 to March 2017
1107:
Individuals referred to and supported through the Prevent Programme, April 2017 to March 2018
728:
686:
640:
457:
371:
298:
1702:
1622:
1544:
2706:
Fiona Hill: We need a CONTEST strategy for climate | Summit for a New Global Financing Pact
1775:
712:
552:
build proportionate responses to a range of attack methodologies, wherever they might occur
268:
1866:
891:"CONTEST: The United Kingdom’s Strategy for Countering Terrorism". Home Office. July 2011.
783:. Hill was speaking at an official summit side event convened by Community Jameel and the
8:
2328:
573:
453:
2515:"Telford MP Lucy Allan tables Parliamentary bill over school counter-terrorism measures"
2131:
Tackling Terrorism in Britain: Threats, Responses and Challenges Twenty Years After 9/11
1974:
1913:
1728:
935:
569:
travel advice and advice on how to safely respond in the event of a terrorist incident.
2725:
2542:"Council admits racially discriminating against two boys over Prevent toy gun referral"
2021:
1818:
1253:
904:(Online training material). College of Policing & Metropolitan Police Service. 2014
528:
472:
464:
425:
421:, for example sending out a dangerous message which may instigate an act of terrorism.
418:
413:
395:
520:
reduce the ability of terrorists to access and use materials and technology of concern
2324:"British hotels are vulnerable to Mumbai-style attacks, anti-terrorist officers warn"
1241:
1231:
961:
901:
617:
601:
338:
272:
45:
2751:
1996:"Information from the public results in teenager being jailed for terrorism offence"
327:
Domestic terrorist groups, such as Islamist movements in London responsible for the
2250:
246:
685:
Prevent has also been accused of reducing academic freedom. In November 2018, the
2289:
Channel Duty Guidance: Protecting people vulnerable to being drawn into terrorism
847:
752:
625:
471:
In 2021 Shabazz Suleman was arrested and charged with terror offences under the
375:
unavoidable collateral intrusion against individuals other than the target. The
1421:"Parsons Green terror suspect 'was reported to counter terror unit months ago'"
1372:
780:
768:
760:
720:
716:
250:
41:
2704:
2432:"Prevent gives people permission to hate Muslims – it has no place in schools"
2076:
1245:
624:, as a domestic spying programme collecting intelligence about the beliefs of
394:
specific power of arrest on suspicion of a terrorist, under section 41 of the
2760:
1201:
282:
An independent review of Prevent was announced in August 2019 as part of the
2408:
734:
In 2024, Amnesty International began a campaign for Prevent to be scrapped.
2360:
1957:
1450:
1225:
707:
694:
636:
604:
595:
1088:
Individuals referred to and supported through the Prevent programme (2019)
1596:
1570:
1526:
1280:
1171:
822:
764:
662:
242:
53:
49:
2691:"CTP Warn About Greater Risk of Radicalisation During COVID-19 Lockdown"
293:
and his brother were involved with Prevent. The perpetrator of the 2017
63:
The definition of 'Terrorism' is set out within the Terrorism Act 2000.
2639:"Extinction Rebellion could sue police over extremist ideology listing"
1446:"Police investigate whether David Amess specially targeted for killing"
1391:
1368:"Questions on U.K. Policing Mount as 3rd London Attacker Is Identified"
1498:"CONTEST: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering Terrorism 2023"
1227:
CONTEST : the United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering Terrorism
852:
651:
321:
2613:"Terrorism police list Extinction Rebellion as extremist ideology"
2489:"Teachers back motion calling for Prevent strategy to be scrapped"
2752:
Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy
2539:
1888:"Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984) PACE – Code H, Annex B"
727:
later said that after review, the document was being withdrawn.
348:
Hostile nation states, for example Russia's involvement in the
1647:
2587:"UK's Prevent guidance to universities unlawful, court rules"
2051:"Man from High Wycombe admits travelling to Syria to join IS"
2356:"We are about to take the war against terror to a new level"
635:
Prevent has been criticised as legitimising and reinforcing
1545:"Manchester attack: 22 dead and 59 hurt in suicide bombing"
788:
514:
reduce physical risk to people as they go about their lives
249:
programme is known as Channel. It is led by the police and
57:
2664:"The Prevent duty and its chilling effect on human rights"
1223:
297:
had been referred to Prevent. The perpetrator in the 2021
2022:"Islamist terror plot teen will serve at least six years"
751:
At the Summit for a New Global Financing Pact chaired by
67:
response to mitigate the impact of an inevitable attack.
