36:
4111:اسم المفعول), and the form of the participle is predictable by inspection of the dictionary form of the verb. These participles are inflected for gender, number and case, but not person. Arabic participles are employed syntactically in a variety of ways: as nouns, as adjectives or even as verbs. Their uses vary across
303:, was first used circa 1864 to facilitate grammatical distinctions. Despite the taxonomical use of "past" and "present" as associated with the aforementioned participles, their respective semantic use can entail any tense, regardless of aspect, depending on how they are structurally combined.
595:). The traditional terms are misleading because the participles do not necessarily correspond to tense: the present participle is often associated with the progressive (continuous) aspect, while the past participle is linked with the perfect aspect or passive voice. See the examples below:
2479:
There is a form of the participle for every combination of aspect (present, aorist, perfect, future) and voice (active, middle, passive). All participles are based on their finite forms. Here are the masculine nominative singular forms for a thematic and an athematic verb:
2383:). The past participle is used generally as an adjective referring to a finished action, in which case its ending changes according to gender and number. At other times is used to form compound tenses: the present perfect, past perfect (sometimes referred to as the
4398:
tappanut). Just like the present active participle, it can also be used as the subject in a sentence, except it conveys the meaning in the past tense. In other words, tappanut can mean "the one who killed" or "he who killed". Tappanut on... = He who killed is...
1961:
Because a participle is an adjective as well as a verb, just like any other Latin adjective its ending changes according to the noun it describes. So when the noun is masculine, the participle must be masculine; when the noun is in the
650:. Some languages (such as Latin and Russian) have distinct participles for active and passive uses. In English, the present participle is essentially an active participle, and the past participle has both active and passive uses.
4826:, forming 18 compound tenses (9 active and 9 passive). However, this soon becomes complicated and often unnecessary, and is only frequently used when rigorous translation of English is required. An example of this would be
4142:, the participles do not participate in verbal constructions with auxiliaries the same way as their English counterparts and rarely take on a verbal meaning in a sentence (a notable exception being participles derived from
4190:) and the syntactic/semantic context of the utterance. What ties them all together is that they describe the subject of the verb from which they derive. The passive participles in certain dialects can be used as a sort of
4023:
is unique for having fourteen different participial forms of the verb, which can be grouped into five when accounting for inflection by tense. Some of these are also inflected by gender and case. For example, the verb
4713:. Unlike in English, adverbial participles were conjugated to reflect the person and number of their implicit subjects; hence, an adverbial participle could replace a clause in the English sentence "If
5145:, Moscow • Leningrad, 1964. Original data: Г.А. Меновщиков: Язык сиреникских эскимосов. Фонетика, очерк морфологии, тексты и словарь. Академия Наук СССР. Институт языкознания. Москва • Ленинград, 1964
4115:. In general the active participle describes a property of the syntactic subject of the verb from which it derives, whilst the passive participles describes the object. For example, from the verb كتب
1134:
our differences, the project then proceeded smoothly (Because/after he and I had reconciled our differences, the project proceeded smoothly). (This is known as the nominative absolute construction.)
1758:
The participles are marked in bold. The first example involves a present participle and the two latter examples involves a past participle. All present participles end with an -ande suffix.
4080:("what needs to be walked"). The active and passive participles and the semi-participles are inflected by gender, and the active, passive and necessity participles are inflected by case.
3999:
past active participle: there is only one remnant of the past active participle, which is the word бивш (former). However, this word is often replaced with the word поранешен (former);
4645:
Turkish participles consist of a verb stem and a suffix. Some participles may be conjugated, but some may not. Participles always precede the noun they are defining, unlike in
English.
6292:
1761:
In
Norwegian, the present participle may be used to form adjectives or adverbs denoting the possibility or convenience of performing the action prescribed by the verb. For example:
4182:رايح), which has a progressive ("is going…") meaning. The exact tense or continuity of the participles is, therefore, determined by the nature of the specific verb (especially its
4214:). These participles are inflected for gender and number. The active participle takes a variety of syntactic roles, such as a verb in present tense, a noun, and an adjective.
210:
Cross-linguistically, participles may have a range of functions apart from adjectival modification. In
European and Indian languages, the past participle is used to form the
2975:), aspectual participles which mark the aspect and non-aspectual participles which do not mark verbal aspect. The table below mentions the different participles present in
1966:(object) case, the participle is also in the accusative case; when the noun has plural endings, the participle also has plural endings. Thus a simple participle such as
718:
prefix, as are most strong and weak past participles in Dutch and German today, and often by a vowel change in the stem. Those of weak verbs were marked by the ending
4348:
kills. It can also work as the subject of the sentence. In other words, tappava can mean "the one who kills" or "he who kills". Tappava on... = He who kills is...
171:"Participle" is a traditional grammatical term from Greek and Latin that is widely used for corresponding verb forms in European languages and analogous forms in
1712:") aspect is generally identical to the nominative neuter singular form of the past participle for all verbs. For the present participle there is no agreement.
4154:, however, it is much more common for the participles, especially the active participle, to have verbal force in the sentence. For example, in dialects of the
1993:"drawn" is better taken as describing an action ("he drew his sword" or "after drawing his sword") rather than as describing the sword ("with a drawn sword"):
5603:
4158:, the active participle is a structure that describes the state of the syntactic subject after the action of the verb from which it derives has taken place.
4868:
These rules hold true for all transitive verbs. Since copular and intransitive verbs do not have passive voice, their participle forms can only be active.
4421:
Always used with a possessive suffix. It is used to convey the meaning of the word "by" in
English, since there is no word for "by" in Finnish. Hänen tappa
2238:" (a flying insect) and in some other contexts. They are never used to form tenses. The present participle is used in subordinate clauses, usually with
4005:
resultative participle: this has transformed into a verbal l-form (глаголска л-форма). It is not a participle since it does not function attributively.
3989:
Macedonian has completely lost or transformed the participles of Common Slavic, unlike the other Slavic languages. The following points may be noted:
250:, and nominalised verbs in complement clauses. As a result, 'participles' have come to be associated with a broad variety of syntactic constructions.
4233:
means "I was working". Another use of this syntactic structure is equivalent to "used to" in
English. For example, דויד בילדותו היה גר בארצות הברית
1989:
A participle can have a descriptive meaning like an adjective, or a more dynamic meaning like a verb. Thus in the following sentence the participle
1692:
the past participle has to agree with the noun to some degree. All of the
Scandinavian languages have mandatory agreement with the noun in number.
4440:
Used to convey impossibility (unkillable) and undoneness (not killed). Tappamaton mies means both "unkillable man" and "man (who is) not killed".
4382:(to be) to construct the perfect and the past perfect tenses. In English the verb "to have" is used to form the perfect and past perfect tense (I
1838:, and it is from Latin that the name and concept of the participle derives. According to Donatus there are four participles in Latin, as follows:
535:
Grammatical descriptions vary in the way these are treated. Some descriptive grammars treat such adverbial and adjectival participles as distinct
3696:("a laughing man"). Like Breton but unlike Welsh, Cornish also has verbal adjectives which are used similarly to English past participles, e.g.
3642:
The progressive aspect marking participles rahā, rahē, rahī, and rahīm̥ are shortened to rā, rē, rī, and rīm̥ respectively in colloquial speech.
504:
phrase in the sentence in which it appears, whereas an adjectival participle (or a participial phrase/clause based on one) plays the role of an
5695:
3909:
Adverbial past active: слышав "(while) hearing" (used mostly in the negative in the modern language, e.g. не слышав "without ever hearing")
5729:
3996:
present passive participle: there are some isolated cases or remnants of the present passive participle, such as the word лаком (greedy);
4807:
These examples use the active participles, but the usage of the passive participles is similar. A cake that is going to be divided is a
2285:, but modern grammar does not consider it a true participle, as such forms usually have the meaning of simple adjectives or nouns: e.g.
3631:
The periphrasatic adjectival marker huā, huē, huī, and huīm̥ are shortened to wā, wē, wī, and wīm̥ respectively in colloquial speech.
4743:
has six different participle conjugations; active and passive for past, present and future. The participles are formed as follows:
1279:"). In both instances, a gerund functions nominatively rather than adjectivally or adverbially—whether as an object (e.g., "I like
1122:
properly, wooden buildings can last for centuries (If/when they are maintained properly, wooden buildings can last for centuries).
274:'sharing, participation', because it shares certain properties of verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. The Latin grammatical term is a
4127:مكتوب. Roughly these translate to "writing" and "written" respectively. However, they have different, derived lexical uses. كاتب
539:, while others include them both in a single category of participles. Adverbial participles in certain languages may be called
4887:
is a book that would be read (or have been read). These unofficial participle forms are however very rarely used in practice.
5533:
4968:
4166:("to eat"), describes one's state after having eaten something. Therefore, it can be used in analogous way to the English
1344:
1317:
functions as a gerund; when the danger concerns "Planes that fly" or "Planes when they are flying" (i.e., in contrast to
100:
4990:
2043:
Both the future and the perfect participle (but not the present participle) can be used with various tenses of the verb
1348:
219:
72:
17:
3841:
Due to the distinction between adjectival and adverbial participles, in Polish it is practically impossible to make a
5588:
5563:
5428:
5405:
2020:
The dynamic, verbal meaning is more common, and Latin often uses a participle where
English might use a simple verb.
1271:
is traditionally regarded as distinct from the present participle. A gerund can function transitively (e.g., "I like
119:
311:
Some languages have extensive participial systems but
English has only two participial forms, most commonly termed:
5722:
1024:
Additionally, participles that express an adjectivally attributive meaning can be affixed to form adverbs, such as
908:) in the case of regular verbs, for example "loaded", "boiled", "mounted", but takes various forms in the case of
79:
5261:
968:
4002:
past passive participle: this has been transformed into a verbal adjective (it behaves like a normal adjective);
1834:
grammar was studied in Europe for hundreds of years, especially the handbook written by the 4th-century teacher
6564:
1958:"having encouraged", etc. The present and future participles are always active, the gerundive usually passive.
