1463:
1478:
553:
31:
695:
763:, Robertson declares polyethnicity as an ideal that only lessens each culture. He believes that, within a polyethnic culture, the nation or region as a whole is less capable of cultural culmination than each of the individual ethnicities that make it up. Essentially, polyethnicity promotes the dilution of ethnicity and thus hinders each ethnicity in all aspects of culture.
489:. The diverse population and the rural areas throughout the nation made it nearly impossible to create a strong centralized state, but it was eventually accomplished through political evolution. Prior to 1974, nationalism was discussed only within radical student groups, but by the late 20th century, the issue had come to the forefront of political debate.
672:(laws banning interracial marriages) were abolished in the United States in 1967 and now it is estimated that one-fifth of the population in the United States by 2050 will be part of the polyethnic population. In 2000, self-identified Multiracial Americans numbered 6.8 million or 2.4% of the population.
703:
Presently, most armed forces are composed of people from different ethnic backgrounds. They are considered to be polyethnic due to the differences in race, ethnicity, language or background. While there are many examples of polyethnic forces, the most prominent are among the largest armed forces in
195:, and Canada). Ethnic parties in these polyethnic regions are not anti-state but instead seek maximum power within this state. Many polyethnic countries face that dilemma with their policy decisions. The following nations and regions are just a few specific examples of this dilemma and its effects:
680:
Asians and
Latinos have much higher rates of interethnic marriages than do blacks, and they are more likely to report polyethnicity than blacks who more often claim a single ethnicity and racial identity. This is the case, the authors argue, because blacks have a "legacy of slavery," a history of
2048:
698:
Maj. Gen. William B. Garrett III, commander of U.S. Army Africa, Gen. Nyakayirima Aronda, Chief of
Defense Forces, Ugandan People's Defense Force and Gen. Jeremiah Kianga, Chief of General Staff, Kenya, render honors during the opening ceremony for Natural Fire 10, Kitgum, Uganda, Oct. 16,
639:
population of the region arose from regional variations of cultural and linguistic groups. Immigrant minorities, especially the
Chinese, then developed as well. Although there were extreme political differences for each minority and religion, they were still legitimate members of political
110:
has spurred some arguments against it, which include a belief that it leads to the weakening of each society's strengths, and also a belief that political-ethnic issues in countries with polyethnic populations are better handled with different laws for certain ethnicities.
319:," a term more recently coined in contrast to the "melting pot" metaphor and emphasizing those groups' retention of fundamentally distinct identities despite their proximity to each other and their influence on the overall culture that all of those groups inhabit.
675:
While the number of interethnic marriages is on the rise, there are certain ethnic groups that have been found more likely to become polyethnic and recognize themselves with more than one ethnic background. Bhavani
Arabandi states in his article on polyethnicity
186:
The idea of nationalism being social instead of ethnic entails a variety of culture, a shared sense of identity and a community not based on descent. Culturally-plural states vary constitutionally between a decentralized and unitary state (such as the
2052:
786:, to live on the edges of governance. These are ethnic groups that would prefer to retain their ethnic identity and thus prefer separatist policies for themselves, as they do not require them to conform to policies for all ethnicities of the nation.
515:
It was still impossible to create a central government holding all power and so the central government was torn. It now presides over ethnically-based regional states, and each ethnic state is granted the right to establish its own government with
350:
The biggest debates are over bilingual education for language minority students, the availability of non-English ballots and election materials and whether or not
English is the official language. It has evolved into an
544:'s brother. Because they were under the control of French rule, the Spanish formed coalitions of ethnic groups to reclaim their own political representation to replace the French political system, which had lost power.
346:
the
Spanish speaking population exceeds 40%. Disputes have emerged over language policy, since a sizeable part of the population, and in many areas the majority of the population, speak Spanish as a native language.
