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789:. Despite this history, they are currently classified as companion dogs by the FCI. Since the late 1980s, some breeders in the United States and Canada have been selecting for dogs with drive for birds in order to revive the breed for hunting, with some success. Poodles are highly trainable dogs that typically excel in obedience training. Historically, they were a popular circus dog. In addition to hunt tests, they do well in
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clipped, leaving tufts on the hocks and tip of the tail and rosettes on the hips. A similar clip was historically used to prevent the poodle from getting weighted down by their fur when swimming to retrieve a bird, while still leaving their joints and vital organs covered. Pet poodles are most often clipped similarly to the
Sporting clip âevenly over their entire body, with the face and paws cut shorter.
716:, an endocrine system disorder. Both diseases became more prevalent in poodles after the 1960s burst in poodle popularity led to rapid breeding aimed at producing good show dogs. The breeding focused on a small number of popular bloodlines, creating a genetic bottleneck. One study estimated that two average Standard Poodles are about as closely related as the offspring of two full sibling
314:, although the Medium Poodle is not universally recognised. They have a distinctive thick, curly coat that comes in many colors and patterns, with only solid colors recognized by breed registries. Poodles are active and intelligent, and are particularly able to learn from humans. Poodles tend to live 10â18 years, with smaller varieties tending to live longer than larger ones.
592:, it is called a "tuxedo" Poodle. An abstract Poodle is primarily solid-coloured, with patches of white. Phantom Poodles have a solid main color with a lighter colour appearing on their "eyebrows", muzzle and throat, legs and feet and below their tail. Phantom Poodles may also have a full face of the secondary color.
433:
Due to their intelligence, obedient nature, athleticism and looks poodles were frequently employed in circuses, particularly in France. In French circuses poodles were selectively bred down in size to create what is now known as the miniature poodle, which was known as the toy poodle until 1907, as a
699:
The life expectancy of the Poodle varies based on size, as smaller dogs live longer than larger dogs. A study in Japan found the Toy Poodle to have a life expectancy of 12.7 years. A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 14 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12
576:
and phantom. Recognized FCI colourations are black, white, brown, gray, fawn, brindle, black&fawn, brown&fawn, bicolor and tricolor. Recognition of multi-colored
Poodles varies by registry. They were common historically, but became less popular in the early 1900s, and are excluded from many
349:â Poodles were the AKC's most registered breed from 1960 to 1982, and are now the FCI's third most registered breed. Poodles are also common at dog shows, where they often sport the popularly recognized Continental clip, with face and rear clipped close, and tufts of hair on the hocks and tail tip.
540:
The FCI and AKC allows
Poodles to be shown in the Puppy, Continental (Lion in the FCI standard), English Saddle, or Sporting (Modern) clip. The FCI additionally recognizes the Scandinavian clip. The most popular in the show ring is the Continental clip, where the face and rear end of the body are
503:
A healthy adult
Standard Poodle typically weighs between 20 and 32 kilograms (44 and 71 lb), a Medium Poodle between 15 and 19 kilograms (33 and 42 lb), a Miniature Poodle between 12 and 14 kilograms (26 and 31 lb) and a Toy Poodle between 6.5 and 7.5 kilograms (14 and 17 lb).
462:. Afterwards, they rapidly gained prominence, becoming the AKC's most registered breed from 1960 to 1982. Since 1935, Poodles have won best in show at Westminster 10 times, the second-most of any breed. As of 2012, the Poodle was the third-most popular FCI registered breed worldwide, after the
437:
The Toy Poodle was created at the beginning of the 20th century when breeders again bred
Miniature Poodles down in size to create a popular companion dog. Initially, these efforts resulted in disfigured or misshapen pups, as well as pups with behavioural problems, as a result of irresponsible
495:
states the
Standard Poodle stands between 45 and 62 centimetres (18 and 24 in), the Medium Poodle between 35 and 45 centimetres (14 and 18 in), the Miniature Poodle between 28 and 35 centimetres (11 and 14 in) and the Toy Poodle 24 and 28 centimetres (9.4 and 11.0 in).
796:
Poodles have been used as working dogs in the military since at least the 17th century, most likely because of their highly intelligent, trainable nature. Their background as a hunting dog makes them suitable to battlefields, and they can be trained to ignore gunfire. During the
457:
The Poodle was recognised by the Kennel Club of the United
Kingdom in 1874, and by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1886, soon after the founding of both clubs. In the United States, poodles were unpopular until 1935, when the Poodle Nunsoe Duc de la Terrace won best in show at
438:
breeding for dwarfed size only. As new breeding practices were adopted, the variety became set as a toy-sized replica of the original. Later attempts to create an even smaller variety, the Teacup Poodle, were unable to overcome serious genetic abnormalities and were abandoned.
