Potsdamer Platz - Knowledge

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would have been totally eradicated. New U-Bahn and S-Bahn lines were planned to run directly beneath almost the whole length of the axis, and the city's entire underground network reoriented to gravitate towards this new hub (at least one tunnel section, around 220 metres in length, was actually constructed and still exists today, buried some 20 metres beneath the Tiergarten, despite having never seen a train). This was in addition to the S-Bahn North-South Link beneath Potsdamer Platz itself, which went forward to completion, opening in stages in 1939. In the event, a substantial amount of demolition did take place in Potsdamer Straße, between the platz itself and the Landwehrkanal, and this became the location of the one Germania building that actually went forward to a state of virtual completion: architect

1303: 755: 926: 1597: 2002: 1942: 1354:, a German architect. The traffic lights were delivered by Siemens & Halske and mounted on top of the tower cabin. A solitary policeman sat in a small cabin at the top of the tower and switched the lights around manually, until they were automated in 1926. Yet some officers still remained on the ground in case people did not pay any attention to the lights. The tower remained until October 1937, when it was removed to allow for excavations for the new S-Bahn underground line. On 26 September 1997, a replica of the tower was erected, just for show, close to its original location by Siemens, to celebrate the company's 150th anniversary. The replica was moved again on 29 September 2000, to the place where it stands today. 1863: 2315: 877: 590: 2854: 916:, 10,000 lamps, five kilometers of pneumatic tubing for moving items from the various departments to the packing area, and a separate entrance directly from the nearby U-Bahn station. It also contained a summer garden, winter garden and roof garden, an enormous restaurant and several smaller eating areas, its own laundry, a theater and concert booking office, its own bank, whose strongrooms were underground at the eastern end of the building, and a large fleet of private delivery vehicles. In the run-up to Christmas Wertheim was transformed into a fairytale kingdom, and was well known to children from all over Germany and far beyond. 2299: 1069:(1872–1963), erected in 1906–1907, also on the site of an earlier building. With its 200-metre-long main facade along Stresemannstrasse, the Fürstenhof was less opulent than some of the other hotels mentioned, despite its size, but was still popular with business people. The new U-Bahn station was being built at the same time as the hotel and actually ran through the hotel's basement, cutting it in half, thus making the construction of both into something of a technical challenge, but unlike the Wertheim department store (and contrary to several sources), the hotel did not enjoy a separate entrance directly from the station. 2307: 516:

trading post, along the newly developing boulevards, and around the southern edge of the Tiergarten. The development was piecemeal, but in 1828 this area just to the west of Potsdamer Platz, sandwiched between the Tiergarten and the north bank of the future Landwehrkanal, received royal approval for a more purposeful metamorphosis into a residential colony of the affluent, gradually filling with palatial houses and villas. These became the homes of civil servants, officers, bankers, artists and politicians among others, and earned the area the nickname "Millionaires' Quarter" although its official designation was

489: 2732: 2014: 1374:(1885–1957), to foresee the entire centre being made over totally as often as every 25 years. These factors combined to produce some far more radical and futuristic plans for Potsdamer Platz in the late 1920s and early 1930s, especially around 1928–9, when the creative fervour was at its peak. On the cards was an almost total redevelopment of the area. One design submitted by Wagner himself comprised an array of gleaming new buildings arranged around a vast multi-level system of fly-overs and underpasses, with a huge glass-roofed circular car-park in the middle. Unfortunately the worldwide 1966: 1358: 2026: 771: 1798: 1954: 598: 223: 140: 256: 2774: 2823: 682: 1694:). For the second time in its history, the Potsdam Gate (or what remained of it), was like a dividing line between two different worlds. Lying on this invisible frontier, Potsdamer Platz was no longer an important destination for Berliners. Similarly, neither East Berlin nor West Berlin regarded their half as a priority area for redevelopment, seeking instead to distance themselves from the traditional heart of the city and develop two new centres for themselves, well away from the troubled border zone. West Berlin inevitably chose the 1001:, made with turnips grown locally in the small town of Teltow just outside Berlin), plus a Turkish café and Japanese tearoom; additionally there was a large ballroom. Up to eight orchestras and dance bands regularly performed in different parts of the building, plus a host of singers, dancers and other entertainers. It should be pointed out here though that not all of these attractions existed simultaneously, owing to changes in those countries that Germany was or was not allied to, in the volatile years leading up to and during 2291: 747: 561:

begun to offer coffee, bread, cakes and confectionery from their homes or from roadside stalls to travelers passing through, thus beginning the tradition of providing food and drink around the future Potsdamer Platz. Larger and more purpose-built establishments began to take their place, and they in turn were superseded by bigger and grander ones. The former district of quiet villas was by now anything but quiet: Potsdamer Platz had taken on an existence all its own whose sheer pace of life rivalled anything within the city.

1978: 215: 2786: 2120: 2802: 2762: 1806: 2038: 2720: 4155: 469:, but this was never built either, due to lack of funds. However, Schinkel did get to rebuild the gate in 1823–1824, replacing what was little more than a gap in the customs wall with a much grander affair consisting of two matching Doric-style stone gate-houses, like little temples, facing each other across Leipziger Strasse. The one on the north side served as the customs house and excise collection point, while its southern counterpart was a military guardhouse, set up to prevent desertions of 1629:(The Free Berlin Press Announces). Important messages were spelt out on the display board using up to 2,000 bulbs. The sign was switched on for the first time on 10 October 1950, watched by a large crowd. On 18 November, the Communist authorities in the east ordered its destruction using a catapult made from a compressed air hose loaded with pebbles and small pieces of metal. However, the order was not executed and the sign lasted until 1974, an eventual victim of its own high maintenance costs. 2323: 1534: 504: 1649:

sign was carefully placed so that, when viewed from further away down Leipziger Strasse, its display board obscured the West Berlin sign standing beyond it. Over the next two years, West Berlin would regularly raise or lower its sign to make it more easily visible from the East again – and then East Berlin would raise or lower its own construction to obscure it once more. Furthermore, the East German Government also exploited the huge facade of the nearby

1874:. For the benefit of the former, the row of post-war single-storey shops in Potsdamer Straße now sold a wide variety of souvenir goods, many of which were purchased by coach-loads of curious visitors brought specially to this sad location. An observation platform had been erected, primarily for military personnel and police but used increasingly by members of the public, so that they could gaze over the Wall at the wilderness beyond. Meanwhile, among the many 1814: 1526: 2259:. In particular, due to its location straddling the erstwhile border between east and west, it was widely perceived as a "linking element," reconnecting the two-halves of the city in a way that was symbolic as well as physical, helping to heal the historical wounds by providing an exciting new mecca attracting Berliners from both sides of the former divide. Whether fairly or unfairly, a great deal was riding on the project, and expectations were high. 2747: 231: 2059: 1737: 2231:, which takes place in the last weekend of September, was first held in 1974 but due to the division of the city was confined to West Berlin up till and including 1989. Beginning in 1990 the course was re-routed into part of East Berlin, and in 2001 a further adjustment meant that the course has since run through Potsdamer Platz. Typically the leaders will pass through the platz about ten minutes before they cross the finish line. 3790: 1625:, the opposing camps later began berating one another with enormous signs displaying loud political slogans, facing each other across the border zone. That on the western side was erected first, in direct response to the ban on sales of Western newspapers in East Berlin, and comprised an illuminated display board 30 m wide and 1.5 m deep, facing east, supported on three steel lattice towers 25 m high and topped by the words 1410:

of Potsdamer Platz occurred prior to World War II, and so Columbushaus would always seem out of place in that location. Nevertheless, its exact position showed that the platz was starting to be opened out: the former hotel had mostly stood on a large flagged area laid out in front of it, indicating that the new building curved away from the existing street line; this would have enabled future street widening to take place.

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research. Whatever the casualty figures, for the second time in eight years, the "busiest and most famous square in Europe" had been transformed into a bloody battleground. Columbushaus, with its H.O. store on the ground floor and military police station above, had been a prime target in the insurrection and been burnt out yet again, along with the Haus Vaterland and other premises. This time, they were not rehabilitated.

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thriving focal point right at the very heart of Berlin. Detractors however, may draw attention to the floors above and point out the high percentage of office and residential space that allegedly still stands empty more than a decade after its completion. Although examples of "over-provision" like this can be found all over Berlin, it is Potsdamer Platz that, rightly or wrongly, has been used to highlight the problem.

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S-Bahn (north–south tunnel) and the U2 underground line currently stop at Potsdamer Platz regional train station. Via numerous bus lines, the course can also be reached. In the medium term, a tram connection through the Leipziger Strasse is planned, which can be supplemented or even replaced by the long-planned U3 underground line. In the north–south direction, another S-Bahn line (planning name:

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1948), in white lines in luminous paint appearing across roads and even through ruined buildings to try to deter the Soviets from making unauthorised incursions into the American and British zones. These measures were only partially successful: after further skirmishes in which shots were fired, barbed wire entanglements were stretched across some roads, a foretaste of things to come.

1405:(1887–1953), erected vast advertising boards around the perimeter of the site, and the revenue generated by these enabled him to proceed with the development anyway. Columbushaus was a ten-storey ultra-modern office building, years ahead of its time, containing Germany's first artificial ventilation system, and whose elegance and clean lines won it much praise. However, despite a 1225:(1858–1916) and opened on 6 February 1907. Intended to be a concert venue until concerns were raised about increased traffic problems in the already congested streets, it was ruled that it should serve a gastronomic purpose only. Altogether it could accommodate 4,000 guests at a time, 1,100 of these in its main hall alone. Many of the total of 14 banquet and beer halls had a 2216:, was opened immediately north of the Landwehrkanal on 1 October 1998. A new U-Bahn station has also been built at Potsdamer Platz itself, although a decision is still pending on whether to proceed with completion of the line passing through it; in the meantime the station area serves as an impromptu art gallery and exhibition space. A new underground main-line station or 1477:(Round Platz), a huge circular public space at the point where the North-South Axis and Potsdamer Straße intersected. Additionally, the southern edge of the Tiergarten was to be redefined, with a new road planned to slice through the built-up area immediately to the north of Columbushaus (although Columbushaus itself would remain unscathed); this road would line up with 2255:. The area was widely seen as one of the hottest, most exciting building sites in Europe, and the subject of much debate amongst architects and planners. If Berlin needed to re-establish itself on the world stage, then Potsdamer Platz was one of the key areas where the city had an opportunity to express itself. More than just a building site, Potsdamer Platz was a 1281:(1882–1940), and then erected two transmitting antennae. Despite several upgrades between December 1923 and July 1924, the nearby Hotel Esplanade's formidable bulk prevented the transmitter from functioning effectively and so in December 1924 it was superseded by a better sited new one, but Vox-Haus lived on as the home of Germany's first radio station, 2653:, is a large complex with facades in three streets (Leipziger Strasse, Wilhelmstrasse and Vossstrasse) as well as Leipziger Platz itself, and when completed will contain 270 stores, 270 apartments, a hotel, a fitness centre and offices. However, this development brought about the demise (after several stays of execution), of the legendary 949:, it was erected in 1911–12 as the Haus Potsdam. 93 m in length and with a dome rising 35 m above the pavement at the north (Stresemannstrasse) end, it contained the world's largest restaurant – the 2,500-seat Café Piccadilly, plus a 1,200-seat theatre and numerous offices. These included (from 1917 to 1927), the headquarters of 2861:, the site of the former Potsdamer Bahnhof and its approaches. The Park Kolonnaden development is on its left (eastern) side, while the Daimler development parallels it down the right (west) side. In the left foreground is Leipziger Platz, while in the right foreground are parts of the Sony and Beisheim Centers. 2641:(Arcades), this did not form part of the plans until the Berlin Senate belatedly insisted that a shopping mall be included. Despite its undoubted success, this in turn led to what many saw as an "Americanisation" of the area, with even its private security force being kitted out in something resembling 2910:

The other major sticking point, which is reportedly causing concern at government level, is that the majority of people going to Potsdamer Platz are visitors to the city, implying that the original vision of the development as a linking element attracting Berliners themselves, and Berliners from both

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After 1990, the square became the focus of attention again, as a large (some 60 hectares), attractive location which had suddenly become available in the centre of a major European city. A lot of more than 720,000 sq ft (67,000 m) at Potsdamer Platz had been acquired by Daimler-Benz in

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were shot there). Apart from these, no other buildings remained. Below ground, the U-Bahn section through Potsdamer Platz had closed entirely; although the S-Bahn line itself remained open, it suffered from a quirk of geography in that it briefly passed through East German territory en route from one

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on 13 August 1961, along the intracity frontier, Potsdamer Platz now found itself physically divided in two. What had once been a busy intersection had become totally desolate. With the clearance of most of the remaining bomb-damaged buildings on both sides (on the eastern side, this was done chiefly

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store on its ground floor, a major travel company housed on the floor above, and a restaurant offering fine views over the city from the top floor, the economic situation of the time meant that it would not be followed by more buildings in that vein: no further redevelopment in the immediate vicinity

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space above, so it had to take a lot of weight. It was thus given a strong steel skeleton, which would stand the building in very good stead some three decades after its completion. Famous for its fine claret, numerous members of European society were made welcome there as guests. A total of 15 chefs

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on 18 January 1871. Potsdamer Platz and neighbouring Leipziger Platz came into their own afterward. Now firmly in the centre of a metropolis whose population eventually reached 4.4 million, making it the third largest city in the world after London and New York, the area was ready to take on its

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and beyond). Since the city authorities would not allow the new line to breach the customs wall, still standing at the time, it had to stop just short, at Potsdamer Platz, but it was this that kick-started the real transformation of the area, into the bustling focal point that Potsdamer Platz became.

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is not a really important intersection point for the U and S-Bahn system. However, due to its location on the north–south route to the main station, parallel to the aboveground buildings, it was also connected to the regional traffic with a tunnel station. Regional trains of the DB and the ODEG, the

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The development is a commercial success at street level. The numbers of shoppers visiting the Arkaden, guests passing through the doors of the many bars, cafes and restaurants, theatres and cinemas, hotels and casino (not to mention passengers thronging the platforms of the stations), all point to a

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caused a major surprise on 2 October 2007 when both announced that they were putting their respective complexes at Potsdamer Platz on the market. Whilst neither intended to move out, both felt it preferable to rent the space from new owners rather than continue to be the owners themselves (and so be

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which, in a complex and costly operation in March 1996, was moved in one piece (all 1,300 tonnes of it), some 75 metres from its former location, to the spot that it occupies today (it even had to make two right-angled turns during the journey, while maintaining its own orientation). Nearby is a new

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were found, partially destroyed or filled in, another bunker complex was found further north that even the East German authorities had apparently missed, plus other cavities beneath land bordering the east side of Ebertstraße, although these turned out to be underground garages belonging to a former

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and West Germany. The concert took place at Potsdamer Platz – specifically an area of the former no man's land just to the north of the Reich Chancellery site, and featured many guest superstars. It was preparations for this concert, rather than historical interest, that brought about the first

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Despite all the devastation, commercial life reappeared in the ruins around Potsdamer Platz within just a few weeks of war's end. The lower floors of a few buildings were patched up enough to allow business of a sort to resume. The U-Bahn and S-Bahn were partially operational again from 2 June 1946,

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and heavy artillery bombardment during the last years of World War II. The three most destructive raids (out of 363 that the city suffered), occurred on 23 November 1943, and 3 and 26 February 1945. Things were not helped by the very close proximity of Hitler's Reich Chancellery, just one block away

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Meanwhile, the North-South Axis would have cut a giant swathe passing just to the west of Potsdamer Platz, some 5 km long and up to 100 m wide, and lined with Nazi government edifices on a gargantuan scale. The eastern half of the former Millionaires' Quarter, including Stüler's Matthiaskirche,

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The traffic problems that had blighted Potsdamer Platz for decades continued to be a big headache, despite the new lights, and these led to a strong desire to solve them once and for all. By now Berlin was a major centre of innovation in many different fields including architecture. In addition, the

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four lines had appeared in 1880, rising to 13 by 1897, all horse-drawn, but after electrification between 1898 and 1902 the number of lines had soared to 35 by 1908 and ultimately reached 40, carrying between them 600 trams every hour, day and night. Services were run by a large number of companies.

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Also, a very large government presence, with many German imperial departments, Prussian state authorities and their various sub-departments, came into the area, taking over 26 former palaces and aristocratic mansions in Leipziger Platz, Leipziger Strasse and Wilhelmstraße. Even the Reichstag itself,

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A railway line once ran through Potsdamer Platz: a connecting line opened in October 1851 and running around the city just inside the customs wall, crossing numerous streets and squares at street level, and whose purpose was to allow goods to be transported between the various Berlin stations, thus

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between the two. A temporary road, lined with barriers, was created across this zone and checkpoints were set up just inside East German territory. Proper dismantling of the entire wall began on 15 May 1990 and all border checks were abolished on 1 July 1990 as East Germany joined West Germany in a

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took place on 17 June 1953, to be quickly and brutally crushed when Soviet tanks rolled in, and some of the worst violence occurred around Potsdamer Platz, where several people were killed by the Volkspolizei. No one really knows how many people died during the uprising itself, or by the subsequent

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In addition, the former Millionaires' Quarter just to the west of Potsdamer Platz had become a much favoured location for other countries to site their embassies. By the early 1930s there were so many diplomats living and working in the area that it came to be redesignated the "Diplomatic Quarter".

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back in 1769, had founded the firm in 1871 and taken over the former building in Potsdamer Straße on 23 March 1877. His son, the wine wholesale dealer William ("Willy") Huth (1877–1967), took over the business in 1904 and, a few years later, commissioned the replacement of the building by a new one

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Both termini began life modestly, but to cope with increasing demand, both went on to much bigger and better things, a new Potsdamer Bahnhof, destined to be Berlin's busiest station, opening on 30 August 1872 and a new Anhalter Bahnhof, destined to be the city's biggest and finest, on 15 June 1880.

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Whilst on the surface the new Potsdamer Platz appears so far to have lived up to its expectations as a futuristic centre of commerce at the heart of Europe's youngest capital city, there has been much debate as to just how successful it really is. Certainly its long-term success and viability have

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What was not apparent from the western side however, was that East Berlin's construction boasted its own illuminated display board facing east, whose messages comprised the version of the news that the Communist authorities in the east wanted their citizens to believe. In addition, the East Berlin

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This traffic had grown to extraordinary levels. Even in 1900, more than 100,000 people, 20,000 cars, horse-drawn vehicles and handcarts, plus many thousands of bicycles, passed through the platz daily. By the 1920s the number of cars had soared to 60,000. The trams added greatly to this. The first

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organisation. It reopened on 31 August 1928 as the Haus Vaterland, offering "The World in One House," and could now hold up to 8,000 guests at a time. The Café Vaterland had remained largely untouched, but the 1,200-seat theatre was now a 1,400-seat cinema. The rest of the building had been turned

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and needed a quick injection of cash in order to refocus on automotive production. The announcement came on the ninth anniversary of their complex's official opening, a fact not lost on many people. Sony meanwhile, put their decision down to a need to review their global strategy in the face of a

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Further wrangles effectively brought work on the north side of Leipziger Platz to a complete stop for several years; even now there are some "fake facades" where completed new buildings should be, while a long-running dispute over who owned the Wertheim department store site (or had claims to the

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and Soviets was steadily rising. The Soviets even took to marking out their border by stationing armed soldiers along it at intervals of a few metres, day and night, in all weathers. Since there was not, as yet, a fixed marker, the borders were prone to abuse, which eventually resulted (in August

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Meanwhile, many of the Huguenots fleeing religious persecution in France, and their descendants, had also been living around the trading post and cultivating local fields. Noticing that traffic queues often built up at the Potsdam Gate due to delays in making the customs checks, these people had

2238:(Christmas train). It now does a regular two-hour round trip at weekends in the run-up to Christmas for families with children, starting and finishing at the Potsdamer Platz S-Bahn station. It did not run in 2009 or 2010 due to equipment problems, but is expected to be operational again in 2011. 1632:

Not to be outdone, East Berlin had meanwhile erected a sign of its own. This was up and running by 25 November 1950, less than seven weeks after its western counterpart, albeit for a much shorter time period. (It was demolished on 29 January 1953.) Facing towards West Berlin was the proclamation

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the country had been made to pay, and this morass had brought about the closure and demolition of the Grand Hotel Belle Vue, on the corner of Bellevuestrasse and Königgrätzer Strasse, thus enabling one revolutionary new building to struggle through to reality despite considerable financial odds.

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Königgrätzer Strasse (northern portion), earlier names Brandenburgische Communication and then Schulgartenstrasse, running along the former route of the customs wall and leading north to the Brandenburg Gate. After a brief spell as Budapester Strasse in the late 1920s (although this name was not

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Essentially, four major roads, in the east–west direction, Potsdamer Strasse and Leipziger Strasse, and in the north–south direction, Ebertstrasse and Stresemannstrasse, lead traffic to Potsdamer Platz. Smaller streets within the individual quarters provide for the connection of the underground

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By the mid-1860s direct taxation had made the customs wall redundant, and so in 1866–7 most of it was demolished along with all the city gates except two – the Brandenburg Gate and the Potsdam Gate. The removal of the customs wall allowed its former route to be turned into yet another road

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according to the well-known slang terms), is still very much in evidence in the city and elsewhere in Germany, and bold civil engineering projects and architectural statements are not going to make it go away by themselves. Politicians past and present have been accused of short-sightedness in

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It was not called that until 8 July 1831, but the area outside the Potsdam Gate began to develop in the early 19th century as a district of quiet villas, for as Berlin became even more congested, many of its richer citizens moved outside the customs wall and built spacious new homes around the

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Once the bombing and shelling had largely ceased, the ground invasion began as Soviet forces stormed the centre of Berlin street by street, building by building, aiming to capture the Reich Chancellery and other key symbols of the Nazi government. When the city was divided into sectors by the

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in New York. It was a key location that helped to symbolize Berlin; it was known worldwide, and a legend grew up around it. It represented the geographical center of the city, the meeting place of five of its busiest streets in a star-shaped intersection deemed the transport hub of the entire

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The whole project was subject to much controversy from the start; not everyone approves of how the district was commercialised and replanned. The decision by the Berlin Senate to divide the land between just four investors – while numerous others had submitted bids – provoked scepticism. The

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or condemned to death, while 1,838 were injured and 5,100 arrested, 1,200 of these sentenced to a total of six thousand years in penal camps. It was also claimed that 17 or 18 Soviet soldiers were executed for refusing to shoot demonstrating workers, but this remains unconfirmed by post-1990

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Meanwhile, country peasantry were generally not welcome in the city, and so the gates also served to restrict access. However, the country folk were permitted to set up trading posts of their own just outside the gates, and the Potsdam Gate especially. It was hoped that this would encourage

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The Berlin Senate then chose to divide the area into four parts, each to be sold to a commercial investor, who then planned new construction according to Hilmer & Sattler's masterplan. During the building phase Potsdamer Platz was the largest building site in Europe. While the resulting

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site, some of its 19 individual buildings were then erected by other architects, who submitted their own designs while maintaining Piano's key elements. The primary materials used for the buildings' facades are brick, terra cotta and sandstone, creating hues of beige, soft brown and ocher.