635:
Significant long-distance labor migration that occurred during the late 19th century and the early 20th century provided many different types of ethnic diversity. Relations between the
2190:
508:
broke apart, lost its aid from the
Soviets; the Derg government later collapsed. Eventually, Ethiopia restabilized and adopted a modern political system that models a
1974:
745:
135:
for societies to be composed of different ethnic groups. McNeill argued that the ideal of homogeneous societies may have grown between 1750 and 1920 in
737:
770:, Thomson points out the benefits in some level (albeit small) of separatist policies. He argues the benefits of allowing ethnic groups, like the
2194:
1731:
1937:
Identity and
Territorial Autonomy in Plural Societies: "Internal Unit Demarcation and National Identity: India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka"
2709:
355:
between the pluralists who support bilingualism and linguistic access and the assimilationists who strongly oppose this and lead the
171:
within their country and the identity of the nation as a whole. Nationalism also plays a large part in these political debates, as
2641:
1701:
1552:
462:
identical but linguistically and ethnically different parties. The political crisis has grown so bad in recent years that the
1780:
1534:
Identity and
Territorial Autonomy in Plural Societies: "Identity, Ethnicity, and the State in Spain: 19th and 20th Centuries"
1453:
451:
3167:
2069:
Identity and
Territorial Autonomy in Plural Societies: "The Political Demands of Isolated Indian Bands in British Columbia"
2646:
2233:
1811:
American Review of Sociology: America's Changing Color Lines: Immigration, Race/Ethnicity, and Multiracial Identification
504:
and rejecting compromise over any nationality issues. In the 1980s, Ethiopia suffered a series of famines and, after the
413:
409:
389:
404:
wish to gain independence from Canada as a whole, based on ethnic and linguistic boundaries. The main separatist party,
2626:
2621:
2602:
2597:
2584:
106:
having very low levels (and more specifically, a sense of homogeneity). The amount of polyethnicity prevalent in some
2156:
2133:
2114:
2095:
2076:
2038:
2019:
1998:
1963:
1944:
1909:
1886:
1867:
1848:
1829:
1799:
1761:
1690:
1671:
1636:
1541:
1522:
1434:
315:," a term used to emphasize the degree to which constituent groups influence and are influenced by each other, or a "
2695:
2651:
2631:
736:
There are also arguments against polyethnicity, as well as the assimilation of ethnicities in polyethnic regions.
2690:
2610:
640:
communities, and there has been a significant amount of unity throughout history. This differs from both nearby
338:
speakers, in the past centuries and have become a significant minority and even a majority in many areas of the
2820:
2656:
509:
231:
120:
17:
1494:
416:) and failed by a narrow margin of 1.2% in 1995. Since then, in order to remain united, Canada granted Quebec
67:
Same terms may also relate to the ability and willingness of individuals to identify themselves with multiple
2733:
2680:
2670:
2636:
417:
255:
1578:
396:. Canada holds both French and English as official languages. The politics in Quebec are largely defined by
87:
and post-war land-divisions. This has had many political and social implications on countries and regions.
2785:
2685:
2480:
2360:
1920:
1708:
1474:
2703:
2675:
339:
316:
2088:
The Ethiopian revolution, 1974-1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy
3224:
2751:
2465:
1469:
1735:
492:
Ethiopia was forced to modernize their political system to properly handle nationalism debates. The
2840:
1664:
Ethnic armies: polyethnic armed forces from the time of the Habsburgs to the age of the superpowers
401:
2722:
2714:
2559:
2226:
1582:
826:
669:
447:
708:. Polyethnic armed forces are not a new phenomenon since multi-ethnic forces existed during the
2960:
2860:
2303:
713:
2985:
2770:
2664:
2271:
533:
356:
124:
1612:
536:
took place in a multicultural Spain. Spain, at the time, was then under the control of King
27:
Presence of multiple ethnicities in a society or an identification with multiple ethnicities
3198:
3122:
3030:
2855:
2738:
2490:
2460:
2455:
2293:
2288:
2281:
1597:
821:
717:
668:
An increase in intermarriage in the United States has led to the blurring of ethnic lines.
497:
463:
405:
311:
is a nation founded by different ethnicities frequently described as coming together in a "
76:
56:
that are characterized by social proximity and mutual interaction of people from different
724:
was one of the first modern militaries to begin ethnic integration, by order of President
369:
national language and is spoken by the overwhelming majority of the country's population.
71:. It occurs when multiple ethnicities inhabit a given area, specifically through means of
8:
3162:
3065:
3060:
2947:
2865:
2485:
2276:
841:
486:
275:
84:
2167:
3219:
3045:
3005:
3000:
2905:
2845:
2790:
2475:
2370:
2323:
2298:
2266:
2219:
1898:
1511:
636:
541:
501:
172:
123:
gave a series of three lectures on polyethnicity in ancient and modern cultures at the
3127:
3040:
3025:
3010:
2970:
2965:
2955:
2890:
2775:
2765:
2495:
2152:
2145:
2129:
2110:
2091:
2072:
2034:
2015:
2009:
1994:
1959:
1940:
1905:
1882:
1863:
1844:
1825:
1819:
1795:
1776:
1757:
1751:
1712:
1686:
1667:
1647:
1632:
1537:
1518:
1449:
1430:
796:
455:
360:
176:
107:
1559:
3097:
3092:
2975:
2534:
2517:
2507:
2403:
851:
831:
816:
657:
537:
385:
335:
331:
265:
241:
227:
212:
132:
90:
Many, if not all, countries have some degree of polyethnicity, with countries like
3132:
3078:
3050:
2990:
2925:
2880:
2815:
2549:
2544:
2522:
2450:
836:
439:
381:
352:
323:
295:
285:
251:
3157:
3147:
3117:
3055:
3035:
2980:
2569:
2539:
2398:
2365:
2318:
2313:
2308:
1860:
Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries
811:
685:" (where having any black blood automatically labeled one as black) in the US.