57:
6382:
5674:
881:
is sometimes used to include the gerund; the term "gerund–participle" is also used to indicate the verb form.
529:
230:. In non-Indo-European languages, 'participle' has been applied to forms that are alternatively regarded as
86:
6374:
500:. An adverbial participle (or a participial phrase/clause based on such a participle) plays the role of an
5446:"A comparative study of participles, converbs and absolute constructions in Hindi and Medieval Rajasthani"
4254:) to convey different meanings. Below is a table displaying the declension of the participles of the verb
2983:
denotes the verb root. The aspectual participles can take a few other copulas after them besides the verb
2186:"done". The sense of the past participle is passive as an adjective and in most verbal constructions with
6590:
6074:
5893:
5790:
5715:
5142:
5007:
4921:
3729:
560:
247:
53:
2476:. Participles are quite numerous in Ancient Greek: a non-defective verb has as many as ten participles.
2023:
The present participle often describes the circumstances attending the main verb. A typical example is:
5760:
5002:
3853:
it is unclear whether "I" or "they" were hiding in the closet. In Polish there is a clear distinction:
2435:
1340:
532:. Details can be found in the sections below or in the articles on the grammars of specific languages.
295:, was coined circa 1798 based on its participial form, whose morphology equates to the regular form of
68:
4871:
An informal and unofficial addition to these six are the participles for conditional forms, which use
5024:
4702:
4194:, but more often than not, they are used in their various lexicalized senses as adjectives or nouns.
4174:انا آكل meaning "I have eaten", "I have just eaten" or "I have already eaten"). Other verbs, such as
3733:
390:
5648:
Dâsitân-ı Sultân Mahmûd
Mesnevisi'nde Fiiller, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
5506:
3724:
in either case. In the passive voice, participles are usually replaced by a compound phrase such as
2444:
participle shares in the properties of adjectives and verbs. Like an adjective, it changes form for
6484:
5984:
4617:
In
Hungarian grammar, the infinitive is also considered a kind of participle, the noun participle (
1689:
1325:
is being used adjectivally as a participle. For more on the distinctions between these uses of the
1109:
the bank statement, Ann started to cry (After she reviewed her bank statement, Ann started to cry).
1103:
her bank statement, Ann started to cry (While she reviewed her bank statement, Ann started to cry).
5057:
6296:
5805:
5614:
4735:
1822:
1036:
909:
196:
46:
6059:
5141:
Menovshchikov, G.A.: Language of Sireniki Eskimos. Phonetics, morphology, texts and vocabulary.
4446:
Each of the participles can be used as adjectives and so some of them can be turned into nouns.
4367:
can mean both "the killable man" (possibility) and "the man who has to be killed" (obligation).
3931:
Future participles formed from perfective verbs are not considered a part of standard language.
160:
that has some of the characteristics and functions of both verbs and adjectives. More narrowly,
6430:
6257:
6166:
5647:
5382:
5043:
4187:
1410:
5700:
6501:
6392:
6387:
6364:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6126:
5919:
5755:
5493:
1198:
403:
393:, but such linguistic distinctions are neither recognized nor employed on a universal basis.
5208:
4359:
Conveys possibility and obligation. Possibility as in -able (killable) and obligation as in
2799:
Like an adjective, it can modify a noun, and can be used to embed one thought into another.
1868:
6506:
6440:
6272:
6229:
6131:
5994:
5954:
4830:, or, the boy will have been taught. This example sentence is then in the future anterior.
3903:
3664:
711:
5129:
401:
Participles can be used adjectivally (i.e. without characteristics of canonical verbs) as
8:
6287:
6267:
5914:
4112:
4020:
3884:
3287:
2972:
2110:
1826:
411:
or the usual modifiers that verbs have. However, they can be modified by adverbs such as
5707:
5522:"On the nature of the Hindi infinitive: History as an answer to its syntactic behavior?"
3680:
In Cornish, an equivalent present participle construction to English is formed by using
2047:"to be" to make a compound tense such as the future-in-the-past or the perfect passive:
789:(southeast). The last is the one that became standard, falling together with the suffix
143:
93:
6453:
6420:
6346:
6331:
6316:
6306:
6219:
6214:
6204:
5999:
5929:
5924:
5688:
4973:
4911:
4522:
4151:
4147:
3721:
3503:
3170:
2976:
2453:
2445:
1818:
1701:
1158:
837:
726:
vowel before it. Modern English past participles derive from these forms (although the
576:
449:
functions transitively in a non-finite sense as a participle that expresses the object
188:
184:
4094:
1923:
However, many modern Latin grammars treat the gerundive as a separate part of speech.
6410:
6336:
6311:
6234:
6099:
6044:
6014:
5974:
5604:
Shagal (Krapivina), Future participles in Russian: Expanding the participial paradigm
5584:
5559:
5529:
5521:
5481:
5445:
5424:
5160:
4100:
3914:
3842:
3827:
3226:
3114:
2457:
1178:
1093:
974:
Participles, or participial phrases (clauses) formed from them, are used as follows:
896:
639:
572:
517:
223:
200:
172:
5482:"The Conjunctive Participle in Dakkhini Hindi-Urdu: Making the Best of Both Worlds*"
2390:
As an adjective (note how "escritas" agrees in gender with the noun, "las cartas"):
2367:
for verbs ending in "-er" or "-ir"; but some verbs have an irregular form ending in
6448:
6341:
6321:
6171:
6136:
6054:
5849:
5457:
5132:. Part of "An Interactive On-line Reference Grammar — Russian" by Dr. Robert Beard.
4896:
4698:
4222:
4139:
2473:
2449:
1708:
have agreement in number, gender and case. The verb form used for the perfect (or "
1705:
1697:
1089:
774:
536:
525:
521:
513:
505:
408:
227:
192:
5190:
Huddleston, Rodney. (2002). In Rodney Huddleston & Geoffrey K. Pullum (Eds.),
4648:
Participle suffixes, like many other suffixes in Turkish, change according to the
3874:
is an active adjectival participle agreeing grammatically with the object ("them")
164:
has been defined as "a word derived from a verb and used as an adjective, as in a
6356:
6277:
6239:
6224:
6104:
6094:
6009:
6004:
5944:
5810:
5780:
5618:
5159:. Osiris tankönyvek (in Hungarian) (3. kiadás ed.). Budapest: Osiris Kiadó.
5012:
4978:
4167:
3796:
3512:
3058:
2461:
1963:
1931:
1339:
For more details on uses of participles and other parts of verbs in English, see
1295:
are morphologically identical, their grammatical functions differ substantially.
509:
204:
176:
734:
in Middle English, has now been lost — except in some rare dialects such as the
6538:
6496:
6458:
6360:
6089:
6079:
6069:
5964:
5959:
5939:
5934:
5863:
5738:
5219:
Hewings, Martin. (2005). Future continuous and future perfect (continuous). In
4916:
4183:
3864:
is a present adverbial participle agreeing grammatically with the subject ("I")
1835:
812:
766:
735:
157:
137:
2081:
The perfect and future participles can also be used, with or without the verb
6584:
6463:
6415:
6282:
6262:
6141:
6039:
5989:
5969:
5949:
5164:
4998:
4649:
4191:
3845:
in the classical English meaning of the term. For instance, in the sentence:
2469:
2441:
2252:" (the broken table); to form compound tenses such as the perfect "Vous avez
1943:
1927:
1298:
Sometimes their morphological similarity can create contextual ambiguity, as
1261:
964:
890:
647:
382:
211:
5462:
2938:, literally "the one going to be a good general," is used to embed the idea
2387:), and the future perfect, in which case it is indeclinable. Some examples:
6552:
6526:
6516:
6489:
6351:
6084:
6049:
6024:
5979:
5800:
5662:
5368:
4944:
4344:. Tappava means "killing" as in "killing machine". In other words, machine
4143:
3712:
In Welsh, the effect of a participle in the active voice is constructed by
1354:
The following table summarises some of the uses of participles in English:
1299:
1249:
1151:
825:
643:
215:
2950:
The participle is very widely used in Ancient Greek, especially in prose.
27:
Form of a verb which is used in a sentence to modify a noun or noun phrase
6209:
6019:
5898:
5859:
5824:
5815:
4803:
is one that is falling through the air. After it hits the floor, it is a
1947:
1388:
1035:
2. In postpositive phrases. These are often regarded as functioning as a
901:
870:
794:
707:
5029:
4332:
Conveys an ongoing action. Used to omit the use of the relative pronoun
6569:
6468:
6425:
6402:
6326:
6161:
6064:
6034:
6029:
5878:
5785:
5775:
5765:
4721:
would kill walruses" since the subject was implied by the conjugation.
3939:
Participles are adjectives formed from verbs. There are various kinds:
3447:
723:
180:
6559:
6521:
6301:
6118:
5873:
5819:
5795:
4740:
3993:
present active participle: this has transformed into a verbal adverb;
3924:
Past passive: услышанный "that has been heard", "who has been heard"
831:
798:
548:
501:
296:
243:
5287:
cf. Wheelock, pp. 106ff and 112 note; Allen & Greenough, p. 315.
3894:
Present passive: слышимый "being heard", "that is heard", "audible"
1793:
35:
6548:
6543:
3660:
1313:
When the meaning is "The practice of flying a plane is dangerous,"
5583:. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt Ltd. p. 116.
4822:
These participles can be used in conjunction with the verb to be,
4221:
in the past tense, and the active participle that cognates to the
3826:– "having done" (formed in virtually all cases off verbs in their
6533:
6249:
5854:
5770:
4926:
4906:
3900:
Past passive: слышанный "that was heard", "that was being heard"
3720:
followed by the verb-noun (for the past participle). There is no
1716:
1693:
944:
In addition, various compound participles can be formed, such as
540:
231:
5099:
5085:
4883:
refers to someone who would speak (or would have spoken), and a
4217:
Hebrew has a syntactic construction of the verb "to be" (הָיָה)
1330:
6511:
6196:
5888:
5868:
5113:
5058:"Present participle Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster"
4901:
4653:
4613:(having gone in) (this form is rarely used in modern Hungarian)
4155:
3927:
Adverbial past active: услышав "having heard", "after hearing"
3831:
3754:
2465:
2194:, in reflexive constructions, and with some intransitive verbs.
