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participation in elections. The
Communist Party of Tajikistan, a nominal opposition party that has supported President Rahmon on most issues, has lost support since 2000. The liberal, pro-market Democratic Party also has lost support. In 1997 Rahmon weakened his chief opposition emerging from the civil war, the United Tajik Opposition (UTO), by naming movement leader Akbar Turajonzoda a deputy prime minister. In the ensuing years, the UTO was eclipsed politically by its main component organization, the Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP). In 2003 the IRP lost its chief opposition issue as the ban on religious parties ended. Nevertheless, in 2006 parties still could not receive aid from religious institutions, and tension remained between the government and Islamic factions. In 2006 the IRP was the most influential opposition party in Tajikistan and the only religiously affiliated party represented in the national legislature of a Central Asian country. After the death of long-time IRP leader Said Abdullo Nuri in 2006, a possible split emerged from the struggle for party leadership. Some antigovernment sentiment has been channeled into radical Islamic organizations such as Hizb ut-Tahrir, which is outlawed as a terrorist organization, rather than into conventional political parties. In 2006 six parties, including one faction of the Democratic Party, were banned, and a total of eight parties were registered. In 2005 Mahmadruzi Iskandarov, head of the Democratic Party, received a long prison term for terrorism after being abducted from exile, and in 2006 his party was replaced on the official list by a government-backed splinter group, Vatan.
677:, then the chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Tajikistan, went on record in defence of the (Soviet) status quo when complaining to a journalist of Izvestia that the country is falling into chaos. This statement encapsulated the feeling of the republican leadership. Support for the putschists exasperated the already galvanised intelligentsia. A flood of demonstrators blocked roads adjacent to the building of the Supreme Soviet and forced Kahar Mahkamov to resign on 31 August 1991. Demonstrators, encouraged by the opposition parties but not entirely controlled by them, had far-reaching demands: the banning of the Communist party and the nationalization of its assets, the resignation of the entire government, the dissolution of the legislature and new elections.
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irregularities in the conduct of the 1999 presidential election, in which only one opposition candidate was permitted to register, and the media were censored. Six parties participated in the 2000 and 2005 parliamentary elections, although in both cases observers reported state interference with the process and with opposition candidates' access to the media. Rahmon easily won re-election in
November 2006, gaining 79 percent of the vote against four little-known opponents; international monitors again found the election unfair. Three major opposition parties—the Democratic Party, the Islamic Renaissance Party, and the Social Democratic Party—boycotted the election.
730:. At the same time, Taliban advances in northern Afghanistan threatened to inundate Tajikistan with thousands of refugees. A constant flow of illegal narcotics continues to transit Tajikistan from Afghanistan on its way to Russian and European markets, leaving widespread violent crime, corruption, increased HIV incidence, and economic distortions in its wake. During 2002, stability in the country continued to increase, and the year was largely free of the assassinations and outbreaks of violence perpetrated by unreformed opposition members that plagued the country in previous years.
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Rahmon left the opposition with only 5 percent of major government positions. This event followed the expiration of the 1997 peace guarantee that the United Tajik
Opposition (UTO) would occupy at least 30 percent of top government positions. Prior to the 2006 election, the Council of Ministers, which executes the decisions of the president, included two deputy prime ministers, 19 ministers, nine committee heads, and several ex officio members. After the election, Rahmon abolished 10 ministries and five state committees and reappointed
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court serving as an appellate court for the level below. Appeals of court decisions are rare because the populace generally does not trust the judicial system. Constitutional guarantees to the right to an attorney and to a prompt and public trial often are ignored. The Soviet-era presumption of the guilt of the defendant remains in force. The procurator’s office conducts all criminal investigations. Trials are heard by juries except in cases of national security.
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711:, while no longer specifically obliged—as he was under the peace accords—to allocate one-third of government positions to the UTO, has kept some former UTO officials in senior cabinet-level positions. While the government and the now incorporated former opposition continue to distrust each other, they have often found a way to work with each other and are committed to peacefully resolving their differences.