621:
561:
431:
188:
136:
704:
the world, including those of the United States, the former Soviet Union, and
3213:
3137:
3102:
2895:
2835:
2810:
2805:
2574:
2529:
2423:
2330:
1683:
Ethnologue: language family index to the thirteenth edition of the Ethnologue
806:
682:
308:
160:
143:
base for the political organization of society. McNeill believed that during
35:
30:
3172:
3112:
2995:
2937:
2930:
2885:
2825:
2756:
2564:
2554:
2502:
2440:
2428:
2418:
2408:
2393:
2345:
2261:
801:
725:
709:
694:
505:
482:
168:
68:
57:
552:
3107:
2915:
2900:
2875:
2800:
2470:
2445:
2435:
2413:
2340:
846:
779:
721:
613:
609:
397:
322:
A controversial political issue in recent years has been the question of
312:
192:
144:
140:
72:
3182:
3177:
3152:
3087:
3020:
2910:
2355:
753:
645:
617:
450:
to become ethnically polarized. Though an equal number of seats in the
343:
327:
164:
3142:
3015:
2920:
2512:
2385:
2242:
1629:
Language loyalties: a source book on the official English controversy
775:
641:
625:
605:
585:
517:
422:, recognizing Quebec as a nation within the united nation of Canada.
180:
53:
1956:
Handbook of social problems: a comparative international perspective
1513:
Democracy and difference: contesting the boundaries of the political
2830:
2795:
629:
597:
589:
577:
569:
474:
459:
443:
435:
365:
156:
768:
The Political Demands of Isolated Indian Bands in British Columbia
750:
The Political Demands of Isolated Indian Bands in British Columbia
2850:
2780:
1550:
581:
565:
91:
61:
656:
Polyethnicity, over time, can change the way societies practice
2335:
783:
601:
593:
478:
393:
377:
128:
103:
95:
131:
throughout his lectures was the argument that it has been the
2870:
2375:
1773:
Defunct federalisms: critical perspectives on federal failure
771:
705:
529:
99:
80:
2211:
2107:
Policy and politics in Canada: institutionalized ambivalence
2049:"Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2007"
1424:
2256:
1841:
Canadian Annual Review of Politics and Public Affairs: 1995
1702:"The Two or More Races Population: 2000. Census 2000 Brief"
1495:"The Rise of the Language Issue since the Quiet Revolution"
573:
493:
1729:
1551:
Brittingham, Angela; G. Patricia de la Cruz (June 2004).
159:
as local and national governments attempt to satisfy all
1770:
2188:
2165:
1680:
1700:
Jones, Nicholas A.; Amy Symens Smith (November 2001).
183:
alternatives to nationalism for the polyethnic state.
147:, the desire for homogeneous nations began to weaken.
2168:"Table 52—Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2006"
1993:. Cape Canaveral, FL: Howard Allen Enterprises, Inc.
1699:
1732:"English Usage among Hispanics in the United States"
454:
are prescribed to the Flemish and Walloons, Belgian
1821:
Ethnic groups worldwide: a ready reference handbook
2151:. Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press.
2144:
1897:
1510:
1446:Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology: Polyethnicity
2191:"United States - Data Sets - American FactFinder"
1900:Polyethnicity and National Unity in World History
1730:Hakimzadeh, Shirin; D'Vera Cohn (November 2007).
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
924:
922:
681:discrimination, and have been victimized by the "
167:in countries attempt to find the balance between
3211:
1681:Grimes, Joseph Evans; Barbara F. Grimes (1996).
1615:. Canadian Executive Council. September 14, 1997
1579:"Divisions could lead to a partition in Belgium"
985:
983:
981:
979:
155:Polyethnicity divides nations, complicating the
139:because of the growth in the belief in a single
1444:Arabandi, Bhavani (2007). George Ritzer (ed.).
408:, attempted to gain sovereignty twice (once in
2175:Statistical Abstract of the United States 2009
1407:
1405:
1356:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1330:
1328:
992:
919:
2227:
2193:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
2051:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
1808:
1054:
976:
949:
912:
910:
908:
2014:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
1838:
1771:Kavalski, Emilian; Magdalena Żółkoś (2008).
1613:"The Calgary Declaration: Premiers' Meeting"
1425:Adams, J.Q; Strother-Adams, Pearlie (2001).