1709:
1671:
1268:
874:
544:
322:
275:
239:
1213:
Such passive participles can appear in an adjectival phrase:
745:
Old English present participles were marked with an ending in
618:), but a present participle expresses the progressive aspect (
551:(though this is not consistent with the meanings of the terms
5071:
4991:
4076:("while is going, walking") and the participle of necessity
2964:
2939:
2930:
2785:
2774:
2758:
2747:
2736:
2720:
2709:
2698:
2682:
2671:
2644:
2627:
2616:
2600:
2589:
2578:
2562:
2551:
2540:
2524:
2513:
2486:
2277:) of a verb is traditionally formed with one of the suffixes
1831:
279:
5223:(2nd ed.), p. 22. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
5044:"Past participle Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster"
4237:(David in his childhood used to live in the United States).
1236:
And in a nominative absolute construction, with a subject:
769:, the form of the present participle varied across regions:
5834:
5747:
4390:
killed), in Finnish the verb "to be" is used instead (minä
3974:
3953:
3716:
followed by the verb-noun (for the present participle) and
2968:
2256:" (you have said) and to form the passive voice: "il a été
1915:(sometimes considered the future passive participle): e.g.
579:. The two types of participle in Modern English are termed
419:. The difference is illustrated by the following examples:
357:
5689:
List of English simple past and past participle verb forms
407:. Unlike standard verbs, participles don’t typically have
5737:
5209:
https://english.lingolia.com/en/grammar/verbs/participles
5181:(6th ed.), pp. 351-352. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
4202:
Like Arabic, Hebrew has two types of participles (בינוני
4044:(past frequentative tense), the passive participle forms
1784:. (English: Without power steering, the car soon becomes
1096:
is understood to be the same as that of the main clause:
626:), but a past participle is used for the perfect aspect (
5672:
Quirk, R; Greenbaum, S; Leech, G.; Svartvik, J. (1972).
5155:
Kiss, Katalin E.; Kiefer, Ferenc; Siptár, Péter (2003).
2336:
being "to continue"). Another use is in phrases such as
2328:, "to do"), and there are related constructions such as
2269:
In Spanish, the so-called present or active participle (
1358:
Active participle usage versus passive participle usage
1126:
With a different subject, placed before the participle:
179:
grammar. In particular, Greek and Latin participles are
5691:, MyEnglishTeacher.net, Advanced Learning Center, 2001.
5194:(pp. 78-81). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
4429:. The tense of the translation depends on the context.
4131:
is further lexicalized as "writer", "author" and مكتوب
4811:. When it is in the process of being divided, it is a
3897:
Past active: слышавший "who heard", "who was hearing"
1986:
and so on, according to its gender, number, and case.
5701:
Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of New Testament Greek
638:
Participles may also be identified with a particular
5423:. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 216–246.
2308:. The gerundio is used in combination with the verb
1942:"sent (by someone)". However, certain verbs (called
1792:
This construction is allowed in Nynorsk, but not in
1700:
have mandatory agreement in both number and gender.
815:
includes two traditional terms for its participles:
207:
and can take prepositional and adverbial modifiers.
4410:A concluded action. Tapettu mies = the killed man.
4028:("to go, to walk") has the active participle forms
963:Details of participle formation can be found under
214:. In English, participles are also associated with
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4799:is a bottle that will fall or is about to fall. A
2947:"he will be a good general" within the main verb.
2312:("to be") to make continuous tenses: for example,
1138:More generally as a clause or sentence modifier:
653:The following examples illustrate those concepts:
453:, thereby forming the grammatical equivalent of "
2136:form of the present tense of a verb (except with
977:1. As an adjective used in an attributive sense:
6582:
5154:
4072:(past frequentative tense), the semi-participle
3891:Present active: слышащий "hearing", "who hears"
2925:must have a great deal of ability and knowledge"
1232:in this manner, the chicken presents no problem.
3973:Past active imperfect: направел (only used in
2355:) is regularly formed with one of the suffixes
1248:Note that a past participle that complements a
622:). The second sentence is in the future tense (
461:functions as a prepositive adjective modifying
5558:. Great Britain: Routledge. pp. 225–229.
4659:There are eight types of participle suffixes;
4225:tense in English. For example, the word עבדתי
1807:
1448:present participle (postpositive); adjectival
587:, respectively (often also referred to as the
5723:
5479:
5192:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
5135:
3952:Past active imperfect: правел (only used in
1431:present participle (prepositive); adjectival
559:as normally applied to English or Latin), or
5296:e.g. Kennedy, Gildersleeve & Lodge, etc.
4959:(6th ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
4841:, then the participle refers to a person. A
2248:are used as qualifiers for nouns: "la table
2166:: formation varies according to verb group:
4525:uses adjectival and adverbial participles.
4320:The participles work in the following way:
4103:has two participles: an active participle (
3966:Verb: направя (to do, perfective aspect):
3942:Verb: правя (to do, imperfective aspect):
571:Participles are often used to form certain
269:
263:
5730:
5716:
5480:Subbarao, K.; Arora, Harbir (2009-01-01).
4056:(future tense), the adverbial participles
2420:"She (he, it) will have written a letter."
2190:, but active in verbal constructions with
691:
5461:
5203:Participles – Present, Past and Perfect.
5179:A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics
5125:
5123:
4957:A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics
4688:
2234:are used as qualifiers as in "un insecte
1683:
1260:") becomes a passive participle within a
614:The first sentence is in the past tense (
477:) can preface adjectival participles: "a
337:) but has numerous irregular forms (e.g.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
5553:
4724:
4240:
4210:) and a passive participle (בינוני פעול
3921:Past active: услышавший "who has heard"
3906:present active: слыша "(while) hearing"
3700:("clotted cream"), from the verbal noun
3688:before vowels) with a verbal noun, e.g.
2296:Another participle form is known as the
1930:in meaning, and thus mainly formed from
1919:"due to be read", "necessary to be read"
5667:American Heritage Book of English Usage
5578:
5519:
5418:
4971:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
4235:davíd b'yaldutó hayá gar b'arcót habrít
3868:Znalazłem ich chowających się w szafie.
3795:– "being done" (can only be formed off
3728:("having got his/her/their ...ing") in
2953:
2929:In the example, the participial phrase
2300:, which ends in an (unchanging) suffix
1302:pointed out in his well-known example:
1197:5. The past participle is used to form
1069:over there is my uncle (The man who is
985:window (i.e., one that has been broken)
14:
6583:
5641:
5120:
4107:اسم الفاعل) and a passive participle (
2963:There are two types of participles in
1020:comrades (i.e., those who have fallen)
606:By the time you get home, I will have
457:". In the second and third sentences,
5711:
5475:
5473:
5443:
5265:(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1965), 21.
4861:is someone who is being eaten, and a
4602:(hurrying, i.e. in a hurrying manner)
4206:): an active participle (בינוני פועל
4060:("while is walking" present tense),
3858:Znalazłem ich, chowając się w szafie.
2424:
2085:"to be", in indirect speech clauses:
1116:him (He shot the man and killed him).
1080:for freedom (We are a people who are
1006:files (i.e., those that are attached)
753:for verbs whose infinitives ended in
696:
4083:
2414:"She (he, it) had written a letter."
2408:"She (he, it) has written a letter."
1823:Latin conjugation § Participles
1275:") or intransitively (e.g., "I like
318:, which is regularly formed with an
148: 'a sharing, partaking'; abbr.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
5556:Compendium of the World's Languages
4624:
4532:) can be one of these three types:
4123:كاتب and the passive participle is
4032:("going, walking", present tense),
4019:Among Indo-European languages, the
4009:
3962:Adverbial present active: правейки
3739:
3670:
2908:pollà kaì phúsei kaì epistḗmēi deî
2198:Compound participles are possible:
24:
5547:
5470:
5412:
3849:I found them hiding in the closet.
3815:): robiąc – "doing", "while doing"
3749:The Polish word for participle is
3656:
3418:baiṭhnā / बैठना / بیٹھنا / to sit
3373:while (in the process of) sitting
3029:baiṭhnā / बैठना / بیٹھنا / to sit
1946:) have a perfect participle in an
1926:The perfect participle is usually
1726:bilar kan vere farlege. (English:
999:adventure (i.e., one that excites)
389:as often associated with e.g. the
377:Some grammars further distinguish
25:
6602:
5682:
5675:A Grammar of Contemporary English
5581:A Primer of Modern Standard Hindi
5421:A Primer of Modern Standard Hindi
5399:
5100:"Passive participle - Wiktionary"
5086:"Present participle - Wiktionary"
4853:is someone who will eat. Also, a
4229:means "I worked", and הייתי עובד
4178:راح ("to go") give a participle (
4048:("being walked", present tense),
3813:imiesłów przysłówkowy współczesny
2989:"to be". Those copular verbs are
2958:
2895:πολλὰ καὶ φύσει καὶ ἐπιστήμῃ δεῖ
2121:There are two basic participles:
1827:Latin syntax § The gerundive
1221:by the children was contaminated.
1157:The present participle forms the
869:. It is identical in form to the
807:
760:
665:is an active present participle).
5241:For example, Quirk et al., 4.12.
5114:"Active participle - Wiktionary"
4946:SIL Glossary of Linguistic Terms
3618:having done sitting, by sitting
2923:who intends to be a good general
2429:
1343:, including the sections on the
1150:4. Participles are used to form
1013:tree (i.e., one that has fallen)
900:participle, is identical to the
701:
34:
5632:
5623:
5608:
5597:
5572:
5513:
5437:
5393:
5375:
5360:
5347:
5334:
5321:
5308:
5299:
5290:
5281:
5268:
5262:Aspects of the Theory of Syntax
5253:
5244:
5235:
5226:
5213:
5197:
5184:
5171:
5148:
5143:Academy of Sciences of the USSR
5106:
5092:
4815:. Having been cut, it is now a
4507:unkillability (possibility) or
4361:something that has to be killed
3787:passive adjectival participle (
2109:For uses of the gerundive, see
2097:"He said that they were easily
1819:Latin syntax § Participles
1482:present participle; adjectival
1181:aspect with the auxiliary verb
1161:aspect with the auxiliary verb
1047:by the wind (A window that was
992:book (i.e., one that interests)
969:List of English irregular verbs
530:sophisticated participle system
288:, 'participation, participle'.