2568:"University alerts students to danger of leftwing essay"
2507:
2383:"Government anti-terrorism strategy 'spies' on innocent"
1320:
Department of Education, 'The Prevent Duty,' June 2015,
442:
The specific threat posed to British nationals overseas
264:
duty and Child Protection and Safeguarding guidelines.
2103:"Special Crime and Counter Terrorism Division (SCCTD)"
1392:"Parsons Green bombing: Third arrest over Tube attack"
789:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
755:
in Paris on 22–23 June 2023, CONTEST was presented by
341:, for example Darren Osbourne, the perpetrator of the
2409:"Prevent extremism strategy 'stigmatising', warn MPs"
436:
The nature and scale of the organisation's activities
2540:
Esther Addley, Alexandra Topping (27 January 2017).
1750:"Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA)"
1345:"Lord Carlile to lead independent review of Prevent"
1168:"The four Ps: Pursue, Prevent, Protect, and Prepare"
960:. London: C Hurst & Company Publishers Limited.
445:
The extent of the organisation's presence in the UK
2578:
2533:
2374:
1960:work. Licensed under Open Government Licence v3 (
2611:Dodd, Vikram; Grierson, Jamie (10 January 2020).
1839:Everett, Michael; Maer, Lucinda; Bartlett, Gail.
1527:"7 July London bombings: What happened that day?"
616:The 'Prevent' strategy was criticised in 2009 by
2758:
2406:
1841:"The Official Secrets Acts and Official Secrecy"
982:"Individuals referred to Prevent: to March 2023"
1838:
2134:(1st ed.). London: Routledge. p. 171
2045:
2043:
1935:"Proscribed terrorist groups or organisations"
1418:
1366:Chan, Sewell; Erlanger, Steven (6 June 2017).
284:Counter-Terrorism and Border Security Act 2019
2400:
1729:"Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000"
1384:
1274:"Prevent Training and Competencies Framework"
2610:
1956: This article incorporates text from a
1597:"Russian spy poisoning: What we know so far"
1365:
567:Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
277:Reclaim Radical – Radical versus Radicalised
2380:
2040:
1571:"Finsbury Park attack: What we know so far"
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
875:"Counter-terrorism strategy (CONTEST) 2018"
387:have disrupted 39 late stage attack plots.
377:Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000
56:in early 2003 as the immediate response to
1492:
1490:
1488:
1258:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
630:Communities and Local Government Committee
331:, and further attacks in 2017 such as the
2180:"Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015"
2077:"Terrorism The Crown Prosecution Service"
1964:). Text taken from the prior source, .
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1224:Great Britain. Home Office (2018-06-04).
352:, also known as the Salisbury Poisonings.
915:
320:International terrorist groups, such as
2787:Islamic terrorism in the United Kingdom
2455:
2429:
2308:Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015
1867:"Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984"
885:
671:Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015
628:not involved in criminal activity. The
548:The main objectives of Prepare are to:
510:The main objectives of Protect are to:
484:Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015
255:Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015
14:
2777:Counterterrorism in the United Kingdom
2759:
2565:
1465:
1162:
1160:
1158:
819:"About the counter-terrorism strategy"
2688:
2584:
2486:
2353:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2127:
1776:"European Convention on Human Rights"
1057:
1055:
955:
811:
350:Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal
2636:
2321:
2154:"Counter-Terrorism and Security Act"
1419:Anthony Pearce (19 September 2017).
746:
691:Our Morals: The Ethics of Revolution
2566:Courea, Eleni (November 11, 2018).
1189:
1155:
848:"Thousands getting terror training"
840:
439:The specific threat posed to the UK
381:European Convention on Human Rights
24:
2407:Dominic Casciani (30 March 2010).
2269:
1052:
275:. A film associated with Prevent,
25:
2798:
2745:
2128:Greer, Steven (15 October 2021).
725:South East Counter Terrorism Unit
2637:Dodd, Vikram (11 January 2020).