1309:
1307:
1305:
1934:
1464:"B02001. RACE - Universe: TOTAL POPULATION"
1402:
1351:
1337:
1325:
1316:
1268:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1215:
1206:
1047:
1045:
380:has had many political debates between the
2234:
2220:
1918:
1753:Population, Ethnicity, and Nation-Building
1661:
1598:"Multicultural Japan remains a pipe dream"
1372:
1363:
1224:
1140:
1088:
1086:
1084:
905:
880:
878:
876:
1988:
1975:"Panel opens debate on bilingual ballots"
1921:"Language debate only divides us further"
1792:The Politics of Nationalism and Ethnicity
1749:
1531:
1302:
1095:
1063:
1010:
967:
1904:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
1876:
1857:
1817:
1648:"The Bilingual Education Debate: Part I"
1645:
1626:
1508:
1492:
1443:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1263:
1251:
1233:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1042:
693:
551:
496:military government took control with a
191:) and a federal state (such as Belgium,
29:
2085:
2066:
1895:
1595:
1242:
1199:
1197:
1185:
1131:
1081:
1033:
896:
887:
873:
864:
778:in the United States and Canada or the
14:
3212:
1972:
1953:
1789:
1576:
1386:
1384:
1176:
958:
98:having high levels and countries like
64:or other specific geographic region.
2215:
2147:The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism
2142:
2126:Ethnic studies: issues and approaches
2104:
2028:
1756:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
1734:. Pew Research Center. Archived from
1072:
1026:
1024:
1022:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
359:. The United States does not have an
150:
114:
2123:
2007:
1666:. Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
1393:
1194:
651:
556:Southeast Asia countries, 2009-10-10
2011:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
1685:. Summer Institute of Linguistics.
1558:. U.S.Census Bureau. Archived from
1381:
24:
1019:
931:
612:. The rest of the insular region (
25:
3236:
547:
1794:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
1577:Bryant, Elizabeth (2007-10-12).
1493:BĂ©langer, Claude (August 2000).
198:
1919:Navarrette, Ruben (June 2007).
1877:McArthur, Thomas Burns (1998).
1843:. University of Toronto Press.
1631:. University of Chicago Press.
1122:
1113:
1104:
2090:. Cambridge University Press.
1881:. Cambridge University Press.
1824:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1662:Dreisziger, Nándor F. (1990).
1517:. Princeton University Press.
510:federal parliamentary republic
388:speakers, particularly in the
52:, refers to specific cultural
13:
1:
2241:
2189:United States Census Bureau.
2166:United States Census Bureau.
2086:Tiruneh, Andargachew (1993).
1596:Burgess, Chris (March 2007).
1417:
1378:Jones & Smith 2000 Online
731:
1973:Roache, Mario (April 1996).
1935:Rajagopalan, Swarna (2000).
1896:McNeill, William H. (1985).
1839:Leyton-Brown, David (2002).
1809:Lee, J.; Bean, F.D. (2000).
928:Benhabib 1996, pages 154–155
119:In 1985, Canadian historian
7:
2109:. Temple University Press.
1775:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
1750:Hirschman, Charles (1995).
1709:United States Census Bureau
1532:Beramendi, Justo G (2000).
1475:United States Census Bureau
1313:Baramendi 2000, pages 80-84
1007:Thomson 2000, pages 214–215
955:Thomson 2000, pages 213-215
789:
689:
663:
622:Roman Catholic Christianity
534:Spanish War of Independence
481:consisting of 80 different
469:
203:
10:
3241:
2603:Countries by ethnic groups
2598:Contemporary ethnic groups
2105:Tuohy, Carolyn J. (1992).
2067:Thomson, Dennis L (2000).
2029:Smith, Anthony D. (1998).
1989:Robertson, Wilmot (1992).
1060:Kellas 1991, pages 180-183
1030:Dreisziger 1990, pages 1-2
989:Robertson 1992, pages 1-10
752:, argue for some level of
458:have all divided into two
452:Chamber of Representatives
425:
3191:
3074:
2946:
2749:
2583:
2384:
2249:
2031:Nationalism and modernism
1790:Kellas, James G. (1991).
1646:Cromwell, Sharon (1998).
1470:American Community Survey
1429:. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt.
1182:Leyton-Brown 2002, page 5
916:Safran 2000, Introduction
372:
357:official English movement
206:
2143:Young, Crawford (1993).
2124:Yang, Philip Q. (2000).
1858:Lijphart, Arend (1999).
1818:Levinson, David (1998).
1627:Crawford, James (1992).
1509:Benhabib, Seyla (1996).
1448:. Blackwell Publishing.
858:
523:
2715:Torres Strait Islanders
2560:Ethnopsychopharmacology
2304:In-group and out-groups
1954:Ritzer, George (2004).