1310:
499:
The kennel clubs which do not recognise the Medium Poodle variety typically have the
Standard Poodle between 38 and 60 centimetres (15 and 24 in) and Miniature Poodle between 28 and 38 centimetres (11 and 15 in), with the toy variety remaining unchanged.
434:
smaller sized dog is easier to handle and transport in a travelling circus. As circus performers the variety was frequently seen performing all manner of tricks including walking tightropes, acting out comedies and even performing magic and card tricks.
445:, the Medium Poodle is recognised by the FCI and most Continental European kennel clubs. One of the reasons for creating this fourth size variety may have been a desire to reduce the number of entries of Poodles by variety at
707:
Poodles suffer from a number of hereditary diseases. The Poodle Health
Registry lists over 50 major health disorders of Standard Poodles. Some of the worst common hereditary poodle diseases are the skin disease
690:
by
Stanley Corey ranked them second out of 130 breeds in "working and obedience intelligence", a measure of their ability to learn from humans. Shyness or sharpness is considered a serious fault in the breed.
523:
and dead hair by trapping it in the curls, an individual Poodle may release less dander and hair into the environment. However, researchers have generally not found a difference in allergens across breeds.
1429:
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word "puddeln", meaning "to splash". Numerous works by various German artists from as early as the 17th century depict dogs of recognisably Poodle type. Some cynologists believe the Poodle originated in
417:
Whatever the Poodle's country of origin, both their German and French breed names indicate the modern Poodle's ancestors were widely used by waterfowlers both to retrieve shot game and to recover lost
1593:
279:
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The last of the Poodle varieties to be recognised was the Medium Poodle, which in size is mid way in between the Standard and the Miniature Poodle. Not universally recognised by the world's
758:
2152:
Carotenuto, Gaia; Malerba, Eleonora; Dolfini, Costanza; Brugnoli, Francesca; Giannuzzi, Pasquale; Semprini, Giovanni; Tosolini, Paolo; Fracassi, Federico (19 February 2019).
519:. Their individual hair follicles have an active growth period that is longer than that of many other breeds; combined with the tightly curled coat, which slows the loss of
544:
In most cases, whether a Poodle is in a pet or show clip, the hair is completely brushed out. Poodle hair can also be "corded" with rope-like mats similar to those of a
588:
A parti-Poodle has patches of any other solid colour over a primarily white coat. When a parti-coloured Poodle has black-and-white markings that resemble those of a
2042:"The effect of genetic bottlenecks and inbreeding on the incidence of two major autoimmune diseases in standard poodles, sebaceous adenitis and Addison's disease"
2040:
Pedersen, Niels C.; Brucker, Lynn; Tessier, Natalie Green; Liu, Hongwei; Penedo, Maria Cecilia T.; Hughes, Shayne; Oberbauer, Anita; Sacks, Ben (27 August 2015).
724:
1421:
704:. A 2005 Swedish study found 25% of miniature and toy Poodles died by the age of 10, less than the overall rate of 35% of dogs dying by the age of 10.
1597:
1980:"Mortality in over 350,000 Insured Swedish Dogs from 1995â2000: II. Breed-Specific Age and Survival Patterns and Relative Risk for Causes of Death"
1261:
337:
hunters to retrieve game from water, while smaller varieties were once commonly used as circus performers. Poodles were recognized by both the
389:. Among the evidence used to support this theory is the Germanic name for the breed, Poodle or "Pudel" in German, which is derived from the
1363:
Nicholas, Charlotte E.; Wegienka, Ganesa R.; Havstad, Suzanne L.; Zoratti, Edward M.; Ownby, Dennis R.; Johnson, Christine Cole (2011).
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226:
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1929:
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024).
1805:
Nam, Yunbi; White, Michelle; Karlsson, Elinor K.; Creevy, Kate E.; Promislow, Daniel E. L.; McClelland, Robyn L. (17 January 2024).
1191:"Genetic characterization of healthy and sebaceous adenitis affected Standard Poodles from the United States and the United Kingdom"
556:
are difficult to keep clean and take a long time to dry after washing. Corded Poodles may be shown in all major kennel club shows.
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581:(AKC) recognizes Poodles in either solid-coloured and multi-colored coats; however, only solid-colored poodles may compete in
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2376:
2350:
2297:
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2209:
Oliver, James A.C.; Mellersh, Cathryn S. (2020). "Genetics". In Cooper, Barbara; Mullineaux, Elizabeth; Turner, Lynn (eds.).