2574:– via www.theguardian.com.
2487:Adams, Richard (28 March 2016).
2322:Hope, Christopher (2009-03-21).
2226:"Authority to Carry Scheme 2023"
1951:
1355:from the original on 2019-08-12.
398:. Additionally those within the
306:Fixated Threat Assessment Centre
2718:
2697:
2682:
2656:
2630:
2604:
2559:
2480:
2449:
2430:Qurashi, Fahid (4 April 2016).
2423:
2381:Vikram Dodd (16 October 2009).
2347:
2315:
2299:
2251:"Tunisia attack: What happened"
2243:
2218:
2193:
2172:
2160:. Home Office. 12 February 2015
2146:
2121:
2109:. The Crown Prosecution Service
2095:
2083:. The Crown Prosecution Service
2069:
2014:
1988:
1967:
1927:
1906:
1880:
1859:
1832:
1811:
1798:"Investigatory Powers Act 2016"
1790:
1768:
1742:
1721:
1695:
1666:
1640:
1615:
1589:
1563:
1537:
1519:
1438:
1412:
1359:
1337:
1326:
1314:
1293:
1266:
1217:
1136:
1117:
1098:
1079:
1026:
1000:
988:. Home Office. 14 December 2023
2585:Gayle, Damien (8 March 2019).
2456:Nabulsi, Karma (18 May 2017).
1308:www.teachingcitizenship.org.uk
974:
949:
894:
867:
800:
91:
13:
1:
1845:commons library.parliament.uk
794:
499:sensitive state information.
400:Investigatory Powers Act 2016
343:2017 Finsbury Park van attack
48:strategy, first developed by
27:UK counter-terrorism strategy
2782:Home Office (United Kingdom)
2689:Adams, Nik (22 April 2020).
2354:Brown, Gordon (2009-03-22).
2201:"Counter-Extremism Strategy"
1962:license statement/permission
680:Central Bedfordshire Council
669:to repeal provisions in the
611:
102:Prevent referrals each year
70:
7:
1819:"Official Secrets Act 1989"
1648:"Action Counters Terrorism"
902:"Channel General Awareness"
787:at the headquarters of the
737:
719:campaign group promoted by
588:
329:7 July 2005 London bombings
295:Parsons Green train bombing
10:
2803:
2772:2006 in the United Kingdom
2495:. Brighton, United Kingdom
2000:Counter Terrorism Policing
1847:. House of Commons Library
1674:"Oversight and Safeguards"
1627:Counter Terrorism Policing
648:National Union of Teachers
579:
539:
493:
357:Counter Terrorism Policing
303:
96:
29:
2730:nouveaupactefinancier.org
777:international development
505:2017 London Bridge attack
407:Official Secrets Act 1989
310:
301:was referred to Prevent.
291:2017 London Bridge attack
2458:"Don't Go to the Doctor"
1703:"Gathering Intelligence"
785:Islamic Development Bank
689:highlighted the article
412:Under section 41 of the
333:Manchester Arena bombing
279:, was released in 2017.
643:for Muslims in the UK.
2462:London Review of Books
2311:. pp. 36 4(e)(i).
2295:. UK Government. 2020.
1709:. Security Service MI5
657:In June 2016, the MPs
956:Omand, David (2011).
729:Amnesty International
687:University of Reading
667:private member's bill
650:' 2016 conference in
641:freedom of expression
458:The Base (hate group)
372:Proportionality (law)
299:murder of David Amess
1975:"Terrorism Act 2006"
936:"Terrorism Act 2000"
713:Extinction Rebellion
269:right wing extremism
30:For other uses, see
2329:The Daily Telegraph
1914:"Terrorism Act 200"
1778:. Council of Europe
1652:act.campaign.gov.uk
574:2015 Sousse attacks
454:Atomwaffen Division
103:
2668:www.amnesty.org.uk
1351:. 12 August 2019.
1301:"The Prevent Duty"
958:Securing the State
529:Terrorism Act 2000
527:Schedule 7 of the
473:Terrorism Act 2000
465:Terrorism Act 2006
426:Terrorism Act 2000
419:Terrorism Act 2000
414:Terrorism Act 2000
396:Terrorism Act 2000
289:The leader of the
101:
967:978-1-84904-188-1
881:. 20 August 2018.