45:needs additional citations for
5650:, Osman Yıldız, May 2007 (PDF)
5078:
5072:"Past participle - Wiktionary"
5064:
5050:
5036:
5017:
4984:
4962:
4949:
4938:
4865:is someone who will be eaten.
4736:Esperanto grammar: Participles
4566:Future (has a modal meaning):
4250:Finnish uses six participles (
3820:imiesłów przysłówkowy uprzedni
3818:perfect adverbial participle (
3811:present adverbial participle (
3789:imiesłów przymiotnikowy bierny
3778:imiesłów przymiotnikowy czynny
3776:active adjectival participle (
3732:and by the impersonal form in
3542:(agentive) a person who sits
2363:for verbs ending in "-ar" and
2223:"being sold, having been sold"
2101:the place / He said that they
1909:"going to read", "due to read"
1674:present participle; adverbial
1637:present participle; aspectual
1585:present participle; aspectual
1516:present participle; aspectual
1177:The past participle forms the
676:is an active past participle).
278:of the Greek grammatical term
13:
1:
5656:
5520:Montaut, Annie (2018-09-10),
5444:Tokaj, Jolanta (2016-06-01).
4014:
3984:
3970:Past active aorist: направил
3692:("The man is laughing"), and
3612:बैठके, बैठकर بیٹھکے ، بیٹھکر
1146:, the project was successful.
841:participle, takes the ending
738:, where it takes the form of
687:is a passive past participle)
492:Some languages differentiate
5579:Shapiro, Michael C. (2003).
5554:Campbell, George L. (1995).
5419:Shapiro, Michael C. (1989).
5402:A Greek grammar for colleges
4857:is someone who was eaten, a
4845:is someone who is eating. A
4729:
4517:
4475:unkillable (possibility) or
3934:
3367:बैठते-बैठते بیٹھتے - بیٹھتے
3319:(in the process of) sitting
3197:(in the process of) sitting
2340:("he/she came running") and
1773:?) (or rather: Was the food
1568:past participle; adjectival
1499:past participle; adjectival
1465:past participle; adjectival
888:, also sometimes called the
823:, also sometimes called the
253:
235:
7:
5526:Trends in Hindi Linguistics
4922:Transgressive (linguistics)
4890:
4448:
4357:Present passive participle:
4299:
4260:
4162:, the active participle of
4119:, the active participle is
3949:Past active aorist: правил
3761:). There are four types of
3650:
3540:(prospective) going to sit
1845:participle: present stem +
1808:Latin and Romance languages
1780:Utan servo vert bilen fort
1654:past participle; adverbial
1620:past participle; aspectual
1603:past participle; aspectual
1582:present perfect continuous
1551:past participle; aspectual
1533:past participle; aspectual
1287:is not allowed"). Although
1283:") or as a subject (e.g., "
1058:a red hat (A woman who was
262:comes from classical Latin
10:
6607:
6565:Syntax–semantics interface
4992:
4733:
4693:
4629:
4330:Present active participle:
4245:
4146:as well as participles in
4092:
3913:Verb: услышать (to hear,
3878:
3675:
3406:NON-ASPECTUAL PARTICIPLES
2940:
2931:
2786:
2775:
2759:
2748:
2737:
2721:
2710:
2699:
2683:
2672:
2645:
2628:
2617:
2601:
2590:
2579:
2563:
2552:
2541:
2525:
2514:
2487:
2436:Participle (Ancient Greek)
2433:
2264:
2260:" (he/it has been killed).
2242:: "Je marche, en parlant".
2217:Passive perfect participle
2203:Present perfect participle
2111:Latin syntax#The gerundive
1893:participle: supine stem +
1816:
1739:(English: The chicken was
1341:Uses of English verb forms
355:, which is formed with an
280:
6477:
6439:
6401:
6373:
6248:
6195:
6117:
5907:
5842:
5833:
5746:
5025:Oxford English Dictionary
4638:(lit. adjective-verb) or
4197:
4088:
3883:Verb: слышать (to hear,
3784:– "doing", "one who does"
3744:
3665:wide array of participles
3637:
3626:
3611:
3608:
3603:
3592:
3589:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3539:
3501:
3473:
3445:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3403:
3386:
3383:
3377:
3366:
3363:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3318:
3285:
3257:
3224:
3196:
3168:
3140:
3112:
3084:
3056:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3014:
2784:
2681:
2626:
2523:
2401:To form compound tenses:
2332:meaning "to keep doing" (
2128:: formed by dropping the
2126:Present active participle
2116:
2090:(Dīxit eōs) locum facile
1769:? (English: Was the food
508:. Such languages include
391:present progressive tense
381:as often associated with
226:) and are widely used in
5985:Exceptional case-marking
5696:The adverbial participle
5694:Ernest De Witt Burton. "
5383:"Spanish Perfect Tenses"
5276:Ars Minor: de participio
5177:Crystal, David. (2008).
4955:Crystal, David. (2008).
4932:
4828:la knabo estos instruita
4555:Past (usually passive):
4528:Adjectival participles (
4408:Past passive participle:
4095:Arabic verbs: Participle
3707:
3393:while (already) sitting
3339:बैठती हुईं بیٹھتی ہوئیں
2418:Habrá escrito una carta.
2412:Había escrito una carta.
1812:
1668:past perfect continuous
1651:past perfect continuous
1634:past perfect continuous
1309:planes can be dangerous.
1092:. In the following, the
1073:over there is my uncle).
781:(southwest, southeast),
633:
566:
437:Greek history is a very
396:
306:
5463:10.1515/linpo-2016-0007
5221:Advanced Grammar in Use
5130:The Russian Participles
5008:A Greek–English Lexicon
4705:, had separate sets of
4634:Participles are called
4586:Adverbial participles (
4376:Past active participle:
4052:("walked" past tense),
3980:Past passive: направен
3946:Present active: правещ
3770:imiesłów przymiotnikowy
3768:Adjectival participle (
3387:बैठे-बैठे بیٹھے- بیٹھے
2887:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2344:("I saw him running").
1970:"broken" can change to
1750:(English: The deer was
1252:(e.g., "The files that
1037:reduced relative clause
773:(southwest, southeast,
692:Indo-European languages
473:) or a prefix (such as
445:In the first sentence,
5791:Initial-stress-derived
5501:Cite journal requires
5372:, 10th edition, § 776.
4849:is someone who ate. A
4711:adjectival participles
4689:Eskimo–Aleut languages
4425:mies = The man killed
3830:, here denoted by the
3803:Adverbial participle (
3690:Yma an den ow hwerthin
3563:बैठनेवालीं بیٹھنوالیں
3313:बैठते हुए بیٹھتے ہوئے
3278:बैठी हुईं بیٹھی ہوئیں
2456:. Like a verb, it has
2373:escrito, visto, puesto
2275:participio de presente
2061:he was going to return
1796:, where suffixes like
1731:cars can be dangerous)
1690:Scandinavian languages
1684:Scandinavian languages
877:(see below). The term
710:, past participles of
494:adjectival participles
404:attributive adjectives
270:
264:
142:
6302:Inclusive / Exclusive
4999:Liddell, Henry George
4725:Constructed languages
4707:adverbial participles
4703:Eskimo–Aleut language
4241:Finno-Ugric languages
3959:Past passive: правен
3805:imiesłów przysłówkowy
3307:बैठता हुआ بیٹھتا ہوا
3017:ASPECTUAL PARTICIPLES
2406:Ha escrito una carta.
2397:"the written letters"
2347:The past participle (
2316:means "to be doing" (
2289:"loving" or "lover",
2012:sword he came to the
1788:.) (Lit: un-drivable)
1662:She had been running
1645:She had been running
1256:or "Our comrades who
730:prefix, which became
722:, with or without an
712:Germanic strong verbs
498:adverbial participles
465:. An adverb (such as
427:him is Greek history.
291:The linguistic term,
5528:, pp. 115–146,
4837:is used, instead of
4466:English (adjective)
4452:Finnish (adjective)
4438:Negative participle:
4262:Finnish Participles
3557:बैठनेवाली بیٹھنوالی
3534:बैठनेवाले بیٹھنوالے
3333:बैठती हुई بیٹھتی ہی
2954:Indo-Aryan languages
2936:tòn eû stratēgḗsonta
2932:τὸν εὖ στρατηγήσοντα
2293:"living" or "live".
1267:6. As a gerund. The
430:Greek history is an
54:improve this article
6182:Relative subsective
6075:Regular / Irregular
5920:Andative / Venitive
5756:Abstract / Concrete
5450:Lingua Posnaniensis
5250:Quirk et al., 3.15.
5088:. 10 February 2019.
5074:. 11 November 2021.
4378:Used with the verb
4263:
4113:varieties of Arabic
4021:Lithuanian language
3885:imperfective aspect
3843:dangling participle
3528:बैठनेवाला بیٹھنولا
3252:बैठे हुए بیٹھےہوئے
3217:बैठ रहीं بیٹھ رہیں
2395:las cartas escritas
2232:Present participles
2035:"Balbus came to me
2028:Balbus ad mē vēnit
1934:verbs, for example
1887:"read (by someone)"
1861:) "(while) reading"
1786:impossible to drive
1513:present continuous
1359:
1293:present participles
1244:, we returned home.