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Poodles have thick, curly coats with harsh fur. A pet owner can anticipate grooming a Poodle every four to eight weeks.
3524:
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345:(AKC) soon after the clubs' founding. Since the mid-20th century, Poodles have enjoyed enormous popularity as pets and
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wrote in his memoirs about the faithfulness of a grenadier's pet Poodle who stayed with the body of his master at the
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1807:"Dog size and patterns of disease history across the canine age spectrum: Results from the Dog Aging Project"
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398:, where it is known as the "Caniche" and that the breed descends from the Barbet. This view is shared by the
219:
1773:
The intelligence of dogs : a guide to the thoughts, emotions, and inner lives or our canine companions
202:
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31:
17:
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The Poodle has a wide variety of colouring, including white, black, brown, blue, gray, silver,
553:
491:
The Poodle is an active, athletic breed with the varieties differing mostly by size. The FCI's
333:. Similar dogs date back to at least the 17th century. Larger Poodles were originally used by
184:
White, fawn, brown, grey, black, brindle, black&fawn, brown&fawn, bicolor and tricolor
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8:
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2421:
2154:"Cushing's syndromeâan epidemiological study based on a canine population of 21,281 dogs"
1519:
1442:
How hypoallergenic the dog is may vary with the individual dog and the individual person.
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382:
231:
1963:
1930:
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2014:
1979:
1906:
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1365:"Dog allergen levels in homes with hypoallergenic compared with nonhypoallergenic dogs"
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2009:
1991:
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1942:
1901:
1885:
1874:"Estimating the life expectancy of companion dogs in Japan using pet cemetery data"
1844:
1826:
1392:
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1339:
Your Poodle's Life: Your Complete Guide to Raising Your Pet from Puppy to Companion
1202:
411:
1614:
1095:. North Pomfret, VT: Trafalgar Square Publishing. pp. 295â297 & 526â529.
777:
402:(FCI, International Canine Federation). Others argue that the breed originated in
3699:
3694:
3594:
3584:
3481:
3384:
3349:
3213:
3118:
3103:
2979:
2969:
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1831:
1640:"Breed Standards : Multi-Colored Standard Poodle | United Kennel Club (UKC)"
532:
467:
83:
74:
3554:
924:
The dog: the most complete, illustrated, practical guide to dogs and their world
568:, silver beige, cream, apricot, and red, and patterns such as parti-, abstract,
565:
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3574:
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3389:
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1946:
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58:
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2067:
2005:
1996:
1954:
1897:
1840:
1388:
1216:
862:
422:
38:
2213:(Sixth ed.). British Small Animal Veterinary Association. p. 131.
1791:
1594:"United Kennel Club: Standard Poodle Breed Standard. Retrieved May 12, 2007"
1240:"Madame Poodle: Hayes Blake Hoyt Helped Create the Modern Sculpted Show Dog"
470:, with 118,653 new dogs registered per year from the 25 countries surveyed.
3659:
3614:
3471:
3417:
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3143:
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2974:
2839:
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2195:
2085:
2023:
1915:
1858:
1406:
1224:
828:
378:
247:
2381:
552:. Though once as common as the curly Poodle, corded Poodles are now rare.
369:, from a dog similar to today's Standard Poodle. The Poodle was Germany's
3684:
3644:
2954:
2895:
2859:
2411:
2368:
1889:
1046:. Ramsbury, Marlborough: The Crowood Press Ltd. pp. 33 & 37â38.
1009:
889:
848:
790:
717:
569:
459:
442:
366:
1545:
1189:
Pedersen, N. C.; Liu, H.; McLaughlin, B.; Sacks, B. N. (18 April 2012).
3634:
3462:
3452:
3268:
3009:
3004:
2984:
2849:
2692:
2511:
2416:
2169:
1311:"Registration figures worldwide â from top thirty to endangered breeds"
728:
549:
390:
386:
3669:
3639:
2666:
1978:
Egenvall, A; Bonnett, Bn; Hedhammar, Ă„; Olson, P (30 September 2005).
723:
The Poodle is predisposed to the following dermatological conditions:
3664:
3404:
3288:
3258:
2959:
2890:
2605:
2289:
Canine Commandos: The Heroism, Devotion, and Sacrifice of Dogs in War
1690:
806:
483:
370:
295:
291:
3689:
2994:
2989:
2964:
1931:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
894:
736:
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Poodles are a highly intelligent, energetic, and sociable breed. A
545:
407:
346:
334:
326:
37:"Caniche" redirects here. For the archaeological site in Peru, see
3569:
3533:
3331:
2910:
2882:
2755:
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573:
365:
Most cynologists believe the Poodle originated in Germany in the
318:
100:
2151:
3730:
3263:
3085:
3072:
2796:
2615:
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and rally. They are among the most popular service dog breeds.
