651:
31:
411:
369:
197:) he wished from among the members of the Dáil, but the remainder of the cabinet had to be approved by a vote of consent in the Dáil before they could assume office. If he ceased to "retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann," the president, along with his cabinet, was obliged to resign, but could continue to serve as acting president until the appointment of a successor.
232:, that the president of the Executive Council was closer to being the Executive Council's chairman or presiding officer, than its dominant leader. Nonetheless a strong president could exercise authority beyond the limits laid down in the 1922 constitution. The president's weak position arose from the fact that the status of his office was modelled on that of the
263:
independence. Soon after the
Statute's passage, the Free State sought, and was granted, the right to have an Irish minister formally advise the King in the exercise of his powers and functions in the Irish Free State, to the exclusion of British ministers. This had the effect of giving the president
200:
The method of appointment of the president of the
Executive Council was through a commission of the monarch or governor-general, either the leader of the party with a majority of seats in the lower house of parliament or, if no party commanded an absolute majority, whichever leader he believed would
316:(prime minister – literally meaning "Chieftain" or "Leader"). The Taoiseach occupies a more powerful position than the president of the Executive Council did and has authority both to dismiss ministers individually and to request a dissolution of parliament on his own initiative.
252:, however, from 1918 onwards, the powers of the office increased, as Lloyd George unilaterally arrogated to himself a number of powers that had previously belonged to the Cabinet collectively, including, most significantly, the right to seek a parliamentary dissolution.
300:
was abolished, with most of his powers being transferred to the
Executive Council. At the same time, the president of the Executive Council ceased to be formally appointed by the governor-general, thenceforth simply being elected by the Dáil.
177:
was vested in the governor-general, with the
Executive Council empowered to "aide and advise" him. However, it also stipulated that the governor-general could only exercise his powers in accordance with constitutional practice established in
189:
Once he had appointed the president, the governor-general appointed the remaining members of the
Executive Council on the president's nomination. The president had the freedom to choose any
1220:
1260:
625:
190:
221:
He could not advise the governor-ceneral to dismiss a minister. Rather, the
Executive Council had to be disbanded and reformed as a whole in order to replace a single minister.
1024:
837:
277:
60:
272:
The office of president of the
Executive Council came into being on 6 December 1922 with the establishment of the Irish Free State, replacing the previous offices of
875:
1115:
166:
The president of the
Executive Council was nominated by the Dáil and then formally appointed by the governor-general, though the governor-general was bound by
182:. Thus, the governor-general was required to exercise his powers on the advice of the Executive Council, making the president of the council the Free State's
832:
293:
702:
237:
827:
514:
224:
He could not request a dissolution of parliament on his own initiative. This could only be done by the
Executive Council acting collectively.
868:
167:
1255:
1108:
554:
630:
154:(the lower house of parliament) and had to enjoy the confidence of the Dáil to remain in office. The office was succeeded by that of
139:
822:
615:
579:
297:
289:
147:
46:
861:
842:
259:
removed nearly all of the UK Parliament's authority to legislate for the Irish Free State, which effectively gave the Free State
1184:
1101:
771:
718:
610:
312:
came into effect. The new
Constitution abolished the office of president of the Executive Council, replacing it with that of
1148:
670:
584:
466:
233:
151:
50:
675:
209:
The office of the president of the Executive Council was less powerful than either its modern equivalent, the office of
723:
594:
35:
1189:
766:
240:
had been theoretically quite limited and, as a member of the cabinet, the office-holder was regarded strictly as
1048:
1033:
640:
547:
273:
1158:
665:
264:
of the Executive Council the right to advise the king in his capacity as His Majesty's Irish prime minister.
1179:
697:
1194:
786:
781:
776:
761:
756:
589:
256:
229:
733:
540:
217:
of government. In particular, the powers of the president were subject to two important limitations:
728:
280:. Only two individuals held the office of president of the Executive Council during its existence:
510:
309:
1230:
682:
174:
194:
802:
214:
143:
8:
396:
305:
1169:
1125:
574:
249:
243:
127:
1093:
1064:
1014:
899:
417:
285:
88:
929:
158:, though subsequent Taoisigh are numbered from the first president of the Executive.
964:
904:
563:
135:
1069:
934:
924:
687:
635:
1199:
1164:
1153:
1074:
1038:
1009:
650:
375:
281:
131:
119:
78:
30:
909:
438:
1249:
1059:
919:
692:
410:
969:
959:
944:
213:, or the offices of most modern prime ministers in nations that follow the
368:
949:
939:
1143:
954:
914:
853:
1204:
884:
450:
313:
210:
155:
106:
532:
487:
Chairman or chief? : the role of Taoiseach in Irish government
1174:
987:
179:
61:
Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State
138:
which existed from 1922 to 1937. He was the chairman of the
16:
Head of government of the Irish Free State from 1922 to 1937
1261:
Presidents of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State
116:
president of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State
24:
President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State
1123:
833:
Executive Powers (Consequential Provisions) Act 1937
393:
228:The result of these restrictions was, according to
1247:
201:be best able to avoid a vote of no confidence.