692:(UTO). Other combatants and armed bands that flourished in this civil chaos simply reflected the breakdown of central authority rather than loyalty to a political faction. The height of hostilities occurred between 1992 and 1993. By 1997, the predominantly Kulyabi-led Tajik government and the UTO successfully negotiated a power-sharing peace accord and implemented it by 2000.
838:'s election to the office of the president in 2006 counts as his first 7-year term under the 2003 Constitution, and was re-elected for a second term in 2013, remaining in office until 2020. Rahmon holds the title of 'Leader of the Nation' and is therefore exempt from presidential term limits. This title also grants him and his family
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basis of a license issued by the
Ministry of Justice." While there is evidence of female lawyers on account of the League of Women Lawyers of Tajikistan's existence, there is no indication as to how women have fared in the legal field once the country declared its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
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Though the judiciary is nominally independent, the executive branch and criminal groups have considerable influence on judicial functions. Bribery of judges, who are poorly paid and poorly trained, is commonplace. The court system has local, district, regional, and national levels, with each higher
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The constitution provides for an independent judiciary. The
Supreme Court is the highest court. Other high courts include the Supreme Economic Court and the Constitutional Court, which decides questions of constitutionality. The president appoints the judges of these three courts, with the approval
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The
Republic Bar Association (also called the Bar Association of the Republic of Tajikistan) gained its independence in 1995. Yet, according to a source, it was not until 1998 that "the concept of a lawyer-attorney was introduced , being defined as a business person providing legal services on the
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In this geographically divided country, the ceremonial position of prime minister traditionally is held by a person from the north to nominally balance
President Emomali Rahmon’s southern origin. In 2004 the executive branch fell further under the control of the governing party as appointments by
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The members of the
Assembly of Representatives are chosen by direct popular election for a five-year term. Of the 63 members of the Assembly of Representatives, 22 are elected by party, in proportion to the number of votes received by each party gaining at least 5 percent of total votes, and the
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Suffrage is universal for citizens 18 years of age and older. A new election law passed in 2004 has received international criticism for its restrictive candidate registration requirements. Election requires an absolute majority of votes; if no candidate gains a majority, a second round is held
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The pro-government People’s
Democratic Party continued to control both houses of the parliament after the elections of 2005; that party gained 52 of the 63 seats in the Assembly of Representatives. In 2006, 11 women sat in the Assembly of Representatives, and five sat in the National Assembly.
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Both
Tajikistan's presidential and parliamentary elections, in 1999 and 2000, respectively, were widely considered to be flawed and unfair but peaceful. The inclusion of an Islamist party committed to secular government (Islamic Renaissance Party) and several other parties in the Parliamentary
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regime has gained substantial influence over the registration of parties, the holding of referendums, and election procedures. In 1999 and 2003, referendums of dubious fairness made constitutional changes that strengthened Rahmon's hold on power. International observers also found substantial
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In the early 2000s, independent political parties continued to exist, but their operations were circumscribed and their influence marginal. The governing People’s Democratic Party (PDP) gained strength as some opposition party leaders joined the government and others were disqualified from
1052:) of people's deputies, who are elected locally for a five-year term. The executive power in provinces, towns, and districts is vested in the head of local administration, who is directly appointed by the President, with the approval of the local
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elections represented an improvement in the Tajik people's right to choose their government. Tajikistan is the only Central Asian country in which a religiously affiliated political party is represented in Parliament. President
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The August 1991 putsch widened the rift. Frustrated by daily demonstrations in front of the Supreme Soviet and the erosion of the government's authority, the regime appeared to support the Moscow putschists.
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and in the cities subordinated directly to central government; each of these subnational jurisdictions is entitled to equal representation. The remaining members are appointed directly by the president.
826:, is both the head of state and the head of government. The president appoints the prime minister and all the members of the government, without the need of parliamentary approval. Tajikistan is thus a
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In October 2020, Tajikistan's authoritarian President Emomali Rahmon was reelected for a fifth term with nearly 91 percent of the vote, following a tightly controlled and largely ceremonial election.
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that never left Tajikistan when it became independent. Most of these Russian-led forces, however, are local Tajik non-commissioned officers and soldiers.