1583:San Francisco Chronicle
1369:Lee 2000, pages 221-245
1221:Levinson 1998, page 131
1191:The Calgary Declaration
1110:Crawford 1992, page 154
1101:Hakimzadeh 2007, Online
1092:Navarrette 2007, online
670:Anti-miscegenation laws
596:Southeast Asia (namely
532:from 1808 to 1814, the
448:parliamentary democracy
430:The divide between the
2961:Cultural appropriation
2861:Lineage-bonded society
1497:. Marianopolis College
1427:Dealing with Diversity
1390:Dreisziger 1990 page 1
1360:Hirschman 1995 page 22
1348:Hirschman 1995 page 21
1334:Hirschman 1995 page 20
1322:Hirschman 1995 page 19
1281:Kavalski 2008, page 31
1248:Tiruneh 1993, page 150
1146:McArthur 1998, page 38
1069:Safran 2000, pages 2-3
973:Safran 2000, pages 1-2
714:Middle Eastern Empires
700:
687:
584:) generally practices
564:the continental area (
557:
207:U.S. languages (2006)
60:backgrounds, within a
38:
2986:Ethnic interest group
2821:Ethnicity in censuses
2771:Cultural assimilation
2272:Ethnolinguistic group
1879:The English languages
1203:Lijphart 199, page 39
1155:BĂ©langer 2000, online
1119:Cromwell 1998, Online
1016:Ritzer 2004, page 141
884:Arabandi 2000, Online
870:McNeil 1985, pages 85
697:
678:
555:
363:, but English is the
125:University of Toronto
33:
3199:Minzu (anthropology)
3168:Separatist movements
3031:Ethnographic village
2856:Legendary progenitor
2491:Transidioethnography
2294:Hyphenated ethnicity
2289:Ethnographic realism
2282:Ethnoreligious group
2177:. U.S. Census Bureau
1411:Robertson 1992 p. 10
1299:Young 1993, page 209
1290:Young 1993, page 159
1272:Young 1993, page 152
1260:Young 1993, page 149
1239:Young 1993, page 147
1173:McNeil 1985, page 86
1164:Tuohy 1992, page 325
1051:Kellas 1991, page 65
964:Burgess 2007, Online
902:Smith 1998, page 200
893:Smith 1998, page 190
822:Interracial marriage
487:indigenous languages
464:partition of Belgium
3066:Multinational state
3061:Model minority myth
2948:Multiethnic society
2866:Linguistic homeland
2277:Ethnonational group
1862:. Yale University.
1399:Yang 2000, page 168
1137:Young 1993, page 73
1128:Roache 1996, Online
1039:Kellas 1991, page 8
842:Multinational state
620:) practices mostly
608:) practices mostly
3046:Middleman minority
3006:Ethnic pornography
3001:Ethnic nationalism
2906:Pantribal sodality
2846:Imagined community
2371:Symbolic ethnicity
2299:Indigenous peoples
2267:Ethnographic group
2008:Shaw, Ian (2003).
946:U.S. Census Bureau
701:
592:Buddhism. Most of
558:
542:Napoleon Bonaparte
502:self-determination
419:statut particulier
173:cultural pluralism
151:Impact on politics
121:William H. McNeill
115:Conceptual history
39:
3207:
3206:
3128:Ethnic stereotype
3041:Indigenous rights
3026:Ethnographic film
3011:Ethnic theme park
2971:Dominant minority
2966:Diaspora politics
2956:Consociationalism
2891:National language
2776:Cultural identity
2766:Cross-race effect
2710:Aboriginal groups
1923:. Oakland Tribune
1782:978-0-7546-4984-7
1650:. Education World
1455:978-1-4051-2433-1
797:Diaspora politics
746:Dennis L. Thomson
652:Impact on society
630:Mahayana Buddhism
628:practises mostly
500:ideology, urging
466:has been feared.