714:were marked with a
683:with a rock. (Here
577:grammatical aspects
379:passive participles
158:nonfinite verb form
6591:Syntactic entities
5741:and their features
5739:Lexical categories
5615:Macedonian Grammar
5366:Maurice Grevisse,
5157:Új magyar nyelvtan
4974:A Latin Dictionary
4912:Hanging participle
4536:Present (active):
4261:
4152:dialects of Arabic
3614:baiṭhkē, baiṭhkar
3246:बैठा हुआ بیٹھاہوا
3085:sits, used to sit
2425:Hellenic languages
2144:) and then adding
2105:the place easily."
1954:"having set out",
1804:are used instead.
1357:
1345:present participle
879:present participle
821:present participle
697:Germanic languages
661:his dinner. (Here
581:present participle
573:grammatical tenses
537:lexical categories
387:active participles
353:present participle
301:present participle
132:In linguistics, a
18:Present participle
6578:
6577:
6383:Casally modulated
6288:Formal / Informal
6177:Pure intersective
6127:Anti-intersective
6113:
6112:
6060:Preterite-present
5535:978-3-11-061079-6
5232:Quirk et al., 3.9
5207:. Retrieved from
5116:. 4 January 2021.
5102:. 4 January 2021.
4793:
4792:
4717:were a marksman,
4530:melléknévi igenév
4515:
4514:
4444:
4443:
4419:Agent participle:
4318:
4317:
4298:
4297:
4084:Semitic languages
3915:perfective aspect
3648:
3647:
3643:
3632:
3622:
3621:
3397:
3396:
3272:बैठी हुई بیٹھیہی
3211:बैठ रही بیٹھ رہی
3191:बैठ रहे بیٹھ رہے
3185:बैठ रहा بیٹھ رہا
2971:(called together
2797:
2796:
2639:
2638:
2464:, is modified by
2353:participio pasivo
2349:participio pasado
2271:participio activo
2209:"having called",
1681:
1680:
1409:past participle (
1387:past participle (
1369:Lexical category
1132:having reconciled
1112:He shot the man,
954:having been doing
299:verbs. The term,
228:adverbial clauses
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
6598:
6157:Non-intersective
5840:
5839:
5732:
5725:
5718:
5709:
5708:
5651:
5645:
5639:
5636:
5630:
5627:
5621:
5612:
5606:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5517:
5511:
5510:
5504:
5499:
5497:
5489:
5477:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5441:
5435:
5434:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5379:
5373:
5364:
5358:
5351:
5345:
5338:
5332:
5325:
5319:
5312:
5306:
5303:
5297:
5294:
5288:
5285:
5279:
5272:
5266:
5257:
5251:
5248:
5242:
5239:
5233:
5230:
5224:
5217:
5211:
5201:
5195:
5188:
5182:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5152:
5146:
5139:
5133:
5127:
5118:
5117:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5082:
5076:
5075:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5040:
5034:
5021:
5015:
4995:
4994:
4988:
4982:
4966:
4960:
4953:
4947:
4942:
4897:Attributive verb
4833:When the suffix
4746:
4745:
4699:Sirenik language
4625:Turkic languages
4588:határozói igenév
4449:
4323:
4322:
4300:
4264:
4223:past progressive
4140:Classical Arabic
4068:(future tense),
4040:(future tense),
4010:Baltic languages
3828:perfective forms
3797:transitive verbs
3765:in two classes:
3740:Slavic languages
3671:Celtic languages
3641:
3630:
3599:to sit, sitting
3401:
3400:
3369:baiṭhtē-baiṭhtē
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
2943:
2942:
2934:
2933:
2789:
2788:
2778:
2777:
2762:
2761:
2751:
2750:
2740:
2739:
2724:
2723:
2713:
2712:
2702:
2701:
2686:
2685:
2675:
2674:
2648:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2620:
2619:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2592:
2582:
2581:
2566:
2565:
2555:
2554:
2544:
2543:
2528:
2527:
2517:
2516:
2490:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2385:pluscuamperfecto
2246:Past participles
2077:by the Thebans."
2005:Lucrētiam vēnit.
1565:present perfect
1548:present perfect
1530:present perfect
1360:
1356:
1273:eating ice cream
1205:The chicken was
1189:The chicken has
1090:adverbial phrase
1076:We are a people
958:having been done
904:form (ending in
522:Eskimo languages
514:Slavic languages
506:adjective phrase
283:
282:
273:
267:
154:
153:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
6606:
6605:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6595:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6574:
6473:
6435:
6397:
6369:
6297:Gender-specific
6244:
6191:
6109:
5995:Germanic strong
5903:
5829:
5742:
5736:
5704:, 1906, p. 169.
5685:
5659:
5654:
5646:
5642:
5637:
5633:
5628:
5624:
5619:Victor Friedman
5613:
5609:
5602:
5598:
5591:
5577:
5573:
5566:
5552:
5548:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5518:
5514:
5502:
5500:
5491:
5490:
5478:
5471:
5442:
5438:
5431:
5417:
5413:
5398:
5394:
5381:
5380:
5376:
5365:
5361:
5352:
5348:
5339:
5335:
5326:
5322:
5313:
5309:
5304:
5300:
5295:
5291:
5286:
5282:
5273:
5269:
5258:
5254:
5249:
5245:
5240:
5236:
5231:
5227:
5218:
5214:
5202:
5198:
5189:
5185:
5176:
5172:
5153:
5149:
5140:
5136:
5128:
5121:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5070:
5069:
5065:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5022:
5018:
5013:Perseus Project
4989:
4985:
4979:Perseus Project
4967:
4963:
4954:
4950:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4893:
4879:. For example,
4805:falinta botelo.
4795:For example, a
4738:
4732:
4727:
4696:
4691:
4632:
4627:
4520:
4509:lack of killing
4498:English (noun)
4493:tappamattomuus
4484:Finnish (noun)
4248:
4243:
4200:
4168:present perfect
4148:Qur'anic Arabic
4097:
4091:
4086:
4017:
4012:
3987:
3937:
3881:
3747:
3742:
3726:wedi cael ei/eu
3710:
3694:den ow hwerthin
3678:
3673:
3653:
3494:बैठनीं بیٹھنیں
3105:बैठतीं بیٹھتیں
2961:
2956:
2927:
2893:
2885:
2873:
2861:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2817:
2809:
2790:
2779:
2763:
2752:
2741:
2725:
2714:
2703:
2687:
2676:
2653:
2649:
2632:
2621:
2605:
2594:
2583:
2567:
2556:
2545:
2529:
2518:
2495:
2491:
2472:, including an
2468:, and can take
2438:
2432:
2427:
2342:lo vi corriendo
2330:seguir haciendo
2267:
2164:Past participle
2119:
2096:
2072:
2058:
2034:
2007:
1829:
1817:Main articles:
1815:
1810:
1735:Kyllingen vart
1686:
1496:present simple
1479:present simple
1462:present simple
1349:past participle
1329:verb form, see
1319:grounded planes
1107:Having reviewed
910:irregular verbs
886:past participle
810:
763:
704:
699:
694:
679:The window was
636:
599:They were just
585:past participle
569:
483:recently fallen
479:very frightened
455:interesting him
399:
316:past participle
309:
293:past participle
256:
151:
150:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6604:
6594:
6593:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6541:
6539:Procedure word
6536:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6524:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6497:Complementizer
6494:
6493:
6492:
6481:
6479:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6445:
6443:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6407:
6405:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6379:
6377:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6293:Gender-neutral
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6258:Bound variable
6254:
6252:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6201:
6199:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6123:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5915:Ambitransitive
5911:
5909:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5857:
5852:
5846:
5844:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5744:
5743:
5735:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5692:
5684:
5683:External links
5681:
5680:
5679:
5670:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5640:
5631:
5622:
5607:
5596:
5589:
5571:
5564:
5546:
5534:
5512:
5503:|journal=
5469:
5436:
5429:
5411:
5392:
5374:
5359:
5346:
5333:
5320:
5307:
5298:
5289:
5280:
5267:
5259:Noam Chomsky,
5252:
5243:
5234:
5225:
5212:
5196:
5183:
5170:
5147:
5134:
5119:
5105:
5091:
5077:
5063:
5049:
5035:
5016:
4983:
4961:
4948:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4917:Nonfinite verb
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4892:
4889:
4801:falanta botelo
4797:falonta botelo
4791:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4734:Main article:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4615:
4614:
4603:
4584:
4583:
4574:(to be read),
4564:
4553:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4481:
4480:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4442:
4441:
4435:
4431:
4430:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4365:Tapettava mies
4354:
4350:
4349:
4327:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4199:
4196:
4184:lexical aspect
4170:(for example,
4150:). In certain
4109:ʾism al-mafʿūl
4093:Main article:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4064:(past tense),
4036:(past tense),
4030:einąs/einantis
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:constructions)
3971:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3956:constructions)
3950:
3947:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3865:
3851:
3850:
3839:
3838:
3816:
3801:
3800:
3785:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3734:literary Welsh
3709:
3706:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3635:
3634:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:baiṭhnēvālīm̥
3561:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3499:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3389:baiṭhē-baiṭhē
3385:
3382:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:baiṭhtī huīm̥
3337:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3166:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3110:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3020:
2960:
2959:Hindi and Urdu
2957:
2955:
2952:
2945:eû stratēgḗsei
2941:εὖ στρατηγήσει
2886:
2874:
2862:
2850:
2842:
2834:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2783:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2756:
2745:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2718:
2707:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2680:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2637:
2636:
2625:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2598:
2587:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2560:
2549:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2522:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2470:verb arguments
2434:Main article:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2399:
2398:
2338:vino corriendo
2314:estar haciendo
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2243:
2225:
2224:
2214:
2196:
2195:
2161:
2118:
2115:
2107:
2106:
2079:
2078:
2064:
2041:
2040:
2018:
2017:
1944:deponent verbs
1921:
1920:
1910:
1888:
1862:
1836:Aelius Donatus
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1790:
1789:
1778:
1756:
1755:
1744:
1733:
1688:In all of the
1685:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:); adjectival
1407:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:); adjectival
1385:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1311:
1310:
1246:
1245:
1234:
1233:
1225:Adverbially:
1223:
1222:
1211:
1210:
1195:
1194:
1175:
1174:
1148:
1147:
1136:
1135:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1086:
1085:
1074:
1063:
1052:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
942:
941:
882:
845:, for example
813:Modern English
809:
808:Modern English
806:
767:Middle English
762:
761:Middle English
759:
736:Dorset dialect
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
688:
677:
666:
635:
632:
612:
611:
604:
568:
565:
561:transgressives
528:, which has a
443:
442:
435:
428:
398:
395:
375:
374:
350:
308:
305:
255:
252:
248:transgressives
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6603:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6586:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6554:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6476:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6454:Interrogative
6452:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6442:
6438:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6421:Interrogative
6419:
6417:
6416:Demonstrative
6414:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6400:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6372:
6366:
6365:Prepositional
6362:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6352:Strong / Weak
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6317:Interrogative
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6263:Demonstrative
6261:
6259:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6251:
6247:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6230:Prepositional
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6220:Interrogative
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6194:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6142:Demonstrative
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
6000:Germanic weak
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5990:Frequentative
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5930:Autocausative
5928:
5926:
5925:Anticausative
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5894:Transgressive
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5740:
5733:
5728:
5726:
5721:
5719:
5714:
5713:
5710:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5668:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5649:
5644:
5635:
5626:
5620:
5616:
5611:
5605:
5600:
5592:
5590:81-208-0508-9
5586:
5582:
5575:
5567:
5565:0-415-11392-X
5561:
5557:
5550:
5537:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5516:
5508:
5495:
5487:
5483:
5476:
5474:
5464:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5440:
5432:
5430:81-208-0475-9
5426:
5422:
5415:
5407:
5403:
5396:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5371:
5370:
5363:
5356:
5350:
5343:
5337:
5330:
5324:
5317:
5311:
5302:
5293:
5284:
5277:
5271:
5264:
5263:
5256:
5247:
5238:
5229:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5206:
5200:
5193:
5187:
5180:
5174:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5138:
5131:
5126:
5124:
5115:
5109:
5101:
5095:
5087:
5081:
5073:
5067:
5059:
5053:
5045:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5026:
5020:
5014:
5010:
5009:
5004:
5003:Scott, Robert
5000:
4996:
4987:
4980:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4958:
4952:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4820:
4818:
4817:dividita kuko
4814:
4813:dividata kuko
4810:
4809:dividota kuko
4806:
4802:
4798:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4737:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4701:, an extinct
4700:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4650:vowel harmony
4646:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4622:
4620:
4619:főnévi igenév
4612:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4526:
4524:
4511:(undoneness)
4510:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4479:(undoneness)
4478:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4193:
4192:passive voice
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4135:as "letter".