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Local government is divided into representative and executive branches. The representative branch in provinces, towns, and districts is the assembly (
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produced cross-border effects that threatened to destabilize Tajikistan's fragile and hard-won peace. In the summers of 1999 and 2000, the
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since 1994. Political opponents are repressed, violations of human rights and freedoms are severe, elections are not free and fair, and
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are rampant. Various important government positions are occupied by his family members, such as his 35-year-old son
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is also the administrative center of the Region of Republican Subordination. Each region is divided into several
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of the legislature. There is also a Military Court. The judges of all courts are appointed to 10-year terms.
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Opposition factions in the Supreme Assembly have clashed with pro-government members over some issues.
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as prime minister. Rahmon is said to have accumulated substantial informal power through patronage.
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1935:"Emomali Rakhmon wins Tajikistan election with more than 90% of vote | DW | 12.10.2020"
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Tajikistan is slowly rebuilding itself with an integrated government and continues to permit a
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used Tajikistan as a staging ground for an insurgency campaign against the government of
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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2130:"Uzbekistan: Tajik Language Under Pressure in Ancient Samarkand | Eurasianet"
2100:"To be an Uzbek or Not to be a Tajik? Ethnicity and Locality in the Bukhara Oasis"
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military presence to guard their border with Afghanistan and the basing of the
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1848:"Mysterious Wealth: Tajikistan PM's Wife Bought Luxury Dubai Properties"
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1370: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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830:. Tajikistan held a constitutional referendum on 22 June 2003 and the
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About the elections to the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan
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remaining members are elected from single-member constituencies.
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from Soviet Union, on September 9, 1991 and promptly fell into a
1924:. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division (January 2007).
1000:(formerly Qurghonteppa), and the capital of Gorno-Badakhshan is
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1973:"IFES Election Guide | Elections: Assembly of Representatives"
1621:"Tajikistan's eternal ruler Emomali Rakhmon | DW | 12.10.2020"
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Shukurjon Zuhurov, Chairman of the Assembly of Representatives
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Indirect elections, appointed by the President of the Republic
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Population of the Republic of Tajikistan as of 1 January 2008
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1686:"The world's enduring dictators: Emomali Rahmon, Tajikistan"
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and prior to that Tajikistan had a unicameral legislature.
1888:"Tajikistan votes to allow president to rule indefinitely"
1783:"Tajikistan: President's Daughter Gets Plum Ministry Job"
1540:
2085:"Refworld | Chronology for Tajiks in Uzbekistan"
1719:"Tajikistan: Nations in Transit 2020 Country Report"
1444:, and historically Tajiks lived in a larger area in
872:) includes the 63-seat Assembly of Representatives (
740:The sections that follow incorporate text from the
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2049:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
570:In practice, Tajikistan is governed by President
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1791:Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project
1751:"Nepotism And Dynasty In Central Asian Politics"
1654:"World Report 2019: Rights Trends in Tajikistan"
996:(formerly Leninabad), the capital of Khatlon is
1431:and the surrounding areas) have called to join
2016:, State Statistical Committee, Dushanbe, 2008
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2144:"Repairing Broken Tajik-Uzbek Relationship"
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1279:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1175:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1098:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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640:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1872:Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan
1817:"The Happiest Member Of The Rahmon Family"
536:nominally takes place in a framework of a
88:. Please do not remove this message until
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1874:as amended by referendum of 22 June 2003
1386:Learn how and when to remove this message
1299:Learn how and when to remove this message
1213:Learn how and when to remove this message
1195:Learn how and when to remove this message
660:Learn how and when to remove this message
178:Learn how and when to remove this message
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1452:International organization participation
1419:In recent years, some Tajiks in eastern
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1004:(formerly Khorog). The national capital
139:: vague phrasing that often accompanies
84:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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2007:
1814:
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1313:List of political parties in Tajikistan
812:People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan
792:People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan
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1994:
1992:
966:Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon
701:Russian 201st Motorized Rifle Division
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2098:Finke, Peter; Sancak, Meltem (2012).
1917:
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1666:from the original on 24 February 2019
1028:), which in turn are subdivided into
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2001:"THE LEGAL PROFESSION IN TAJIKISTAN"
1998:
1894:. Agence France-Presse. 2016-05-23.
