1723:
109:
769:
179:
3423:
834:
479:
88:
938:
1269:
662:
493:
454:
1280:
1955:
617:, when there is a clear separation of the Holy Crown of the Kingdom from the person of the King, when the Hungarian estates clearly declare that the ruler has obligations to the Crown, which they will demand to be respected. Over the course of the 15th century in Hungary, the Crown acquires a distinct legal personality, standing above the king and the estates and becoming the de facto sovereign. What distinguishes Hungary from other countries is that the concept of
946:
507:
1022:
The creation of the Crown of the
Kingdom of Poland was a milestone in the evolution of Polish statehood and the European identity. It represented the concept of the Polish kingdom (nation) as distinctly separate from the person of the monarch. The introduction of the concept marked the transformation
612:
in
Hungary, where it happens already at the end of the 12th century. Originally, it is primarily the concept of the kingdom as a territorial entity, directly related to the Arpad dynasty, as heirs to the crown of St. Stephen and his descendants. The separation occurs in the period of the Anjou, who
599:
In France, the term appears a little later, and refers primarily to the royal domain, but also to the lands of royal vassals. This is of particular importance in the process of incorporation of fief lands into the royal domain. The principle of non-transferability and imperishability of the crown's
595:
denoted non-transferable and imperishable royal dignity, power and rights, primarily the king's judicial power, but also the state as such, also understood as a defined territory, including lost lands. In the 14th century, the concept of the Crown standing above the King emerged; the King had no
547:
property of the monarch or dynasty, but became a common good of the political community of the kingdom. Such an idea allowed the state to function even in periods of interregnum and led to the formation of a system characteristic of Poland based on the parliamentarism of the nobility and the
604:
appears in many kingdoms of Europe, in each in a slightly different sense, related to local specifics. In Aragon, for example, the Crown is basically a common name for a range of kingdoms and territories linked virtually only by the person of a common ruler, the King of Aragon.
2349:(Polish: Welawa; now Znamensk), whereby Frederick William renounced a previous Swedish-Prussian alliance and John Casimir recognised Frederick William's full sovereignty over the Duchy of Prussia. Full sovereignty was a necessary prerequisite for upgrading the Duchy to
167:
169:
168:
143:
144:
645:, into which the Silesian and Upper Lusatian lands were incorporated as directly dependent on it. Thus, they were henceforth bound not only to the person of the King, but to the perpetual Crown. Later, the development of estate representation, resistance to
164:
166:
142:
1893:
at
Cetatea Albă in 1420, and later even a conflict with the Poles. A deep crisis was to follow Alexandru's long reign, with his successors battling each other in a succession of wars that divided the country until the murder of
3320:
596:
right to infringe on the rights of the Crown and deplete its possessions. The crown, hitherto the crown jewel, becomes a self-contained and permanent legal entity. Similar processes have occurred in other
European countries.
1929:
The principality of
Moldavia covered the entire geographic region of Moldavia. In various periods, various other territories were politically connected with the Moldavian principality. This is the case of the province of
632:
comes relatively late, as in the mid-14th century, and is primarily associated with the territorial expansion of the state and the drive to consolidate it. Above all, the loss of the
Bohemian kings of the
3313:
3078:"Właściwą Małopolskę stanowiły województwa: Krakowskie, Sandomierskie i Lubelskie, oraz kupione (w wieku XV) przez Zbigniewa Oleśnickiego, biskupa krakowskiego, u książąt śląskich księstwo Siewierskie"
163:
140:
1962:(Zips) region. Light blue and green areas show the pawned territories, red line shows current borders, yellow former border between then Hungary and Poland and the black borders between counties
1121:
At the same time, the Crown also referred to all lands that the Polish state (not the monarch) could claim to have the right to rule over, including those that were not within Polish borders.
3306:
178:
3769:
1050:("Commonwealth"), which was an alternate to the Crown as a name for the Polish state after the Treaty of Lublin in 1569. The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland was also related to other
3329:
2419:
141:
1761:. The Polish state was powerful enough to counter the Hungarian Kingdom which was consistently interested in bringing the area that would become Moldavia into its political orbit.
165:
3422:
3843:
108:
543:) was a political and legal idea formed in the 14th century, assuming unity, indivisibility and continuity of the state. According to this concept, the state ceased to be the
1830:
until the debt was to be repaid; as this is not recorded to have been carried out, the region became disputed by the two states, until it was lost by
Moldavia in the
900:, the highest appellate court in the Crown, was reformed. The Sejm would elect their judges for the Sejm Court (the Crown's parliamentary court) from their deputies (
2008:
1074:
The concept of the Crown also had geographical aspects, particularly related to the indivisibility of the Polish Crown's territory. It can be also seen as a unit of
1889:), and placed his own choice of rulers in Wallachia. His reign was one of the most successful in Moldavia's history, but also saw the first confrontation with the
861:
was the principal author of the
Constitution, and he wanted the Crown to be a constitutional monarchy, similar to the one in Great Britain. On May 3, 1791, the
3878:
3412:
2020:
613:
derive their authority from the diet's acceptance of succession in the female line. The key point, however, is the accession to the throne and the reign of
1788:
in 1359, took control of
Moldavia, and succeeded in transforming it into an independent political entity. Despite being disfavored by the brief union of
1722:
552:
of the ruler. At the same time, the idea of the crown went beyond existing political boundaries; lands lost in the past were considered to belong to it.
3271:
815:, and was crowned King of France on February 13, 1575. He left the throne of the Crown on May 12, 1575, two months after he was crowned King of France.