589:
520:
403:
395:
330:
104:
2127:
Rhodes, Karen Helton; Werner, Alexander H. (25 January 2011).
1362:
298:. The breed is divided into four varieties based on size, the
2763:
2129:
Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion
1977:
418:
1928:
3502:
2102:
Hnilica, Keith A.; Patterson, Adam P. (19 September 2016).
766:
757:
The Poodle is one of the more commonly affected breeds for
3041:
1188:
1163:. New York: Thomas Y. Cromwell Company. pp. 377â381.
1044:
Gundogs: their past, their performance and their prospects
1016:. New York: DK Publishing. pp. 68â69, 190 & 282.
3679:
2039:
1872:
INOUE, Mai; KWAN, Nigel C. L.; SUGIURA, Katsuaki (2018).
809:
who would ride into battle with his master on horseback.
325:(FCI, International Canine Federation) and a minority of
30:
This article is about the dog breed. For other uses, see
1884:(7). Japanese Society of Veterinary Science: 1153â1158.
1804:
1093:
Dogs: the ultimate dictionary of over 1,000 dog breeds
967:. Bath: Parragon Books Ltd. pp. 131 & 354.
824:
769:
gene is responsible for the condition in the breed.
1817:(1). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e0295840.
3743:
2101:
1871:
926:. London: New Burlington Books. pp. 87â88.
2753:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
731:or follicular arrest, injection site alopecia,
2358:
2208:
2097:
2095:
1941:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
1286:"The Poodle Paradox: History Behind a Haircut"
3518:
3057:
2739:
2344:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
914:
912:
910:
2131:. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 148.
2126:
1505:
285:
262:
2092:
1369:American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
1161:The encyclopedia of dogs: the canine breeds
162:Miniature: 4.5â7 kg (9.9â15.4 lb)
3525:
3511:
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3050:
2746:
2732:
2351:
2337:
1609:
1607:
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907:
57:
2285:
2185:
2075:
2057:
2013:
1995:
1962:
1905:
1848:
1830:
1396:
1206:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1083:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1520:"FCI-Standard N° 172 - Poodle (Caniche)"
1279:
1277:
1275:
1262:"AKC Registration Statistics Fact Sheet"
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1004:
959:
918:
776:
536:Miniature Poodle with a Continental clip
531:
482:
356:
139:Miniature: 28â35 cm (11â14 in)
2259:
1604:
1451:
1158:
1041:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
156:Standard: 20â32 kg (44â71 lb)
133:Standard: 45â62 cm (18â24 in)
14:
3744:
1540:
1538:
1336:Guidry, Virginia Parker (5 May 2010).
1335:
1147:
1087:
1030:
3600:English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)
3506:
3045:
2727:
2332:
2241:from the original on 11 December 2014
2035:
2033:
1878:Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
1769:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1566:
1528:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1419:
1272:
1237:
1132:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1060:
1008:
527:
400:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
323:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
271:
227:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
142:Toy: 24â28 cm (9.4â11.0 in)
136:Medium: 35â45 cm (14â18 in)
2457:Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Orange
2237:. Denverpost.com. 19 February 2008.
2211:BSAVA Textbook of Veterinary Nursing
1432:from the original on 30 January 2009
1184:
1182:
1180:
981:
361:A 17th-century engraving of a Poodle
159:Medium: 9â13 kg (20â29 lb)
3709:
3654:
1586:
1535:
640:Brown Standard Poodle at five weeks
24:
3322:Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
2452:Grand Anglo-Français Blanc et Noir
2030:
1705:
1632:
1473:
1454:"The Myth of the Allergy-Free Dog"
1452:Bakalar, Nicholas (11 July 2011).
1329:
1109:
165:Toy: 2â3 kg (4.4â6.6 lb)
25:
3793:
3767:Dog breeds originating in Germany
2310:
2262:"Most Popular Service Dog Breeds"
1691:"Parti Poodles: Full Breed Guide"
1420:Grady, Denise (5 February 1997).
1283:
1238:Flaim, Denise (15 October 2019).
1177:
785:Poodles were originally bred for
772:
759:progressive rod-cone degeneration
452:
339:Kennel Club of the United Kingdom
3762:Dog breeds originating in France
2377:Anglo-Français de Petite Vénerie
2316:
2046:Canine Genetics and Epidemiology
1208:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2012.01876.x
869:
855:
841:
827:
712:(estimated prevalence 2.7%) and
669:
657:
645:
633:
621:
609:
597:
428:
317:The Poodle likely originated in
2279:
2253:
2227:
2202:
2145:
2120:
2106:. St. Louis (Miss.): Saunders.
