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268:, People's Commissar of Light Industry and first deputy chairman of the Georgian Council of People's Commissars between 1931 and 1936. He remained an outspoken critic of Stalin's Transcaucasian enterprise and was famous for his sarcastic comments on the Soviet leader. According to the modern historian Ami Knight, Mdivani liked to tell a joke about how Georgian workers urged
288:. He was removed from his post and excluded from the party in late 1936. In May 1937, Mdivani was accused by Beria of having founded the "Trotskyite Centre for Espionage, Sabotage and Terrorism" with the aim to kill Beria and bring down the Soviet government. In July he was arrested and tried by the
327:
of the
Criminal Code. On 19 July Mdivani was executed in Tbilisi. His wife and sons, including the notable tennis player Archil Mdivani (1911–1937), and daughter Meri (Mary) were also shot. Meri left a newborn son, David Kobakhidze, with the neighbor when she was taken away for questioning. Before
251:
The "national deviationists" were not actively persecuted until the late 1920s, however. Once Lenin had been incapacitated by a series of strokes, Stalin used his increasing power to remove
Mdivani and other oppositionists to diplomatic posts. Mdivani served as the Soviet trade representative to
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301:
Being shot is not enough punishment for me; I need to be quartered! It was me who brought the 11th Army here ; I betrayed my people and helped Stalin and Beria, these degenerates, enslave
Georgia and bring Lenin’s party to its
216:) and replaced with Mdivani. During his tenure, Mdivani entered in a bitter conflict with Stalin and Ordzhonikidze who pursued hardliner, centralizing policy towards Georgia. This dispute known as the
142:, and other industrial centers of the Caucasus. A close associate of Joseph Stalin, he quickly emerged as one of the leading Bolsheviks in the region and gained a reputation of a brilliant orator.
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that dispossessed
Georgia of several of its former districts and advocated more tolerance towards political opposition to ensure the survival of the highly unpopular Bolshevik government.
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323:", announced that the Georgian Supreme Court found Mdivani, Okudzhava and several of their colleagues guilty of treason and other counterrevolutionary crimes all categorized under
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232:– were denounced by Stalin as "national deviationists". The Mdivani group, in their turn, accused their opponents of "Great Russian chauvinism" and tried to secure
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where he worked for the
Caucasian Bureau of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party and served as a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the
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212:, a moderate Georgian Communist leader, was removed from his position of the chairman of the Georgian Revolutionary Committee (
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236:’s support, but without any success. The "deviationists"’ failure to prevent the Georgian SSR from being amalgamated with the
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resulted in the final victory of the Stalin-Ordzhonikidze line and the removal of
Mdivani from his post in January 1923.
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264:. Reinstated three years later, he worked in various government positions, including as chairman of the Supreme
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prison in
Tbilisi, Mdivani repeatedly refused to "confess". He is quoted to have said to the troika members:
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being executed she had a chance to write a letter to him that was the only object he had from his mother.
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Stalin could not forgive
Mdivani for his defiance and Mdivani became one of the first victims of the
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188:-dominated government in favor of the Bolshevik regime. However, with the establishment of the
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in an effort to mediate a peace deal between the
Turkish government and the
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but was later expelled from the university for his participation in the
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276:, in Tbilisi so that she would not give birth to another Stalin.
196:. He protested against a series of territorial rearrangements in
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434:, p. 27. Moscow. Cited at: Rumiantsev, Vyacheslav (ed., 2000),
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to set up an armed guard around the house of Stalin's mother,
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Heads of government of the
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
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peaked in 1922, when Mdivani and his comrades – Makharadze,
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1209:
Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic People
161:. In 1920, he was instrumental in the occupation of the
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Communist Party of Georgia (Soviet Union) politicians
165:. Later that year, he was sent as a special envoy to
130:in 1903 and engaged in revolutionary activities in
70:. In the 1920s, he played an important role in the
256:from 1924 until being excluded, in 1928, from the
62:government official energetically involved in the
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78:, but later led Georgian Communist opposition to
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1149:20th-century politicians from Georgia (country)
1189:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
180:, played an important role in engineering the
176:Early in 1921, Mdivani, along with Stalin and
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568:First Secretaries of Georgian Communist Party
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384:The Dictionary of Georgian National Biography
126:Mdivani joined the Bolshevik faction of the
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128:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
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315:On 11 July 1937 the Soviet newspaper
51:; 1877 – 19 July 1937) was a veteran
432:Карьера палача//Берия. Конец карьеры
371:Mikaberidze, Alexander (ed., 2007),
349:"Мдивани Буду (Поликарп Гургенович)"
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86:of 1922. He was executed during the
292:. During the interrogations at the
258:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
27:Polikarp "Budu" Gurgenovich Mdivani
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1199:Trotskyists from Georgia (country)
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578:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
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545:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
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436:Мдивани Буду (Поликарп Гургенович)
82:'s centralizing policy during the
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319:, with the headline of "Death to
260:during Stalin's crackdown on the
163:Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan
400:Beria: Stalin's First Lieutenant
1184:People of the Russian Civil War
102:(untitled noble) family in the
1144:People from Tiflis Governorate
510:Democratic Republic of Georgia
496:Democratic Republic of Georgia
449:. Retrieved on April 23, 2007.