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flags and propaganda everywhere, Nazi-affiliated concerns occupied a great many buildings in the area, especially Columbushaus, where they took over most of the upper floors. As if to emphasise their presence, they used the building to advertise their own weekly publication: a huge

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in 1961), into their own showpiece boulevard. Potsdamer Platz, meanwhile, was more or less left to rot, as one by one the ruined buildings were cleared away, neither side having the will to repair or replace them. On the western side things did improve with the development of the

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The rebuilt Potsdamer Platz now attracts around 70,000 visitors a day, rising to 100,000 at weekends. It is a particularly popular attraction for visitors: the "Arkaden" shopping mall is 180 m (590 ft) in length. There are also four major hotels, and Europe's largest

298:. Initially, the open area near the city gate was used for military drills and parades. In the 19th into the 20th century, it developed from an intersection of suburban thoroughfares into the most bustling traffic intersection in Europe. The area was totally destroyed during 1039:, also 600 rooms but superior provision of other facilities made it the largest hotel in Continental Europe, located in Stresemannstrasse opposite the Anhalter Bahnhof and connected to it by a 100-metre-long subterranean passageway complete with a parade of underground shops. 2224:) has also been constructed, opened on 26 July 2006. There are also plans to reintroduce trams to Potsdamer Platz. In addition, many bus routes pass through the platz, while for people with their own cars there are some 5,000 parking spaces, 3,500 of which are underground. 2586:, a range of buildings running down the east side of the Potsdamer Bahnhof site, parallelling Daimler-Benz. This complex occupies the site of the former Haus Vaterland, and its principal building, which for a few years was the headquarters of the large German trade union 649:

creating a hated traffic obstruction that lasted for twenty years. Half a dozen or more times a day, Potsdamer Platz ground to a halt while a train of 60 to 100 wagons trundled through at walking pace preceded by a railway official ringing a bell. The construction of the

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in Japan, covering an elliptical central public space up to 102 metres across, and thus differing substantially from Hilmer & Sattler's original plan for the site. Its 26-storey, 103-metre-high "Bahn Tower" is so named because it houses the corporate headquarters of

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It was feared that the economic downturn might exacerbate all these problems. On the whole, however, Potsdamer Platz seems to have weathered the storm. Meanwhile, Deutsche Bahn AG were due to relocate to a purpose-built new structure at Berlin's new main train station

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started researches to control the traffic on the main streets and places in 1924. Berlin traffic experts visited colleagues in Paris, London and New York. They had to organize the traffic, define traffic rules and select a solution to control the traffic. In New York,

1513:, who set up a secret prison in an upper part of the building, complete with interrogation and torture rooms. Meanwhile, in another part of the building, the Information Office of the Olympic Games Organising Committee was housed. Here much of the planning of the 2661:. Founded on 8 March 1991 in the basement strongrooms of the former Wertheim store's bank, these having survived the decades largely undamaged, the club finally closed on 16 April 2005 (it reopened on 24 May 2007 in a renovated power plant on Köpenicker Straße). 2534:, opened early in 2001, while between the two is "Josty's Bar," which is housed in the Esplanade's former breakfast room. This, like the Kaisersaal, had to be relocated, but here the room was dismantled into some 500 pieces to be reassembled where it stands now. 512:

development of all the country lanes into proper roads; in turn it was hoped that these would emulate Parisian boulevards—broad, straight and magnificent, but the main intention was to enable troops to be moved quickly. Thus Potsdamer Platz was off and running.

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fast-changing worldwide economic climate. The implications for Potsdamer Platz were ominous, with suggestions that overall confidence in the project was faltering, and more pessimistic claims that the development had largely failed in its original intentions.

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Potsdamer Platz in October 1945. The Pschorr-Haus is the recognizable structure on the left. A short way down Potsdamer Straße on the left side the corner cupola of the Weinhaus Huth can be seen, while on the right are the ruins of Café Josty and the Weinhaus

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Topped out on 2 September 1998, the Sony Centre was formally opened on 14 June 2000 (although many of its public attractions had been up and running since 20 January), in another grand ceremony with more music – this time with Sony's Japanese chairman

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Just inside the gate was a large octagonal area, created at the time of Friedrichstadt's expansion in 1732-4 and bisected by Leipziger Strasse; this was one of several parade grounds for the thousands of soldiers garrisoned in Berlin at the height of the

1577:(National People's Army), occupied the floor above. Meanwhile, a row of new single-storey shops was erected along Potsdamer Straße. Out on the streets, even the flower-sellers, for whom the area had once been renowned, were doing brisk business again. 1265:) close by in Potsdamer Strasse. Standing alongside the Weinhaus Rheingold's Potsdamer Strasse entrance, this five-storey steel-framed edifice had been erected as an office building in 1907-8 by architect and one-time Berlin inspector of buildings 2447:, now restored to its former glory and occupied by a restaurant, café, and an exhibition space for Daimler AG's art collection ("Daimler Contemporary"). Across the complex, various artworks from the collection are installed, including pieces by 695:

most celebrated role. Vast hotels and department stores, hundreds of smaller shops, theatres, dance-halls, cafés, restaurants, bars, beer palaces, wine-houses and clubs, all started to appear. Some of these places became internationally known.

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arrived first, from the south; begun on 10 September 1896, it opened on 18 February 1902, with a new and better sited station being provided on 29 September 1907, and the line itself being extended north and east on 1 October 1908. In 1939 the

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Potsdamer Platz No. 1 also houses the "Panoramapunkt" viewing platform, located 100 m above ground level, which is accessed by riding Europe's fastest elevator (8.65 metres per second). From the Panoramapunkt one can see such landmarks as the

1509:(National Socialist), i.e. Nazi. Probably Potsdamer Platz's most prominent landmark in the mid-1930s, the sign first appears in photographs dated 1935 but was gone again by 1938. On an even darker note, those Nazi concerns included the 819:

Königgrätzer Strasse (southern portion), earlier names Potsdamer Communication and then Hirschelstrasse, also running along part of the customs wall's old route, actually leading mainly south east. On 6 February 1930, it was renamed

1306:

The traffic light tower in November 1924, one month in operation (the ground around it still has to be cleared and paved). The street behind it is Bellevuestraße, with the canopy over Café Josty's pavement terrace visible on the

1437:(1905–81). Under these plans the immediate vicinity of Potsdamer Platz would have got off fairly lightly, although the Potsdamer Bahnhof (and the Anhalter Bahnhof a short distance away) would have lost their function. The new 1555:

fully from 16 November 1947 (although repairs were not completed until May 1948) and trams by 1952. Part of the Haus Vaterland reopened in 1948 in a much simplified form. The new East German state-owned retail business H.O. (

685:

Potsdamer Platz around 1900, looking north. The Grand Hotel Bellevue and Palast Hotel stand on either side of the northern portion of Königgrätzer Strasse (to be renamed Budapester Straße in 1915 and Friedrich Ebertstraße in

2266:(city government) organised a design competition for the redevelopment of Potsdamer Platz and much of the surrounding area. Eventually attracting 17 entrants, a winning design was announced in October 1991, that from the 2911:

sides of the former divide, has not really materialised. There are criticisms that the development does not sit easily with or connect with its surroundings, and as a result Berliners have had difficulty accepting it as

715:(the Upper House of the Prussian State Parliament), occupied a former porcelain factory for a while, before moving to an impressive new building erected on the site of the former Mendelssohn family home in 1899–1904 by 1401:, whose flagship store was the legendary Galeries Lafayette in Paris, to open a counterpart in Berlin, on the Grand Hotel Belle Vue's former site, but financial worries made them pull out. Undaunted, the architect, 1989: 257: 653:

around the city's perimeter, linked to all the major stations, allowed the connecting line to be scrapped in 1871, although the Ringbahn itself was not complete and open for all traffic until 15 November 1877.

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immediately to the west, although the Cultural Forum has itself faced similar criticisms of its own). Another, more psychological factor that has played a part here is that a long-standing mutual distrust or

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Being outside Berlin, and therefore not subject to the same planning guidelines, Potsdamer Platz grew in a piecemeal and haphazard way, unlike Leipziger Platz, which had been planned and built all at once by

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At the Potsdamer Platz up to 11 policemen at a time had tried to control all this traffic but with varying success. The delays in tram traffic increased and the job was very dangerous for the policemen. The

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and Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church. The Kollhoff Tower's facade needed major repairs due to water penetration and frost damage just seven years after completion, and was under scaffolding for many months.

2375:, on 2 October 1998, in a glittering ceremony featuring large-scale celebrations and musical performances. The 19 buildings include the offices of Daimler-Benz themselves (through their former subsidiary 1438: 2637:

in Brussels, which resulted in Daimler-Benz being billed an additional sum. There were wrangles over land-usage: although a central feature of the Daimler-Benz development is a top shopping mall – the

1124:), occupying the broad corner between Potsdamer Strasse and Bellevuestrasse. The Josty company had been founded in 1793 by two Swiss brothers, Johann and Daniel Josty, who had emigrated to Berlin from 937:

In Stresemannstrasse, and paralleling the Potsdamer Bahnhof on its eastern side, was another great magnet for shoppers and tourists alike – a huge multi-national-themed eating establishment: the

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with creating an overall design for their scheme while sticking to the underlying requirements of Hilmer & Sattler's masterplan. A $ 2 billion development bordering the west side of the former

1382:, meant that most of the plans remained on the drawing board. However, in Germany this depression was virtually a continuation of an economic morass that had blighted the country since the end of 1826:

to give border guards a clear view of would-be escapees and an uninterrupted line of fire), little was left in an area of dozens of hectares. Further demolitions occurred up until 1976 when the

473:, which had become a major problem. The new gate was dedicated on 23 August 1824. Schinkel's proposal to add a garden was not implemented, but in 1828 a plan by gardener and landscape architect 2364:, where computer graphics help convey the scope of one of the most complex building projects ever attempted; it quickly became a highly popular attraction with thousands of visitors each week. 2001: 1941: 1179:

Despite the prestige associated with its name, Café Josty closed in 1930. It then went through an odyssey of re-openings, closures and relaunches under a number of different names including

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detailed post-Cold War survey of the area with a view to determining what, if anything, was left of Hitler's bunker and any other underground installations. Although sections of the main

1054:, built 1892–3 on the site of an earlier hotel. These stood on either side of the northern exit from Potsdamer Platz along Ebertstraße. The Bellevue was well known for its Winter Garden. 1645:(Next Sales Premises), between two arrows pointing left and right, suggesting that large shopping developments were forthcoming in the immediate vicinity, although these never appeared. 481:, a thoroughfare forming part of the southern boundary of the park very close to Potsdamer Platz, and transformed a muddy ditch to the south into one of Berlin's busiest waterways, the 750:

Potsdamer Platz in the mid-1920s, looking east into Leipziger Platz, with the Hotel Furstenhof on the right. A traffic light tower was erected on the elliptical central island in 1924.