1971:
1922:
1865:
1798:
1763:
1737:
1683:
1657:
1560:
1445:
1422:"Nonallergenic Dog? Not Really"
1413:
1356:
1303:
1254:
2462:Grand Anglo-Français Tricolore
2437:Chien Français Blanc et Orange
2260:Bauhaus, Jean (15 July 2021).
1717:Ewing, Susan M. (4 May 2011).
1665:"Multi-Colored Poodle History"
1615:"Poodle Dog Breed Information"
1231:
681:
473:
13:
1:
3580:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
3244:Slovakian Roughhaired Pointer
1984:Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
1124:"FCI-Standard N° 172: Poodle"
900:
746:The Poodle is predisposed to
515:Poodles are often cited as a
478:
3532:
2497:Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen
2467:Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen
2432:Chien Français Blanc et Noir
1832:10.1371/journal.pone.0295840
425:that had missed their mark.
109:
7:
3274:Wirehaired Pointing Griffon
3071:
2590:Wirehaired Pointing Griffon
1569:"How to Cord a Poodle Coat"
1014:The encyclopedia of the dog
820:
10:
3798:
3189:Irish Red and White Setter
3174:German Shorthaired Pointer
3169:German Roughhaired Pointer
2815:German Shorthaired Pointer
2810:German Roughhaired Pointer
1947:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
1492:The Poodle Club of America
1159:Fiorone, Fiorenzo (1973).
803:Prince Rupert of the Rhine
559:
373:, just as England had the
352:
36:
29:
3723:
3540:
3461:
3403:
3330:
3287:
3179:German Wirehaired Pointer
3164:German Longhaired Pointer
3079:
3023:
2942:
2909:
2881:
2858:
2825:German Wirehaired Pointer
2805:German Longhaired Pointer
2795:
2762:
2680:
2634:
2598:
2520:
2487:Griffon Fauve de Bretagne
2367:
2286:Cawthorne, Nigel (2012).
2059:10.1186/s40575-015-0026-5
1749:United Poodle Association
1723:. John Wiley & Sons.
1669:United Poodle Association
1381:10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3606
694:
329:believe it originated in
241:
230:
225:
218:
213:
206:
201:
196:
192:
183:
180:
175:
172:
152:
149:
129:
126:
121:
117:
96:
65:
56:
51:
3550:Australian Silky Terrier
3360:English Springer Spaniel
3297:Chesapeake Bay Retriever
2482:Griffon Bleu de Gascogne
2442:Chien Français Tricolore
2402:Basset Fauve de Bretagne
2104:Small Animal Dermatology
1997:10.1186/1751-0147-46-121
1776:. New York: Free Press.
965:The encyclopedia of dogs
781:Poodle retrieving a duck
517:hypoallergenic dog breed
385:and the Netherlands the
3340:American Cocker Spaniel
2873:Old German herding dogs
2787:Westphalian Dachsbracke
2772:Bavarian Mountain Hound
2698:Grand Fauve de Bretagne
2427:Briquet Griffon Vendéen
2397:Basset Bleu de Gascogne
2392:Basset Artésien Normand
2235:"Poodles ready to hunt"
2158:Open Veterinary Journal
1770:Coren, Stanley (1994).
1042:Hancock, David (2013).
616:Apricot and red Poodles
507:
203:Société Centrale Canine
32:Poodle (disambiguation)
3705:Toy Manchester Terrier
3413:American Water Spaniel
3395:Welsh Springer Spaniel
3355:English Cocker Spaniel
3302:Curly-coated Retriever
2502:Petit Bleu de Gascogne
2472:Grand Bleu de Gascogne
1548:. American Kennel Club
1242:. American Kennel Club
782:
676:Miniature parti-Poodle
537:
488:
362:
286:
263:
87:
78:
3477:English Water Spaniel
3307:Flat-coated Retriever
3114:Braque du Bourbonnais
2621:Pyrenean Mountain Dog
2550:Braque du Bourbonnais
2477:Grand Griffon Vendéen
1573:Dog Grooming Tutorial
1567:Zsolt (9 July 2015).
780:
725:allergic skin disease
535:
487:Black Standard Poodle
486:
375:English Water Spaniel
360:
215:The Royal Kennel Club
197:Kennel club standards
3630:King Charles Spaniel
3443:Portuguese Water Dog
3423:Cantabrian Water Dog
3380:Pont-Audemer Spaniel
3124:Braque Saint-Germain
3099:Blue Picardy Spaniel
2754:Dogs originating in
2580:Pont-Audemer Spaniel
2560:Braque Saint-Germain
2535:Blue Picardy Spaniel
2359:Dogs originating in
2325:at Wikimedia Commons
2266:American Kennel Club
1890:10.1292/jvms.17-0384
1745:"Poodle Coat Colors"
1619:American Kennel Club
1600:on 11 November 2006.