3172:
2004:
1988:
865:
convened, and they read and adopted the new constitution. It enfranchised the bourgeoisie, separated the government into three branches, abolished
2201:
under the same favorable conditions the House of
Pomerania had enjoyed before. Lauenburg and Bütow Land was officially a Polish fiefdom until the
1822:
on September 26, 1387. This gesture was to have unexpected consequences: Petru supplied the Polish ruler with funds needed in the war against the
3461:
1222:
from government authority and property. It often meant a distinction between persons loyal to the elected king (royalists) and persons loyal to
3868:
1811:
845:
is the second-oldest, codified national constitution in history, and the oldest codified national constitution in Europe; the oldest being the
2325:
and provided for the Order's cession of its rights over the western half of its territories to the Polish crown, which became the province of
1967:
1996:
1391:
3774:
2028:
2024:
3397:
3021:
Henryk Wisner, Rzeczpospolita Wazów. Czasy Zygmunta III i Władysława IV. Wydawnictwo Neriton, Instytut Historii PAN, Warszawa 2002, p. 26
3337:
1263:
3802:
3431:
2073:
1789:
1483:
3127:
3114:
3873:
2338:
3539:
1553:
3833:
3863:
3858:
3779:
3392:
2429:
2256:
2170:
1633:
87:
3663:
3491:
3471:
3251:
3137:
3099:
3060:
2982:
2950:
2913:
2879:
2771:
2737:
2703:
2410:. The proposition of protection was accepted by the Polish king but when the real danger came, help for Caffa never arrived.
2290:
1423:
637:
hopes for the throne of Poland gave rise to the need to unite the Silesian principalities with the Bohemian throne. In 1348
3853:
3848:
3838:
3382:
2322:
2122:
1371:
750:
on February 15, 1386, Jogaila began to formally use the name Władysław. Three days after his baptism, the marriage between
3387:
1407:
738:. The agreements included the adoption of Christianity, repatriation of lands "stolen" from Poland by its neighbours, and
3407:
2424:
1455:
313:
2118:
2040:
3466:
3367:
2240:
2174:
2130:
2085:
1683:
1569:
1339:
1115:
950:
922:
781:
555:
The idea of the Crown in Central Europe first appeared in Bohemia and Hungary, from where the model was taken by kings
197:
184:
3293:
3204:
3184:
2811:
2479:
2330:
2126:
1765:
1173:
591:
appeared earliest in the early 12th century in England. In the thirteenth century, when it was well-formed, the term
1040:
1039:) in which power resided in the nobility, the clergy and (to some extent) the working class, also referred to as an
3630:
3347:
2222:
1291:
1004:
768:
3089:
2065:
1881:), this ruler shifted his allegiances towards Poland (notably engaging Moldavian forces on the Polish side in the
2376:
2156:
1819:
1754:
1082:
under direct administration of the Polish state from the Middle Ages to the late 18th century (currently part of
1079:
731:
3298:
2341:
to regain Prussian suzerainty in return for supporting Poland against Sweden. On July 29, 1657, they signed the
575:, the idea was adopted by the lords of the kingdom to emphasize their own role as co-responsible for the state.
638:
3195:
2057:
1863:
283:
571:, as well as during the interregnum following his death and the regency during the minority of his daughter
3761:
2318:
2134:
2080:
in Lesser Poland. The junction of the duchy with the Lesser Poland Province was concluded in 1790 when the
17:
3680:
2905:
Disorderly liberty: the political culture of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the eighteenth century
2298:
1987:, as well as a right to incorporate them into Poland until the debt was repaid. The towns affected were:
373:
3620:
2146:
1781:
3828:
2097:
1886:
1758:
1471:
1111:
846:
828:
1218:", a term used to distinguish the personal influence and private assets of the Commonwealth's current
3883:
3656:
3524:
2666:
The Historians' History of the World: Poland, The Balkans, Turkey, Minor eastern states, China, Japan
2334:
2248:
2202:
1902:
in 1451. Nevertheless, Moldavia was subject to further Hungarian interventions after that moment, as
1769:
833:
600:
rights, served in the 14th century to cancel many land grants in the previous period. The concept of
386:
3362:
1323:
876:
It made Poland a constitutional monarchy with the King as the head of the executive branch with his
3514:
3372:
2372:
2236:
1855:
1740:
1727:
1355:
1193:
1125:
980:
789:
646:
2016:
1521:
858:
2670:
2302:
2206:
1874:
1075:
1032:
812:
614:
273:
3052:
2061:
701:
3693:
3486:
2286:
2252:
2032:
1617:
549:
93:
3446:
3352:
3160:
2903:
2693:
1505:
792:. Before then, the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania only had a
3534:
3481:
3451:
3232:
Korona Królestwa Polskiego w XIV wieku. Studium z dziejów rozwoju polskiej monarchii stanowej
2803:
2727:
2186:
1895:
1878:
1859:
1839:
1745:
The history of Moldavia has long been intertwined with that of Poland. The Polish chronicler
1601:
892:; the King was given the power to break ties in the Senate, and the head of the Sejm was the
881:
622:
560:
3544:
3244:
The Oxford History of Poland-Lithuania. The Making of the Polish-Lithuanian Union, 1385–1569
2761:
3649:
3602:
3549:
3476:
2407:
1797:
1785:
1773:
1301:
1024:
901:
877:
797:
1793:
1537:
8:
3593:
3564:
3559:
3377:
3357:
2942:
Constitutions, elections, and legislatures of Poland, 1493–1977: a guide to their history
2871:
Constitutions, elections, and legislatures of Poland, 1493–1977: a guide to their history
2843:
2190:
2178:
2084:
formally incorporated the Duchy, as part of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, into the
2012:
2000:
1983:(approximately seven tonnes of pure silver), 16 rich salt-producing towns in the area of
1807:
1695:
1307:
1059:
1028:
811:
was crowned King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania on February 22, 1574, he was made
808:
801:
681:
556:
331:
153:
31:
2664:
1935:
1810:
profited from the end of the Hungarian-Polish union and moved the country closer to the
1489:
3741:
3718:
3698:
3688:
3597:
3589:
3569:
3554:
3153:
Translation of a treaty between the King of Prussia and the King and Republic of Poland
3045:
2847:
2827:
2350:
2198:
2152:
1882:
1851:
1847:
1595:
1585:
925:
in 1792. The Constitution was in place for less than 19 months; it was annulled by the
634:
564:
472:
1250:(Polish: Wielkopolska). These were further divided into administrative units known as
937:
734:
confirmed the prenuptial agreements on August 14, 1385, Poland and Lithuania formed a
3529:
3496:
3289:
3247:
3200:
3180:
3133:
3095:
3056:
2978:
2946:
2909:
2875:
2807:
2767:
2733:
2699:
2475:
2052:
1973:
1903:
1831:
1796:, the Moldavian ruler also likely allied himself with the Poles. Lațcu also accepted
1649:
1155:
1051:
751:
693:
649:'s desire to diminish its importance, and finally the period of interregnums and the
572:
486:
459:
270:
232:
2796:
2243:. In 1791 it gained full independence, but on March 28, 1795, it was annexed by the
1968:
Szepes county § The pawning of Szepes towns and the Province of 13 Szepes Towns
1268:
3751:
3625:
3585:
3456:
3441:
3402:
2839:
2362:
2342:
2294:
2282:
2268:
2182:
2077:
1823:
1439:
1144:
1014:
990:
889:
696:
established the first true Polish state, though the process was begun by Mieszko's
685:
298:
2936:
2865:
1140:
772:
Banner of Poland and Lithuania in the chronicle of the Council of Constance (1416)
661:
3746:
3726:
3328:
2940:
2869:
2314:
2213:
and the subsequent Treaty of Warsaw in 1773 made the former conditions obsolete.