456:political parties
446:) has caused the
442:-speaking South (
434:-speaking north (
361:official language
334:, who are native
304:
303:
177:consociationalism
169:ethnic identities
108:Western countries
34:Polyethnicity in
16:(Redirected from
3232:
3225:Multiculturalism
3098:Ethnic cleansing
3093:Ethnic bioweapon
2976:Ethnic democracy
2585:Groups by region
2535:Ethnomethodology
2518:Ethnomathematics
2508:Ethnolinguistics
2404:Ethnoarchaeology
2236:
2229:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2172:
2162:
2150:
2139:
2120:
2101:
2082:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2044:
2025:
2004:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1969:
1950:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1915:
1903:
1892:
1873:
1854:
1835:
1814:
1805:
1786:
1767:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1711:. Archived from
1706:
1696:
1677:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1642:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1557:
1547:
1528:
1516:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1477:. Archived from
1459:
1440:
1412:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1379:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1349:
1346:
1335:
1332:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1261:
1258:
1249:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1079:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1005:
990:
987:
974:
971:
965:
962:
956:
953:
947:
944:
929:
926:
917:
914:
903:
900:
894:
891:
885:
882:
871:
868:
852:Transnationalism
832:Multiculturalism
817:Interculturalism
738:Wilmot Robertson
538:Joseph Bonaparte
498:Marxist–Leninist
477:is a polyethnic
332:Hispanic America
204:
44:, also known as
21:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3187:
3133:Ethnic violence
3081:
3079:ethnic conflict
3077:
3070:
3051:Minority rights
2991:Ethnic majority
2942:
2926:Detribalization
2881:Nation-building
2816:Ethnic religion
2759:
2755:
2745:
2652:Central America
2579:
2550:Ethnophilosophy
2545:Ethnomusicology
2523:Ethnostatistics
2481:Person-centered
2451:Autoethnography
2380:
2245:
2240:
2208:
2200:
2198:
2180:
2178:
2170:
2159:
2136:
2117:
2098:
2079:
2058:
2056:
2047:
2041:
2022:
2001:
1980:
1978:
1966:
1947:
1926:
1924:
1912:
1889:
1870:
1851:
1832:
1802:
1783:
1764:
1741:
1739:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1704:
1693:
1674:
1653:
1651:
1639:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1603:
1601:
1587:
1585:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1553:"Ancestry 2000"
1544:
1525:
1500:
1498:
1484:
1482:
1462:
1456:
1437:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1352:
1347:
1338:
1333:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1006:
993:
988:
977:
972:
968:
963:
959:
954:
950:
945:
932:
927:
920:
915:
906:
901:
897:
892:
888:
883:
874:
869:
865:
861:
856:
837:Multilingualism
792:
734:
716:, and even the
692:
666:
654:
550:
526:
472:
428:
406:Parti Québécois
375:
353:ethnic conflict
330:have come from
305:
201:
153:
117:
50:multi-ethnicity
46:pluri-ethnicity
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3238:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3158:Indigenization
3155:
3150:
3148:Ethnosymbolism
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3118:Ethnic penalty
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3056:Model minority
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3036:Ethnopluralism
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2981:Ethnic enclave
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2726:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2691:Southeast Asia
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2614:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2570:Ethnosemiotics
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2540:Ethnomuseology
2537:
2532:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2406:
2401:
2399:Ethnic studies
2396:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2366:Supraethnicity
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2319:Minority group
2316:
2314:Metroethnicity
2311:
2309:Meta-ethnicity
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2259:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2186:
2163:
2157:
2140:
2134:
2128:. SUNY Press.
2121:
2115:
2102:
2096:
2083:
2077:
2064:
2045:
2039:
2026:
2020:
2005:
1999:
1991:The Ethnostate
1986:
1970:
1964:
1951:
1945:
1932:
1916:
1910:
1893:
1887:
1874:
1868:
1855:
1849:
1836:
1830:
1815:
1806:
1800:
1787:
1781:
1768:
1762:
1747:
1727:
1697:
1691:
1678:
1672:
1659:
1643:
1637:
1624:
1609:
1593:
1574:
1548:
1542:
1529:
1523:
1506:
1490:
1460:
1454:
1441:
1435:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1401:
1392:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1350:
1336:
1324:
1315:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1212:Bryant, Online
1205:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1041:
1032:
1018:
1009:
991:
975:
966:
957:
948:
930:
918:
904:
895:
886:
872:
862:
860:
857:
855:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
812:Supraethnicity
809:
804:
799:
793:
791:
788:
761:The Ethnostate
742:The Ethnostate
733:
730:
691:
688:
665:
662:
658:cultural norms
653:
650:
562:Southeast Asia
549:
548:Southeast Asia
546:
525:
522:
471:
468:
427:
424:
374:
371:
302:
301:
298:
292:
291:
288:
282:
281:
278:
272:
271:
268:
262:
261:
258:
248:
247:
244:
238:
237:
234:
224:
223:
222:224.2 million
220:
209:
208:
202:
200:
197:
189:United Kingdom
152:
149:
137:Western Europe
116:
113:
26:
18:Poly-ethnicity
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3237:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3138:Ethnocentrism
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:Ethnic hatred
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:National myth
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2836:Folk religion
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2811:Ethnic origin
2809:
2807:
2806:Ethnic option
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2681:Northern Asia
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2657:South America
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2642:United States
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2575:Ethnotaxonomy
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:Ethnomedicine
2528:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2466:Institutional
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:Ethnomycology
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:Polyethnicity
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2331:Monoethnicity
2329:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2197:on 2020-02-12
2196:
2192:
2187:
2176:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2158:0-299-13880-1
2154:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2137:
2135:0-7914-4480-5
2131:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2116:0-87722-870-1
2112:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2097:0-521-43082-8
2093:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2078:0-7146-5027-7
2074:
2071:. Routledge.