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1277:adding citations to reliable sources
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1173:adding citations to reliable sources
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974:Raiony Respublikanskogo Podchineniya
638:adding citations to reliable sources
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567:and the two chambers of parliament.
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1989:
1815:Pannier, Bruce (10 February 2018).
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970:Region of Republican Subordination
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14:
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2030:"The Tajik Tragedy of Uzbekistan"
1797:from the original on 11 July 2021
1763:from the original on 11 July 2021
1749:Pannier, Bruce (23 August 2016).
1731:from the original on 11 July 2021
1079:This section has multiple issues.
742:Library of Congress Country Study
33:This article has multiple issues.
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1414:Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
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1087:or discuss these issues on the
1044:Provincial and local government
680:During this turmoil Tajikistan
523:Namat Karabaev Street, Dushanbe
310:, Chairman of the Majlisi Milli
298:National Assembly of Tajikistan
41:or discuss these issues on the
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724:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
714:Prior to the overthrow of the
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895:) in the country's four main
1822:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
1756:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
7:
992:). The capital of Sughd is
952:, the autonomous province (
940:. These are the provinces (
882:September 1999 Constitution
748:(January 2007), which is a
334:Assembly of Representatives
90:conditions to do so are met
10:
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2104:Zeitschrift für Ethnologie
1922:Tajikistan country profile
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746:Tajikistan Country Profile
718:in 2001, the civil war in
578:regime with elements of a
240:Constitution of Tajikistan
151:Such statements should be
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936:Tajikistan consists of 4
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925:Administrative divisions
897:administrative divisions
750:United States government
447:Kokhir Rasulzoda Cabinet
438:Government of Tajikistan
3029:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1440:are a main minority in
1227:Elections in Tajikistan
690:United Tajik Opposition
500:Judiciary of Tajikistan
308:Mahmadsaid Ubaydulloyev
231:constitutional republic
3088:Politics of Tajikistan
2476:Science and technology
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986:Ноҳияҳои тобеи ҷумҳурӣ
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822:The president, who is
563:is vested in both the
515:Shermuhammad Shokhiyon
194:Politics of Tajikistan
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1977:www.electionguide.org
1404:Further information:
1329:
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828:presidential republic
2943:United Arab Emirates
2043:Ido, Shinji (2014).
1955:"Constitutional law
1364:improve this article
1322:Tajiks in Uzbekistan
1273:improve this section
1169:improve this section
988:; formerly known as
874:Majlisi namoyandagon
762:Main office-holders
634:improve this section
602:Political background
216:Emblem of Tajikistan
153:clarified or removed
2970:limited recognition
2365:Central Asian Union
2325:Tian Shan mountains
1662:. 15 January 2019.
980:from Russian or in
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752:publication in the
580:cult of personality
386:Direct popular vote
202:Siyosati Tojikiston
77:of this article is
2489:Telecommunications
2360:Capital punishment
2294:Towns and villages
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1999:Usmanova, Mahira.
1781:Benevento, Chris.
1659:Human Rights Watch
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990:Karotegin Province
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857:Legislative branch
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574:who has headed an
557:multi-party system
553:head of government
393:Head of government
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198:Сиёсати Тоҷикистон
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796:16 November 1994
675:Qadriddin Aslonov
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954:viloyati mukhtor
866:Supreme Assembly
824:directly elected
807:Kokhir Rasulzoda
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978:transliteration
927:
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908:Judicial branch
859:
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491:Judicial branch
444:Current cabinet
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840:legal immunity
836:Emomali Rahmon
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802:Prime Minister
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789:
787:Emomali Rahmon
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709:Emomali Rahmon
668:
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592:Rustam Emomali
572:Emomali Rahmon
543:, whereby the
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2530:ethnic groups
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2202:Early history
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2015:
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1353:This section
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1289:November 2021
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1258:This section
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878:Majlisi milli
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765:
757:
755:
754:public domain
751:
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712:
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683:
678:
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664:
661:
653:
650:November 2021
643:
639:
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629:
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624:
619:This section
617:
613:
608:
607:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
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576:authoritarian
573:
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558:
554:
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549:head of state
546:
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539:
535:
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522:
518:
514:
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507:
506:Supreme Court
503:
499:
495:
492:
488:
484:
480:
477:
473:
472:Dousti Square
470:
466:
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458:
454:
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397:
394:
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364:
360:
357:
356:Head of state
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321:
317:
313:
309:
306:
302:
299:
296:
292:
289:
285:
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277:Dousti Square
275:
273:Meeting place
271:
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208:
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191:
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164:
161:November 2021
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133:This article
131:
122:
121:
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109:
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98:November 2021
91:
87:
81:
80:
76:
70:
61:
60:
55:
53:
46:
45:
40:
39:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
3008:Dependencies
2938:Turkmenistan
2922:
2903:Saudi Arabia
2592:Architecture
2567:coat of arms
2520:Demographics
2461:Central bank
2424:(parliament)
2385:Human rights
2370:Constitution
2342:
2315:Central Asia
2138:
2124:
2110:(1): 47–70.