2114:
2103:
1979:
1899:
1801:
1675:
1449:
1235:
1223:
1169:
777:
763:
743:
528:
360:
218:
54:
2763:
The Golden Age of Polish Philosophy: Kazimierz Twardowski's Philosophical Legacy
1946:) or, at a later date, the territories between the Dniester and the Bug rivers.
1691:
1254:(the Polish names of the voivodships and towns are shown below in parentheses).
653:, led to the formation of the Crown as standing above the king and the estates.
422:
412:
3797:
3736:
3731:
2403:
2399:
2244:
2194:
2111:
1915:
1247:
1063:
1047:
962:
958:
914:
897:
816:
796:. The Union of Lublin also made the Crown an elective monarchy; this ended the
793:
735:
723:
717:
705:
641:
established the feudal organization of the state and introduced the notions of
544:
536:
500:
347:
68:
1792:
and Hungary (the latter was still the country's overlord), Bogdan's successor
1746:
1192:(which had a negligible Polish population and had until then been governed by
3822:
3807:
3708:
3703:
2326:
2232:
1984:
1890:
1711:
1666:
1279:
1243:
1181:
1177:
267:
264:
248:
2975:
The constitutions of Poland and of the United States: kinships and genealogy
2306:
1907:
1867:
1333:
917:
for any political reform; she argued that Poland had fallen prey to radical
3239:
3075:
2069:
1954:
1943:
1835:
1365:
910:
893:
866:
740:
terras suas Lithuaniae et Russiae Coronae Regni Poloniae perpetuo applicare
727:
689:
650:
608:
For Poland, however, the most important is the emergence of the concept of
578:
3197:
Trade, Diplomacy and Cultural Exchange: Continuity and Change in the North
2449:
2216:
1877:
was brought to the throne in 1400 by the Hungarians (with assistance from
742:, the clause which formed the personal union. After being baptized at the
3672:
2759:
2393:
2310:
1804:
around 1370, but his gesture was to remain without lasting consequences.
1251:
926:
870:
326:
307:
292:
128:
2830:(July 1973). "The Corsican constitution of Pasquale Paoli (1755–1769)".
621:
there is inseparably linked to the physically existing royal jewel, the
2169:) of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1641 it became part of the
2081:
1627:
918:
862:
785:
2851:
2072:
in 1443. After that point it was considered to be associated with the
1714:
writes that Royal Prussia belonged to the Province of Greater Poland.
1196:), passed under Polish administration, thus becoming Crown territory.
1180:, or as other areas under the sovereignty of the Polish king (such as
3216:
Historia Polski Średniowiecze, Stanisław Szczur, Kraków 2002, s. 537.
2036:
1923:
1843:
1815:
1687:
1531:
1433:
1215:
945:
2329:, while the remaining part of the Order's land became a fief of the
1992:
1707:
1699:
1563:
1401:
1055:
747:
669:
The history of Poland as an entity has been traditionally traced to
208:
3087:
2472:
God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume 1: The Origins to 1795
2346:
1931:
1870:
in 1385; however, Stephen disappeared in mysterious circumstances.
1827:
1653:
1515:
1381:
1239:
1199:
During that period, a term for a Pole from the Crown territory was
1185:
1103:
407:
1703:
1417:
857:) Drafting for it began on October 6, 1788, and lasted 32 months.
3501:
3179:, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Interpress, 1983, pp. 81–91, here p. 83.
2210:
1919:
1911:
1777:
1465:
1317:
1219:
1189:
1136:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1087:
994:
954:
568:
240:
3288:(History of Poland – Middle Ages), Wydawnictwo Literackie 2002,
2321:
in October 1466. This treaty had ended the War of the Cities or
1959:
1643:
1611:
1499:
3175:, 'Rivalität der Magnaten und Bedrohung der Souveränität', in:
2695:
A Concise History of Poland: Jerzy Lukowski and Hubert Zawadzki
2165:
1914:. Petru Aron's rule also signified the beginning of Moldavia's
1579:
1385:
1349:
1286:
Map showing voivodeships of the Commonwealth of the Two Nations
1091:
1083:
3641:
2908:. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 227–228.
1834:(1531). Prince Petru also expanded his rule southwards to the
3330:
Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2420:
Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2278:
2228:
1949:
1939:
1753:) as having joined a military expedition in 1342, under King
921:
that was prominent in France at the time. Russia invaded the
697:
677:
417:
222:
3008:
Juliusz Bardach, Boguslaw Lesnodorski, and Michal Pietrzak,
2691:
1214:
Depending on context, the Polish "Crown" may also refer to "
1124:
The term distinguishes those territories federated with the
3612:
1764:
Ties between Poland and Moldavia expanded after the Polish
1547:
885:
2644:
2632:
2608:
2584:
2356:
1046:
A related concept that evolved soon afterward was that of
3088:
Lubieniecki, Stanisław; George Huntston Williams (1995).