747:In other contexts
717:climate emergency
705:In January 2020,
618:Shami Chakrabarti
602:UK Prime Minister
339:Lone wolf attacks
273:Islamic extremism
238:
237:
46:counter-terrorism
16:(Redirected from
2794:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2701:
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2679:
2677:
2675:
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2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2634:
2628:
2627:
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2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2537:
2531:
2530:
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2511:
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2502:
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2477:
2475:
2473:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
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2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2332:. Archived from
2319:
2313:
2312:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2284:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2205:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
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2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1971:
1965:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1678:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1502:
1494:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1416:
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1409:
1404:
1402:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1341:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1278:
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1264:
1263:
1257:
1249:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1174:. Archived from
1164:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1102:
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1095:
1093:
1083:
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1074:
1073:
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1049:
1047:
1045:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
993:
978:
972:
971:
953:
947:
946:
944:
942:
932:
913:
912:
910:
909:
898:
892:
889:
883:
882:
871:
865:
864:
862:
861:
844:
838:
837:
835:
834:
825:. Archived from
815:
809:
804:
639:and restricting
253:mentors. The UK
247:deradicalisation
104:
100:
21:
18:Prevent strategy
2802:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2757:
2756:
2748:
2743:
2734:
2732:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2687:
2683:
2673:
2671:
2670:. 13 March 2024
2662:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2609:
2605:
2595:
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2583:
2579:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2519:Shropshire Star
2513:
2512:
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2498:
2496:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2428:
2424:
2414:
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2405:
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2366:
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2348:
2339:
2337:
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2316:
2305:
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2260:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2206:. HM Government
2203:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
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2122:
2112:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2057:. 14 April 2023
2049:
2048:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1944:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1654:. HM Government
1646:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1507:. HM Government
1500:
1496:
1495:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1417:
1413:
1400:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1364:
1360:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1283:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1251:
1250:
1238:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1181:
1179:
1166:
1165:
1156:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1071:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1006:
1005:
1001:
991:
989:
980:
979:
975:
968:
954:
950:
940:
938:
934:
933:
916:
907:
905:
900:
899:
895:
890:
886:
873:
872:
868:
859:
857:
846:
845:
841:
832:
830:
817:
816:
812:
805:
801:
797:
753:Emmanuel Macron
749:
740:
700:Court of Appeal
626:British Muslims
614:
591:
582:
542:
496:
313:
308:
121:
116:
111:
99:
94:
73:
50:Sir David Omand
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2800:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2767:2006 documents
2755:
2754:
2747:
2746:External links
2744:
2742:
2741:
2717:
2696:
2681:
2655:
2629:
2603:
2577:
2558:
2532:
2521:. 7 March 2017
2506:
2479:
2448:
2422:
2399:
2373:
2346:
2314:
2298:
2268:
2257:. 29 June 2015
2242:
2217:
2192:
2171:
2145:
2120:
2094:
2068:
2039:
2013:
1987:
1966:
1926:
1905:
1879:
1858:
1831:
1810:
1789:
1767:
1741:
1720:
1694:
1665:
1639:
1614:
1603:. 7 March 2018
1588:
1577:. 19 June 2017
1562:
1536:
1533:. 3 July 2015.
1518:
1464:
1437:
1411:
1383:
1373:New York Times
1358:
1336:
1325:
1313:
1292:
1265:
1236:
1216:
1205:. 2 April 2016
1188:
1154:
1151:. Home Office.
1135:
1116:
1113:. Home office.
1097:
1094:. Home Office.