2107:
2103:
2093:
2079:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2024:
2018:(in Russian)
2013:
2009:
1980:. Retrieved
1976:
1967:
1956:
1949:
1938:
1929:
1903:. Retrieved
1892:The Guardian
1891:
1882:
1876:(in Russian)
1851:
1842:
1831:. Retrieved
1820:
1810:
1799:. Retrieved
1786:
1776:
1765:. Retrieved
1754:
1744:
1733:. Retrieved
1722:
1713:
1702:. Retrieved
1689:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1657:
1648:
1637:. Retrieved
1624:
1615:
1455:
1446:Central Asia
1423:(especially
1417:
1400:Uzbekisation
1382:
1373:
1362:Please help
1357:verification
1354:
1316:
1295:
1286:
1271:Please help
1259:
1230:
1209:
1191:
1182:
1167:Please help
1155:
1127:
1119:
1095:
1088:
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1081:Please help
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236:Constitution
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145:unverifiable
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3067:Asia portal
2968:States with
2888:Philippines
2828:South Korea
2823:North Korea
2718:Afghanistan
2456:Agriculture
2269:Environment
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848:Oqil Oqilov
720:Afghanistan
512:Chief judge
324:Lower house
288:Upper house
222:Polity type
147:information
2948:Uzbekistan
2923:Tajikistan
2838:Kyrgyzstan
2818:Kazakhstan
2738:Bangladesh
2728:Azerbaijan
2607:Literature
2483:(currency)
2212:Soviet era
2185:Tajikistan
2055:: 87–102.
1982:2017-01-25
1905:2016-09-07
1833:2021-07-11
1801:2021-07-11
1767:2021-07-11
1735:2021-07-05
1704:2021-07-05
1639:2021-07-05
1448:than now.
1442:Uzbekistan
1433:Tajikistan
1421:Uzbekistan
1376:March 2022
1335:Uzbekistan
1311:See also:
1225:See also:
1084:improve it
728:Uzbekistan
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533:Tajikistan
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1010:districts
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686:civil war
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463:President
460:Appointer
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372:Currently
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3057:Category
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2928:Thailand
2883:Pakistan
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2655:Category
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2547:Language
2402:Military
2343:Politics
2299:Wildlife
2116:23333538
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1761:Archived
1729:Archived
1698:Archived
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1664:Archived
1633:Archived
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1006:Dushanbe
596:Dushanbe
588:nepotism
547:is both
541:republic
476:Dushanbe
281:Dushanbe
79:disputed
2953:Vietnam
2868:Myanmar
2848:Lebanon
2778:Georgia
2733:Bahrain
2723:Armenia
2646:Outline
2602:Cuisine
2584:Culture
2557:Symbols
2508:Society
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2444:Economy
2430:Regions
2355:Cabinet
2254:Borders
2194:History
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1281:removed
1266:sources
1177:removed
1162:sources
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226:Unitary
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1573:UNESCO
1569:UNCTAD
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1331:Tajiks
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1050:majlis
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2808:Japan
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2773:Egypt
2758:China
2617:Music
2612:Media
2308:Areas
2279:Lakes
2112:JSTOR
2067:S2CID
1852:OCCRP
1607:Notes
1577:UNIDO
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