2560:
2548:
2536:
2091:
1188:. With the Union of Lublin, however, most of present-day
3012:(Warsaw: Paristwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1987, pp. 85–86
2379:) of the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
2235:
that existed from 1562 to 1791 as a vassal state of the
1784:
who had fallen out with the Hungarian king, crossed the
3125:
3076:
Zygmunt Gloger Geografia historyczna ziem dawnej Polski
2620:
2596:
2572:
2217:
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (Courland) (1562–1791)
1734:
884:. The legislative branch was bicameral with an elected
27:
1385–1795 territorial possessions of the King of Poland
2760:
Sandra Lapointe; Jan Wolenski; Mathieu Marion (2009).
1846:, before being toppled from the throne for supporting
1172:, Crown territories may be understood as those of the
665:
Banner of the Kingdom of Poland until the 15th century
3262:
Statuta Regni Poloniae: in ordinem alphabeti digesta,
2524:
1660:
2977:. American Institute of Polish Culture. p. 51.
2972:
2662:
1838:. His brother Roman I conquered the Hungarian-ruled
913:
who believed that Poland needed permission from the
708:, became the first crowned King of Poland in 1025.
183:
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (red) within the
2406:, Caffa placed itself under the protection of King
2297:, Albert of Hohenzollern, secularized the Prussian
1275:
Voivodeships of the Commonwealth of the Two Nations
3844:Subdivisions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
3044:
2826:
2795:
2512:
2500:
2488:
2159:in 1637, Lauenburg and Bütow Land again became a
1143:or semi-independence from the King), such as the
3820:
2698:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 101–103.
2046:
1207:) – or Crownlander(s) in English – derived from
1110:, among others). Parts formed part at the early
625:, which thereby acquires a unique significance.
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2262:
1976:, the Hungarian crown exchanged, for a loan of
726:was a set of prenuptial agreements made in the
563:to strengthen their power. During the reign of
2901:
1139:territories (which enjoyed varying degrees of
3879:States and territories disestablished in 1795
3657:
3314:
2935:
2864:
2793:
2151:After the childless death of the last of the
1862:, growing Polish influence was challenged by
2991:
1637:
1621:
1605:
1589:
1573:
1557:
1541:
1525:
1509:
1493:
1459:
1443:
1427:
1411:
1395:
1375:
1359:
1343:
1327:
1311:
1295:
628:In Bohemia, the emergence of the concept of
126:
46:
3115:Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie @ Google books
2725:
2140:
1772:and the founding of the Moldavian state by
1264:Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown
957:in 1619 (superimposed on the modern map of
151:
60:
3664:
3650:
3321:
3307:
2450:"Gaude Mater Polonia Creation and History"
2227:The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia is a
1950:Towns in Spisz (Szepes) County (1412–1795)
1842:in 1392, giving Moldavia an outlet to the
1717:
1686:from 1569 to 1772. Royal Prussia included
1484:Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown
1257:
177:
3229:
3166:
3126:Lukowski, Jerzy; Hubert Zawadzki (2006).
2732:. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 68.
2650:
2638:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2590:
2578:
2566:
2554:
2542:
2317:, as had been Teutonic Prussia since the
1477:
1238:(1569) Crown lands were divided into two
656:
567:in Poland, who spent most of his time in
2474:. Oxford University Press. p. 130.
1953:
1721:
1682:) was a semi-autonomous province of the
1278:
1267:
944:
936:
832:
804:was elected on May 16, 1573 as monarch.
767:
660:
30:For the crown used by Polish kings, see
2692:Jerzy Lukowski; W. H. Zawadzki (2001).
2357:Duchy of Livonia (Inflanty) (1569–1772)
1918:allegiance, as the ruler agreed to pay
837:First page of the original Constitution
822:
14:
3821:
3051:. Columbia University Press. pp.
3042:
2469:
2430:Lands of the Crown of Saint Wenceslaus
2305:. His duchy, which had its capital in
2285:from 1525 to 1701. In 1525 during the
2092:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia (1466–1772)
754:and Władysław II Jagiełło took place.
3869:14th-century establishments in Poland
3645:
3302:
3238:
3234:(in Polish). Zakład im. Ossolińskich.
3047:God's Playground: A History of Poland
2530:
2518:
2506:
2494:
2398:In 1462, during the expansion of the
1749:mentioned Moldavians (under the name
2313:), was established as a fief of the
2123:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia
1735:Principality of Moldavia (1387–1497)
941:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, 1635
3246:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3177:Polen. Ein geschichtliches Panorama
2802:. Oxford University Press. p.
2425:Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
1866:, whose expedition was defeated at
972:The possessions of the Polish Crown
24:
3010:Historia panstwa i prawa polskiego
2844:10.1093/ehr/lxxxviii.cccxlviii.481
2060:sold the Duchy of Siewierz to the
1661:Royal Prussia Province (1569–1772)
1118:until its final collapse in 1795.
807:On May 30, 1574, two months after
757:
700:ancestors. His son and successor,
579:The development of the concept of
25:
3895:
3091:History of the Polish Reformation
1978:sixty times the amount of 37,000
949:High-level administrative map of
711:
3874:1795 disestablishments in Poland
3631:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
3421:
2382:
2223:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
2209:incorporated the territory into
2102:The Prince-Bishopric of Warmia (
1696:Malbork Voivodeship (Marienburg)
1023:of the Polish government from a
1005:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
869:, and stopped the abuses of the
780:created the single state of the
505:
491:
477:
452:
161:
138:
107:
86:
3671:
3210:
3189:
3146:
3119:
3108:
3081:
3069:
3036:
3024:
3015:
2966:
2945:. EJJ Books. pp. 181–182.
2929:
2895:
2858:
2820:
2787:
2753:
2719:
2685:
2656:
2193:in return for her help against
1826:, and was granted control over
3834:Historical geography of Poland
3790:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
3132:. Cambridge University Press.
2463:
2442:
2241:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2175:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2131:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2086:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1684:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1116:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
951:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
782:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
525:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
198:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
185:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
43:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
13:
1:
3864:1569 establishments in Europe
3859:1385 establishments in Europe
3286:Historia Polski Średniowiecze
3223:
3159:, vol. XXXV, Edinburgh 1773,
2973:Joseph Kasparek-Obst (1980).