1488:"AKC Breed Standard"
1290:American Kennel Club
652:Mature silver Poodle
579:American Kennel Club
343:American Kennel Club
3590:Chinese Crested Dog
3492:Tweed Water Spaniel
3487:Old Spanish Pointer
3428:Irish Water Spaniel
3249:Small MĂŒnsterlĂ€nder
3239:Saint-Usuge Spaniel
3199:Large MĂŒnsterlĂ€nder
3149:Drentse Patrijshond
2950:American Eskimo Dog
2901:Miniature Schnauzer
2845:Small MĂŒnsterlĂ€nder
2830:Large MĂŒnsterlĂ€nder
2585:Saint-Usuge Spaniel
2447:Gascon Saintongeois
2422:Briquet de Provence
1823:2024PLoSO..1995840N
1720:Poodles For Dummies
763:autosomal recessive
383:Irish Water Spaniel
3650:Miniature Pinscher
3610:Griffon Bruxellois
3317:Labrador Retriever
3229:Portuguese Pointer
3219:Perdigueiro Galego
3204:Old Danish Pointer
3015:Standard Schnauzer
2929:Miniature Pinscher
2703:King's White Hound
2545:Braque de l'Ariege
2170:10.4314/ovj.v9i1.5
1935:Scientific Reports
1426:The New York Times
885:List of dog breeds
811:Napoleon Bonaparte
783:
752:Cushing's syndrome
741:sebaceous adenitis
710:sebaceous adenitis
538:
528:Clips and grooming
489:
464:Labrador Retriever
447:conformation shows
363:
3739:
3738:
3715:Yorkshire Terrier
3620:Italian Greyhound
3500:
3499:
3448:Spanish Water Dog
3433:Lagotto Romagnolo
3279:Wirehaired Vizsla
3109:Braque d'Auvergne
3039:
3038:
2721:
2720:
2652:Dogue de Bordeaux
2626:Pyrenean Sheepdog
2540:Braque d'Auvergne
2492:Griffon Nivernais
2321:Media related to
2299:978-1-61243-055-3
2292:. Ulysses Press.
2220:978-1-910-44339-2
2138:978-0-8138-1596-1
2113:978-0-323-37651-8
1783:978-0-7432-8087-7
1751:. 5 February 2018
1730:978-1-118-06812-0
1349:978-0-307-54998-3
1268:on 13 April 2011.
1170:978-0-690-00056-6
1135:. 23 January 2015
1102:978-1-57076-219-2
1053:978-1-84797-492-1
1023:978-0-7566-6004-8
974:978-1-4454-0853-8
933:978-0-948872-13-6
815:Battle of Marengo
799:English Civil War
787:waterfowl hunting
714:Addisonâs disease
273:[ËpuËdlÌ©]
255:
254:
237:
236:
188:
187:
113:
16:(Redirected from
3789:
3655:Miniature Poodle
3527:
3520:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3312:Golden Retriever
3254:Spinone Italiano
3066:
3059:
3052:
3043:
3042:
2748:
2741:
2734:
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2724:
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2028:
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2017:
1999:
1975:
1969:
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1714:
1703:
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1698:
1693:. 4 January 2021
1687:
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1680:
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1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1596:. Archived from
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1542:
1533:
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1327:
1326:
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1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1281:
1270:
1269:
1264:. Archived from
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1210:
1186:
1175:
1174:
1156:
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1128:
1120:
1107:
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1085:
1058:
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1039:
1028:
1027:
1006:
979:
978:
957:
938:
937:
916:
879:
874:
873:
872:
865:
860:
859:
858:
851:
846:
845:
837:
832:
831:
765:mutation in the
673:
661:
649:
637:
625:
613:
601:
577:registries. The
412:Northwest Africa
308:Miniature Poodle
290:in French, is a
289:
283:
282:
281:
275:
270:
266:
250:
244:
194:
193:
119:
118:
107:
68:
61:
49:
48:
21:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3719:
3700:Toy Fox Terrier
3695:Tibetan Spaniel
3595:Coton de Tulear
3536:
3531:
3501:
3496:
3482:Norfolk Spaniel
3457:
3399:
3385:Russian Spaniel
3350:Clumber Spaniel
3326:
3283:
3214:Picardy Spaniel
3139:Ca MĂš MallorquĂ
3119:Braque Français
3104:Bracco Italiano
3083:
3075:
3070:
3040:
3035:
3019:
2980:Giant Schnauzer
2970:German Pinscher
2938:
2905:
2877:
2868:German Shepherd
2854:
2791:
2758:
2752:
2722:
2717:
2676:
2630:
2594:
2575:Picardy Spaniel
2555:Braque Francais
2516:
2363:
2357:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2207:
2203:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2100:
2093:
2038:
2031:
1976:
1972:
1927:
1923:
1870:
1866:
1803:
1799:
1784:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1715:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1671:. 29 March 2018
1663:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1644:www.ukcdogs.com
1638:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1565:
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1544:
1543:
1536:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1506:
1496:
1494:
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1485:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1450:
1446:
1435:
1433:
1418:
1414:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1317:. 14 April 2017
1309:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1284:Flaim, Denise.
