29:
109:
342:
353:
116:
250:
regained power in the area of "Ha-Ra Bridge", and that he restored the devastated temple. From this inscription can be deduced that the area previously had come under temporary foreign dominion, and that foreign vandals had damaged the already existing temple. Other steles indicate that the temple
360:
The temple's central image is a 1.2m tall stone statue of the goddess Yan Po Nagar sitting cross-legged, dressed only in a skirt, with ten hands holding various symbolic items. According to
Vietnamese scholar Ngô Vǎn Doanh, these attributes show that Yan Po Nagar was identified also with the
322:, "took the capital of Champa and carried of all the lingas." Later steles indicate the celebration of a cult in honor of the goddess Yan Po Nagar, as well as the presence of statues dedicated to the principal deities of
297:
in 950, and that in 965, the king Jaya
Indravarman I replaced the lost statue with a new stone one. A stele dated 1050 says that offerings of land, slaves, jewelry, and precious metals were made to the statue by
259:, "men living on food more horrible than cadavers, frightful, completely black and gaunt, dreadful and evil as death" had arrived in ships, had stolen the jewelry and had broken the
333:
people occupied Champa and took over the temple tower, calling it Thiên Y Thánh Mâu Tower. A number of
Vietnamese legends regarding the goddess and the tower have come into being.
581:
Trần Kỳ Phương (2009): The
Architecture of the Temple-Towers of Ancient Champa. in Hardy, Andrew et al. (ed): Champa and the Archaeology of Mỹ Sơn (Vietnam). NUS Press, Singapore
683:
349:
The Po Nagar complex is situated on Cù Lao
Mountain. It consists of three levels, the highest of which encompasses two rows of towers. The main tower is about 25 m high.
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above the entrance to the temple: it depicts the four-armed goddess holding a hatchet, a lotus and a club, and standing on a buffalo. This sculpture belongs to the
965:
945:
139:
263:. Though the king had chased the robbers out to sea, the treasure had been lost forever. The steles also indicate that the king restored the linga in 784.
618:
970:
960:
44:
783:
773:
690:
611:
578:. Hanoi: The Gioi Publishers, 2006. Chapter 14: "Po Nagar Tower: The Temple of the Goddess of the Country," pp. 187 ff.
444:
924:
642:
803:
950:
726:
604:
488:
793:
631:
108:
808:
373:, the slayer of the buffalo-demon. Another sculpture of the goddess Mahishasuramardini may be found in the
879:
132:
778:
756:
356:
Durga, the slayer of the buffalo-demon, is represented on the pediment above the entrance to the temple.
864:
751:
299:
285:
dated 918 by the Cham King
Indravarman III states an order to build a golden statue to the goddess
676:
849:
657:
788:
716:
303:
8:
813:
798:
766:
381:
style of Cham art from the end of the 10th century or the beginning of the 11th century.
869:
844:
818:
366:
275:
59:
884:
721:
255:
decorated with jewelry and resembling an angel's head. Foreign robbers, perhaps from
761:
708:
484:
440:
311:
294:
202:
temple tower founded sometime before 781 and located in the medieval principality of
919:
28:
591:
432:
874:
302:. Paramabhodisattva made "rich offerings" in 1084 after reuniting the country.
227:
839:
834:
315:
955:
939:
902:
390:
378:
271:
215:
179:
154:
141:
71:
907:
731:
647:
341:
627:
596:
319:
290:
267:
352:
247:
243:
741:
483:
Maspero, G., 2002, The Champa
Kingdom, Bangkok: White Lotus Co., Ltd.,
307:
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and a
Shrishana Vishnu in 1141 and another donation in 1143. In 1160,
289:. Later steles report that the original gold statue was stolen by the
286:
223:
207:
86:
270:, made endowments in 817. Senapati made attacks on the Khmers under
859:
736:
374:
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49:
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The Cham military leader
Senapati Par, under the reign of
439:. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press.
937:
946:8th-century religious buildings and structures
684:
612:
345:The towers of Po Nagar are located on a hill.
626:
413:estimates by Trần Kỳ Phương (Tran 2009, 182)
314:"offered rich gifts". An inscription states
226:and Hariti, and who in Vietnamese is called
691:
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571:. Honolulu: East-West Center Press, 1968.
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966:Tourist attractions in Khánh Hòa province
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16:Hindu temple in Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
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435:(1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.).
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242:dated 781 indicates that the
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840:List of dynasties of Champa
804:Principality of Thuận Thành
779:Mongol invasion (1283–1285)
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835:List of monarchs of Champa
592:Information about Po Nagar
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762:Javanese raid of 774–787
300:Jaya Paramesvaravarman I
189:mid-10th to 13th century
850:Main capitals of Champa
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576:Champa: Ancient Towers
553:Champa: Ancient Towers
540:Champa: Ancient Towers
527:Champa: Ancient Towers
514:Champa: Ancient Towers
501:Champa: Ancient Towers
461:Champa: Ancient Towers
357:
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214:. It is dedicated to
155:12.26528°N 109.19556°E
133:Geographic coordinates
658:Po Klong Garai Temple
355:
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774:Cham–Vietnamese wars
757:Golden Age of Champa
304:Jaya Indravarman III
896:Society and culture
809:Dissolution in 1832
160:12.26528; 109.19556
151: /
123:Location in Vietnam
845:Military of Champa
819:Timeline of Champa
542:, p.194 f., 212 f.
367:Mahishasuramardini
358:
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306:gave the temple a
276:Vikrantavarman III
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446:978-0-8248-0368-1
312:Jaya Harivarman I
295:Rajendravarman II
228:Thiên Y Thánh Mẫu
220:mahayana buddhist
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789:Islamization
727:Chinese rule
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320:Khmer Empire
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268:Harivarman I
265:
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216:Yan Po Nagar
195:
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171:Architecture
72:Yan Po Nagar
722:Hồ Tôn Tinh
529:, p.209 ff.
248:Satyavarman
158: /
146:109°11′44″E
45:Affiliation
940:Categories
920:Cham music
880:Panduranga
828:Government
799:Rump state
503:, p.192 f.
402:References
331:Vietnamese
308:Shivalinga
253:mukhalinga
222:goddesses
143:12°15′55″N
870:Indrapura
860:Simhapura
287:Bhagavati
224:Bhagavati
208:Nha Trang
186:Completed
87:Nha Trang
60:Khanh Hoa
913:Po Nagar
865:Virapura
737:Quduqian
702:articles
653:Po Nagar
555:, p.215.
516:, p.198.
463:, p.192.
385:See also
379:Tra Kieu
375:pediment
365:goddess
324:Buddhism
204:Kauthara
196:Po Nagar
83:Location
78:Location
56:Province
50:Hinduism
39:Religion
22:Po Nagar
709:History
632:Vietnam
318:of the
234:History
212:Vietnam
97:Vietnam
93:Country
908:Mỹ Sơn
885:Panrik
875:Vijaya
742:Boliao
732:Lâm Ấp
700:Champa
648:Mỹ Sơn
487:
443:
396:Phosop
180:Champa
371:Durga
363:Hindu
291:Khmer
283:stele
261:linga
246:King
240:stele
198:is a
67:Deity
956:Cham
925:Ware
747:Xitu
485:ISBN
441:ISBN
337:Site
257:Java
244:Cham
200:Cham
176:Type
630:in
369:or
293:'s
210:in
942::
468:^
418:^
326:.
281:A
238:A
230:.
692:e
685:t
678:v
620:e
613:t
606:v
449:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