2832:The English Historical Review
2663:Henry Smith Williams (1904).
2331:Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)
2047:Duchy of Siewierz (1443–1795)
1297:województwo brzesko-kujawskie
670:
95:
3762:Lands of the Hungarian Crown
3586:Duchy of Livonia (1561–1621)
2669:. Outlook Company. pp.
2375:– and later a joint domain (
2263:Duchy of Prussia (1569–1657)
2108:Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie
1229:
1090:and some border counties of
1069:
7:
3854:Former monarchies of Europe
3849:Political history of Poland
3681:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
3272:Central European Superpower
3129:A Concise History of Poland
2413:
2333:. In the 17th century King
2299:State of the Teutonic Order
2066:Zbigniew Cardinal Oleśnicki
1972:As one of the terms of the
1292:Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship
932:
909:The Government Act angered
843:Constitution of May 3, 1791
623:Holy Crown of Saint Stephen
160:"Rejoice, oh Mother Poland"
10:
3900:
3413:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
2874:. EJJ Books. p. 175.
2391:
2360:
2266:
2220:
2144:
2110:,) was a semi independent
2098:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
2095:
2050:
1965:
1759:Margraviate of Brandenburg
1738:
1664:
1481:
1472:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
1329:województwo inowrocławskie
1261:
847:United States Constitution
829:Constitution of 3 May 1791
826:
788:between the Crown and the
761:
715:
533:Korona Królestwa Polskiego
48:Korona Królestwa Polskiego
29:
3788:
3760:
3719:Lands of the German Crown
3717:
3679:
3611:
3578:
3513:
3430:
3419:
3336:
3031:The Annals of Jan Długosz
2335:John II Casimir of Poland
2249:Third Partition of Poland
2203:First Partition of Poland
1692:Chełmno Land (Kulmerland)
1623:województwo sandomierskie
1527:województwo czernihowskie
1313:województwo gnieźnieńskie
1246:(Polish: Małopolska) and
993:(semi-independent Polish
730:on August 13, 1385. Once
431:
400:
396:
383:
370:
357:
344:
340:
319:
304:
289:
279:
260:
239:
228:
214:
204:
192:
176:
121:
82:
77:
41:
3621:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
3264:Cracoviae (Kraków) 1563.
2435:
2387:
2373:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2237:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2185:, it was granted to the
2147:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
2141:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
2125:, and a protectorate of
1906:deposed Aron and backed
1768:in the aftermath of the
1741:Principality of Moldavia
1728:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1161:
1150:
1131:
1126:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
981:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
790:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
3839:Polish–Lithuanian union
3230:Dąbrowski, Jan (1956).
3043:Davies, Norman (2005).
2902:Jerzy Lukowski (2010).
2766:. Springer. p. 4.
2470:Davies, Norman (2005).
2371:was a territory of the
2303:Albert, Duke in Prussia
2281:in the eastern part of
2207:Frederick II of Prussia
1718:Other holdings or fiefs
1511:województwo bracławskie
1377:województwo mazowieckie
1284:(in Polish and English)
1258:Greater Poland Province
1076:administrative division
1054:, such as the capital (
1033:constitutional monarchy
819:was elected after him.
784:on July 1, 1569 with a
615:Sigismund of Luxembourg
274:constitutional monarchy
215:Official languages
2794:Norman Davies (1996).
2287:Protestant Reformation
2171:Pomeranian Voivodeship
2107:
2074:Lesser Poland Province
1963:
1731:
1679:
1638:
1622:
1618:Sandomierz Voivodeship
1606:
1590:
1574:
1559:województwo krakowskie
1558:
1542:
1526:
1510:
1494:
1478:Lesser Poland Province
1461:województwo sieradzkie
1460:
1444:
1428:
1412:
1397:województwo poznańskie
1396:
1376:
1360:
1344:
1328:
1324:Inowrocław Voivodeship
1312:
1296:
1287:
1276:
1019:
942:
838:
773:
666:
657:Major political events
540:
532:
152:
127:
61:
47:
2394:Feodosia § Kaffa
2319:Second Peace of Thorn
2251:. The duchy also had
1957:
1898:and the ascension of
1879:Mircea I of Wallachia
1850:in his conflict with
1770:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
1766:annexation of Galicia
1725:
1639:województwo wołyńskie
1591:województwo podolskie
1575:województwo lubelskie
1543:województwo kijowskie
1522:Czernihów Voivodeship
1429:województwo podlaskie
1424:Podlaskie Voivodeship
1361:województwo łęczyckie
1282:
1271:
1176:proper, inhabited by
948:
940:
882:Guardians of the Laws
859:Stanisław II Augustus
836:
771:
664:
643:corona regni Bohemiae
561:Casimir III the Great
541:Corona Regni Poloniae
62:Corona Regni Poloniae
3603:Inflanty (1621–1772)
2726:Bill Moyers (2009).
2408:Casimir IV of Poland
2181:, which amended the
2129:, later part of the
2078:ecclesiastical duchy
2062:Archbishop of Kraków
1864:Sigismund of Hungary
1786:Carpathian Mountains
1372:Mazovian Voivodeship
1345:województwo kaliskie
1025:patrimonial monarchy
878:cabinet of ministers
849:. It was called the
823:Constitution of 1791
798:Jagiellonian dynasty
702:Bolesław I the Brave
635:Luxembourg dynasty's
593:corona regni Angliae
2729:Moyers on Democracy
2323:Thirteen Years' War
2191:Brandenburg-Prussia
2179:Treaty of Bydgoszcz
2068:, for 6,000 silver
1887:Siege of Marienburg
1710:. Polish historian
1506:Bracław Voivodeship
1495:województwo bełzkie
1456:Sieradz Voivodeship
1445:województwo rawskie
1413:województwo płockie
1356:Łęczyca Voivodeship
1308:Gniezno Voivodeship
1060:Polish coat of arms
1041:"elective monarchy"
1029:hereditary monarchy
557:Ladislaus the Short
332:Early modern Europe
314:Chamber of Deputies
154:Gaude Mater Polonia
32:Polish crown jewels
3780:Kingdom of Croatia
3742:Duchy of Franconia
3570:Duchy of Samogitia
3284:Stanisław Szczur,
3157:The Scots Magazine
3094:. Fortress Press.