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4105:ʾism al-fāʿil
4102:
4096:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3657:Ancient Greek
3644:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3628:
3625:
3617:
3615:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3593:बैठने بیٹھنے
3587:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3537:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3491:
3488:बैठनी بیتھنی
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3471:
3468:बैठने بیٹھنے
3467:
3465:
3462:बैठना بیٹھنا
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3399:
3392:
3390:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3361:
3360:
3356:Imperfective
3354:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3280:baiṭhī huīm̥
3277:
3275:
3271:
3269:ɸ-(y)ī huīm̥
3268:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3255:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3220:
3219:baiṭh rahīm̥
3216:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3164:
3161:बैठीं بیٹھیں
3160:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3099:बैठती بیٹھتی
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3082:
3079:बैठते بیٹھتے
3078:
3076:
3073:बैठता بیٹھتا
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2937:
2926:
2924:
2919:
2917:
2916:stratēgḗsonta
2914:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2903:στρατηγήσοντα
2901:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2882:stratēgḗsonta
2879:
2878:
2877:στρατηγήσοντα
2872:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2832:
2829:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2793:
2782:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2757:
2755:
2746:
2744:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2719:
2717:
2708:
2706:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2679:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2624:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2599:
2597:
2588:
2586:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2561:
2559:
2550:
2548:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2521:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2442:Ancient Greek
2437:
2430:Ancient Greek
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2114:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2099:going to find
2095:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2076:
2075:He was killed
2071:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2059:"On that day
2057:
2055:
2054:ventūrus erat
2052:Eō diē Rōmam
2050:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1724:Sjølvkøyrande
1722:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:She had been
1627:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1617:past perfect
1616:
1614:
1611:She had been
1610:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1600:past perfect
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1262:passive voice
1259:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:passive voice
1192:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1154:verb tenses:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1084:for freedom).
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1051:by the wind).
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1026:interestingly
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
991:
987:
984:
980:
979:
978:
975:
972:
970:
966:
965:English verbs
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
898:
893:
892:
887:
883:
880:
876:
872:
868:
867:understanding
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:
834:
833:
828:
827:
822:
818:
817:
816:
814:
805:
803:
801:
796:
793:used to form
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
758:
756:
752:
748:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
702:Early English
686:
682:
678:
675:
671:
667:
664:
660:
656:
655:
654:
651:
649:
645:
641:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
609:
605:
602:
598:
597:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
440:
436:
433:
429:
426:
422:
421:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:
394:
392:
388:
384:
383:passive voice
380:
372:
371:understanding
368:
364:
361:suffix (e.g.
360:
359:
354:
351:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
321:
317:
314:
313:
312:
304:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
277:
272:
266:
261:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:passive voice
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
166:laughing face
163:
159:
155:
147:
146:
145:
139:
135:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
6553:Pro-sentence
6527:Onomatopoeia
6517:Interjection
6490:Measure word
6273:Distributive
6167:Postpositive
6147:Intersective
6100:Unaccusative
6045:Performative
6015:Intransitive
5975:Ditransitive
5883:
5801:Noun adjunct
5699:
5673:
5666:
5643:
5634:
5625:
5610:
5599:
5580:
5574:
5555:
5549:
5539:, retrieved
5525:
5515:
5494:cite journal
5485:
5453:
5449:
5439:
5420:
5414:
5401:
5395:
5386:
5377:
5369:Le Bon Usage
5367:
5362:
5354:
5349:
5341:
5336:
5328:
5323:
5315:
5310:
5305:Livy, 1.58.2
5301:
5292:
5283:
5275:
5270:
5260:
5255:
5246:
5237:
5228:
5220:
5215:
5204:
5199:
5191:
5186:
5178:
5173:
5156:
5150:
5137:
5108:
5094:
5080:
5066:
5052:
5038:
5030:
5023:
5019:
5006:
4986:
4972:
4964:
4956:
4951:
4940:
4885:leguta libro
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4832:
4827:
4823:
4821:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4794:
4778:
4762:
4739:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4697:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4658:
4647:
4644:
4642:in Turkish.
4639:
4635:
4633:
4618:
4616:
4610:
4606:
4599:
4595:
4587:
4585:
4582:(to be paid)
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4560:
4556:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4529:
4527:
4521:
4508:
4476:
4445:
4437:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4407:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4319:
4255:
4251:
4249:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4218:
4216:
4212:bênônî pā'ûl
4211:
4208:bênônî pô'ēl
4207:
4203:
4201:
4188:transitivity
4179:
4175:
4171:
4163:
4159:
4144:motion verbs
4137:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4018:
3988:
3965:
3941:
3938:
3930:
3912:
3882:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3840:
3834:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3804:
3802:
3792:
3788:
3781:
3777:
3769:
3767:
3762:
3758:
3750:
3748:
3730:modern Welsh
3725:
3717:
3713:
3711:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3654:
3640:
3638:
3629:
3627:
3613:
3609:ɸ-kē, ɸ-kar
3604:
3594:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3572:INDECLINABLE
3571:
3564:
3559:baiṭhnēvālī
3558:
3541:
3536:baiṭhnēvālē
3535:
3530:baiṭhnēvālā
3529:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3495:
3489:
3469:
3463:
3446:
3427:
3422:Translation
3417:
3413:Participles
3405:
3404:
3388:
3380:Progressive
3379:
3368:
3358:
3357:
3348:INDECLINABLE
3347:
3340:
3335:baiṭhtī huī
3334:
3315:baiṭhtē huē
3314:
3309:baiṭhtā huā
3308:
3292:
3291:
3288:Imperfective
3286:
3279:
3273:
3253:
3247:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3218:
3212:
3192:
3186:
3169:
3162:
3156:
3136:
3130:
3113:
3106:
3100:
3080:
3074:
3057:
3038:
3033:Translation
3028:
3024:Participles
3016:
3015:
3001:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2962:
2949:
2944:
2935:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2838:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2791:
2780:
2765:tethēsómenos
2764:
2753:
2742:
2726:
2715:
2704:
2688:
2677:
2650:
2633:
2622:
2607:luthēsómenos
2606:
2595:
2584:
2568:
2557:
2546:
2530:
2519:
2492:
2478:
2439:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2381:dicho, hecho
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2279:-ante, -ente
2278:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2216:
2213:"being dead"
2210:
2207:ayant appelé
2206:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2182:"been", and
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2108:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2089:
2082:
2080:
2074:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2053:
2051:
2044:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1950:sense, e.g.
1939:
1935:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1867:participle:
1864:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1830:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1728:self-driving
1727:
1723:
1715:Examples in
1714:
1687:
1663:
1646:
1629:
1612:
1594:
1577:
1576:He has been
1560:
1559:He has been
1542:
1525:
1508:
1491:
1474:
1457:
1440:
1422:
1411:postpositive
1400:
1378:
1353:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1300:Noam Chomsky
1297:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1257:
1254:are attached
1253:
1250:stative verb
1247:
1241:
1240:The chicken
1235:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1217:The chicken
1212:
1206:
1196:
1190:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1162:
1156:
1152:periphrastic
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1106:
1100:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
976:
973:
962:
957:
953:
949:
945:
943:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
905:
895:
889:
885:
878:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
836:
830:
824:
820:
811:
799:
795:verbal nouns
790:
786:
782:
778:
770:
764:
754:
750:
746:
744:
739:
731:
727:
719:
715:
705:
684:
680:
673:
669:
668:The bus has
662:
658:
652:
637:
628:have cleaned
627:
623:
619:
615:
613:
607:
600:
593:-ed/-en form
592:
588:
584:
580:
570:
556:
552:
534:
497:
493:
491:
487:uninterested
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
444:
438:
431:
424:
423:The subject
416:
412:
402:
400:
386:
378:
376:
370:
366:
362:
356:
352:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
319:
315:
310:
300:
292:
290:
285:
259:
257:
218:verb forms (
216:periphrastic
209:
170:
165:
161:
149:
141:
133:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
69:"Participle"
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
6502:Conjunction
6268:Disjunctive
6205:Conjunctive
6152:Nominalized
6055:Predicative
5899:Verbal noun
5850:Attributive
5663:Participles
5456:: 105–120.