1282:
1273:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1236:
1232:
1195:Tissue Antigens
1187:
1178:
1171:
1157:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1110:
1103:
1089:Morris, Desmond
1086:
1061:
1054:
1040:
1031:
1024:
1007:
982:
975:
961:Alderton, David
958:
941:
934:
920:Alderton, David
917:
908:
903:
875:
870:
868:
861:
856:
854:
847:
840:
833:
826:
823:
775:
697:
684:
677:
674:
665:
664:Phantom Poodles
662:
653:
650:
641:
638:
629:
626:
617:
614:
605:
602:
562:
530:
510:
481:
476:
468:German Shepherd
455:
431:
355:
321:, although the
300:Standard Poodle
277:
276:
268:
246:
242:
168:
145:
92:
66:
47:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3795:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3757:Companion dogs
3754:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3675:Pomeranian dog
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3605:French Bulldog
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3575:Boston Terrier
3572:
3567:
3562:
3560:Biewer Terrier
3557:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3530:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3507:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3468:
3466:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3390:Sussex Spaniel
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3370:German Spaniel
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3345:Boykin Spaniel
3342:
3336:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3209:PachĂłn Navarro
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3159:French Spaniel
3156:
3154:English Setter
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3134:Burgos Pointer
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3094:AriĂšge Pointer
3090:
3088:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
3000:KromfohrlÀnder
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2924:Biewer Terrier
2921:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2878:
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2875:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2820:German Spaniel
2817:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2657:French Bulldog
2654:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2570:French Spaniel
2567:
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2557:
2552:
2547:
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2537:
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2459:
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2419:
2414:
2409:
2407:Beagle-Harrier
2404:
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2379:
2373:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2355:
2348:
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2312:
2311:External links
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1459:New York Times
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1375:(4): 252â256.
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877:Germany portal
866:
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835:Animals portal
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807:hunting Poodle
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733:otitis externa
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3565:Bolognese dog
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304:Medium Poodle
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39:Kanichi, Peru
33:
19:
3727:
3660:Papillon dog
3615:Havanese dog
3555:Bichon Frisé
3472:Braque Dupuy
3437:
3234:Pudelpointer
3194:Irish Setter
3144:Cesky Fousek
2975:German Spitz
2860:Herding dogs
2840:Pudelpointer
2834:
2777:German Hound
2713:Talbot Hound
2708:Norman Hound
2688:Braque Dupuy
2671:
2642:Bichon Frise
2387:Artois Hound
2288:
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2265:
2255:
2243:. Retrieved
2229:
2210:
2204:
2164:(1): 27â32.
2161:
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1938:
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1814:
1810:
1800:
1772:
1765:
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1748:
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1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1668:
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1643:
1634:
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1618:
1598:the original
1588:
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1572:
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1526:
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1491:
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1289:
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1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1233:
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1198:
1194:
1160:
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1130:
1092:
1043:
1013:
1010:Fogle, Bruce
964:
923:
795:
784:
756:
745:
722:
718:village dogs
706:
698:
685:
628:Black Poodle
587:
583:conformation
566:café au lait
563:
554:Corded coats
543:
539:
514:
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443:kennel clubs
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364:
316:
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299:
258:
256:
248:domestic dog
43:
3685:Russkiy Toy
3645:Maltese dog
2896:Jagdterrier
2369:Scenthounds
2271:20 February
2245:11 December
1649:22 November
1624:20 February
1578:24 November
1497:20 February
1465:20 February
1321:20 February
890:Labradoodle
849:Dogs portal
702:crossbreeds
682:Temperament
474:Description
460:Westminster
367:Middle Ages
327:cynologists
267:in German (
67:Other names
3782:Water dogs
3772:FCI breeds
3746:Categories
3710:Toy Poodle
3635:Lhasa Apso
3453:Wetterhoun
3405:Water dogs
3289:Retrievers
3269:Weimaraner
3010:Rottweiler
3005:Leonberger
2985:Great Dane
2934:Pomeranian
2883:Earth dogs
2850:Weimaraner
2693:Chien-gris
2512:Porcelaine
2417:Bloodhound
1697:7 November
1552:7 February
1315:DogWellNet
1246:31 January
901:References
729:alopecia X
550:dreadlocks
479:Appearance
391:Low German
387:Wetterhoun
312:Toy Poodle
284:) and the
3665:Pekingese
3585:Chihuahua
3259:Stabyhoun
2960:Dobermann
2891:Dachshund
2606:Beauceron
2382:Ariégeois
2178:2218-6050
2068:2052-6687
2052:(1): 14.