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386:. Retrieved on April 23, 2007.
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171:Democratic Republic of Armenia
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184:which toppled down the local
153:, he was commissioned to the
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49:Polikarp Gurgenovich Mdivani
430:Antonov-Ovsenko, A. (1991),
182:Red Army invasion of Georgia
45:Поликарп Гургенович Мдивани
16:Georgian government official
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676:Flag of Georgia (1990–2004)
110:. Polikarp enrolled in the
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404:Princeton University Press
151:Russian Revolution of 1917
112:Imperial Moscow University
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398:Knight, Ami W. (1993),
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116:student riots of 1899
98:He was born in to an
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311:Budu Mdivani in 1937
149:, that followed the
106:. He was brother of
830:Heads of government
246:Transcaucasian SFSR
244:republics into the
204:The Georgian Affair
178:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
104:Kutaisi Governorate
64:Russian Revolutions
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378:2016-02-14 at the
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36:პოლიკარპე მდივანი
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1019:Arsenishvili
998:Shevardnadze
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866:Georgian SSR
694:Shevardnadze
689:Gamsakhurdia
633:Shevardnadze
623:Mirtskhulava
564:Georgian SSR
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531:Georgian SSR
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431:
428:(in Russian)
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356:. Retrieved
353:www.hrono.ru
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286:Great Purges
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190:Georgian SSR
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1134:1937 deaths
1129:1877 births
1065:Ivanishvili
919:Ketskhoveli
904:Sukhishvili
894:Sukhishvili
716:Saakashvili
705:Saakashvili
638:Patiashvili
628:Mzhavanadze
593:Gogoberidze
290:NKVD troika
145:During the
88:Great Purge
1123:Categories
1101:Kobakhidze
1045:Gurgenidze
1024:Jorbenadze
1009:Lekishvili
988:Gugushvili
944:Cherkeziya
889:Makharadze
874:Kavtaradze
851:Ramishvili
836:since 1918
710:Burjanadze
699:Burjanadze
666:Presidents
643:Gumbaridze
613:Charkviani
550:Makharadze
516:Ramishvili
489:since 1918
358:2021-12-18
332:References
325:Article 58
280:Repression
266:Sovnarkhoz
242:Azerbaijan
94:Early life
1080:Bakhtadze
1040:Nogaideli
1034:Baramidze
1004:Patsatsia
954:Chitanava
949:Chkheidze
934:Pataridze
856:Zhordania
734:Elections
653:Mikeladze
583:Lominadze
521:Zhordania
402:, p. 79.
186:Menshevik
159:11th Army
68:Civil War
56:Bolshevik
1085:Gakharia
982:Omanidze
924:Bakradze
909:Bakradze
648:Margiani
618:Mgeladze
588:Kakhiani
439:Archived
376:Archived
238:Armenian
76:Caucasus
66:and the
53:Georgian
31:Georgian
1055:Gilauri
1029:Zhvania
969:Georgia
879:Mdivani
834:Georgia
598:Mamulia
555:Mdivani
294:Metekhi
132:Tbilisi
100:Aznauri
74:of the
41:Russian
884:Eliava
447:Хронос
414:
254:France
228:, and
214:Revkom
194:Moscow
167:Turkey
140:Batumi
60:Soviet
33::
993:Sigua
977:Sigua
959:Sigua
608:Beria
302:knees
234:Lenin
780:2024
775:2018
770:2013
765:2008
760:2004
755:2000
750:1995
745:1992
740:1991
412:ISBN
240:and
136:Baku
58:and
832:of
304:."
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391:^
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351:.
340:^
224:,
173:.
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118:.
90:.
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39:;
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299:"
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