5406:§ 2039
4969:participium
4594:Imperfect:
4544:(reading),
4504:killability
4501:killingness
4490:tapettavuus
4461:tappamaton
4434:tappamaton
4314:tappamaton
4258:(to kill).
4252:partisiippi
4231:hayíti ovéd
4101:Arabic verb
3872:chowających
3704:"to clot".
3698:dehen molys
3605:Conjunctive
3554:ɸ-nēvālīm̥
3504:Prospective
3378:Perfective
3359:Progressive
3330:ɸ-tī huīm̥
3274:baiṭhī huī
3266:ɸ-(y)ī huī
3254:baiṭhē huē
3248:baiṭhā huā
3243:ɸ-(y)ē huē
3240:ɸ-(y)ā huā
3213:baiṭh rahī
3208:ɸ + rahīm̥
3193:baiṭh rahē
3187:baiṭh rahā
3171:Progressive
3155:बैठी بیٹھی
3135:बैठे بیٹھے
3129:बैठा بیٹھا
3000:"to come",
2996:"to stay",
2792:tetheiménos
2760:τεθησόμενος
2602:λυθησόμενος
2496:"I release"
2221:étant vendu
2152:"walking",
2070:ā Thēbānīs.
2068:Occīsus est
1746:Dyret vart
1664:unwillingly
1389:prepositive
1366:Tense name
1264:construct.
1258:have fallen
1159:progressive
1062:a red hat).
990:interesting
946:having done
871:verbal noun
838:progressive
802:(etymology)
708:Old English
657:I saw John
620:be standing
520:, and many
459:interesting
447:interesting
439:interesting
432:interesting
425:interesting
265:participium
195:, but also
144:participium
6570:Yes and no
6485:Classifier
6469:Possessive
6431:Quantifier
6426:Possessive
6403:Determiner
6375:Adposition
6347:Resumptive
6332:Reciprocal
6327:Possessive
6307:Indefinite
6235:Pronominal
6187:Subsective
6162:Possessive
6132:Collateral
6105:Unergative
6095:Transitive
6010:Inchoative
6005:Impersonal
5945:Catenative
5884:Participle
5879:Infinitive
5811:Relational
5781:Collective
5761:Adjectival
5678:. Longman.
5657:References
5541:2020-07-03
5488:: 359–386.
5329:pro Milone
5316:ad Atticum
4636:sıfat-fiil
4609:(go in) –
4598:(hurry) –
4590:) can be:
4559:(close) –
4477:not killed
4353:tapettava
4283:tapettava
4172:ʼAnā ʼākil
4015:Lithuanian
3985:Macedonian
3655:Much like
3585:Infinitive
3496:baiṭhnīm̥
3448:Infinitive
3428:DECLINABLE
3364:ɸ-tē-ɸ-tē
3293:Adjectival
3232:Adjectival
3227:Perfective
3115:Perfective
3107:baiṭhtīm̥
3039:DECLINABLE
2977:Hindustani
2973:Hindustani
2787:τεθειμένος
2754:thēsómenos
2689:tithémenos
2361:-ido (-ado
2320:being the
2211:étant mort
2178:"walked",
2174:"placed",
2103:would find
2092:inventūrōs
2016:Lucretia."
2003:dormientem
2001:gladiō ad
1964:accusative
1938:"broken",
1932:transitive
1765:Var maten
1425:president
1120:Maintained
950:being done
930:understood
912:, such as
902:past tense
724:epenthetic
610:the house.
549:gerundives
524:, such as
512:and other
485:leaves", "
481:rabbit", "
260:participle
244:gerundives
220:continuous
197:conjugated
162:participle
136:(from
134:participle
80:newspapers
6560:Prop-word
6522:Ideophone
6449:Discourse
6388:Inflected
6337:Reflexive
6312:Intensive
6119:Adjective
6090:Stretched
6080:Separable
6070:Reflexive
5965:Denominal
5960:Defective
5940:Captative
5935:Auxiliary
5874:Gerundive
5864:Nonfinite
5786:Countable
5665:from the
5638:Ergin 310
5629:Ergin 309
5274:Donatus,
5165:1218-9855
4881:parolunto
4741:Esperanto
4730:Esperanto
4677:-di(k/ği)
4605:Perfect:
4580:fizetendő
4572:olvasandó
4570:(read) –
4548:(live) –
4540:(read) –
4523:Hungarian
4518:Hungarian
4487:tappavuus
4458:tapettava
4415:tappama-
4372:tappanut
4311:Negative
4306:tappama-
4291:tappanut
3935:Bulgarian
3904:Adverbial
3824:zrobiwszy
3763:imiesłowy
3759:imiesłowy
3551:ɸ-nēvālī
3525:ɸ-nēvālē
3522:ɸ-nēvālā
3438:Singular
3432:Singular
3327:ɸ-tī huī
3304:ɸ-tē huē
3301:ɸ-tā huā
3205:ɸ + rahī
3182:ɸ + rahē
3179:ɸ + rahā
3163:baiṭhīm̥
3152:ɸ-(y)īm̥
3049:Singular
3043:Singular
2839:epistḗmēi
2749:θησόμενος
2684:τιθέμενος
2634:leluménos
2629:λελυμένος
2596:lūsómenos
2591:λῡσόμενος
2558:lūsámenos
2553:λῡσάμενος
2160:"having".
2156:"being",
2063:to Rome."
1952:profectus
1913:gerundive
1782:ukøyrande
1702:Icelandic
1578:finishing
1545:finished
1473:You look
1456:You look
1441:remaining
1439:The time
1130:He and I
1101:Reviewing
1088:3. In an
1082:clamoring
1078:clamoring
1043:A window
1030:excitedly
832:imperfect
785:(north),
589:-ing form
557:gerundive
518:Hungarian
502:adverbial
489:people".
297:preterite
271:particeps
258:The word
254:Etymology
181:inflected
110:July 2020
6585:Category
6549:Pro-verb
6544:Pro-form
6441:Particle
6393:Stranded
6342:Relative
6322:Personal
6240:Relative
6225:Locative
6215:Genitive
6040:Negative
5970:Deponent
5950:Compound
5355:Hannibal
5342:Lysander
5327:Cicero,
5314:Cicero,
5205:Lingolia
4891:See also
4851:manĝonto
4847:manĝinto
4843:manĝanto
4754:Present
4611:bemenvén
4578:(pay) –
4563:(closed)
4552:(living)
4472:killable
4404:tapettu
4326:tappava
4294:tapettu
4277:Present
4272:Passive
4186:and its
3862:chowając
3751:imiesłów
3722:mutation
3661:Sanskrit
3651:Sanskrit
3595:baiṭhnē
3513:Agentive
3490:baiṭhnī
3470:baiṭhnē
3464:baiṭhnā
3416:Example
3384:ɸ-ē-ɸ-ē
3258:sitting
3101:baiṭhtī
3081:baithtē
3075:baiṭhtā
3059:Habitual
3027:Example
3004:"to go".
2836:ἐπιστήμῃ
2781:tethēkṓs
2771:perfect
2716:thémenos
2668:present
2663:passive
2613:perfect
2531:lūómenos
2526:λῡόμενος
2510:present
2505:passive
2322:gerundio
2318:haciendo
2298:gerundio
2291:viviente
2170:"sold",
2150:marchant
2014:sleeping
1956:hortātus
1917:legendus
1907:lēctūrus
1859:legentēs
1857:(plural
1853:); e.g.
1775:any good
1677:Passive
1672:suffixed
1657:Passive
1623:Passive
1606:Passive
1593:She had
1571:Passive
1561:finished
1554:Passive
1526:finished
1507:You are
1502:Passive
1490:You are
1475:charming
1468:Passive
1416:Passive
1394:Passive
1363:Example
1285:Sleeping
1281:sleeping
1277:swimming
1171:sleeping
1169:Jim was
1144:speaking
1142:Broadly
1071:standing
1067:standing
1065:The man
1054:A woman
1004:attached
997:exciting
863:breaking
775:Midlands
672:. (Here
601:standing
541:converbs
471:recently
441:subject.
434:subject.
417:slightly
363:breaking
284: :
238:below),
232:converbs
173:Sanskrit
6534:Preverb
6411:Article
6357:Subject
6250:Pronoun
6085:Stative
6050:Phrasal
6025:Lexical
5980:Dynamic
5955:Copular
5855:Converb
5771:Animacy
5698:", in
5669:(1996).
5400:Smyth.
5387:Enforex
5353:Nepos,
5340:Nepos,
5318:9.2a.3.
5011:at the
4927:Converb
4907:Grammar
4863:manĝoto
4859:manĝato
4855:manĝito
4779:Passive
4757:Future
4694:Sirenik
4630:Turkish
4469:killing
4455:tappava
4280:tappava
4269:Active
4246:Finnish
4078:eitinas
4074:eidamas
4070:eidavus
4066:eisiant
4054:eisimas
4046:einamas
4042:eidavęs
3879:Russian
3793:robiony
3782:robiący
3676:Cornish
3581:Oblique
3485:ɸ-nīm̥
3474:to sit
3441:Plural
3435:Plural
3157:baiṭhī
3149:ɸ-(y)ī
3137:baiṭhē
3131:baiṭhā
3126:ɸ-(y)ē
3123:ɸ-(y)ā
3096:ɸ-tīm̥
3052:Plural
3046:Plural
2776:τεθηκώς
2733:future
2727:tetheís
2711:θέμενος
2695:aorist
2678:titheís
2654:"I put"
2651:títhēmi
2623:lelukṓs
2618:λελυκώς
2575:future
2569:lutheís
2537:aorist
2466:adverbs
2265:Spanish
2227:Usage:
2132:of the
2094:(esse).