2006:1751-0147
1955:2045-2322
1898:0916-7250
1841:1932-6203
1389:1945-8924
1342:. Crown.
1217:0001-2815
688:1994 book
548:or human
371:water dog
347:show dogs
296:water dog
46:Dog breed
27:Dog breed
3752:Toy dogs
3690:Shih Tzu
3534:Toy dogs
3332:Spaniels
3129:Brittany
3081:Pointers
2995:Keeshond
2990:Hovawart
2965:Eurasier
2911:Toy dogs
2662:Papillon
2565:Brittany
2522:Gun dogs
2507:Poitevin
2239:Archived
2196:31086762
2086:26401342
2024:16261925
1964:10834484
1916:29798968
1859:38232117
1850:10793924
1811:PLOS ONE
1792:61461866
1546:"Poodle"
1436:21 April
1430:Archived
1407:21819763
1225:22512808
1139:21 March
1091:(2001).
1012:(2009).
963:(2008).
922:(1987).
895:Cockapoo
821:See also
737:melanoma
546:Komondor
408:Piedmont
341:and the
335:wildfowl
232:standard
220:standard
208:standard
3777:Gundogs
3670:PhalĂšne
3640:Löwchen
3570:Bolonka
3463:Extinct
3224:Pointer
3086:setters
3073:Gundogs
3024:Extinct
2797:Gundogs
2756:Germany
2681:Extinct
2667:PhalĂšne
2647:Cursinu
2187:6500859
2077:4579369
2015:1624818
1907:6068313
1819:Bibcode
1755:9 April
1675:9 April
1398:3680143
1295:3 April
791:agility
574:brindle
560:Colours
353:History
319:Germany
287:Caniche
269:German:
110:history
101:Germany
88:Caniche
18:Poodles
3731:Bichon
3728:Types:
3465:breeds
3438:Poodle
3418:Barbet
3264:Vizsla
2943:Others
2835:Poodle
2764:Hounds
2672:Poodle
2616:Briard
2530:Barbet
2361:France
2323:Poodle
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739:, and
695:Health
590:tuxedo
521:dander
419:arrows
404:Russia
396:France
379:Barbet
331:France
259:Poodle
181:Colour
150:Weight
127:Height
122:Traits
105:France
97:Origin
84:French
75:German
52:Poodle
2955:Boxer
2635:Other
2412:Billy
1990:(3).
1523:(PDF)
1127:(PDF)
761:. An
570:sable
423:bolts
292:breed
264:Pudel
176:Curly
108:(see
79:Pudel
3084:and
2294:ISBN
2273:2022
2247:2014
2215:ISBN
2192:PMID
2174:ISSN
2133:ISBN
2108:ISBN
2082:PMID
2064:ISSN
2020:PMID
2002:ISSN
1951:ISSN
1912:PMID
1894:ISSN
1855:PMID
1837:ISSN
1788:OCLC
1778:ISBN
1757:2022
1725:ISBN
1699:2023
1677:2022
1651:2022
1626:2022
1580:2022
1554:2021
1499:2022
1467:2022
1438:2011
1403:PMID
1385:ISSN
1344:ISBN
1323:2022
1297:2022
1248:2023
1221:PMID
1213:ISSN
1165:ISBN
1141:2021
1097:ISBN
1048:ISBN
1018:ISBN
969:ISBN
928:ISBN
767:PRCD
750:and
700:for
508:Coat
466:and
421:and
310:and
257:The
173:Coat
3680:Pug
2182:PMC
2166:doi
2072:PMC
2054:doi
2010:PMC
1992:doi
1959:PMC
1943:doi
1902:PMC
1886:doi
1845:PMC
1827:doi
1393:PMC
1377:doi
1203:doi
410:or
294:of
243:Dog
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