2828:Dorothy Carrington
2351:Kingdom of Prussia
2205:in 1772 when King
2199:Swedish-Polish War
2153:House of Pomerania
2119:incumbent ordinary
2033:Spiskie Podgrodzie
1964:
1934:, the fiefdoms of
1883:Battle of Grunwald
1852:Vytautas the Great
1848:Fyodor Koriatovych
1776:. Bogdan, a Vlach
1732:
1726:The Crown and the
1607:województwo ruskie
1596:Kamieniec Podolski
1586:Podole Voivodeship
1570:Lublin Voivodeship
1554:Kraków Voivodeship
1392:Poznań Voivodeship
1340:Kalisz Voivodeship
1288:
1277:
1168:Prior to the 1569
1020:
1007:, Lithuanian fief.
943:
839:
774:
667:
473:Kingdom of Prussia
374:May 3 Constitution
3829:Kingdom of Poland
3816:
3815:
3639:
3638:
3497:Duchy of Siewierz
3253:978-0-19-820869-3
3139:978-0-521-85332-3
3101:978-0-8006-7085-6
3062:978-0-231-12817-9
2984:978-1-881284-09-3
2952:978-0-7818-0637-4
2915:978-1-4411-4812-4
2881:978-0-7818-0637-4
2798:Europe: A History
2773:978-90-481-2400-8
2739:978-0-307-38773-8
2705:978-0-521-55917-1
2653:, pp. 36–38.
2641:, pp. 34–36.
2617:, pp. 32–33.
2593:, pp. 27–31.
2569:, pp. 22–24.
2557:, pp. 30–31.
2545:, pp. 21–22.
2533:, pp. 11–12.
2339:Frederick William
2177:. After the 1657
2127:Kingdom of Poland
2076:and was the only
2053:Duchy of Siewierz
1974:Treaty of Lubowla
1910:to the throne in
1904:Matthias Corvinus
1832:Battle of Obertyn
1802:Roman Catholicism
1650:Duchy of Siewierz
1634:Wołyń Voivodeship
1538:Kijów Voivodeship
1408:Płock Voivodeship
1174:Kingdom of Poland
1156:Duchy of Courland
1112:Kingdom of Poland
1052:symbols of Poland
1037:monarchia stanowa
888:and an appointed
694:Baptism of Poland
521:
520:
517:
516:
513:
512:
487:Habsburg Monarchy
465:
464:
460:Kingdom of Poland
233:Roman Catholicism
170:
145:
16:(Redirected from
3891:
3884:Christian states
3752:Duchy of Bavaria
3666:
3659:
3652:
3643:
3642:
3626:Duchy of Prussia
3506:
3502:Duchy of Siveria
3425:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3257:
3235:
3217:
3214:
3208:
3193:
3187:
3173:Henryk Rutkowski
3170:
3164:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3123:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3050:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3013:
3006:
2989:
2988:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2838:(348): 481–503.
2824:
2818:
2817:
2801:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2446:
2369:Duchy of Livonia
2363:Duchy of Livonia
2343:Treaty of Wehlau
2295:Teutonic Knights
2275:Duchy of Prussia
2269:Duchy of Prussia
2183:Treaty of Wehlau
2021:Spiska Nowa Wieś
1936:Cetatea de Baltă
1824:Teutonic Knights
1680:Prusy Królewskie
1641:
1625:
1609:
1593:
1577:
1561:
1545:
1529:
1513:
1497:
1490:Bełz Voivodeship
1463:
1447:
1440:Rawa Voivodeship
1431:
1415:
1399:
1379:
1363:
1347:
1331:
1315:
1299:
1285:
1274:
1226:(confederates).
1164:
1162:
1153:
1151:
1145:Duchy of Prussia
1134:
1132:
1015:Duchy of Livonia
1012:
1002:
991:Duchy of Prussia
988:
978:
969:
675:
672:
509:
508:
495:
494:
481:
480:
469:
468:
456:
455:
449:
448:
433:
432:
235:(state religion)
181:
172:
171:
157:
147:
146:
132:
111:
100:
97:
90:
72:
64:
58:
50:
39:
38:
21:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3784:
3756:
3747:Duchy of Swabia
3727:Duchy of Saxony
3713:
3675:
3670:
3640:
3635:
3607:
3574:
3516:
3509:
3504:
3433:
3426:
3417:
3348:Brześć Kujawski
3339:
3332:
3327:
3279:, October 2016.