1109:
869:
548:
124:Uachtarán ar Ard-Chomhairle Shaorstát Éireann
989:Previous offices under earlier constitutions
308:' on 29 December 1937, when the present-day
435:
304:The Irish Free State was reconstituted as '
241:
1116:
1102:
876:
862:
703:Governor-General's Address to Dáil Éireann
555:
541:
1053:President of the Irish Republic (1919–22)
140:Executive Council of the Irish Free State
823:Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936
883:
843:Adoption of the Constitution of Ireland
626:Vice-President of the Executive Council
290:constitutional amendment passed in 1936
1248:
1025:Chairman of the Provisional Government
838:Chairman of the Provisional Government
278:chairman of the Provisional Government
1185:President of the Council of Ministers
1097:
986:
857:
536:
344:
146:. The president was appointed by the
585:Constitution of the Irish Free State
562:
517:from the original on 18 October 2019
467:Irish heads of government since 1919
234:prime minister of the United Kingdom
13:
1256:Government in the Irish Free State
1226:President of the Executive Council
1001:President of the Executive Council
621:President of the Executive Council
36:Great Seal of the Irish Free State
14:
1272:
649:
409:
367:
319:
29:
1190:President of the Executive Yuan
1161:(collective head of government)
238:British prime minister's powers
503:
479:
327:
161:
1:
641:Ministers and Secretaries Act
496:
236:before 1918. Until 1918, the
170:to honour the Dáil's choice.
472:
433:5 years, 295 days
7:
1195:President of the government
828:External Relations Act 1936
460:
391:9 years, 94 days
257:Statute of Westminster 1931
10:
1277:
734:Courts of Justice Act 1924
294:legislation passed in 1937
267:
1213:
1136:
1132:
1049:President of Dáil Éireann
1047:
1023:
999:
995:
982:
895:
891:
815:
795:
749:
742:
711:
658:
647:
603:
570:
511:"Taoiseach Website (FAQ)"
447:
437:
395:
347:
341:
334:
331:
326:
274:president of Dáil Éireann
204:
168:constitutional convention
150:, upon the nomination of
102:
94:
84:
74:
66:
56:
49:, upon the nomination of
42:
28:
23:
310:Constitution of Ireland
248:. Under Prime Minister
590:Statute of Westminster
580:Provisional Government
242:
123:
449:Position replaced by
195:deputy prime minister
288:thereafter. Under a
215:parliamentary system
1126:heads of government
885:Taoisigh of Ireland
485:See Brian Farrell,
397:Cumann na nGaedheal
142:, the Free State's
1170:Minister-president
698:Oath of Allegiance
575:Anglo-Irish Treaty
284:, until 1932, and
250:David Lloyd George
244:primus inter pares
186:political leader.
128:head of government
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
978:
977:
930:Garret FitzGerald
851:
850:
811:
810:
631:Executive Council
458:
457:
430:29 December 1937
112:
111:
1268:
1134:
1133:
1124:Titles used for
1118:
1111:
1104:
1095:
1094:
997:
996:
990:
984:
983:
905:John A. Costello
893:
892:
878:
871:
864:
855:
854:
747:
746:
653:
616:Governor-General
564:Irish Free State
557:
550:
543:
534:
533:
527:
526:
524:
522:
507:
490:
483:
453:in December 1937
424:
413:
385:6 December 1922
382:
371:
345:Political party
339:
329:
324:
323:
298:governor-general
247:
148:governor-general
136:Irish Free State
98:29 December 1937
47:Governor-General
33:
21:
20:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1235:
1209:
1159:Federal Council
1149:Chief executive
1128:
1122:
1092:
1079:
1070:Arthur Griffith
1065:Éamon de Valera
1052:
1043:
1034:Michael Collins
1019:
1015:Éamon de Valera
991:
988:
974:
935:Albert Reynolds
925:Charles Haughey
900:Éamon de Valera
887:
882:
852:
847:
807:
791:
738:
707:
688:Ceann Comhairle
654:
645:
636:Extern minister
599:
566:
561:
531:
530:
520:
518:
509:
508:
504:
499:
494:
493:
484:
480:
475:
463:
422:
421:
418:Éamon de Valera
380:
379:
359:Time in office
342:Term of office
337:
336:
322:
286:Éamon de Valera
270:
207:
175:executive power
164:
89:Éamon de Valera
70:6 December 1922
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1200:Prime minister
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1165:First minister
1162:
1156:
1154:Chief minister
1151:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1075:W. T. Cosgrave
1072:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1039:W. T. Cosgrave
1036:
1030:
1028:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1010:W. T. Cosgrave
1006:
1004:
993:
992:
980:
979:
976:
975:
973:
972:
967:
965:Micheál Martin
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