2037:running
2030:currēns
1999:Strīctō
1991:strīctō
1976:frāctum
1968:frāctus
1936:frāctus
1928:passive
1905:; e.g.
1883:; e.g.
1871:stem +
1865:perfect
1843:present
1717:Nynorsk
1706:Faroese
1698:Swedish
1694:Nynorsk
1640:Active
1630:running
1588:Active
1541:He has
1536:Active
1524:He has
1519:Active
1485:Active
1451:Active
1434:Active
1289:gerunds
1179:perfect
1114:killing
1094:subject
1060:wearing
1056:wearing
922:written
897:perfect
891:passive
859:running
855:working
648:passive
608:cleaned
545:gerunds
526:Sirenik
510:Russian
463:subject
409:objects
385:versus
335:tutored
286:metochē
268:, from
240:gerunds
236:Sirenik
224:perfect
156:) is a
94:scholar
6512:Coverb
6507:Copula
6361:Object
6278:Donkey
6197:Adverb
6172:Proper
6137:Common
6020:Labile
5889:Supine
5869:Gerund
5860:Finite
5825:Verbal
5816:Strong
5806:Proper
5587:
5562:
5532:
5427:
5163:
4993:μετοχή
4902:Gerund
4773:-onta
4770:-anta
4767:-inta
4763:Active
4654:sandhi
4607:bemegy
4600:sietve
4542:olvasó
4427:by him
4303:Agent
4256:tappaa
4227:avádti
4204:bênônî
4198:Hebrew
4164:ʼakala
4156:Levant
4133:maktūb
4125:maktūb
4117:kataba
4089:Arabic
4058:einant
4038:eisiąs
3975:verbal
3954:verbal
3832:prefix
3745:Polish
3663:has a
3508:&
2918:ékhein
2891:ékhein
2823:phúsei
2743:thḗsōn
2722:τεθείς
2673:τιθείς
2660:middle
2657:active
2646:τίθημι
2585:lū́sōn
2580:λῡ́σων
2564:λυθείς
2547:lū́sās
2542:λῡ́σᾱς
2502:middle
2499:active
2474:object
2454:number
2452:, and
2446:gender
2379:(e.g.
2375:), or
2371:(e.g.
2334:seguir
2306:-iendo
2287:amante
2283:-iente
2250:cassée
2236:volant
2176:marché
2117:French
2008:"With
1984:frāctō
1980:frāctī
1972:frācta
1948:active
1940:missus
1891:future
1885:lēctus
1869:supine
1855:legēns
1849:(gen.
1825:, and
1794:Bokmål
1771:edible
1767:etande
1710:supine
1647:ragged
1509:losing
1423:acting
1403:daily
1399:Bread
1381:bread
1372:Voice
1334:: uses
1323:flying
1315:flying
1307:Flying
1269:gerund
1049:broken
1045:broken
1018:fallen
1011:fallen
983:broken
940:, etc.
926:broken
875:gerund
851:seeing
826:active
797:. See
751:-iende
685:broken
681:broken
663:eating
659:eating
644:active
603:there.
553:gerund
367:making
349:); and
343:spoken
339:broken
327:looked
325:(e.g.
323:suffix
281:μετοχή
276:calque
189:number
185:gender
177:Arabic
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
6478:Other
6459:Modal
6283:Dummy
6035:Modal
6030:Light
5908:Types
5843:Forms
5766:Agent
5357:12.3.
4933:Notes
4873:-unt-
4789:-ota
4786:-ata
4783:-ita
4751:Past
4680:-ecek
4640:ortaç
4576:fizet
4568:olvas
4538:olvas
4423:mansa
4338:which
4288:Past
4180:rāyiḥ
4160:ʼĀkil
4129:kātib
4121:kātib
4050:eitas
3708:Welsh
3590:ɸ-nē
3482:ɸ-nī
3459:ɸ-nē
3456:ɸ-nā
3093:ɸ-tī
3070:ɸ-tē
3067:ɸ-tā
2992:rêhna
2965:Hindi
2905:ἔχειν
2888:ἔχειν
2820:φύσει
2807:pollà
2804:πολλὰ
2738:θήσων
2705:theís
2520:lū́ōn
2515:λῡ́ων
2462:voice
2458:tense
2326:hacer
2310:estar
2302:-ando
2192:avoir
2168:vendu
2158:ayant
2154:étant
2142:avoir
2010:drawn
1903:-ūrum
1895:-ūrus
1851:-ntis
1832:Latin
1813:Latin
1798:-elig
1752:eaten
1741:eaten
1401:baked
1379:baked
1242:eaten
1230:Eaten
1219:eaten
1207:eaten
1191:eaten
847:doing
835:, or
787:-inge
779:-inde
771:-ende
747:-ende
640:voice
634:Voice
567:Tense
547:, or
397:Types
347:eaten
331:ended
307:Forms
234:(see
205:voice
201:tense
140:
138:Latin
101:JSTOR
87:books
6464:Noun
6210:Flat
6065:Pure
5835:Verb
5820:Weak
5796:Mass
5776:Bare
5748:Noun
5585:ISBN
5560:ISBN
5530:ISBN
5507:help
5425:ISBN
5344:3.4.
5161:ISSN
5031:s.v.
4877:-ut-
4875:and
4824:esti
4709:and
4684:-miş
4682:and
4669:-mez
4665:-esi
4652:and
4596:siet
4561:zárt
4396:olin
4392:olen
4384:have
4380:olla
4346:that
4342:that
4219:hayá
4176:rāḥa
4099:The
4062:ėjus
4034:ėjęs
4026:eiti
3718:wedi
3702:mola
3686:owth
3141:sat
3002:jānā
2986:honā
2969:Urdu
2967:and
2921:"he
2700:θείς
2493:lū́ō
2488:λῡ́ω
2460:and
2450:case
2440:The
2377:-cho
2365:-ido
2357:-ado
2188:être
2184:fait
2140:and
2138:être
2134:nous
2130:-ons
2083:esse
2045:esse
1899:-ūra
1802:-bar
1737:eten
1704:and
1696:and
1597:run
1595:been
1543:been
1492:lost
1458:lost
1445:n/a
1428:n/a
1421:The
1406:n/a
1384:n/a
1377:The
1347:and
1332:-ing
1327:-ing
1291:and
1183:have
1028:and
1016:Our
1002:The
967:and
938:gone
918:sung
914:done
884:The
873:and
843:-ing
819:The
800:-ing
791:-ing
783:-and
755:-ian
749:(or
674:gone
670:gone
624:will
616:were
591:and
583:and
496:and
467:very
413:very
358:-ing
222:and
203:and
199:for
193:case
191:and
183:for
175:and
152:PTCP
73:news
5458:doi
5331:28.
4977:on
4673:-ar
4661:-en
4621:).
4557:zár
4550:élő
4388:had
4340:or
4334:who
4138:In
3822:):
3807:):
3791:):
3780:):
3772:):
3755:pl.
2998:ānā
2910:tòn
2897:τὸν
2858:tòn
2853:τὸν
2847:deî
2844:δεῖ
2831:kaì
2828:καὶ
2815:kaì
2812:καὶ
2369:-to
2359:or
2351:or
2324:of
2304:or
2281:or
2273:or
2258:tué
2254:dit
2180:été
2172:mis
2146:ant
1881:-um
1873:-us
1847:-ns
1800:or
1748:ete
1613:run
1321:),
1201::
995:An
988:An
934:put
906:-ed
894:or
777:),
765:In
757:).
742:).
728:ge-
716:ge-
706:In
646:or
630:).
575:or
555:or
475:un-
469:or
451:him
415:or
320:-ed
168:".
56:by
6587::
6551:/
6363:/
6359:/
6295:/
5862:/
5818:/
5617:,
5524:,
5498::
5496:}}
5492:{{
5486:70
5484:.
5472:^
5454:58
5452:.
5448:.
5404:.
5385:.
5122:^
5028:,
5005:;
5001:;
4997:.
4839:-a
4835:-o
4819:.
4675:,
4671:,
4667:,
4663:,
4656:.
4546:él
4363:.
4336:,
3917:)
3887:)
3870:–
3860:–
3835:z-
3757::
3736:.
3714:yn
3682:ow
3667:.
3659:,
3548:♀
3519:♂
3479:♀
3453:♂
3324:♀
3298:♂
3263:♀
3237:♂
3202:♀
3176:♂
3146:♀
3120:♂
3090:♀
3064:♂
2979:,
2913:eû
2900:εὖ
2870:eû
2865:εὖ
2448:,
2240:en
2219::
2205::
2148::
2113:.
2039:."
1982:,
1978:,
1974:,
1901:,
1897:,
1879:,
1877:-a
1875:,
1821:,
1777:?)
1719::
1351:.
1336:.
1185::
1165::
1163:be
1039::
1032:.
1009:A
981:A
971:.
960:.
956:,
952:,
948:,
936:,
932:,
928:,
924:,
920:,
916:,
865:,
861:,
857:,
853:,
849:,
829:,
804:.
740:a-
732:y-
720:-d
642::
563:.
543:,
516:,
373:).
369:,
365:,
345:,
341:,
333:,
329:,
246:,
242:,
187:,
5731:e
5724:t
5717:v
5593:.
5568:.
5509:)
5505:(
5466:.
5460::
5433:.
5408:.
5389:.
5278:.
5167:.
5060:.
5046:.
4981:.
4719:I
4715:I
4394:/
4386:/
3837:)
3799:)
3753:(
3684:(
2981:ɸ
2073:"
2056:.
2033:.
1754:)
1743:)
1209:.
1193:.
1173:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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