3269:Henryk Litwin,
3254:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3194:
3190:
3171:
3167:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3086:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3041:
3037:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3007:
2992:
2985:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2900:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2863:
2859:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2661:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2529:
2525:
2517:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2416:
2396:
2390:
2385:
2365:
2359:
2315:Crown of Poland
2271:
2265:
2225:
2219:
2149:
2143:
2117:, ruled by the
2100:
2094:
2055:
2049:
1980:Prague groschen
1970:
1952:
1900:Peter III Aaron
1812:Jagiellon realm
1774:Bogdan of Cuhea
1743:
1737:
1720:
1708:Elbląg (Elbing)
1700:Gdańsk (Danzig)
1669:
1663:
1602:Ruś Voivodeship
1486:
1480:
1302:Brześć Kujawski
1283:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1236:Union of Lublin
1232:
1224:Polish magnates
1170:Union of Lublin
1160:
1159:
1149:
1148:
1135:) from various
1130:
1129:
1072:
1018:
1010:
1008:
1000:
998:
986:
984:
976:
974:
967:
935:
831:
825:
809:Henry de Valois
802:Henry de Valois
778:Union of Lublin
766:
764:Union of Lublin
760:
758:Union of Lublin
744:Wawel Cathedral
720:
714:
673:
659:
587:The concept of
585:
565:Louis the Great
506:
492:
478:
453:
427:
389:
387:Third Partition
376:
363:
361:Union of Lublin
350:
336:
310:
295:
256:
188:
162:
159:
149:
148:
139:
136:
135:"Mother of God"
134:
117:
116:
115:
112:
104:
103:
98:
91:
73:
66:
59:
52:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3897:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3798:Greater Poland
3794:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3770:Hungary proper
3766:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3737:Upper Lorraine
3734:
3732:Lower Lorraine
3729:
3723:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3669:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3646:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3582:
3580:
3579:Polish Livonia
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3519:
3515:Grand Duchy of
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3340:Greater Poland
3334:
3333:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3281:
3280:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3252:
3236:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3209:
3188:
3165:
3145:
3138:
3118:
3107:
3100:
3080:
3068:
3061:
3035:
3023:
3014:
2990:
2983:
2965:
2951:
2928:
2914:
2894:
2880:
2857:
2819:
2812:
2786:
2772:
2752:
2738:
2718:
2704:
2684:
2655:
2651:Dąbrowski 1956
2643:
2639:Dąbrowski 1956
2631:
2627:Dąbrowski 1956
2619:
2615:Dąbrowski 1956
2607:
2603:Dąbrowski 1956
2595:
2591:Dąbrowski 1956
2583:
2579:Dąbrowski 1956
2571:
2567:Dąbrowski 1956
2559:
2555:Dąbrowski 1956
2547:
2543:Dąbrowski 1956
2535:
2523:
2511:
2499:
2487:
2480:
2462:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2415:
2412:
2404:Crimean Tatars
2400:Ottoman Empire
2392:Main article:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2361:Main article:
2358:
2355:
2267:Main article:
2264:
2261:
2245:Russian Empire
2239:and later the
2221:Main article:
2218:
2215:
2145:Main article:
2142:
2139:
2135:Peace of Thorn
2112:ecclesiastical
2096:Main article:
2093:
2090:
2051:Main article:
2048:
2045:
2013:Spiskie Włochy
1966:Main article:
1951:
1948:
1916:Ottoman Empire
1790:Angevin Poland
1757:, against the
1739:Main article:
1736:
1733:
1719:
1716:
1665:Main article:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1647:
1631:
1615:
1599:
1583:
1567:
1551:
1535:
1519:
1503:
1482:Main article:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1453:
1437:
1421:
1405:
1389:
1369:
1353:
1337:
1321:
1305:
1262:Main article:
1259:
1256:
1248:Greater Poland
1231:
1228:
1071:
1068:
1064:flag of Poland
1048:Rzeczpospolita
1031:) to a "quasi-
1009:
999:
985:
975:
966:
963:Eastern Europe
934:
931:
915:Russian Empire
898:Crown Tribunal
855:Ustawa Rządowa
851:Government Act
827:Main article:
824:
821:
817:Anna Jagiellon
813:King of France
794:personal union
762:Main article:
759:
756:
736:personal union
724:Union of Krewo
718:Union of Krewo
716:Main article:
713:
712:Union of Krewo
710:
706:Duke of Poland
658:
655:
584:
577:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
503:
501:Russian Empire
497:
496:
489:
483:
482:
475:
466:
463:
462:
457:
445:
444:
439:
429:
428:
426:
425:
420:
415:
410:
404:
402:
398:
397:
394:
393:
392:January 7 1795
390:
384:
381:
380:
377:
371:
368:
367:
364:
358:
355:
354:
353:August 14 1385
351:
348:Union of Krewo
345:
342:
341:
338:
337:
335:
334:
329:
323:
321:
320:Historical era
317:
316:
311:
305:
302:
301:
296:
290:
287:
286:
281:
277:
276:
262:
258:
257:
255:
254:
251:
245:
243:
237:
236:
230:
226:
225:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
194:
190:
189:
182:
174:
173:
137:
119:
118:
113:
106:
105:
94:Royal Banner (
92:
85:
84:
83:
80:
79:
75:
74:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3896:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3809:
3808:Royal Prussia
3806:
3804:
3803:Lesser Poland
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3709:Lower Lusatia
3707:
3705:
3704:Upper Lusatia
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3667:
3662:
3660:
3655:
3653:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3525:Brest Litovsk
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3512:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3434:Lesser Poland
3429:
3424:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3319:
3317:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3294:83-08-03272-9
3291:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3260:Jan Herburt,
3259:
3255:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3240:Frost, Robert
3237:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3213:
3206:
3205:90-6550-881-3
3202:
3199:
3198:
3192:
3186:
3185:83-223-1984-3
3182:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3141:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3122:
3116:
3111:
3103:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3084:
3077:
3072:
3064:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3039:
3032:
3027:
3018:
3011:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2954:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2937:Jacek Jędruch
2932:
2917:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2898:
2883:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2866:Jacek Jędruch
2861:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2815:
2813:0-19-820171-0
2809:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2790:
2775:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2756:
2741:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2722:
2707:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2688:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2659:
2652:
2647:
2640:
2635:
2629:, p. 38.
2628:
2623:
2616:
2611:
2605:, p. 31.
2604:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2581:, p. 24.
2580:
2575:
2568:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2544:
2539:
2532:
2527:
2521:, p. 12.
2520:
2515:
2509:, p. 14.
2508:
2503:
2497:, p. 15.
2496:
2491:
2483:
2481:9780199253395
2477:
2473:
2466:
2451:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2383:Protectorates
2380:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2327:Royal Prussia
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2233:Baltic region
2230:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:Spiska Sobota
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1961:
1956:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1891:Ottoman Turks
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1814:, becoming a
1813:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1729:
1724:
1715:
1713:
1712:Henryk Wisner
1709:
1705:
1704:Toruń (Thorn)
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:Royal Prussia
1668:
1667:Royal Prussia
1655:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1281:
1270:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:Lesser Poland
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1211:– the Crown.