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By the second half of the 19th century, Berlin had been growing at a tremendous rate for some time, but its growth accelerated even faster after the city became the capital of the new

1239:, although this name did hark back to the building's planned former role as a concert venue. Another building by the same architect but which still stands – the "Rosengarten" in 1132:, before moving to Potsdamer Platz in the latter year. A major player on the Berlin café scene, Josty attracted writers, artists, politicians and international society: it was one of 1838:

virtually undamaged, and it stood out starkly amid a great levelled wasteland, although now occupied only by groups of squatters. A short distance away stood portions of the former

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tower in Germany was erected at Potsdamer Platz on 20 October 1924 and went into service on 15. December 1924 in an attempt to control the sheer volume of traffic passing through.

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was erected around the city's new perimeter. Potsdamer Platz would eventually develop around the gate at the west end of Leipziger Strasse, which turned south toward the hamlet of

1830:

finally disappeared. After that, only two buildings in the immediate vicinity of Potsdamer Platz still stood – one complete, the other in a half-ruined fragmented form: the

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Meanwhile, in Bellevuestrasse, sandwiched between Café Josty and the Hotel Esplanade but extending right through the block with a separate entrance in Potsdamer Strasse, was the

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Potsdamer Strasse, developed out of that old road to Schöneberg and Potsdam, part of the former trading route across Europe, and leading south west. Today this section is called

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into a large number of theme restaurants, all served from a central kitchen containing the largest gas-fueled cooking plant in Europe. These included: Rheinterrasse, Löwenbräu (

2501:, who erected their new European headquarters on a triangular site immediately to the north of Daimler-Benz and separated from it by the re-routed Potsdamer Straße. This new 370:

running east–west. All the new suburbs were absorbed into Berlin around 1709–10. In 1721-3 a south-westwards expansion of Friedrichstadt was planned under the orders of King

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Stresemannstraße at night, July 1932, showing the Haus Vaterland. The Hotel Fürstenhof is in the left foreground while the brightly illuminated building in the distance is

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As well as the stations and other facilities and attractions already mentioned, in the immediate area was one of the world's biggest and most luxurious department stores:

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During its 28 years in limbo, Potsdamer Platz exuded a strange fascination towards many people on the western side, especially tourists and also visiting politicians and

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After major refurbishment, the S-Bahn line and station reopened on 1 March 1992, followed by the U-Bahn on 13 November 1993. An additional station on the U-Bahn, called

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revenue from its sale by the government), left another large gap in the central Berlin cityscape that is only now finally being redeveloped. This development, known as

896:(1853–1909), opened in 1897 and extended several times over the following 40 years, it ultimately possessed a floor area double that of the Reichstag, a 330-metre-long 535:

department store would stand, although Friedrichvorstadt's focal point and most notable building was the work of another architect—and another pupil of Schinkel. The

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in Switzerland and set up a bakery from which the café was a 1796 offshoot. It had occupied various locations including (from 1812 till 1880), a site in front of the

851: 2915:(despite the fact that the choice of Hilmer & Sattler's masterplan was partly because it was the only one to address the way the development juxtaposed with the 1090: 1066: 2127:

After the initial opening of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989, Potsdamer Platz became one of the earliest locations where the Wall was "breached" to create a new

778:

The heyday of Potsdamer Platz was in the 1920s and 1930s. By this time it had developed into the busiest traffic center in all of Europe, and the heart of Berlin's

2013: 1278: 847: 454: 2773: 2719: 1457:. In Speer's plan the former Anhalter Bahnhof was earmarked to become a public swimming pool; the intended fate of the Potsdamer Bahnhof has not been documented. 3879: 3803: 2562:

and adjoining buildings, on another triangular site bordered on the east side by Ebertstraße, financed entirely out of his own pocket by the German businessman

1859:), through which trains ran without stopping, its previously bustling platforms now decrepit, sealed off from the outside world, and patrolled by armed guards. 565:

running through Potsdamer Platz, thus increasing still further the amount of traffic passing through. This road, both north and south of the platz, was named

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Other developments, more piecemeal in nature, have recreated the octagonal layout of neighbouring Leipziger Platz immediately to the east. One of these is

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Among the many beer palaces around Potsdamer Platz were two in particular which contained an extensive range of rooms and halls covering a large area. The

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containing 19 screens and seating up to 3,500 people. It has been the main Berlinale screening cinema since 2000, two years after its opening in 1998.

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Another annual tradition that began in West Berlin (in 1952) and was re-routed into the east via Potsdamer Platz following German reunification is the

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become much harder to judge since the recent worldwide economic downturn, a situation compounded by the actions of its two principal owner-occupiers.

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responsible for the buildings' upkeep and maintenance). Daimler had recently come through a painful separation from their former American subsidiary

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death sentences. There are 55 known victims, but other estimates state at least 125. West German estimates were much higher: in 1966 the West German

861: 829: 3137: 294:, some 25 km (16 mi) to the south west, and marks the point where the old road from Potsdam passed through the city wall of Berlin at the 1047: 855: 537: 1930:-covered Berlin Wall. The movie thus gives a good impression of the surroundings at the time, which are completely unlike what can be seen today. 2883:

On 17 December 2007, Daimler announced that they were selling their entire complex of 19 buildings at Potsdamer Platz to SEB Asset Management, a

2444: 1977: 1922:) were filmed on the old, almost entirely void Potsdamer Platz before the Berlin Wall fell. In one scene an old man named Homer, played by actor 1831: 1073: 549:(1800–65). This church, one of fewer than half a dozen surviving pre-World War II buildings in the entire area, forms the centrepiece of today's 2282:

development is impressive in its scale and confidence, the quality of its architecture has been praised and criticised in almost equal measure.

960:, the Café Piccadilly was given a new name – the more patriotic-sounding Café Vaterland. However, in 1927–8 the architect and entrepreneur 3377: 3356: 2123:

The Potsdamer Platz crossing, seen here from the west into East Berlin, opened days after the first breach of the Berlin Wall in November 1989.

1255: 2379:, whose 21-storey main tower rises to 106 metres and is the tallest building in the new Potsdamer Platz development), also offices of British 2025: 4488: 1351: 1043: 1009: 2731: 2698:, serving as the venue for the premieres of competition films and several special gala films, as well as the opening and awards ceremonies. 2594:, meaning United Services Union), rises to 45 metres and has a curving glass facade designed to evoke the shape of that erstwhile landmark. 4196: 2157: 1286: 1266: 1203: 3872: 3073:"Topographies of Class: Modern Architecture and Mass Society in Weimar Berlin (Social History, Popular Culture, and Politics in Germany)" 1211: 350:(1618–48). Several new districts were founded around the city's perimeter, just outside the old fortifications. The largest of these was 354:, just south west of the historic core of Berlin, begun in 1688 and named after the new elector, Frederick William III, who became King 4537: 4532: 2213: 1262: 1588:

converged there, people theoretically only had to walk a few paces across sector boundaries to avoid the respective police officials.

816:, whose official residence was on the east side of the street near the Brandenburg Gate. On 31 July 1947, it reverted to Ebertstrasse. 609:, terminus of a 26 km line linking the city with Potsdam, opened throughout by 29 October (in 1848 the line would be extended to 1674:

claimed that 383 people died in the uprising, including 116 "functionaries of the SED regime", with an additional 106 executed under

327: 3396: 964:(1879–1933) transformed the whole building into a gastronomic fantasy land, financed and further elaborated upon by new owners the 2969:), in particular for better public transport development of the main station, to be built in the long term. After upgrades on the 2761: 2546:. A keen lover of classical music, he had helped to choose the site because of its close proximity to the orchestra's home in the 1551:

occupying Allies at the end of the war, the square found itself on the boundary between the American, British and Soviet sectors.

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they found traffic light towers designed by Joseph H. Freedlander in 1922 which can be regarded as a model for the Berlin tower.

2509:, is an eye-catching monolith of glass and steel featuring an enormous tent-like conical roof, its shape reportedly inspired by 4547: 4396: 3865: 3826: 2785: 2737: 2221: 1547:

in Voßstraße, and many other Nazi government edifices nearby as well, and so Potsdamer Platz was right in a major target area.

850:, a pedestrianised cul-de-sac severed by post-World War II developments and subsequently by-passed by a new section – the 754: 3164:

15. December 1924: Acceptance of the traffic tower took place, the first policeman climbed up the tower and started operation

3028: 2037: 1543: 1323: 1302: 4384: 1277:. In 1920 the Vox-group had taken over the building and the following year commissioned its remodelling by Swiss architect 1028:

himself held regular "gentlemen's evenings" and other functions there in a room that came to be named after him – the

1085:

on the same site. Running right through the block into Linkstrasse, this new Weinhaus Huth was designed by the architects

1210:(1857–1917) and opened in 1904. After closing in 1914, it underwent a revamp before reopening in 1926 under the new name 4322: 393:

after leaving the city. This road, which had developed into part of a trading route running across Europe from Paris to

4211: 2695: 1965: 1890: 1671: 1585: 1542:

As was the case in most of central Berlin, almost all of the buildings around Potsdamer Platz were turned to rubble by

1005:, a good example being the closure of the Wild West Bar following America's entry into the war as an enemy of Germany. 925: 3419: 3138:"Embassies / Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment in Berlin / Diplomatic quarter in Tiergarten" 2801: 1596: 3775: 3761: 3747: 3734: 3720: 3702: 3688: 3674: 3660: 3216: 3195: 3059: 2106: 1894: 1784: 201: 183: 161: 121: 65: 2088: 1766: 1485:

building, and yet even this was little more than a dry run for an even larger structure some distance further away.

617:

Three years later a second railway terminus opened. Six hundred meters to the southeast, with a front facade facing

154: 4527: 4424: 4271: 3818: 3575: 2080: 1953: 1758: 1666: 707:(1809–47) in Leipziger Strasse before moving in 1894 to the vast new edifice near the Brandenburg Gate, erected by 671: 477:

went ahead. He redesigned the Tiergarten, a large wooded park formerly the Royal Hunting Grounds, gave his name to

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movement leader read a lot here and even made some key political speeches from the pavement terrace, while author

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part of West Berlin to another. Consequently, Potsdamer Platz S-Bahn station became the most infamous of several

667: 4246: 2360:, on 11 October 1993. During construction, the contractors erected a bright red three-story building called the 1330:

was founded. Finally in 1929 all communal traffic companies (Underground, Tram and Buses) were unified into the

531:(1811–81), a pupil of Schinkel who also built the original "English Embassy" in Leipziger Platz, where the vast 4251: 4231: 2084: 1762: 1699: 1057:

Meanwhile, facing the Palast Hotel across the entrance to Leipziger Platz (the Potsdam Gate), was the 400-room

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Meanwhile, the Nazi influence was no less evident at Potsdamer Platz than anywhere else in Berlin. As well as

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but which on 13 January 1935 elected to return to Germany. On 31 July 1947, it reverted to Stresemannstrasse.