2070:
2065:
2055:on 2009-04-25
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2040:0-415-06341-8
2036:
2033:. Routledge.
2032:
2027:
2023:
2021:0-500-05074-0
2017:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2002:
2000:0-914576-22-4
1996:
1992:
1987:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1965:0-7619-2610-0
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1946:0-7146-5027-7
1942:
1939:. Routledge.
1938:
1933:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1911:0-8020-6643-7
1907:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1890:
1888:0-521-48130-9
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1869:0-300-07893-5
1865:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1850:0-8020-3673-2
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1831:1-57356-019-7
1827:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1801:0-312-06159-5
1797:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1763:0-8133-8953-4
1759:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1738:on 2012-12-15
1737:
1733:
1728:
1718:on 2019-07-29
1714:
1710:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1692:1-55671-028-3
1688:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1673:0-88920-993-6
1669:
1665:
1660:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1638:0-226-12016-3
1634:
1630:
1625:
1614:
1610:
1600:. Japan Times
1599:
1594:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1565:on 2004-09-20
1561:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1543:0-7146-5027-7
1539:
1536:. Routledge.
1535:
1530:
1526:
1524:0-691-04478-3
1520:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1496:
1491:
1481:on 2020-02-11
1480:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1436:0-7872-8145-X
1432:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1408:
1406:
1396:
1387:
1385:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1319:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1036:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1013:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
986:
984:
982:
980:
970:
961:
952:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
925:
923:
913:
911:
909:
899:
890:
881:
879:
877:
867:
863:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
807:Ethnopolitics
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
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787:
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777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
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755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
696:
686:
684:
683:one-drop rule
677:
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638:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
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587:
583:
579:
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531:
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507:
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495:
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483:ethnic groups
480:
476:
467:
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461:
460:ideologically
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
423:
421:
420:
415:
412:and again in
411:
407:
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384:speakers and
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370:
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362:
358:
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348:
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329:
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318:
314:
310:
309:United States
299:
297:
294:
293:
289:
287:
284:
283:
279:
277:
274:
273:
269:
267:
264:
263:
259:
257:
253:
250:
249:
245:
243:
240:
239:
236:34.0 million
235:
233:
229:
226:
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221:
218:
214:
211:
210:
205:
199:United States
196:
194:
190:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
161:ethnic groups
158:
148:
146:
142:
141:nationalistic
138:
134:
133:cultural norm
130:
126:
122:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
86:
82:
78:
77:intermarriage
74:
70:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
42:Polyethnicity
37:
36:New York City
32:
19:
3173:Xenocentrism
3123:Ethnic slurs
3113:Ethnic party
3076:Ideology and
2996:Ethnic media
2938:White ethnic
2931:Neotribalism
2886:Nation state
2826:Ethnofiction
2757:ethnogenesis
2728:
2721:
2702:
2671:Central Asia
2663:
2616:
2609:
2592:
2565:Ethnoscience
2555:Ethnopoetics
2503:Ethnohistory
2441:Ethnogeology
2429:Ethnozoology
2419:Ethnoecology
2409:Ethnobiology
2394:Anthropology
2350:
2346:Panethnicity