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:Royal Prussia
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1157:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1006:
996:
992:
982:
973:
964:
960:
956:
952:
947:
939:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
907:
905:
904:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
880:, called the
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
835:
830:
820:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
770:
765:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
719:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
663:
654:
652:
648:
647:Wenceslaus IV
644:
640:
636:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
611:
606:
603:
597:
594:
590:
582:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
550:free election
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
504:
502:
499:
498:
490:
488:
485:
484:
476:
474:
471:
470:
467:
461:
458:
451:
450:
447:
446:
443:
440:
438:
435:
434:
430:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
388:
382:
378:
375:
369:
365:
362:
356:
352:
349:
343:
339:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
322:
318:
315:
312:
309:
303:
300:
297:
294:
288:
285:
282:
278:
275:
272:
269:
268:parliamentary
266:
263:
259:
252:
250:
247:
246:
244:
242:
238:
234:
231:
227:
224:
220:
217:
213:
210:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
186:
180:
175:
156:
155:
131:
130:
124:
120:
110:
102:
89:
81:
76:
70:
63:
56:
49:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3789:
3775:Transylvania
3285:
3277:BUM Magazine
3276:
3270:
3261:
3243:
3231:
3212:
3196:
3191:
3176:
3168:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3128:
3121:
3110:
3090:
3083:
3071:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3026:
3017:
3009:
2974:
2968:
2958:November 19,
2956:. Retrieved
2941:
2931:
2921:November 19,
2919:. Retrieved
2904:
2897:
2887:November 19,
2885:. Retrieved
2870:
2860:
2835:
2831:
2822:
2797:
2789:
2779:November 19,
2777:. Retrieved
2762:
2755:
2745:November 19,
2743:. Retrieved
2728:
2721:
2711:November 19,
2709:. Retrieved
2694:
2687:
2677:November 19,
2675:. Retrieved
2665:
2658:
2646:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2598:
2586:
2574:
2562:
2550:
2538:
2526:
2514:
2502:
2490:
2471:
2465:
2455:November 14,
2453:. Retrieved
2444:
2397:
2368:
2366:
2291:Grand Master
2274:
2272:
2259:and Gambia.
2226:
2187:Hohenzollern
2164:
2160:
2157:Bogislaw XIV
2150:
2137:(1466–1772)
2101:
2058:Wenceslaus I
2056:
1985:Spisz (Zips)
1977:
1971:
1944:Transylvania
1928:
1872:
1840:Cetatea Albă
1836:Danube Delta
1820:Władysław II
1806:
1763:
1750:
1744:
1671:
1670:
1252:voivodeships
1233:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1167:
1123:
1120:
1114:, then, the
1073:
1045:
1036:
1021:
971:
923:Commonwealth
911:Catherine II
908:
902:
894:Sejm Marshal
875:
867:liberum veto
854:
850:
842:
840:
806:
775:
739:
728:Kreva Castle
721:
690:Christianity
668:
651:Hussite wars
642:
630:corona regni
629:
627:
619:corona regni
618:
610:corona regni
609:
607:
602:corona regni
601:
598:
592:
589:corona regni
588:
586:
581:corona regni
580:
554:
524:
522:
442:Succeeded by
441:
436:
196:Part of the
122:
114:Coat of arms
36:
18:Polish Crown
3673:Crown lands
3505:(1619–1635)
3432:Province of
3338:Province of
3161:pp. 687–691
2377:Condominium
2311:Kaliningrad
2301:, becoming
2189:dynasty of
2025:Ruszkinowce
1875:Alexander I
1755:Władysław I
1751:Wallachians
1747:Jan Długosz
1320:) from 1768
1273:(in Polish)
1080:territories
927:Grodno Sejm
871:Repnin Sejm
686:West Polans
676:, when the
545:patrimonial
437:Preceded by
379:May 3, 1791
366:1 July 1569
327:Middle Ages
308:Lower house
293:Upper house
280:Legislature
200:(1569–1795)
129:Bogurodzica
99: 1621
3823:Categories
3540:Nowogródek
3487:Sandomierz
3393:Pomeranian
3363:Inowrocław
3224:References
2531:Frost 2015
2519:Frost 2015
2507:Frost 2015
2495:Frost 2015
2337:submitted
2307:Königsberg
2133:after the
2082:Great Sejm
2037:Maciejowce
1922:to Sultan
1908:Alexăndrel
1868:Ghindăoani
1798:conversion
1628:Sandomierz
1334:Inowrocław
1234:After the
1205:koroniarze
1154:) and the
919:Jacobinism
863:Great Sejm
786:real union
674: 966
639:Charles IV
261:Government
241:Demonym(s)
3535:Mstsislaw
3517:Lithuania
3482:Ruthenian
3472:Podlaskie
3452:Chernihów
2353:in 1701.
2017:Nowa Wieś
1942:(both in
1924:Mehmed II
1896:Bogdan II
1873:Although
1860:Stephen I
1856:Lithuania
1844:Black Sea
1782:Maramureș
1730:1386–1434
1688:Pomerelia
1532:Czernihów
1434:Drohiczyn
1240:provinces
1230:Provinces
1216:The Crown
1203:(plural:
1201:koroniarz
1194:Lithuania
1184:) or the
1070:Geography
682:Mieszko I
583:in Poland
229:Religion
78:1385–1795
3550:Smolensk
3492:Volhynia
3477:Podolian
3383:Masovian
3242:(2015).
3033:, p. 273
2939:(1998).
2868:(1998).
2414:See also
2402:and the
2253:colonies
2041:Twarożne
1997:Wierzbów
1932:Pokuttya
1885:and the
1858:. Under
1828:Pokuttya
1654:Siewierz
1382:Mazowsze
1186:szlachta
1141:autonomy
1104:Slovakia
1062:and the
955:fiefdoms
953:and its
933:Politics
903:posłowie
688:adopted
684:and the
401:Currency
271:Elective
187:in 1635.
3699:Silesia
3694:Moravia
3689:Bohemia
3594:Parnawa
3565:Vitebsk
3560:Vilnius
3447:Bracław
3408:Sieradz
3378:Malbork
3373:Łęczyca
3358:Gniezno
3353:Chełmno
2293:of the
2283:Prussia
2247:in the
2231:in the
2211:Prussia
2197:in the
2173:of the
2163:(land,
2121:of the
1920:tribute
1912:Suceava
1808:Petru I
1778:voivode
1516:Bracław
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