3437: 1846:, used at various times as a much scaled-down hotel, cinema, nightclub and occasional film-set (scenes from 1686:

tensions rose still further during the 1950s, restrictions were placed on travel between the Soviet sector (

675: 405:, became Elector Frederick William's route of choice to Potsdam, the location of his palace, in 1660. After 3910: 2990: 2974: 2891:. On 28 February 2008, Sony made a similar announcement, of impending sale to a consortium led by American 2571: 2368: 869: 3481: 2274:. They had to fight off some stiff competition though, including a last-minute entry by British architect 1565:

but, unable to start up the giant Leipziger Platz store again (it was too badly damaged), it opened a new

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By 1938, 37 out of 52 embassies and legations in Berlin, and 28 out of 29 consulates, were situated here.

4102: 3141: 2314: 885: 532: 3525: 1561:, meaning Trading Organisation), had seized almost all of Wertheim's former assets in the newly created 4542: 4221: 2186: 1562: 641:

This latter station benefitted from the closure of a short-lived third terminus in the area – the

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Since 2000, the two Potsdamer Platz venues have served as the two principal venues of the festival.

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city's colossal pace of change (compared by some to that of Chicago), had caused its chief planner,

1093:(1877–1938), and opened on 2 October 1912, and contained a wine restaurant on the ground floor, and 461:

proposed a unified redesign of the two squares in 1797, but it was never built. In 1815, his pupil,

4452: 4353: 4286: 4191: 3693:

Ulrike Plewina, Horst Mauter, Laszlo F. Foldenyi, Ulrich Pfeiffer, Alfred Kernd'l, Thies Schroder:

2407:, with 342 rooms and suites; and the 25-storey, 103-metre-high Potsdamer Platz No. 1, known as the 2345: 2306: 2069: 1747: 1195:(sometimes appearing to have two or more names simultaneously), before its eventual destruction in 876: 606: 250: 148: 720: 678:

opening in stages during the year, the Potsdamer Platz S-Bahn station itself opening on 15 April.

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The crossing required the dismantling of both the inner and outer walls and the clearance of the

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remarkably low price Daimler-Benz paid to secure their plot prompted questions from the Berlin

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More significantly, living and working conditions in East Germany were rapidly worsening under

1168: 1013: 828:(1878–1929), the first Chancellor to serve under President Ebert. In 1935 the Nazis renamed it 355: 165: 1866:

Line on the ground marking where the Wall used to stand, on the edge of Leipziger Platz (2015)

724: 4419: 4332: 4296: 3099: 3011:(1548–1600), was erected inside one of the entrances to the Potsdamer Platz Regionalbahnhof. 2613: 2380: 1481:, one block to the north of Leipziger Platz. Here Albert Speer erected Hitler's enormous new 4184: 1261:

At 8.00 p.m. on 29 October 1923, Germany's first radio broadcast was made from a building (

766:, 1977. At the bottom of the steps is a placard showing what the square looked like in 1929. 645:, located south of the Landwehrkanal, which lasted from 17 June 1875 until 15 October 1882. 474: 4409: 4404: 4236: 4226: 4139: 3917: 2896: 2298: 1601: 1514: 1129: 1125: 1008:

Among the major hotels at or near Potsdamer Platz were two designed by the same architect,

779: 434: 347: 311: 57: 3239:"Leuchtschriftanlange – "Die Freie Berliner Presse Meldet" (in German, click on the link)" 2725:

Potsdamer Platz (2005); In background left Beisheim Centre, right Delbrück-Hochhaus now P5

465:, proposed the area as the location for a National Memorial Cathedral, to be known as the 287: 8: 4462: 4216: 3851: 3259: 2942: 2926: 2466: 1847: 1638: 1557: 1357: 1176:), on the same terrace and made the café the setting for an important scene in the book. 597: 578: 386: 335: 222: 4281: 2836:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

1797: 4134: 4119: 3981: 3959: 2892: 2858: 2650: 2424: 1398: 570: 422: 279: 4342: 3986: 2973:, the airport express (FEX) is to run via Potsdamer Platz. The planned rebuild of the 2957:, Potsdamer Platz had much streetcar traffic. The last remnants were removed in 1991. 1454: 880:

The Wertheim department store in 1927, showing the main facade along Leipziger Strasse

770: 634: 363: 4447: 4327: 4291: 4025: 3840: 3771: 3757: 3743: 3730: 3716: 3698: 3684: 3670: 3656: 3246: 3212: 3191: 3170: 3055: 1902: 1882: 1707: 1482: 1426:(1889–1945) came to power. Hitler had big plans for Berlin, to transform it into the 1156: 1141: 1025: 950: 833: 825: 783: 719:(1843–1912). This building backed on to an equally grand edifice in the next street ( 704: 681: 449:(Leipzig Gate) around the same time, but reverted to its old name a few years later. 438: 367: 339: 89: 4306: 4241: 4008: 3823: 3499: 3340:"17juni53.de: Vermeintliche und ungeklärte Todesfälle: Bezirk Magdeburg (in German)" 3072: 1695: 1270: 1106:, was a waiter there in the 1920s, before he opened his own restaurant and hotel at 864:, earlier name Charlottenburger Allee, leading north west through the Tiergarten to 813: 338:

from 1640 to 1688, allowed large numbers of religious refugees, including Jews from

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parking garages. In addition, in 2006, a connection between the Uferstraße on the

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New Potsdamer Strasse towards P. Platz (2007; Bahn Tower left, Kollhoff Tower rhs)

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have been incorporated into the north side of the Sony development, including the

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Finally, on the corner between Potsdamer Strasse and the Potsdamer Bahnhof, stood

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theme – indeed, the very name of the complex was taken from the Wagner opera

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1987 as an expression of faith in Berlin; in 1990, adjacent plots were bought by

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between East and West Berlin. The crossing began operating on 11 November 1989.

1805: 1050:(sometimes known as the "Grand Hotel Bellevue"), built 1887–8, and the 110-room 346:

expelled from France, to settle on his territory to repopulate it following the

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The first spade at the start of the Daimler-Benz development was turned by the

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Columbushaus was completed and opened in January 1933, the same month that the

1406: 1226: 938: 920: 889: 854:, leading due west and then curving southwards to rejoin its old course at the 805: 394: 379: 362:-style grid pattern much favoured at the time, and was based on two main axes: 331: 4359: 2857:

Looking south over Potsdamer Platz in September 2005. The long green strip is

1473:. More significantly, its curving eastern facade marked the beginnings of the 545:-style building in alternating bands of red and yellow brick, and designed by 409:

became king in 1740, the road was significantly improved, and became known as

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East German officer monitors traffic returning to East Berlin, November 1989.

1947:

Berlin Wall at Potsdamer Platz, 1975, looking southeast into Stresemannstraße

1926:, searches in vain for Potsdamer Platz, but finds only rubble, weeds and the 1886: 1856: 1533: 1470: 1312: 1274: 1231: 1222: 893: 691: 663: 658: 482: 470: 267: 3824:

Information about exhibitions and concerts at Kulturforum am Potsdamer Platz

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the tram traffic was stopped for two days and a new communal company called

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Pre-World War II heyday: Potsdamer Platz in 1932, showing the ultra-modern

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Potsdamer Platz was served by both of Berlin's two local rail systems. The

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Devastation in 1945. The burnt-out Columbushaus is in the left background.

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After 1918 most of the tram companies joined. In 1923, at the peak of the

322:

The history of Potsdamer Platz can be traced to 29 October 1685, when the

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staged a gigantic charity concert of his former band's rock extravaganza

2019:

East German officer checks a car returning to East Berlin, November 1989.

1909: 1822: 1720: 1711: 1691: 1687: 1675: 1569:(department store) on the ground floor of Columbushaus. An office of the 1383: 1098:

were employed there, and Alois Hitler Jr., the stepbrother of the future

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The Potsdamer Platz five-sided 8.5 m high traffic tower was designed by

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in March 1924, but it moved to a new home in 1931 and closed in 1934.

1016:(sometimes known as the "Grand Hotel Esplanade"), in Bellevuestrasse. 527:

Many of the properties in the neighborhood were the work of architect

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Building on the Rubble of History; A Capital Reinstated And Remodeled

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Building on the Rubble of History; A Capital Reinstated And Remodeled

3127:, ed. by Christopher H. Sterling (Taylor & Francis, 2004) p. 1067 3005: 2921: 2884: 2612:, the new embassy of Canada, on the platz's north-west diagonal. Its 2207: 1923: 1662: 1494: 1159: 1012:(1864–1925), and opened in the same year, 1908. One was the 600-room 978: 965: 610: 314:, Potsdamer Platz has been the site of major redevelopment projects. 283: 2616:

was carried out on 18 February 2002 by the Canadian Prime Minister,

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Workers clearing the square for a new border crossing, November 1989

1983:

A view from the West Berlin side on the 25th anniversary of the Wall

1736: 1723:, whose site roughly equates with the former Millionaires' Quarter. 445:

that had been going on since 1806. The gate itself was redesignated

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Potsdamer Platz was also the location of Germany's first electric

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The railway first came to Berlin in 1838, with the opening of the

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effective use of propaganda in the leadup to the second World War

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café and wine bar), Bodega (Spanish winery), Csarda (Hungarian),

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In 1735–1737, after Friedrichstadt's expansion was complete, the

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Located a short distance away – the Anhalter Bahnhof around 1900

378:(1679–1748). In this expansion, a new north–south axis emerged: 3889: 3046: 3044: 2671: 2587: 2267: 1875: 1042:

Two other hotels which shared the same architect, in this case

994: 990: 986: 974: 630: 398: 271: 3182: 3180: 274:, Germany, lying about 1 km (1,100 yd) south of the 3897: 2932: 2404: 1604:

in front of the House of Tourism ("Haus des Fremdenverkehrs")

1254:(1874–1957), opened in 1910 and relaunched under a new name, 832:

after the region of southwestern Germany that had been under

809: 3041: 2566:. The office and shopping complex also houses the five-star 1580:

The area around Potsdamer Platz had also become a focus for

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On 16 August 1914, less than three weeks after the start of

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Artist's rendering of the new Potsdam Gate after completion

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Potsdamer Platz – Urban Architecture for a New Berlin

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performance in the former no man's land of Potsdamer Platz

2252: 27:

Public square and traffic intersection in Berlin, Germany

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with a view of Potsdamer Platz on the other side of the

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Pictures of the Potsdamer Platz during its construction

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felt between former East Berliners and West Berliners (

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Potsdamer Platz – A History in Words and Pictures

1397:

was the result of a plan by the French retail company

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renamed it Hermann-Göring-Strasse after Reichsmarshal

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widely recognised), on 6 February 1930 it was renamed

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Billionaire Metro co-founder Beisheim commits suicide

1269:(1859–1930), who was also responsible for the city's 703:, occupied the former home of the family of composer 433:

after the site of Prussia's final decisive defeat of

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Left Beisheim Center, right Delbrück-Hochhaus now P5

2031:

Crossing between East and West Berlin, November 1989

1665:

rule. Tensions finally reached breaking point and a

625:

was the Berlin terminus of a line running as far as

286:

Building), and close to the southeast corner of the

1501:(The Brown Post – N.S. Sunday Newspaper), the 593:

Potsdamer Platz – the Potsdamer Bahnhof around 1900

4262:Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars 2767:Potsdamer Platz: Sony Centre and Bahn Tower (2007) 2367:The finished complex was officially opened by the 2208:Routes through Potsdamer Platz after reunification 989:drinking den – literally "galley"), Rübchen ( 953:(aka UFA or Ufa), Germany's biggest film company. 782:. It had acquired an iconic status, on a par with 3887: 3288:"17juni53.de: Tote des 17. Juni 1953 (in German)" 3274:"17juni53.de: Tote des 17. Juni 1953 (in German)" 3228:Taylor, Chapter "Thunderclap and Yalta", page 216 2620:, and it was officially opened on 29 April 2005. 2241: 2148: 1584:trading. Since the American, British and Soviet 4519: 3397:Building Cranes Rule the Congested Sky of Berlin 2989:and the main tunnel was put into operation, the 1801:Potsdamer Platz seen through barbed wire in 1963 1469:(House of Tourism), basically a giant state-run 1166:wrote part of his 1929 bestseller for children, 1116:was one of two rival cafés (the other being the 723:), also by Colditz, that had been built for the 541:(St. Matthew's Church), built in 1844–6, was an 374:, and this was completed in 1732-4 by architect 2996:On 2 March 2008, a statue by the Berlin artist 2960:Unlike, for example, Friedrichstrasse station, 2887:-based subsidiary of the Swedish banking group 2190:to commemorate the end of the division between 429:(Octagon), on 15 September 1814 it was renamed 2690:seating over 1600 people. It is known as the 1617:The free Berlin press versus the wise Berliner 1206:in Potsdamer Strasse was erected by architect 3873: 3842:Potsdamer Platz: The Resurrection of a Square 2664: 2443:The Daimler complex also contains the former 2043:Potsdamer Platz crossing passport stamp, 1990 985:Bar) (American), Osteria (Italian), Kombüse ( 3836:Dedicated website of the old Potsdamer Platz 1889:of the United Kingdom (6 March 1965), Queen 1413: 734:, installed in 1882 by the electrical giant 2087:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1765:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1499:DIE BRAUNE POST – N.S. SONNTAGSZEITUNG 1235:, the first of the four parts of the cycle 711:(1841–1912). Next door, the Herrenhaus, or 66:Learn how and when to remove these messages 3880: 3866: 3627:""Giordano Bruno" – Denkmal wird enthüllt" 3000:dedicated to Italian philosopher, priest, 270:and traffic intersection in the center of 3683:, 1995, Rough Guides Limited Publishers, 3211:, 1995, Rough Guides Limited Publishers, 2107:Learn how and when to remove this message 1785:Learn how and when to remove this message 1433:, to be realised by his architect friend 202:Learn how and when to remove this message 184:Learn how and when to remove this message 122:Learn how and when to remove this message 3576:"Festival Map: CinemaxX Potsdamer Platz" 3551:"CinemaxX Potsdamer Platz in Berlin, DE" 3097: 2852: 2321: 2313: 2305: 2297: 2289: 2156: 2118: 1901:(15 July 1978), and U.S. Vice President 1861: 1812: 1804: 1796: 1595: 1532: 1524: 1356: 1301: 1243:, has a remarkably similar main facade. 924: 875: 769: 753: 745: 680: 596: 588: 502: 487: 317: 229: 221: 213: 147:This article includes a list of general 4041:Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe 3480:Matthias Inverardi (18 February 2013), 3418:Ferdinand Protzman (28 November 1994), 2489:was located at Marlene Dietrich Platz. 2048: 727:(the Prussian Lower House), in 1892–9. 14: 4520: 3395:Ferdinand Protzman (8 February 1994), 2336:The largest of the four parts went to 1600:Potsdamer Platz in May 1950 – British 868:, today the official residence of the 584: 3861: 3804:Walks through Berlin: Potsdamer Platz 3655:, 1992, After the Battle Publishers, 3029:List of tourist attractions in Berlin 1635:DER KLUGE BERLINER KAUFT BEI DER H.O. 1334:(Berlin Transport Services) company. 249: 3770:, 2007, Princeton University Press, 3669:, 1994, Boxtree Limited Publishers, 3190:, 1994, Boxtree Limited Publishers, 3054:, 2007, Princeton University Press, 2977:will reconnect Potsdamer Platz with 2816: 2686:The Theater am Potsdamer Platz is a 2592:Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft 2085:adding citations to reliable sources 2052: 1933: 1763:adding citations to reliable sources 1730: 1656: 290:park. It is named after the city of 133: 72: 31: 3123:"Germany", by Elfriede Fursich, in 2681: 2518:, the German state railway system. 1885:(22 February 1962), Prime Minister 1817:Berlin Wall at Potsdammerplatz 1962 1110:, in the western part of the city. 904:facade along Leipziger Strasse, 83 892:(1857–1939), designed by architect 24: 3752:Yamin von Rauch, Jochen Visscher: 3629:(in German). IDW. 21 February 2008 3420:Companies Join Huge Berlin Project 3100:"The 5 Best Night Clubs in Berlin" 2711: 2701:The CinemaxX Potsdamer Platz is a 2696:Berlin International Film Festival 2597: 2577: 2479:Prinz Friedrich Arthur von Homburg 1897:(3 November 1972), U.S. President 1891:Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom 1726: 1340:Berliner Straßenbahn-Betriebs-GmbH 1328:Berliner Straßenbahn-Betriebs-GmbH 302:and then left desolate during the 153:it lacks sufficient corresponding 25: 4559: 4538:Mixed-use developments in Germany 4533:Buildings and structures in Mitte 3781: 2993:is part of the Bundesstrasse 96. 1672:Ministry for Inter-German Affairs 1637:(The Wise Berliner Buys With The 741: 738:, founded and based in the city. 358:. Its street layout followed the 47:This article has multiple issues. 4425:Sachsenhausen concentration camp 4323:Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial 4153: 3788: 3526:"Festival Map: Berlinale Palast" 3456:"Sights - Panorama Point Berlin" 3098:Amondson, Birge (26 June 2019). 2821: 2800: 2784: 2772: 2760: 2745: 2730: 2718: 2497:The second largest part went to 2399:; a five-star hotel designed by 2340:, who charged Italian architect 2057: 2036: 2024: 2012: 2000: 1988: 1976: 1964: 1952: 1940: 1735: 1627:DIE FREIE BERLINER PRESSE MELDET 1608:Meanwhile, friction between the 1515:1936 Berlin Summer Olympic Games 933:, opposite the Anhalter Bahnhof. 843:Leipziger Strasse, leading east. 804:(1871–1925), first President of 138: 77: 36: 3809:Construction at Potsdamer Platz 3709:The Potsdamer Platz around 1930 3665:Peter Fritzsche, Karen Hewitt: 3619: 3593: 3568: 3543: 3518: 3492: 3474: 3448: 3430: 3389: 3367: 3346: 3332: 3318: 3307:: Der Volksaufstand (in German) 3294: 3280: 3266: 3231: 3186:Peter Fritzsche, Karen Hewitt: 2807:Sony Centre's Bahn Tower (2009) 2431:, Cathedral, Television Tower, 1591: 1520: 529:Georg Friedrich Heinrich Hitzig 99:Too wordy. Should be tightened. 55:or discuss these issues on the 4232:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church 3715:), 1998, Kai Homilius Verlag, 3436:Stephen Kinzer (12 May 1996), 3222: 3201: 3156: 3130: 3117: 3091: 3065: 2623: 2521:Surviving parts of the former 2242:Europe's largest building site 1700:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church 1653:as a further propaganda tool. 1378:of the time, triggered by the 1136:places to be seen. The writer 1046:(1844–1917), were the 68-room 947:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church 441:, which brought to an end the 13: 1: 4548:Tourist attractions in Berlin 4046:Monument to Freedom and Unity 3977:Deutsches Historisches Museum 3729:, 2000, Nicolai'sche Verlag, 3681:Berlin – The Rough Guide 3679:Jack Holland, John Gawthrop: 3209:Berlin – The Rough Guide 3207:Jack Holland, John Gawthrop: 3034: 2937:speculating that they would. 2544:Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra 2310:Potsdamer Platz from distance 2270:-based architectural firm of 1821:With the construction of the 1809:Empty Potsdamer Platz in 1977 1702:, while East Berlin built up 993:, named after the well-known 888:. Founded by German merchant 520:(Friedrich's Suburb), or the 310:bisected its location. Since 4247:Museum Europäischer Kulturen 3711:(Number 184 from the series 3697:, 1996, Dirk Nishen Verlag, 2991:Tunnel Tiergarten Spreebogen 2948: 2369:Federal President of Germany 1641:) Underneath were the words 1449:(South Station), located at 973:beer restaurant), Grinzing ( 870:Federal President of Germany 573:victory over Austria at the 7: 3014: 2553: 1878:who came to look were U.S. 1690:) and the western sectors ( 1386:, partly the result of the 1285:, founded in 1923, renamed 97:. The specific problem is: 10: 4564: 4222:Haus der Kulturen der Welt 3645: 3438:Watching Berlin Take Shape 2665:Facilities and attractions 2633:-General's office and the 2601: 2558:The third part became the 2285: 2214:Mendelssohn-Bartholdy-Park 2169: 1563:German Democratic Republic 1295: 918: 324:Tolerance Edict of Potsdam 4438: 4395: 4315: 4162: 4151: 3896: 2830:This section needs to be 2812: 2481:). From 2000 until 2010, 2172:The Wall – Live in Berlin 2163:The Wall – Live in Berlin 1414:Hitler and Germania plans 1380:Wall Street Crash of 1929 1332:Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe 943:Franz Heinrich Schwechten 858:, over the Landwehrkanal. 717:Friedrich Schulze Colditz 425:. Initially known as the 366:running north–south, and 4207:Freie Universität Berlin 4192:Berlin Zoological Garden 4096:Vorderasiatisches Museum 3742:, 2001, Fodor's Travel, 2791:Residential building by 2302:Potsdamer Platz at night 1908:Some scenes of the 1987 1895:Charles, Prince of Wales 1698:and the area around the 1571:Kasernierte Volkspolizei 1467:Haus des Fremdenverkehrs 1431:(World Capital) Germania 941:. Designed by architect 496:for Potsdamer Platz and 251:[ˈpɔtsdamɐplats] 4528:Berlin border crossings 3888:Visitor attractions in 3829:3 February 2011 at the 3312:1 February 2015 at the 2738:Bahnhof Potsdamer Platz 2582:The fourth part is the 2542:himself conducting the 2492: 2427:, Federal Chancellery, 2222:Bahnhof Potsdamer Platz 1971:Potsdamer Strasse, 1986 1643:NÄCHSTE VERKAUFSSTELLEN 1497:on its roof proclaimed 1237:Der Ring des Nibelungen 1174:Emil and the Detectives 1024:were guests there, and 791:continent. These were: 713:Prussian House of Lords 577:on 3 July 1866, in the 547:Friedrich August Stüler 494:Karl Friedrich Schinkel 463:Karl Friedrich Schinkel 218:Potsdamer Platz in 2016 168:more precise citations. 