2262:Ethnic group
2209:
2199:. Retrieved
2195:the original
2179:. Retrieved
2174:
2146:
2125:
2106:
2087:
2068:
2057:. Retrieved
2053:the original
2030:
2010:
1990:
1979:. Retrieved
1977:. The Ledger
1955:
1936:
1925:. Retrieved
1899:
1878:
1859:
1840:
1820:
1810:
1791:
1772:
1752:
1740:. Retrieved
1736:the original
1720:. Retrieved
1713:the original
1682:
1663:
1652:. Retrieved
1628:
1617:. Retrieved
1602:. Retrieved
1586:. Retrieved
1567:. Retrieved
1560:the original
1533:
1512:
1499:. Retrieved
1483:. Retrieved
1479:the original
1467:
1445:
1426:
1395:
1374:
1365:
1318:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1035:
1012:
969:
960:
951:
898:
889:
866:
802:Ethnic group
767:
765:
760:
758:
749:
741:
735:
726:Harry Truman
718:Mongol Khans
710:Roman Empire
702:
679:
674:
667:
655:
634:
559:
527:
514:
506:Soviet Union
491:
473:
429:
418:
376:
364:
349:
324:bilingualism
321:
306:
300:1.1 million
290:1.1 million
280:1.2 million
270:1.4 million
260:2.0 million
246:2.5 million
216:
185:
154:
118:
89:
66:
49:
45:
41:
40:
3108:Ethnic joke
2916:Tribal name
2901:Origin myth
2876:Mythomoteur
2801:Ethnic flag
2786:Development
2471:Netnography
2446:Ethnography
2436:Ethnocinema
2414:Ethnobotany
2341:Nationality
1230:Grimes 1996
1078:Adams 2001
847:Nationalism
722:US military
614:Philippines
610:Sunni Islam
398:nationalism
313:melting pot
193:Switzerland
165:politicians
145:World War I
127:. The main
73:immigration
69:ethnicities
3214:Categories
3183:Xenophobia
3178:Xenophilia
3153:Indigenism
3088:Allophilia
3021:Ethnocracy
2911:Statistext
2841:Historical
2734:Indigenous
2686:South Asia
2622:Indigenous
2356:Population
2201:2009-11-22
2181:2009-10-11
2059:2008-10-09
1981:2009-11-22
1927:2009-11-22
1742:2009-11-22
1722:2008-05-08
1654:2009-11-22
1619:2009-11-22
1604:2009-11-22
1588:2008-05-28
1569:2007-06-13
1501:2009-11-22
1485:2008-01-30
1418:References
776:Hutterites
754:separatism
732:Criticisms
646:South Asia
637:indigenous
618:East Timor
540:, who was
438:) and the
400:as French
344:New Mexico
328:immigrants
317:salad bowl
276:Vietnamese
181:democratic
3220:Ethnicity
3143:Ethnocide
3016:Ethnoburb
2921:Tribalism
2704:Australia
2696:West Asia
2676:East Asia
2647:Caribbean
2632:Greenland
2513:Ethnology
2386:Ethnology
2324:Influence
2243:Ethnicity
728:in 1945.
626:Singapore
606:Indonesia
586:Theravada
518:democracy
402:Québécois
340:Southwest
54:phenomena
3163:Nativism
2831:Ethnonym
2796:Ethnarch
2752:Identity
2739:European
2617:Americas
2461:Critical
2456:Clinical
2250:Concepts
1958:. SAGE.
790:See also
774:and the
690:Military
664:Marriage
598:Malaysia
590:Mahayana
578:Cambodia
570:Thailand
475:Ethiopia
470:Ethiopia
444:Wallonia
436:Flanders
390:province
366:de facto
254:, incl.
230:, incl.
179:are the
157:politics
85:conquest
3192:Related
2851:Kinship
2791:Endonym
2781:Demonym
2729:Oceania
2486:Salvage
594:insular
582:Vietnam
566:Myanmar
485:and 84
426:Belgium
386:English
336:Spanish
326:. Many
266:Tagalog
242:Chinese
228:Spanish
213:English
163:. Many
92:Nigeria
62:country
2723:Europe
2637:Mexico
2627:Canada
2611:Africa
2476:Online
2336:Nation
2155:
2132:
2113:
2094:
2075:
2037:
2018:
1997:
1962:
1943:
1908:
1885:
1866:
1847:
1828:
1798:
1779:
1760:
1689:
1670:
1635:
1540:
1521:
1452:
1433:
827:Millet
784:Norway
720:. The
712:, the
602:Brunei
479:nation
440:French
394:Quebec
382:French
378:Canada
373:Canada
296:Korean
286:German
256:Creole
252:French
232:Creole
129:thesis
104:Poland
96:Canada
58:ethnic
2871:Mores
2593:World
2496:Video
2376:Tribe
2171:(PDF)
1716:(PDF)
1705:(PDF)
1563:(PDF)
1556:(PDF)
1468:2006
859:Notes
772:Amish
706:China
699:2009.
676:that:
530:Spain
524:Spain
432:Dutch
342:. In
100:Japan
81:trade
2665:Asia
2361:Race
2257:Clan
2153:ISBN
2130:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2092:ISBN
2073:ISBN
2035:ISBN
2016:ISBN
1995:ISBN
1960:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1906:ISBN
1883:ISBN
1864:ISBN
1845:ISBN
1826:ISBN
1796:ISBN
1777:ISBN
1758:ISBN
1687:ISBN
1668:ISBN
1633:ISBN
1538:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1431:ISBN
780:Sami
744:and
644:and
642:East
624:and
616:and
604:and
580:and
574:Laos
494:Derg
414:1995
410:1980
307:The
217:only
175:and
102:and
94:and
2754:and
782:in
766:In
759:In
748:in
740:in
588:or
560:In
528:In
392:of
48:or
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1473:.
1466:.
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1196:^
1083:^
1044:^
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632:.
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2024:.
2003:.
1984:.
1968:.
1949:.
1930:.
1914:.
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1725:.
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