896:
889:
888:
881:
880:
873:
866:
858:
849:
848:
846:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
819:
817:
813:
812:
809:
808:
806:
805:
799:
797:
793:
792:
790:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
753:
751:
744:
740:
739:
737:
736:
731:
726:
721:
715:
713:
709:
708:
706:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
679:
678:
676:Seanad Éireann
673:
662:
660:
656:
655:
648:
646:
644:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
607:
605:
601:
600:
598:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
571:
568:
567:
560:
559:
552:
545:
537:
529:
528:
501:
500:
498:
495:
492:
491:
477:
476:
474:
471:
470:
469:
462:
459:
456:
455:
445:
444:
441:
436:
434:
431:
428:
425:
414:
407:
403:
402:
399:
394:
392:
389:
386:
383:
376:W. T. Cosgrave
372:
365:
361:
360:
357:
354:
350:
349:
346:
343:
340:
333:
330:
321:
318:
296:the office of
282:W. T. Cosgrave
269:
266:
226:
225:
222:
206:
203:
191:vice-president
163:
160:
132:prime minister
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
79:W. T. Cosgrave
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
44:
40:
39:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1273:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1060:Cathal Brugha
1058:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1002:
998:
994:
985:
981:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
920:Liam Cosgrave
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
897:
894:
890:
886:
879:
874:
872:
867:
865:
860:
859:
856:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
818:
814:
804:
801:
800:
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794:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
752:
748:
745:
741:
735:
732:
730:
729:Chief Justice
727:
725:
722:
720:
719:Supreme Court
717:
716:
714:
710:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
693:Cathaoirleach
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
663:
661:
657:
652:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
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606:
602:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
569:
565:
558:
553:
551:
546:
544:
539:
538:
535:
516:
512:
506:
502:
488:
482:
478:
468:
465:
464:
454:
452:
446:
442:
440:
432:
429:
427:9 March 1932
426:
420:
419:
415:
412:
408:
405:
404:
400:
398:
390:
388:9 March 1932
387:
384:
378:
377:
373:
370:
366:
363:
362:
358:
355:
352:
351:
338:(birth–death)
325:
320:Officeholders
317:
315:
311:
307:
302:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
265:
262:
258:
255:In 1931, the
253:
251:
246:
245:
239:
235:
231:
230:Brian Farrell
223:
220:
219:
218:
216:
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202:
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176:
171:
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69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
52:
48:
45:
41:
37:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1225:
1000:
970:Simon Harris
960:Leo Varadkar
945:Bertie Ahern
683:Royal Assent
671:Dáil Éireann
620:
519:. Retrieved
505:
486:
481:
448:
416:
374:
356:Left office
353:Took office
303:
271:
260:
254:
227:
208:
199:
188:
183:
172:
165:
152:Dáil Éireann
115:
113:
85:Final holder
75:First holder
51:Dáil Éireann
18:
1231:State Elder
950:Brian Cowen
940:John Bruton
910:Seán Lemass
659:Legislative
439:Fianna Fáil
423:(1882–1975)
381:(1880–1965)
162:Appointment
1250:Categories
1144:Chancellor
955:Enda Kenny
915:Jack Lynch
772:1927 (Sep)
767:1927 (Jun)
724:High Court
666:Oireachtas
595:Great Seal
521:25 October
497:References
173:On paper,
126:) was the
103:Succession
1205:Taoiseach
1180:President
1003:(1922–37)
743:Elections
712:Judiciary
604:Executive
473:Footnotes
451:Taoiseach
332:Portrait
314:taoiseach
211:taoiseach
156:taoiseach
107:Taoiseach
95:Abolished
67:Formation
57:Precursor
43:Appointer
1221:Chairman
816:See also
515:Archived
461:See also
443:3 terms
401:5 terms
348:Elected
184:de facto
1175:Premier
1137:Current
750:General
489:, 1971.
306:Ireland
268:History
261:de jure
144:cabinet
134:of the
1214:Former
1027:(1922)
796:Seanad
205:Powers
180:Canada
120:Irish
803:1925
787:1937
782:1933
777:1932
762:1923
757:1922
611:King
523:2019
335:Name
292:and
276:and
114:The
1051:or
328:No.
130:or
1252::
513:.
406:2
364:1
122::
1117:e
1110:t
1103:v
877:e
870:t
863:v
556:e
549:t
542:v
525:.
193:(
118:(
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