4267:Schloss Charlottenburg 4252:Natural History Museum 4130:St. Hedwig's Cathedral 3756:, 2002, Jovis Verlag, 3601:"Berlinale beginnings" 3462:. PANORAMAPUNKT Berlin 3219:, introductory page IX 2971:Berlin Dresden railway 2862: 2385:PricewaterhouseCoopers 2333: 2319: 2311: 2303: 2295: 2294:Potsdamer Platz by day 2167: 2124: 1914:Der Himmel über Berlin 1867: 1818: 1810: 1802: 1605: 1539: 1530: 1366: 1308: 1279:Rudolf Otto Salvisberg 1193:Kaffee Potsdamer Platz 1169:Emil und die Detektive 934: 881: 848:Alte Potsdamer Strasse 836:rule since the end of 775: 774:Potsdamer Platz, 1920s 767: 751: 687: 602: 594: 524:(Tiergarten Quarter). 508: 500: 455:Johann Philipp Gerlach 356:Frederick I of Prussia 239: 227: 219: 4333:German-Russian Museum 4091:Museum of Islamic Art 3727:Berlin 1925-1946-2000 3125:Encyclopedia of Radio 2856: 2614:turf-cutting ceremony 2483:Balloon Flower (Blue) 2454:Untitled (The Boxers) 2381:professional services 2325: 2317: 2309: 2301: 2293: 2204:accommodation block. 2160: 2122: 1959:Potsdamer Platz, 1986 1865: 1816: 1808: 1800: 1602:Daimler Armoured Cars 1599: 1536: 1528: 1360: 1305: 928: 879: 852:Neue Potsdamer Straße 773: 757: 749: 721:Prinz-Albrecht-Straße 684: 600: 592: 506: 491: 459:Friedrich David Gilly 457:. Prussian architect 318:Historical background 233: 225: 217: 4405:Charlottenhof Palace 4237:Kaufhaus des Westens 4140:Topography of Terror 4076:Oranienburger Straße 3928:Berlin Wall Memorial 3918:Alte Nationalgalerie 3740:Fodor's Germany 2002 2897:bank holding company 2740:entrance hall (2005) 2688:theatre for musicals 2272:Hilmer & Sattler 2176:On 21 July 1990, ex- 2081:improve this section 2049:The fall of the Wall 1759:improve this section 1710:(which they renamed 1575:Nationale Volksarmee 1445:(North Station) and 1181:Conditorei Friediger 758:Observation deck in 575:Battle of Königgrätz 326:was signed, whereby 312:German reunification 104:improve this article 93:to meet Knowledge's 4504:52.5094°N 13.3765°E 4500: / 4463:Transport in Berlin 4420:Potsdam Roman Baths 4397:Metropolitan region 4385:Soviet War Memorial 4272:Soviet War Memorial 4021:Humboldt University 3852:Haus der Geschichte 3713:Der Historische Ort 3653:Berlin Then and Now 3168:German Source, in: 2943:Berlin Hauptbahnhof 2467:Robert Rauschenberg 2391:(Germany's largest 2257:statement of intent 1905:(1 February 1983). 1558:Handelsorganisation 1463:Theodor Dierksmeier 1365:nearing completion. 1252:Johann Emil Schaudt 1080:(cellar-master) to 725:Preußischer Landtag 585:The railways arrive 579:Austro-Prussian War 567:Königgrätzer Straße 492:Proposed design by 387:Berlin Customs Wall 372:Frederick William I 336:Brandenburg-Prussia 4212:Gas Lantern Museum 4185:Bundespräsidialamt 4103:Platz der Republik 3960:Checkpoint Charlie 3707:Raimund Hertzsch: 3025:, 2002 German film 2893:investment banking 2863: 2859:Tilla Durieux Park 2651:Leipziger Platz 12 2437:Holocaust Memorial 2389:Berliner Volksbank 2334: 2320: 2312: 2304: 2296: 2168: 2125: 1868: 1819: 1811: 1803: 1606: 1540: 1531: 1399:Galeries Lafayette 1367: 1309: 1283:Radiostunde Berlin 1219:Weinhaus Rheingold 1130:Berlin City Palace 1087:Conrad Heidenreich 1063:Richard Bielenberg 1035:The other was the 935: 882: 776: 768: 752: 688: 603: 595: 543:Italian Romanesque 509: 501: 475:Peter Joseph Lenné 443:Wars of Liberation 435:Napoleon Bonaparte 423:Kingdom of Prussia 413:; the gate became 240: 228: 220: 4543:Squares in Berlin 4483: 4482: 4328:East Side Gallery 4287:Tempelhof Airport 4197:Botanical Gardens 4135:Staatsoper Berlin 4026:Kronprinzenpalais 3651:Tony le Tissier: 3607:. 8 February 2012 3506:. 6 December 2018 3376:(11 April 1999), 3355:(11 April 1999), 3171:Vossische Zeitung 2851: 2850: 2346:Potsdamer Bahnhof 2117: 2116: 2109: 1934:Photos, 1975–1989 1903:George H. W. Bush 1883:Robert F. Kennedy 1795: 1794: 1787: 1708:Frankfurter Allee 1667:Workers’ Uprising 1657:The 1953 uprising 1507:Nationalsozialist 1151:were all guests; 1142:Adolph von Menzel 1082:King Friedrich II 1026:Kaiser Wilhelm II 951:Universum Film AG 834:League of Nations 826:Gustav Stresemann 822:Stresemannstrasse 784:Piccadilly Circus 705:Felix Mendelssohn 701:German Parliament 619:Askanischer Platz 607:Potsdamer Bahnhof 522:Tiergartenviertel 518:Friedrichvorstadt 471:Prussian soldiers 439:Battle of Leipzig 368:Leipziger Strasse 348:Thirty Years' War 328:Frederick William 284:German Parliament 212: 211: 204: 194: 193: 186: 132: 131: 124: 95:quality standards 86:This article may 70: 16:(Redirected from 4555: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4510: 4509:52.5094; 13.3765 4505: 4501: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4493: 4282:Tauentzienstraße 4157: 4145:Unter den Linden 4004:Hackescher Markt 3955:Brandenburg Gate 3882: 3875: 3868: 3859: 3858: 3798: 3793: 3792: 3791: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3555:Cinema Treasures 3547: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3496: 3490: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3460:panoramapunkt.de 3452: 3446: 3434: 3428: 3416: 3405: 3393: 3387: 3371: 3365: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3322: 3316: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3257: 3252: 3250: 3242: 3235: 3229: 3226: 3220: 3205: 3199: 3184: 3175: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3144:on 23 March 2012 3140:. 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September 2009 3069: 3063: 3048: 2998:Alexander Polzin 2846: 2843: 2837: 2825: 2824: 2817: 2804: 2788: 2776: 2764: 2753:Berlinale Palast 2749: 2734: 2722: 2703:multiplex cinema 2692:Berlinale Palast 2682:Film and theatre 2676:Spielbank Berlin 2655:Tresor nightclub 2471:The Riding Bikes 2433:Gendarmes Market 2421:Brandenburg Gate 2393:cooperative bank 2358:Eberhard Diepgen 2145:currency union. 2112: 2105: 2101: 2098: 2092: 2061: 2053: 2040: 2028: 2016: 2004: 1992: 1980: 1968: 1956: 1944: 1916:(English title: 1842:, including the 1790: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1770: 1739: 1731: 1621:Remembering the 1586:Occupation Zones 1439:North-South Axis 1403:Erich Mendelsohn 1376:Great Depression 1248:Bierhaus Siechen 1089:(1873–1937) and 1065:(1871–1929) and 1059:Hotel Fürstenhof 999:Teltower Rübchen 962:Carl Stahl-Urach 866:Schloss Bellevue 672:Unter den Linden 668:North-South Link 643:Dresdner Bahnhof 629:and extended to 623:Anhalter Bahnhof 417:(Potsdam Gate). 411:Potsdamer Straße 276:Brandenburg Gate 261: 260: 259: 253: 248: 207: 200: 189: 182: 178: 175: 169: 164:this article by 155:inline citations 142: 141: 134: 127: 120: 116: 113: 107: 81: 80: 73: 62: 40: 39: 32: 21: 4563: 4562: 4558: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4553: 4552: 4518: 4517: 4508: 4506: 4502: 4499: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4479: 4434: 4415:Orangery Palace 4391: 4375:Tierpark Berlin 4365:Oberbaum Bridge 4343:Köpenick Palace 4338:Karl-Marx-Allee 4311: 4277:Spandau Citadel 4180:Bellevue Palace 4175:Aquarium Berlin 4158: 4149: 4108:Potsdamer Platz 4086:Pergamon Museum 3987:Friedrichstraße 3892: 3886: 3831:Wayback Machine 3814:Potsdamer Platz 3794: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3766:Eric D. 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Kolonnaden 2560:Beisheim Center 2556: 2523:Hotel Esplanade 2495: 2485:(1995-2000) by 2429:Bellevue Palace 2403:and managed by 2354:Mayor of Berlin 2331:Leipziger Platz 2288: 2244: 2229:Berlin Marathon 2218:Regionalbahnhof 2210: 2174: 2155: 2129:border crossing 2113: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2078: 2062: 2051: 2044: 2041: 2032: 2029: 2020: 2017: 2008: 2005: 1996: 1993: 1984: 1981: 1972: 1969: 1960: 1957: 1948: 1945: 1936: 1919:Wings of Desire 1893:(27 May 1965), 1853:Geisterbahnhofe 1840:Hotel Esplanade 1791: 1780: 1774: 1771: 1756: 1740: 1729: 1727:The Berlin Wall 1716:Karl-Marx-Allee 1659: 1619: 1594: 1523: 1416: 1388:war reparations 1300: 1208:Wilhelm Walther 1189:Engelhardt Brau 1153:Karl Liebknecht 1149:Kurt Schwitters 1138:Theodor Fontane 1108:Wittenbergplatz 1037:Hotel Excelsior 1018:Charlie Chaplin 1014:Hotel Esplanade 923: 862:Bellevuestrasse 830:Saarlandstrasse 802:Friedrich Ebert 744: 587: 498:Leipziger Platz 431:Leipziger Platz 376:Philipp Gerlach 364:Friedrichstraße 320: 255: 254: 246: 243:Potsdamer Platz 208: 197: 196: 195: 190: 179: 173: 170: 160:Please help to 159: 143: 139: 128: 117: 111: 108: 101: 82: 78: 41: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4561: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4477: 4476: 4475: 4470: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4439: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4401: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4389: 4388: 4387: 4380:Treptower Park 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4319: 4317: 4316:Eastern Berlin 4313: 4312: 4310: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4297:Victory Column 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4257:Olympiastadion 4254: 4249: 4244: 4242:Kurfürstendamm 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4188: 4187: 4177: 4172: 4166: 4164: 4163:Western Berlin 4160: 4159: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4116: 4115: 4105: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4093: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4071:Nikolaiviertel 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4012: 4011: 4009:Hackesche Höfe 4001: 3999:Gendarmenmarkt 3996: 3995: 3994: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3943:Humboldt Forum 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3914: 3913: 3906:Alexanderplatz 3902: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3885: 3884: 3877: 3870: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3848:Sites of Unity 3838: 3833: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3796:Germany portal 3783: 3782:External links 3780: 3779: 3778: 3768:Weimar Germany 3764: 3750: 3737: 3723: 3705: 3691: 3677: 3663: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3618: 3592: 3567: 3542: 3517: 3491: 3473: 3447: 3442:New York Times 3429: 3424:New York Times 3406: 3401:New York Times 3388: 3383:New York Times 3366: 3361:New York Times 3345: 3331: 3317: 3293: 3279: 3265: 3230: 3221: 3200: 3176: 3155: 3129: 3116: 3090: 3077:/www.h-net.org 3064: 3052:Weimar Germany 