1078:
1051:
1025:
999:
973:
966:
948:
914:
893:
884:
866:
839:
810:
798:
796:
793:
781:climate change
773:prime minister
769:home secretary
761:chief of staff
748:
745:
739:
736:
721:Greta Thunberg
711:reported that
620:, director of
613:
610:
590:
587:
581:
578:
563:
562:
559:
556:
553:
541:
538:
525:
524:
521:
518:
515:
495:
492:
450:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
354:
353:
346:
336:
325:
312:
309:
251:liberal Muslim
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
222:
221:
218:
215:
212:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
124:
123:
118:
113:
108:
98:
95:
93:
90:
89:
88:
84:
80:
72:
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42:United Kingdom
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2749:
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2437:
2433:
2426:
2410:
2403:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2350:
2336:on 2009-03-22
2335:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2281:
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2246:
2231:
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2181:
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2132:
2124:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2028:. 2 June 2023
2027:
2023:
2017:
2002:. 2 June 2023
2001:
1997:
1991:
1976:
1970:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1941:. Home Office
1940:
1936:
1930:
1915:
1909:
1894:. Home Office
1893:
1889:
1883:
1868:
1862:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1820:
1814:
1799:
1793:
1777:
1771:
1756:. Home Office
1755:
1751:
1745:
1730:
1724:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1683:. Home Office
1682:
1675:
1669:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1551:. 23 May 2017
1550:
1546:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1506:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
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1479:
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1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1426:
1425:Yahoo News UK
1422:
1415:
1408:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1354:
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1346:
1340:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1309:
1302:
1296:
1282:
1275:
1269:
1261:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1237:9781528602099
1233:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1204:
1203:
1202:The Economist
1198:
1192:
1178:on 2009-07-11
1177:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1040:. Home Office
1039:
1035:
1029:
1014:. Home Office
1013:
1009:
1003:
987:
983:
977:
969:
963:
959:
952:
937:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
903:
897:
888:
880:
876:
870:
855:
854:
849:
843:
829:on 2009-02-17
828:
824:
820:
814:
808:
803:
799:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
744:
735:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
709:
703:
701:
696:
693:by Professor
692:
688:
683:
681:
675:
672:
668:
665:introduced a
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
609:
606:
603:
599:
597:
586:
577:
575:
570:
568:
560:
557:
554:
551:
550:
549:
546:
537:
533:
530:
522:
519:
516:
513:
512:
511:
508:
506:
500:
491:
487:
485:
480:
476:
474:
469:
466:
461:
459:
455:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
434:
433:
430:
427:
422:
420:
415:
410:
408:
403:
401:
397:
391:
388:
384:
382:
378:
373:
369:
365:
361:
358:
351:
347:
344:
340:
337:
334:
330:
326:
323:
319:
318:
317:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
265:
261:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
233:
230:
227:
224:
223:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
119:
114:
109:
106:
105:
85:
81:
78:
77:
76:
68:
64:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
2733:. Retrieved
2729:
2720:
2710:, retrieved
2705:
2699:
2684:
2672:. Retrieved
2667:
2658:
2646:. Retrieved
2643:The Guardian
2642:
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2617:The Guardian
2616:
2606:
2594:. Retrieved
2591:The Guardian
2590:
2580:
2572:The Observer
2571:
2561:
2551:18 September
2549:. Retrieved
2546:The Guardian
2545:
2535:
2523:. Retrieved
2518:
2509:
2497:. Retrieved
2493:The Guardian
2492:
2482:
2470:. Retrieved
2465:
2461:
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2436:The Guardian
2435:
2425:
2413:. Retrieved
2402:
2390:. Retrieved
2387:The Guardian
2386:
2376:
2365:. Retrieved
2361:The Observer
2359:
2349:
2338:. Retrieved
2334:the original
2327:
2317:
2307:
2301:
2288:
2259:. Retrieved
2254:
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2229:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2195:
2183:. Retrieved
2174:
2162:. Retrieved
2157:
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2136:. Retrieved
2130:
2123:
2111:. Retrieved
2106:
2097:
2085:. Retrieved
2080:
2071:
2059:. Retrieved
2054:
2030:. Retrieved
2025:
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
1999:
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1969:
1958:free content
1943:. Retrieved
1938:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1908:
1896:. Retrieved
1891:
1882:
1870:. Retrieved
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1844:
1834:
1822:. Retrieved
1813:
1801:. Retrieved
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1753:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1723:
1711:. Retrieved
1706:
1697:
1685:. Retrieved
1680:
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1651:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:
1617:
1605:. Retrieved
1600:
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1574:
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1548:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1504:
1456:. Retrieved
1454:. 2021-10-16
1451:The Guardian
1449:
1440:
1430:20 September
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