3039: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3031: 3026: 3016: 3013: 3009:Giordano Bruno 2950: 2947: 2917:Cultural Forum 2901:Morgan Stanley 2849: 2848: 2829: 2827: 2820: 2814: 2811: 2810: 2809: 2806: 2799: 2797: 2793:Richard Rogers 2790: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2759: 2757: 2751: 2744: 2742: 2736: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2683: 2680: 2666: 2663: 2635:European Union 2625: 2622: 2602:Main article: 2599: 2596: 2579: 2576: 2555: 2552: 2548:Cultural Forum 2505:, designed by 2494: 2491: 2459:Mark di Suvero 2409:Kollhoff Tower 2327:Mall of Berlin 2287: 2284: 2276:Richard Rogers 2243: 2240: 2209: 2206: 2170:Main article: 2154: 2149:Roger Waters' 2147: 2115: 2114: 2065: 2063: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2011: 2009: 2006: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1872:heads of state 1857:ghost stations 1828:Haus Vaterland 1793: 1792: 1743: 1741: 1734: 1728: 1725: 1721:Cultural Forum 1704:Alexanderplatz 1696:Kurfürstendamm 1658: 1655: 1618: 1615: 1610:Western Allies 1593: 1590: 1522: 1519: 1429:Welthauptstadt 1415: 1412: 1324:Hyperinflation 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In 1935 the 806:Weimar Germany 743: 742:Interwar years 740: 666:followed, its 586: 583: 555:Cultural Forum 538:Matthiaskirche 467:Residenzkirche 395:St. Petersburg 380:Wilhelmstrasse 352:Friedrichstadt 319: 316: 264:Potsdam Square 210: 209: 192: 191: 146: 144: 137: 130: 129: 85: 83: 76: 71: 45: 44: 42: 35: 26: 18:Potsdam Square 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4560: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4516: 4513: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4465: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4437: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4394: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4314: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 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2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2445:Weinhaus Huth 2441: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2416: 2414: 2413:Hans Kollhoff 2411:by architect 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2397:Arata Isozaki 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2316: 2308: 2300: 2292: 2283: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2264:Berlin Senate 2260: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2239: 2237: 2236:Weihnachtszug 2232: 2230: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2205: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2189: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2173: 2165: 2164: 2159: 2152: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2141:no man's land 2137: 2132: 2130: 2121: 2111: 2108: 2100: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2076: 2075: 2071: 2066:This section 2064: 2060: 2055: 2054: 2039: 2034: 2027: 2022: 2015: 2010: 2003: 1998: 1991: 1986: 1979: 1974: 1967: 1962: 1955: 1950: 1943: 1938: 1937: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887:Harold Wilson 1884: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1864: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1832:Weinhaus Huth 1829: 1824: 1815: 1807: 1799: 1789: 1786: 1778: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1754: 1753: 1749: 1744:This section 1742: 1738: 1733: 1732: 1724: 1722: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1654: 1652: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1614: 1611: 1603: 1598: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1559: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1535: 1527: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1505:standing for 1504: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1484: 1483:Reichskanzlei 1480: 1476: 1472: 1471:travel agency 1468: 1464: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1430: 1425: 1421: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1372:Martin Wagner 1364: 1359: 1355: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1341: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1316: 1314: 1313:traffic light 1304: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1232:Das Rheingold 1228: 1224: 1223:Bruno Schmitz 1220: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1164:Erich Kästner 1161: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1078:kellermeister 1075: 1074:Weinhaus Huth 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 981:Bar (aka the 980: 976: 972: 967: 963: 959: 954: 952: 948: 944: 940: 932: 927: 922: 917: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 894:Alfred Messel 891: 887: 878: 871: 867: 863: 860: 857: 853: 849: 845: 842: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 818: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 794: 793: 792: 789: 786:in London or 785: 781: 772: 765: 761: 756: 748: 739: 737: 733: 732:street lights 728: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 696: 693: 692:German Empire 683: 679: 677: 673: 669: 665: 660: 655: 652: 646: 644: 638: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 615: 612: 608: 599: 591: 582: 580: 576: 572: 568: 562: 558: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 539: 534: 530: 525: 523: 519: 513: 505: 499: 495: 490: 486: 484: 483:Landwehrkanal 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 450: 448: 447:Leipziger Tor 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 418: 416: 415:Potsdamer Tor 412: 408: 404: 401:, Berlin and 400: 396: 392: 388: 383: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 315: 313: 309: 306:era when the 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 268:public square 265: 258: 252: 244: 237: 232: 224: 216: 206: 203: 188: 185: 177: 174:February 2016 167: 163: 157: 156: 150: 145: 136: 135: 126: 123: 115: 105: 100: 96: 92: 91: 84: 75: 74: 69: 67: 60: 59: 54: 53: 48: 43: 34: 33: 30: 19: 4485: 4370:Stasi Museum 4354:Molecule Man 4352: 4302:Viktoriapark 4217:Hauptbahnhof 4107: 4066:Neues Museum 3992:Tränenpalast 3933:Berliner Dom 3923:Altes Museum 3841: 3767: 3753: 3739: 3726: 3712: 3708: 3694: 3680: 3666: 3652: 3631:. 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Retrieved 3076: 3067: 3051: 3020: 2995: 2983: 2959: 2955:World War II 2952: 2939: 2931: 2925: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2882: 2864: 2842:October 2023 2839: 2831: 2707: 2700: 2685: 2668: 2659:techno music 2647: 2638: 2627: 2609: 2607: 2591: 2581: 2568:Ritz Carlton 2557: 2536: 2520: 2496: 2482: 2478: 2475:Frank Stella 2470: 2462: 2452: 2449:Keith Haring 2442: 2417: 2408: 2401:Rafael Moneo 2388: 2376: 2373:Roman Herzog 2366: 2361: 2351: 2338:Daimler-Benz 2335: 2280: 2261: 2256: 2245: 2235: 2233: 2226: 2217: 2211: 2197:Führerbunker 2185: 2182:Roger Waters 2175: 2161: 2150: 2139: 2135: 2133: 2126: 2103: 2094: 2079:Please help 2067: 1917: 1913: 1907: 1899:Jimmy Carter 1869: 1852: 1836:World War II 1820: 1781: 1772: 1757:Please help 1745: 1681: 1660: 1651:Columbushaus 1647: 1642: 1634: 1631: 1626: 1620: 1607: 1592:The Cold War 1582:black market 1579: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1541: 1521:World War II 1517:took place. 1506: 1502: 1498: 1487: 1475:Runden Platz 1474: 1466: 1459: 1446: 1442: 1435:Albert Speer 1428: 1424:Adolf Hitler 1417: 1395:Columbushaus 1393: 1368: 1363:Columbushaus 1349: 1345:Fifth Avenue 1339: 1336: 1331: 1327: 1321: 1317: 1310: 1298:1920s Berlin 1291: 1260: 1256:Pschorr-Haus 1245: 1230: 1216: 1201: 1197:World War II 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1178: 1167: 1133: 1121: 1117: 1112: 1104:Adolf Hitler 1095:wine storage 1077: 1071: 1056: 1052:Palast Hotel 1041: 1034: 1007: 1003:World War II 998: 955: 936: 883: 798:Ebertstrasse 788:Times Square 777: 729: 697: 689: 656: 647: 639: 637:and beyond. 616: 604: 563: 559: 550: 536: 526: 521: 517: 514: 510: 466: 451: 446: 426: 419: 414: 407:Frederick II 384: 321: 300:World War II 296:Potsdam Gate 263: 242: 241: 198: 180: 171: 152: 118: 109: 102:Please help 98: 87: 63: 56: 50: 49:Please help 46: 29: 4507: / 4458:Spree River 4443:Berlin Wall 4360:Müggelberge 4113:Sony Center 4031:Kulturforum 4016:Hotel Adlon 3982:Fernsehturm 3950:Bode Museum 3911:Weltzeituhr 3667:Berlinwalks 3466:2 September 3374:Alan Riding 3353:Alan Riding 3188:Berlinwalks 3022:80000 Shots 3002:cosmologist 2895:giant (now 2694:during the 2624:Controversy 2610:Kanada Haus 2507:Helmut Jahn 2503:Sony Centre 2342:Renzo Piano 2227:The annual 2097:August 2023 1910:Wim Wenders 1823:Berlin Wall 1775:August 2023 1712:Stalinallee 1706:and turned 1692:West Berlin 1688:East Berlin 1676:martial law 1443:Nordbahnhof 1384:World War I 1352:Jean Kramer 1275:River Spree 1250:, built by 1221:, built by 1185:Café Wiener 1122:Café Eins A 1091:Paul Michel 1067:Josef Moser 1044:Ludwig Heim 1022:Greta Garbo 1010:Otto Rehnig 958:World War I 902:plate glass 838:World War I 764:Berlin Wall 760:West Berlin 709:Paul Wallot 676:Yorckstraße 551:Kulturforum 479:Lennéstraße 308:Berlin Wall 236:Sony Center 166:introducing 106:if you can. 4522:Categories 4495:13°22′35″E 4492:52°30′34″N 4410:New Palace 4348:Uber Arena 4292:Tiergarten 4036:Lustgarten 3972:DDR Museum 3500:"CinemaxX" 3256:|url= 3035:References 2975:trunk line 2645:uniforms. 2540:Norio Ohga 2532:Café Josty 2527:Kaisersaal 2511:Mount Fuji 2487:Jeff Koons 2178:Pink Floyd 2136:death zone 1844:Kaisersaal 1538:Rheingold. 1447:Südbahnhof 1407:Woolworths 1311:The first 1296:See also: 1287:Funkstunde 1267:Otto Stahn 1204:Alt-Bayern 1140:, painter 1114:Café Josty 1030:Kaisersaal 931:Europahaus 914:telephones 910:escalators 569:after the 403:Königsberg 391:Schöneberg 288:Tiergarten 149:references 52:improve it 4453:Landmarks 4430:Sanssouci 4120:Reichstag 3633:3 January 3580:Berlinale 3530:Berlinale 3301:17juni53. 3104:TripSavvy 3083:9 October 3062:, page 43 3006:occultist 2949:Transport 2922:antipathy 2885:Frankfurt 2425:Reichstag 2068:does not 1924:Curt Bois 1746:does not 1714:in 1949, 1663:Communist 1544:air raids 1495:neon sign 1479:Voßstraße 1422:dictator 1273:over the 1227:Wagnerian 1212:Bayernhof 1160:Communist 1157:Spartacus 1102:dictator 979:Wild West 966:Kempinski 906:elevators 780:nightlife 611:Magdeburg 344:Huguenots 280:Reichstag 112:July 2015 58:talk page 3854:), 2022. 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